China Daily手机报上的这些 你知道多少?

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2020年08月02日 07:20
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差倍问题的公式-粗犷拼音

China Daily手机报上的这些 你知道多少?
1. year-end party phobia就是"年会恐惧症",其中的year-end party就是大多数公司都要举办的"年会"。临近年终,很多事情都和year-end联系起来,类似的说法还有year-end bonus(年终奖)、year-end summary(年终总结)、year-end appraisal of work(年终工作考核)等等。

Phobia常用来形容极端的,或没有道理的恐惧或仇恨,也可以指"恐惧症",可用作后缀,比如testphobia(考试恐惧症)。

相反,后缀philia则表示对某种特殊事物的偏好或喜好,比如xenophobia(仇外,惧外者)的反义是xenophilia(崇洋媚外)。理论上,对于每一种 -phobia都可以有和它相反的 –philia。现在年轻人流行说的"XX控",其实就是一种-philia。

2. 这两者主要词汇的差别,我们总结了这些:
BritishtVS American
flat (公寓) flat (轮胎瘪了)t
loo (洗手间) restroom (洗手间)
brolly (雨伞) umbrella (雨伞)
lorrie (卡车) truck (卡车)
scheme (安排或是计划) scheme (密谋)
tea (晚饭或是下午茶) tea (就是茶)
pissed (喝醉) pissed (生气)
petrol (汽油) gasoline (汽油)
queue (排队) line (排队)

3. AWOL就是指"擅离职守、无故缺席",也可以指军队中"无故离队",全称为absent without leave或者absent without official leave。

UA(Unauthorized Absence)或者absence from duty也可以用来表示"擅自缺勤、擅离职守"。正式获批的休假则是leave of absence/authorized absence(特许缺勤;经批准缺勤)。

英语中有很多诸如AWOL这样的缩写,常见的比如ASAP(as soon as possible)、BTW(by the way)、TGIF(thank God it's Friday)、AFAIK(as far as I know)、FYI (for your information)、IOW(in other words)等等,

4. M: Where's that mean old man who lived across the street?
R: He kicked the bucket.
M: He's pushing up daisies?
R: He's off to Adios Park.
M: It's about time he cashed in his chips.
R: He's in Forever City.
M: I guess his number was up.
R: He's got his 15 minutes of flame.
M: May he rest in pieces.
R: Hey, there's no need to be mean.

Kicked the bucket: dead
Pushing up daisies: dead
Adios Park: dead
Cashed in his chips: dead
His number was up: dead
15 minutes of flame: dead
Rest in pieces: dead

5. >He did the dirty work on that project.
他在那个项目中做的是吃力不讨好的活儿。
>Sorry, I've got to get off the phone and get down to work.
对不起,我必须放下电话开始工作了。
>I made short work of the assignment and moved on to the next job.
我很快就完成了任务,开始下一项工作了。
>He works like a horse!
他工作非常努力!
>Don't worry about your problems. Everything will work out for the best.
别担心你的问题,所有的事情都会解决的。

6. Throw in face意思是?
答案:A.当面责备
例句:It's her fault. Just throw this problem in her face.
都怪她。倒
要当面问问她这事儿。

7. 'Donkey's years'
----------
我们有时会说猴年马月,指"很久以前"。英语中不说"猴年马月",却说"驴年",意思相近,都指"很久,很多年"。
请看例句:
I've been doing this job for donkey's years.
我做这工作都不知道做了多少年了。

8. keep nose clean意思是?
答案:B.不卷入是非
例句:John, if you don't learn how to keep your nose clean, you're going to end up in jail.
约翰,如果你不学会安分守己的话,早晚得进监狱。

9. 'Life of Riley'
----------
Riley(莱利)是爱尔兰人用的名字,在美国很普遍。一首英文歌里有Riley这个名字,讲的是一个神秘的爱尔兰人,他突然出乎意料地变得非常富有。现在人们用life of Riley这个习语表示"安逸的生活,无忧无虑的日子"。
请看例句:
Since Pat married a rich widow, he's been living the life of Riley.
帕特自从娶了一个有钱的寡妇,就过上了自由自在的安乐日子。

10. 'Up the wall'
----------
Up the wall字面的意思是"在墙头上"。骑在墙头上可不是件轻而易举的事儿,这也许就是这个习惯用语的出典。当然作为习惯用语,up the wall是一种比喻,用来描述令人受不了的情况,即我们常说的"快把我逼疯了"、"抓狂"的意思。Up the wall时常和动词drive搭配。我们说drive sb up the wall,就是形容把某人逼得实在受不了啦。
请看例句:
He kept staring at me, which drove me up the wall.
他一直盯着我看,快把我逼疯了。

