风叶林-嗟怎么读

【quiz6 Pragmatics】
1.单选题： What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.
A. reference
B. speech act
C. practical usage
D. context
参考答案： D
2.单选题： According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is ______.
A. to get the hearer to do something
B. to commit the speaker to something’s being the case
C. to commit the speaker to some future course of action
D. to express the feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairs
参考答案： B
3.填空题： A(n) _______ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.
参考答案： locutionary
4.单选题： A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.
A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. mental D. conceptual
参考答案： B
5.填空题： A(n) _______ act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.
参考答案： illocutionary
6.填空题： There are four maxims under the cooperative principle: the maxim of _______, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.
参考答案： quantity
7.判断题： The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
8.填空题： _______ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.
参考答案： Performatives
9.判断题： It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered.
正确 错误
参考答案： 正确
10.单选题： When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might arise.
A. impoliteness B. contradictions
C. mutual understanding D. conversational implicatures
参考答案： D
11.判断题： The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
12.填空题： A(n) _______ is to express feelings or attitude towards an existing state.
参考答案： expressive
13.填空题：_______ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.
参考答案： Constatives
14.判断题： Utterances always take the form of complete sentences.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
15.判断题： Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
16.单选题： All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ __________.
A. in their illocutionary acts
B. in their intentions expressed
C. in their strength or force
D. in their effect brought about
参考答案： C
17.单选题： If we think of a sentence as wha
t people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _________.
A. constative
B. directive
C. utterance
D. expressive
参考答案： C
18.判断题： Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
19.单选题： __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.
A. A locutionary act
B. An illocutionary act
C. A perlocutionary act
D. A performative act
参考答案： C
20.填空题： A(n) _______ is commit the speaker himself to some future course of action.
参考答案： commissive
21.判断题： What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.
正确 错误
参考答案： 正确


【quiz5 semantics】
1.填空题： _______ opposites may be seen in terms of degrees of the quality involved.
参考答案： Gradable
2.单选题： The semantic components of the word “man” can be expressed as________.
A. +human, +male, -adult
B. +human, -male, -adult
C. +human, +male, +adult
D. +human, -male, +adult
参考答案： C
3.填空题： _______ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.
参考答案： componential
4.单选题： A word with several meaning is called___________.
A. an abnormal word
B. a polysemic word
C. a synonymous word
D. None of the above
参考答案： B
5.单选题： What is the meaning relationship between the two words “flower/tulip”?
A. Polysemy
B. Homonymy
C. Hyponymy
D. Antonymy
参考答案： C
6.填空题： The semantic component of the word _______ are +Human, +Adult, +male, -Married.
参考答案： bachelor
7.填空题： According to the “semantic triangle” presented by Ogden and Richards, the symbol or _______ refers to the linguistic elements(words, sentences, etc.), the _______ refers to the object in the world of experience and the thought or reference refers to concept.
参考答案： form referent
8.单选题： We call the relation between “animal” and “cow” as___________.
A. polysemy
B. antonymy
C. homophony
D. hyponymy
参考答案： D
9.单选题： Which description of componential analysis for the word “woman” is right?
A. +human, -adult, -male
B. +human, +adult, -male
C. +human, +adult, +male
D. +human, -adult, +male
参考答案： B
10.单选题： What is the meaning relationship between the two words “rose/tulip”?
A. polysemy B. hyponymy C. homophony D. co-hyponyms
参考答案： D
11.单选题： The pair of words “wide/narrow” are called__________.
A. gradable opposites
B. complementary antonyms
C. co-hyponyms

D. relational opposites
参考答案： A
12.单选题： The pair of words “borrow/lend” are called __________.
A. relational opposites
B. synonyms
C. complementaries
D. gradable opposites
参考答案： A


【quiz4-syntax】
1.填空题： Words which introduce the sentence complement are termed ______
参考答案： complementizers
2.判断题： Minor lexical categories are open because these categories are not fixed and new members are allowed for.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
3.填空题： ______is "a syntactic unit that functions as part of a larger unit within a sentence"
参考答案： Constituent
4.填空题： There are two levels of syntactic structures. The first, formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s sub-categorization properties, is called ______. The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called ______.
参考答案： deep structure surface structure
5.填空题： Infl is the short form of ______, an abstract category which indicates ______ and ______.
参考答案： inflection tense agreement
6.填空题： Major lexical categories play a very important role in sentence formation. They differ from minor lexical categories in that they are often ______ assumed to be the around which phrases are built.
参考答案： heads
7.判断题： In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
8.判断题： A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.
正确 错误
参考答案： 正确
9.填空题： ______ is the inversion operation involving the movement of a word from the head position in one phrase into the head position in another phrase.
参考答案： head movement
10.填空题： Sentence head---- ______ position can be taken by an ______ or an abstract category encoded in a verb which indicates the sentence’s ______.
参考答案： Infl auxiliary tense
11.填空题： Syntax is ______ that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the ______ the formation of sentences.
参考答案： a branch of linguistics rules that govern
12.判断题： Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.
正确 错误
参考答案： 正确
13.判断题： In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
正确 错误
参考答案： 正确
14.判断题： The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
正确 错误
参考答案： 正确
15.填空题
： the XP rule (revised): XP--> ______ + ______ + ______
参考答案：(Specifier) X (Complement*)
16.填空题： Wh-movement: Move a wh-phrase to the position under CP.
参考答案： specifier


