英语语言学期末考试题
山东工会管理干部学院-幼儿园教师发言稿
I. Directions: Read each of the
following statements
carefully. Decide
which one of the four choices best completes
the
statement and put the
letter A, B, C
or D in the brackets. (2.5%×10=25%)
1、As
modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze
the
language people actually use, and not to
lay down rules for
it is said to be ___.
A、 prescriptive
B、 sociolinguistic
C、 descriptive
D、 psycholinguistic
2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ isare
the most flexible.
A、 mouth
B、 lips
C、 tongue
D、 vocal cords
3、The morpheme
is a(n) ___.
A、 bound morpheme
B、 bound form
C、 inflectional morpheme
D、 free morpheme
4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to
the introductory
word that
introduces the
embedded clause.
A、 coordinator
B、
particle
C、 preposition
D、
subordinator
主从连词
5、
A、 is
synonymous with
B、 is inconsistent with
C、 entails
D、 presupposes
6、The
branch of linguistics that studies how context
influences the way speakers
interpret sentences is called
___.
A、
semantics
B、 pragmatics
C、
sociolinguistics
D、 psycholinguistics
7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in
part, as
analogic changes, which are ___ or
generalization
泛化
.
A、 elaboration
B、 simplification
精简
C、
external borrowing
D、 internal borrowing
8、___ refers to a marginal language of
few lexical items
and straightforward
grammatical rules, used as a medium
of
communication.
A、 Lingua franca
通用语
B、 Creole
C、 Pidgin
D、 Standard
language
标准语言
9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists
have
concluded that, in addition to the motor
area which is
responsible for physical
articulation of utterances, three
areas of the
left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .
A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the
angular gyrus
角回
B、 Broca's area,
Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex
C、
Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons
D、
Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area
10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to
the gradual and
subconcious development of
ability in the first language by
using it
naturally in daily communicative situations.
A、 learning
B、 competence
C、
performance
D、 acquisition
II. Short answer questions(15%x3=45%)
1.
what features of language do you think should be
included in a good, comprehensive definition
of language?
Language is a rule-governed
system.
Language is basically vocal.
Language is arbitrary.
Language is used
for human communication.
2. what are the
major individual factors for SLA?
The
acquisition of a second language is dependent on a
combination of rate and ultimate success in
SLA are also affected by individual learner
factors.
(1)The early years of one’s life
before puberty;
(2)They must have strong
motivation, instrumental or
integrative;
(3)The extent to which learners differ in the
process of
adapting to the new culture of the
L2 community, that is ,
acculturation.
(4)Learner’s personality.
briefly your understanding of the differences
between the term acquisition and the term
learning in
language acquisition study?
⑴The distinction between acquisition and
learning was
proposed by the American SLA
scholar Stephen Krashen
on the assumption that
they are different processes.
⑵Acquisition
refers to the gradual and subconscious
development of ability in the first language
by using it
naturally in daily communicative
situations.
⑶Learning is defined as a
conscious process of
accumulating knowledge of
a second language usually
obtained in school
settings.
⑷It’s recognized that children
acquired their native
language without
explicit learning, which a second
language is
more commonly learned but to some degree
may
also be acquired, depending on the environmental
setting and the input received by the
L2learner.
⑸A rule can be learned before it is
internalized(i.e.
acquired),but having learned
a rule does not necessarily
preclude having to
acquire it later
III. Text Analysis (10%x3=30%)
Read the
following passage and answer the questions
in
your answer sheet.
About one of man’s
frailties Thomas Wolfe wrote, “he
talks of the
future and he wastes it as it comes.” This
observation is related to a principle by which
I try (without
always succeeding) to live. I
believe in living in the present
because it is
futile to dwell on the past, to worry about the
future, or to miss anything in the only
reality I know.
It is futile to dwell on
the past. What existed or
happened in the past
may have been beautiful or exciting
and may
now bring profound and precious memories; but
the past is dead, and it is not healthy for
living spirits to
linger over a world
inhabited by ghosts. The past may also
be a
place of horror, of regret, of spilled milk, of
unfortunate
deeds that “cannot be undone,” of
sad words like “might
have been.” However, it
is painful and pointless to fixate
on a period
that cannot be relived or repaired. It is
unproductive self-punishment. The past must be
kept in its
place, outlived and outgrown.
It is also useless to worry about the future.
Why fly to
heaven before it is
time? What anxious visions haunt the
person
who thinks too much about the future? He may
envision the horrible mushroom cloud; the
earth shriveling
from radiation; the
overpopulated, abused earth gone dead.
He may
imagine his own life going awry, appointments
missed; advancements given to someone else;
his house
burned to the ground; his love lost;
everything in his life as
in a nightmare,
slipping away from him. There is no end to
the
disasters a person can worry about when he focuses
anxiously on the future. There are events in
his future,
including his own demise, over
which he has little or no
control, but he can
ruin his life worrying about them. There
are
some disasters he may be able to prevent, but he
must
do that by living well in the present,
not simply by worrying
about the future.