11. from stem to stern意思是?
答案:A.彻头彻尾
例句:We overhauled the car from stem to stern.
我们给车进行了大修。

12. 老外说英文,和中国人说英文,通常很容易区分,因为老外经常会用一些表达方式使语言"活起来"。本期我们学习几句活灵活现的口语表达,让你的英语也活起来。
>That was a close call.
好险!
>Far from it.
远非如此。
>We're in the same boat.
我们处境相同。
>My mouth is watering.
我在流口水了。
>I'm not myself today.
我今天不在状态。
>It slipped my mind.
我走神了。

13. cut up rough意思是?
答案:A.大发脾气
例句:Dad cut up rough about me staying out all night.
因为我整晚未归,父亲大发雷霆。

14. A ball of fire意思是?
答案:A.干劲十足的人
例句:That guy is a real ball of fire when it comes to sales.
每当做起销售来,这个家伙就干劲十足。

15. 'Sick as a parrot'
----------
Sick as a parrot直译是"病得像鹦鹉一样",意译则是"很伤心"、"很失望"。这句话出自另一个成语:as sick as a parrot with a rubber beak(像一只喙软如胶的鹦鹉那么懊丧)。鹦鹉没有硬喙,怎么进食和自卫呢?这样的鹦鹉难免会有"心病"了,所以,sick as a parrrot就是"很伤心"或"很失望"。
请看例句:
He was cros
sed in love and became sick as a parrot.
他失恋了,伤心的很。

16. play by ear意思是?
A.滥竽充数 B.见机行事
C.唯命是从
答案:B.见机行事
例句:He never prepared his presentations. He always played things by ear.
他从来不准备发言稿,向来是见机行事。

17. Know a thing or two意思是?
答案:C.经验丰富
例句:My uncle grew up on a farm and knows a thing or two about looking after animals.
我叔叔是在农场里长大的,对饲养动物很有经验。

18. count your chickens before they're hatched: 出结果之前瞎想
let hair down: 放松
paint the town red: 狂欢

19. a stick-in-the-mud意思是?
答案:B.老顽固
例句:The young man next door is a stick-in-the-mud. He never goes out or has friends in.
隔壁屋的年轻人像个老古板,从来不出门,也不邀请朋友来家里。

20. A man of the world意思是?
答案:C.老于世故的人
例句:Bob is a man of the world; why not go to him for advice?
鲍勃是个通晓世故的人,去听听他的意见怎么样?

21. good-time Charlie意思是?
答案:A.乐天派
例句:He's a good-time Charlie, feeling no worries and anxieties.
他是个乐天派,总是无忧无虑。

22. 民生问题
livelihood issues
例句:
"Livelihood issues", including an improved social security system and the provision of affordable housing, remain the top concerns of Chinese people.
"民生问题"成为我国民众关注的焦点,比如改善社保体制、保障房供应等等。

23. 'Try to find my feet'
----------
如果有人对你说他正在"try to find my feet"(试着找到自己的脚),别惊慌,他不是什么无脚怪。Try to find my feet是个习惯用语,可理解为给自己找个落脚处,表示"我正在努力适应新环境"。

24. have the world at your feet意思是?
A.胸有成竹 B.周游世界
C.前程似锦
答案:C.前程似锦
例句:Only six months after her debut, this star already has the world at her feet.
出道才6个月的她,就已经红透半边天了。

25. In the chips
----------
Chip是作赌注用的圆形筹码。In the chips是一个美国俚语,表示"富有,有钱,生意兴隆"。就像一个人在跑马场赌钱,一天下来赚了很多钱;或者是指一个投资者,一年来,他买的股票总是赚钱的。我们来举一个例子,这是一个人在说一个开店的朋友,这个朋友开店的前几年生意很不好,后来情况有了好转:
Business was bad for Chen Gang after he started his shop, and the first 2 years he lost money. But he hung on, business picked up and he set up other shops. Now he's in the chips - he has enough money to last him the rest of his life.
陈刚开店后,生意很不好,头两年还亏了钱。但是,他坚持了下来,后来生意逐渐好起来,他又开了其它铺子。现在,他可有钱了,足够让他用一辈子。

26. 识
"骨"寻踪bone表达(2)。

>be bone idle 懒到家了,懒到极点了
The boy has a good enough brain but he's bone idle and won't study.
这个男孩脑子很好,但就是懒惰成性,不肯学习。