【quiz3 Morphology】
1.填空题： Bound morphemes are classified into two types: ______ and ______.
参考答案： derivational morphemes inflectional morphemes
2.填空题： ______is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of shortening.
参考答案： Back-formation
3.单选题： The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and __________.
A. derivational affix
B. inflectional affix
C. infix
D. back-formation
参考答案： C
4.单选题： Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.
A. content words
B. grammatical words
C. function words
D. form words
参考答案： A
5.填空题： ______is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its inflectional endings by the end of the Middle English period, which facilitated the use of words interchangeably as verbs or nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa.
参考答案： Conversion
6.单选题： __________ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.
A. affixation
B. back-formation
C. insertion
D. addition
参考答案： B
7.填空题： A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to ______class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs belong to______ class.
参考答案： closed open
8.单选题： The words like smog and motel are formed by __________.
A. blending
B. clipping
C. back-formation
D. acronymy
参考答案： A
9.单选题： In English –ise and –tion are called __________.
A. prefixes B. suffixes C. infixes D. stems
参考答案： B
10.填空题： A word formed by derivation is called a ______, and a word formed by compounding is called a ______.
参考答案： derivative compound
11.单选题： The word DINK is formed in the way of __________.
A. acronymy
B. clipping
C. compounding
D. blending
参考答案： A
12.单选题： There are __________ morphemes in the word denationalization.
A. three B. four C. five D. six
参考答案： C
13.单选题： Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.
A. inflectional B. free C. bound D. derivational
参考答案： A

【quiz2 phonology】
测试总分： 18 分
【jenny1027】的测试概况：(得分： 18 分)

1.填空题： In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating _______
参考答案： minimal pairs

2.填空题： Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to p
roduce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the coming ______from the lungs.
参考答案： air stream

3.判断题： According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into long vs. short or tense vs. lax.
正确 错误
参考答案： 正确

4.判断题： In English, all the back vowels are rounded.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
5.填空题： In English there are a number of_________, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.
参考答案： diphthongs
6.填空题： According to the feature of voicing, consonant sounds can be either ____ or ____ , while all vowel sounds are ____ .
参考答案： voiced voiceless voiced
7.单选题： Pitch variation is known as __________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.
A. intonation
B. tone
C. pronunciation
D. voice
参考答案： A
8.单选题： Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?
A. [n]
B. [m]
C. [b]
D. [p]
参考答案： A

9.判断题： In English, all the front vowels and the central vowels are unrounded.
正确 错误
参考答案： 正确
10.单选题： Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?
A. Acoustic phonetics
B. Articulatory phonetics
C. Auditory phonetics
D. None of the above
参考答案： B
11.单选题： What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?
A. Voiceless
B. Voiced
C. Glottal stop
D. Consonant
参考答案： B
12.填空题： Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without ______ .
参考答案： obstruction

13.判断题： Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.
正确 错误
参考答案： 正确

14.判断题： [p] is a voiced bilabial stop.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误

15.判断题： Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误

16.单选题： Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?
A. [i:]
B. [u]
C. [e]
D. [i]
参考答案： B


【quiz1 introduction】
1.判断题： We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
2.单选题： __________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.
A. Linguistic theory
B. Practical linguistics
C. Comparative linguistics
D. Applied linguistics
参考答案： D
3.单选题： Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________
A. contact
B. communicati
on
C. relation
D. community
参考答案： B
4.判断题： Only human beings are able to communicate.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
5.填空题： Saussure put forward two important concepts. _____refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.
参考答案： langue
6.判断题： The conventional nature of language is illustrated by a famous quotation from Shakespear’s play Romeo and Juliet: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”.
正确 错误
参考答案： 正确
7.填空题： Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s_______
参考答案： competence
8.判断题： Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
9.填空题： The description of a language as it changes through time is a _______ study.
参考答案： diachronic
10.填空题： Linguistics is the______ study of language.
参考答案： scientific
11.填空题： One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _______ over writing.
参考答案： speech
12.填空题： Modern linguistics is _______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.
参考答案： descriptive
13.单选题： Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?
A. tree
B. typewriter
C. crash
D. bang
参考答案： A
14.判断题： F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
15.单选题： __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.
A. Performance
B. Competence
C. Langue
D. Parole
参考答案： A
16.判断题： Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.
正确 错误
参考答案： 错误
17.单选题： Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?
A. Transferability
B. Duality
C. Displacement
D. Arbitrariness
参考答案： C

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