>close to the bone 近乎下流的,卑鄙的
Some of his jokes were a bit close to the bone.
他的有些笑话近乎下流。

>be chilled to the bone 冻僵了
You will be chilled to the bone without your overcoat.
要是不穿大衣你会感到寒气刺骨。

27. get your feet under the table意思是?
答案:B.熟悉新工作
例句:It's better to wait until you've got your feet firmly under the table before you make any big changes.
在你准备大干一场之前,最好先确认你已经完全适应了新工作。

28. not bat an eyelid意思是?
答案:C.泰然处之
例句:Sam didn't bat an eyelid when the mechanic told him how much the car repairs would cost.
当维修工告诉山姆这次修车花了他多少钱时,山姆摆出一副不动声色的样子。

29. Get the feel of意思是?
答案:B.习惯于
例句:This software is a little complicated to use, but you'll soon get the feel of it.
这个软件用起来有点儿复杂,不过你应该很快就会上手的。

30. Split the difference意思是?
答案:B.互相让步
例句:You want to sell for $$120, and I want to buy for $$100. Let's split the difference and close the deal at $$110.
你要卖120美元,我想100美元买下,咱俩各让一步,110美元成交吧。

31. follow in footsteps意思是?
答案:C.效法榜样
例句:He followed in his father's footsteps and went into the army.
他子承父业,参了军。

32. 'Bury the hatchet'
---------
Hatchet(短柄小斧)原指印第安人的一种兵器,后来,战事结束后,兵器被埋到了地里,表示天下从此和平。该短语后被用到日常生活中,泛指"摈弃前嫌,言归于好"。举个例子,话说两家邻居总是摩擦不断,于是一方邀请另一方到自家后院一起做烧烤。
"Cooking our food outdoors and sitting down to eat together with our kids helped bury the hatchet - now we say good morning, visit back and forth, and are friendly to each."
"在户外烧烤食品,然后和孩子们一起坐下分享促使我们前嫌尽释,休战议和了。如今我们不但见面问好,还互相走动拜访。"

33. 'Not worth a lick'
----------
Lick这个词看起来简单,表达的意思却多种多样。它在很多短语里都有"一丁点儿、微乎其微"的意思,而且既可以表示具体数量的少,也可以描述抽象概念上的渺小和微不足道。在not worth a lick这个习惯用语里,显然lick是当名词用了。该习语意思是"一点儿都不中用"或者"毫无价值"。
请看例句:
Joe can't hold a job and I hate to say that he isn't worth a lick.
乔什么工作也保不住,我实在不想说这话,但他实在太不中用了。

34. 'Like a d
onkey between two bundles of hay'
----------
想象一下,一头站在"两堆干草中间"(between two bundles of hay)的"驴"(donkey)会是啥状况?左右为难嘛!不知道该先选哪一堆干草吃。所以这个短语的意思就是"优柔寡断,在两种抉择中打不定主意"。
请看例句:
He is always indecisive, like a donkey between two bundles of hay.
他经常犹豫不决、优柔寡断。

35. 'Catbird seat'
------------
猫鹊产于北美,叫声似猫,一般栖息在树头最高枝,美国人于是用catbird seat来比喻"显要职位或有利形势"。19世纪,美国著名棒球评论员巴伯(Red Barber)跟人玩纸牌,牌运比较差,却一再加注。对手的牌很好,也跟着加注,结果巴伯输了。对手说:Thank you for all those raises. From the start I was sitting in the catbird seat.(谢谢你一再加注,其实我是一开始就占了上风的。)后来,巴伯评论球赛的时候,就常常用(sit) in the catbird seat来形容占优势的球队,于是这个成语变得家喻户晓。
请看例句:
The board of directors decided to put him in the catbird seat.
董事会决定让他担任要职。

36. all over the shop意思是?
答案:B.杂乱
例句:His clothes were all over the shop and the whole house was in a mess.
他的衣服扔的到处都是,整个屋子乱七八糟。

37. Make all the right noises意思是?
答案:C.正中下怀
例句:He made all the right noises about my audition, but I couldn't tell if he was genuinely impressed.
看过我的试镜后,他给了很多好评,我很受用。但我不能确定他是否真得觉得我不错。

38. Fork in the road意思是?
答案:C.岔路口
例句:I reach a fork in the road between going to work or to the graduate school.
我目前面临着一个岔路口,是工作还是读研究生。

39. In the prime of life意思是?
答案:B.壮年时期
例句:The good health of one's youth can carry over into the prime of life.
青年时期健康的体魄会让人一直受益到壮年。

40. wallowing in self-pity: 自暴自弃
back-to-work blues: 节后综合症,返工抑郁症
Mr Know-it-all: 万事通先生,通常是讽刺的意思

41. dip into your pocket意思是?
答案:B.自掏腰包
例句:Parents of young children have to dig deep into their pockets at festival time.
家里有小孩儿的父母逢年过节都得有一笔不小的开销。

42. 英语口语中有很多围绕"心"而形成的俗语,本期我们来学习一下。
>His heart was in his boots as he waited for news of the accident.
在等待那场事故的消息时,他很紧张。
>Don't let your heart rule your head. If you lend him that money you'll never see it again.
别感情用事,你借给他钱就有去无回了。
>I hope to win her heart and make her my bride.
我希望能赢得她的芳心,娶她做新娘。
>What the eye doesn't see, the heart doesn'
t grieve over.
眼不见心不烦。

43. 口语中关于"香蕉"的表达
>bananas 发疯的、神经错乱的(相当于crazy)
The noise drives them bananas.
那噪音让他们抓狂。

>go bananas 发疯、神经错乱(相当于become crazy)
She went bananas when she found him cheating.
她发现他出轨时气得要命。

>big/top banana 主要人物、大老板、最好的演员或重要的官员
He's the top banana in this company.
他是这家公司的大老板。

44. That'll be the day意思是?
答案:A.那不可能
例句:A raise in pay? That'll be the day!
加薪?那不可能!

45. 精彩口语从本期内容开始*^_^*
1)别人征求你的意见,问能否开窗户等,你要说"You can do that"就有点土了,用"Why not?"会好些。问他人的姓名、地址可以这么用:"May I have your name?"要比"What's your name?"礼貌得多,不过警察例外。

2)别人问你不愿公开的问题,切勿用"It's my secret. Don't ask such a personal question."回答,一来显得你没有个性,二来也让对方尴尬。你可以说"I would rather not say."(还是别说了吧!)。

3)有时候,你想说什么,可是想不起来,你可以说"well"、"let me see"、"just a moment"或"It's on the tip of my tongue."等,相比之下,最后一个句型是最地道的。

46. 'Talk of the town'
----------
Talk of the town这个习语的意思不难猜测。如果一个话题成为小镇中人人都热衷谈论的事情,那么这件事情一定是激起了人们无限的好奇心,以致被传得沸沸扬扬,满城风雨。所以,talk of the town的话题是激起人们强烈兴趣或好奇心的事件、丑闻或者桃色新闻,而且往往是流言蜚语。
请看例句:
Pete, want to hear the talk of the town these days?
皮特,想听听最近传得满城风雨的事件吗?

47. 交谈时,你可能会转换话题,这时不要只说"by the way"。实际上,"to change the subject"、"before I forget"、"while I remember"、"mind you"都是既地道又受欢迎的表达。

遇到你不懂的问题时可别不懂装懂,"I know"可能是中国人用得最多,而美国人最不能接受的一句话。当美国教师向你解释某个问题时,你如果连说两遍"I know",我敢保证,他不会再跟你说什么了。用"I got it."就顺耳得多,要是不懂就说"I'm not clear about it."不过如果你会说"It's past my understanding."或"It's beyond me."你的教师定会惊讶不已的。

48. Pipe down
----------
英语中,有一些单词和短语,特别是一些专业术语,其表面意思与实际意思相差甚远,比如航海术语weigh anchor的意思并不是指称(weigh)一下锚(anchor)的重量,而是指"起锚"。短语pipe down也是如此。Pipe down的意思是"静下来,使安坐",现在家长或老师常用它来训斥那些不守规矩闹哄哄的小孩。但许多人却不知道,这个短语也来源于航
海业。Pipe指的是商船水手长的小哨子。当水手长吹响哨子的时候,就表示让水手们停工或解散队列。当水手们离开之后,甲板上就突然变得寂静起来。后来,pipe down逐渐变成了航海行话,意指"安静下来,闭嘴"。到19世纪末,pipe down逐渐从航海术语渗透到生活其它方面,被赋予现代用法。
请看例句:
Pipe down! I'm trying to listen to the news.
不要讲话了!我在听新闻。

49. have a charley horse意思是?
答案:B.抽筋
例句:Don't touch me. I've got a charley horse on the leg.
别碰我,我腿抽筋了。

50. Give a thick ear意思是?
答案:C.海扁一顿
例句:My father will give me a thick ear if I tell a lie.
我要是撒谎的话,父亲会狠狠揍我的。

51. Busybody意思是?
答案:B.好事的人
例句:I don't want to sound like a busybody, but didn't you plan to go abroad?
我并不想瞎打听,可你原来不是打算出国的吗?

52. 1)如果别人在你旁边啰嗦个没完,你感到厌烦了,说"You are so boring"(你真烦!)、"Shut up!"(闭嘴!)自然没错,可人家受得了吗?不如来一句"Oh, come on, give me a break!"(帮帮忙,让我歇歇吧!)。

2)要想说人"气色好","You look fine!"当然不错,可如果你说"You're in the pink!"就妙得多了。实际上,在英语口语中,表示颜色的词用起来非常形象生动。

3)"他精力充沛"美国人说:"He is bouncy."而不说"He is energetic"。

53. Dead president意思是?
答案:A.美元
例句:Even the least expensive iPod accessories cost twenty dead presidents.
即使最便宜的iPod配件也得20美元呢。

54. 'Double talk'
----------
Double有两面、双重的意思,手腕高强的政客在被问及易引起争议的问题时,会采用double talk,也就是含糊其辞,让听的人摸不着头脑。
请看例句:
Someone asked the candidate whether he'd vote to cut taxes. He gave the crowd a lot of double-talk which left us arguing whether his answer was a yes or a no.
有人问侯选人他是否会投票赞成为我们减税。他说了一大堆模棱两可、含糊其辞的话,结果大家事后不断争论他究竟回答了"是"还是"否"。

55. Confidence man意思是?
答案:C.骗取信任的人
例句:Protect yourself from some confidence man's moonshine.
保护好自己,别相信骗子的胡说八道。

56. steam someone's beam意思是?
答案:A.惹恼某人
例句:Being stood up really steams my beam!
被人放鸽子让我火冒三丈!

57. 什么是Fish wife?
所谓卖鱼人的老婆是指嗓门大的女人。一般渔民家庭中丈夫出海捕鱼,妻子在市场高声叫卖。久而久之,人们就开始用fish wife这种说法形容说话嗓门儿很大的女人。

58. 'Damon and Pythias'
----------
该习语多译为"生死之交",来源于希腊神话。Damon和Pythias是好朋友。Pythias出
事被判了死刑,为了使他能够回家探亲,Damon留在牢中作人质,如果Pythias不按时返回,就处死Damon。临刑之际,Pythias及时赶回。国王深受感动,将二人全部释放,因此,人们常用Damon and Pythias指代"生死之交"。
请看例句:
It is only through hardships and disasters that a friendship of Damon and Pythias can manifest itself.
只有经历过艰辛和灾难,才可以彰显出真正的友谊。

59. Under a cloud意思是?
答案:A.受嫌疑
例句:Someone lost some money in the office, and now everyone is under a cloud of suspicion.
有人在办公室丢了钱,结果现在人人都成了被怀疑对象。

60. 'Skeleton key'
----------
大家早知道key是钥匙,有一种钥匙锉去了大部分金属材料而变得特别细长,能插进大多数的钥匙孔,并能在其中灵活旋转把锁打开。这就是skeleton key,也就是专门用来开各种不同锁的万能钥匙。请看例句:
Saturday night my girlfriend and I went to a movie. But when we came back and found out I'd been dumb enough to lock the keys in my car, I had to get a locksmith with a bunch of skeleton keys. One of them worked and we could open the car and drive home.
星期六晚上我和女朋友一起看了场电影。但是回家时却发现自己笨得把钥匙锁在车里了,于是我不得不请锁匠拿来一串万能钥匙,其中一把打开了车锁,我们才能开车回家。

61. 'Ugly customer'
----------
丑陋的顾客?不能以貌取人嘛。Ugly是ugly behavior(行为丑恶)的意思,指使用暴力威胁他人。Customer原意为"顾客",这里表示"一沾上边就会有麻烦的人"。所以这个短语的意思就是"危险的家伙,难以对付的家伙"。
请看例句:
When he starts drinking, he can become an ugly customer.
他一喝酒就会大吵大闹,真令人没办法。

62. chew the rag意思是?
答案:C.闲聊
例句:The two ladies began to chew the rag.
两位女士开始了没完没了的闲聊。

63. Ladies' man意思是?
答案:B.有女人缘的男人
例句:John is a real ladies' man.
约翰很有女人缘儿。

64. The China Compulsory Certificate (CCC) is a compulsory safety mark for many products sold on the Chinese market.
3C认证即"强制性产品认证制度",是政府为加强对在华销售产品的安全管理,依法实施的一种产品合格评定制度。

65. Officials in Guangzhou will have to pay when they want to use their government cars for private purposes later this year.
今年晚些时候,广州市想要公车私用的官员将需要支付一定的费用。

文中的use government cars for private purposes就是指"公车私用",也可以用private use of government vehicles来表示。Government vehicles/official cars就是指"公车",是指由政府财政为各级党政机关及事业单位工作人员执行公务需要所配备的车辆。此外,广州市
还将对公车配备Global Positioning Systems (GPS) devices(GPS跟踪系统)。

当地官员需要pay for the use of official cars(有偿使用公车),这一政策不但能够reduce government spending(减少政府开支),同时还能ease traffic congestion(缓解交通拥堵)。

66. >Spain worst place to live
西班牙被评最不宜居国
Spain is the worst place to live and work out of the 34 members of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), followed by the UK, according to a survey by Demos and PwC. Norway, Germany and the Netherlands came highest in the survey with low unemployment, low average hours, low carbon emissions and a high national savings rate.
一项由德莫斯和普华永道联合发起的调查显示,在经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的34个成员国中,西班牙是最不适宜居住和工作的国家,其次是英国。最适宜居住和工作的地方是挪威、德国和荷兰,这几个国家的失业率、平均工作时长和碳排放量都更低,而国民储蓄率则相对较高。

[背景链接]
经济合作与发展组织(OECD)是由市场经济国家组成的政府间国际经济组织。成立于1961年,目前有34个成员国,总部设在巴黎。中国、俄罗斯、印度、巴西均不是该组织成员国。

请看新华社的报道:

67. Food safety watchdog said Sunday the workshop in Wenzhou was suspected of producing thousands of steamed buns containing illegal yellow coloring every day for the past two months. Some of the tainted steamed buns were supplied to a local school.
食品安全监察机构周日称,温州这一作坊涉嫌在过去两个月内每日制作数千个含有非法黄色染料的馒头。部分染色馒头还被供应到当地的一所学校。

在上面的报道中,tainted steamed buns字面意思为"被污染的馒头",具体所指的就是"染色馒头",有些报道中也用dyed steamed bun来表示。染色馒头是通过回收馒头再加上artificial coloring(人工色素)而做出来的。温州警方日前已查处一个unlicensed steamed bun workshop(无证馒头作坊)。作坊往馒头里添加的黄色染料是为了将其当作corn flour buns(玉米馒头)来卖。

馒头属于fermentable food(发酵食品),是中国人、尤其是北方人的staple(主食)之一,其他主食还有steamed stuffed bun(包子)、steamed bread roll(花卷)等。传统的中式早餐一般都包括deep-fried dough sticks(油条)和soybean milk(豆浆)。

68. fantabulous: fantastic and fabulous太棒了
Spring Festival rush: 春运
hectic: 繁忙混乱的
extended family members: 游子

69. 'Front money'
----------
作为习惯用语,front money的意思是"头款"。这是指开办新企业时所需要的钱。Front money也可以指开始进行一笔交易时先要付的一笔钱,也就是定金。这笔钱能够保证你今后有参与这笔交易的权利。
请看例句:
I can see the fut
ure of that computer software company will be very profitable and I would very much like to invest in it. But the group wants me to pay a large sum of front money which I can't afford.
我能够预见,那个电脑软件公司将来会有很大收益的。我很想在这方面投资。但是,那些人要我付一大笔定金,而我又没有那么多的钱。

70. 随着上海迪士尼乐园项目的破土动工,迪士尼旗下其它业务开始尝试以最直接的方式进入中国。1月25日,迪士尼公司宣布,将于2012年年中在国内开首家迪士尼专营店。这将是华特迪士尼公司首家在中国全资所有直营的零售门店。

请看《中国日报》的报道:

Walt Disney Co said on Tuesday that it will open its first direct-sale store in China by mid-2012.
迪士尼公司本周二宣布,将于2012年年中在中国大陆开设首家迪士尼直营店。

文中的direct-sale store就是指"直营店",指连锁公司的店铺均由公司总部投资或控股,在总部的直接领导下统一经营。和"直营"非常容易混淆的一个概念是"直销",就是生产商将产品直接销售给消费者,和wholesale(批发)、retail(零售)一同属于分销的三种形式,比如我们平时说的factory shop(厂家直销店)。

年轻人喜欢去outlet store(工厂店)买东西,就是工厂直销店,是一些大型服装工厂利用工厂仓库销售品牌存货,为了节省成本,直接在他们的仓库中建立起来的。

此外,常见的几种店铺形式还有chain store(连锁店)、flagship store(旗舰店)、franchised store(特许经营店)、pro shop(专业店)、exclusive shop(专卖店)等等。

71. An Italian environmental group warned on Monday that mass tourism was slowly eroding the Venice lagoon, which it said was also threatened by major real estate development and an inadequate transportation network.
一个意大利环保组织周一警告说,大众旅游正在慢慢侵蚀威尼斯泻湖,房地产业的发展和交通网络的不完善也对威尼斯泻湖形成了威胁。

意大利非政府环保组织Nostra警告说,大量游人正在慢慢侵蚀威尼斯泻湖(the Venice lagoon)。为此Nostra建议大幅削减旅游团的数量。上文报道中的mass tourism就是"大众旅游",指的是现代旅游活动开始形成的以有组织的团体包价旅游为代表的大众型旅游模式,并且形成广大民众中占支配地位的旅游形式。常见的大众旅游形式是package tour/group tour/organized tour(跟团旅游)。

近日大陆开放了travel across the Taiwan Straits as individual tourists(赴台个人游),赴台个人游的游客被称为individual tourist/ free walker(自由行游客)。

72. >TV ads further limited
电视剧间广告有望缩短
The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) is planning to take further action to limit advertising on TV, a SARFT spokesman said Tues
day, reported. SARFT will take measures to shorten the advertisement time before or after an episode in a TV series. SARFT's next move will also be aimed at advertising time between 2 episodes. Local TV stations have already implemented the policy of cancelling advertisements inserted into episodes by the start of 2012, according to the spokesman.
据新华网报道,广电总局新闻发言人10日表示,从元旦以来各地电视台的播出情况看,取消每集电视剧中间插播广告的政策得到了有效执行,广电总局下一步将解决电视台每集电视剧前后或者两集电视剧之间广告时间偏长的问题。

73. 基础四国
BASIC countries
例句:
Brazil, South Africa, India and China, known as "BASIC countries", remained united over major issues in relation to climate change.
"基础四国",即巴西、南非、印度和中国,在气候变化主要议题上保持立场一致。


74. The BRICS countries - originally Brazil, Russia, India, and China, and now South Africa - have turned out to be a source of global economic development and essential to future generations.
金砖国家(巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、以及新加入的南非)已成为全球经济发展的动力,对未来的发展至关重要。

文中的BRICS countries就是指"金砖国家","金砖四国"(BRIC)这一概念由美国高盛公司首席经济师吉姆?奥尼尔于2001年首次提出。BRIC引用了巴西(Brizal)、俄罗斯(Russia)、印度(India)和中国(China)的英文首字母。由于该词与英语单词的砖(Brick)类似,因此被称为"金砖四国"。南非(South Africa)加入后,该词变为"BRICS",并改称为"金砖国家"。

75. 目前,全球经济中心正在从传统的industrialized economies(工业国家)向以"金砖国家"为代表的emerging economies(新兴经济体)转移。Emerging用来形容"新兴的、新出现的",比如emerging market(新兴市场)、emerging technology(新兴技术)、emerging industries(新兴产业)。另外,burgeoning也常用来形容"萌芽的、新兴的",而start-up则指新企业或工程"开办阶段的,启动时期的",如start-up capital(启动资金)。

76. 下面我们再来总结一下常见的几种住房类型的说法:

商品房:commercial residential building
廉租房:low-rent housing
经适房:affordable housing
限价房:price-fixed housing
人才保障房:social security housing for talents
保障性住房:indemnificatory housing
公共租赁住房/公租房:public rental housing

77. Stinky tofu: 臭豆腐
Suffocating: 让人窒息的
Raise a toast: 提议大家走一个,祝酒
Clink: 碰杯
Rim: 杯沿
Get on with it: 早完事儿早解脱

78. >Classics made compulsory
'四书'列为台湾高中必选
Taiwan education authorities have made the Four Books the main contents of "Basic Chinese Culture", a required subject for senior high school students, za
reported. A senior education official said the subject aims to improve students' morals and will not be tested in any exams. The Four Books of Confucianism are Chinese classic texts. They are: Great Learning, Doctrine of the Mean, Analects of Confucius and Mencius.
据早报网报道,台湾当局"教育部"日前将《四书》作为"中华文化基本教材"的主要内容,并列为高中生的"必选"科目。一位高级教育官员表示,该课程目的在提升学生的品德教育,不列入考试范围。《四书》是中国儒家学说的经典之作,包括《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》。

79. Elaborate: 复杂的,精心制作的。
Sautéing: 煸或是煎。干煸豆角,有木有?就是这个动词。
Braised: 用文火炖到全熟。
Glutinous: 粘糊糊的,有胶质的

80. The central bank raised interest rates on Tuesday, for the second time this year, to tackle inflation and asset bubbles in the world's fastest-growing major economy. Since the beginning of last year, China has raised the bank reserve requirement nine times to soak up liquidity.
央行本周二宣布年内第二次加息,以应对中国作为世界发展最迅速的主要经济体面临的通胀和资产泡沫问题。自去年始,中国已九次上调存款准备金率,以回收流动性。

文中的soak up liquidity就是指"回收流动性",采取这一措施时,必然已经出现了excessive liquidity(流动性过剩)。这里的liquidity就是指整个宏观经济的流动性,即在经济体系中货币的投放量的多少。

"回收流动性"就是指,当市场中的货币投放量过多时,央行通过提高存款准备金率和利率回收一部分货币,以避免出现严重的通货膨胀。Excessive liquidity就是指货币投放量过多,这些多余的资金需要寻找投资出路,于是就有了overheated investment growth(投资/经济过热)现象,以及inflation(通货膨胀)的危险。

文中的asset bubbles就是指"资产泡沫"。经济学中还常用asset price bubble和bubble economy分别来表示"资产价格泡沫"和"泡沫经济"。Bank reserve requirement(存款准备金)就是指是指金融机构为保证客户提取存款和资金清算需要而准备的在中央银行的存款。存款准备金占其存款总额的比例就是required reserve ratio(存款准备金率)。

81. 下面就向大家详细介绍一下英国的荣誉头衔:

世袭贵族(Hereditary peerage):现在已经很少授予王室以外的公众人士。自从英国国会在1999年通过新法例以后,受封者不会再自动成为上议院成员。分为五个级别:Duke(公爵)、Marquis(侯爵)、Earl(伯爵)、Viscount(子爵)和Baron(男爵)。

终身贵族(Life peerage):所有终身贵族都拥有男爵的爵位,并且都是上议院成员。终身贵族的爵位不能继承。一些人获封为终身贵族并不是由于他的成就,而是
通过册封让他可以进入上议院,比如大法官等。

从男爵爵位(Baronetcy):与骑士爵位类似,但从男爵爵位可以世袭,却并不属于贵族。获册封后或世袭继承爵位后,从男爵名字前可冠以Sir(爵士)的尊称,名字后配以"Bt."的头衔,女性则在名字前冠以Dame(女爵士)的尊称并在名字后配以"Btss."的头衔。

骑士爵位(Knighthood):从中世纪的骑士制度流传下来,册封后名字前可冠以Sir/Dame(爵士/女爵士)的尊称。骑士爵位有两种册封方法:第一种是爵士级骑士勋章,一般授予受动骑士团的成员;第二种为下级勋位爵士(Knight Bachelor),大多是最高法院的法官,只有男性能获得这种册封。

其它等级、荣誉或奖章:获册封者没有"Sir"或"Dame"的尊称,但是可以在名字后面加入荣誉头衔的英文字母缩写。

82. master's degree: 研究生学历
sits on the fence: 举棋不定,想法太多
employment situation: 就业形势
fresh graduates: 应届生
quarterlife crisis: 青年危机

83. 请看《中国日报》的报道:
The blue book shows the average yearly income was RMB26,800 in 2009, equivalent to RMB2,233 a month. The figures do not include bonuses, overtime payments or social security contributions, unlike those released by the Beijing Bureau of Statistics last July that set the average wage at RMB48,444.
蓝皮书显示,2009年北京职工平均年收入为2.68万元,合月均2233元。和北京市统计局去年7月发布的平均年工资收入(4.84万元)不同,这一数据不包括奖金、加班费或社会保障缴款。

一个普通职工的收入中,除了工资外,还有bonus(奖金)、overtime payments(加班费)、subsidies(补贴)等等。蓝皮书指出当前北京职工的gap in work wages(工资收入差距)还在不断扩大中。英文中常用来表达"收入差距"的短语有income divide和income disparity,其中后者着重强调"因不公平对待而产生的差距"。

然而,困扰普通职工的除了低工资外,还有consumer price index(CPI,消费物价指数)的攀升和高房价。许多职工必须cut back on meals and clothes(节衣缩食)才能支付housing loan repayments(房贷)。此外,蓝皮书显示,北京的housing space per capita(人均居住面积)只相当于纽约、东京、伦敦等城市的一半。



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