The present moment, which is even now moving
into the
past, is the reality I know, and I
don't want to miss it. The
wild-cherry cough
drop dissolving in my mouth is sweet
and
soothing. Even my sore throat and back-ache have
meaning. The cool night air, the crackling
noises of my
furnace, my cat yawning and
stretching -- these, are the
tangible
realities I can recognize. They exist in this
moment,
together with my own
breathing, the warm lamp overhead,
the jerking
of my typewriter. Along with these are the
realities of other people and of all life on
this earth, which
matters to me now, not at
some past or future time.
Everyone needs a
sense of history, I think, particularly a
feeling for his own roots, but history needs
to keep its
distance to be appreciated. It is
also vital to have some
sense of direction,
which means making plans for the
future but
not becoming preoccupied with them. What is
most important, I believe, is living in the
present, that is,
being alive now.
Questions:
What is the thesis statement
in the passage? (5 points)
How does the writer
develop his ideas in this passage?
(10 points)
Please comment on one of the author’s views.
(10
points)
I. Directions: Read each of the following
statements
carefully. Decide
which one of
the four choices best completes the
statement
and put the
letter A, B, C or D in the
brackets. (2.5%×10=25%)
1、As modern
linguistics aims to describe and analyze the
language people actually use, and not to lay
down rules for
it is said to be ___.
A、 prescriptive
B、 sociolinguistic
C、
descriptive
D、 psycholinguistic
2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ isare the
most flexible.
A、 mouth
B、 lips
C、 tongue
D、 vocal cords
3、The morpheme
is a(n) ___.
A、 bound
morpheme
B、 bound form
C、 inflectional
morpheme
D、 free morpheme
4、A ___
in the embedded clause refers to the introductory
word that
introduces the embedded clause.
A、 coordinator
B、 particle
C、
preposition
D、 subordinator
主从连词
5、
A、 is synonymous with
B、 is
inconsistent with
C、 entails
D、
presupposes
6、The branch of
linguistics that studies how context
influences the way speakers interpret
sentences is called
___.
A、 semantics
B、 pragmatics
C、 sociolinguistics
D、 psycholinguistics
7、Grammatical
changes may be explained, in part, as
analogic
changes, which are ___ or
generalization
泛化
.
A、 elaboration
B、 simplification
精简
C、
external borrowing
D、 internal borrowing
8、___ refers to a marginal language of
few lexical items
and straightforward
grammatical rules, used as a medium
of
communication.
A、 Lingua franca
通用语
B、 Creole
C、 Pidgin
D、 Standard
language
标准语言
9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists
have
concluded that, in addition to the motor
area which is
responsible for physical
articulation of utterances, three
areas of the
left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .
A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the
angular gyrus
角回
B、 Broca's area,
Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex
C、
Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons
D、
Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area
10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to
the gradual and
subconcious development of
ability in the first language by
using it
naturally in daily communicative situations.
A、 learning
B、 competence
C、
performance
D、 acquisition
II. Short answer questions(15%x3=45%)
1.
what features of language do you think should be
included in a good, comprehensive definition
of language?
Language is a rule-governed
system.
Language is basically vocal.
Language is arbitrary.
Language is used
for human communication.
2. what are the
major individual factors for SLA?
The
acquisition of a second language is dependent on a
combination of rate and ultimate success in
SLA are also affected by individual learner
factors.
(1)The early years of one’s life
before puberty;
(2)They must have strong
motivation, instrumental or
integrative;
(3)The extent to which learners differ in the
process of
adapting to the new culture of the
L2 community, that is ,
acculturation.
(4)Learner’s personality.
briefly your understanding of the differences
between the term acquisition and the term
learning in
language acquisition study?
⑴The distinction between acquisition and
learning was
proposed by the American SLA
scholar Stephen Krashen
on the assumption that
they are different processes.
⑵Acquisition
refers to the gradual and subconscious
development of ability in the first language
by using it
naturally in daily communicative
situations.
⑶Learning is defined as a
conscious process of
accumulating knowledge of
a second language usually
obtained in school
settings.
⑷It’s recognized that children
acquired their native
language without
explicit learning, which a second
language is
more commonly learned but to some degree
may
also be acquired, depending on the environmental
setting and the input received by the
L2learner.
⑸A rule can be learned before it is
internalized(i.e.
acquired),but having learned
a rule does not necessarily
preclude having to
acquire it later
III. Text Analysis (10%x3=30%)
Read the
following passage and answer the questions
in
your answer sheet.
About one of man’s
frailties Thomas Wolfe wrote, “he
talks of the
future and he wastes it as it comes.” This
observation is related to a principle by which
I try (without
always succeeding) to live. I
believe in living in the present
because it is
futile to dwell on the past, to worry about the
future, or to miss anything in the only
reality I know.
It is futile to dwell on
the past. What existed or
happened in the past
may have been beautiful or exciting
and may
now bring profound and precious memories; but
the past is dead, and it is not healthy for
living spirits to
linger over a world
inhabited by ghosts. The past may also
be a
place of horror, of regret, of spilled milk, of
unfortunate
deeds that “cannot be undone,” of
sad words like “might
have been.” However, it
is painful and pointless to fixate
on a period
that cannot be relived or repaired. It is
unproductive self-punishment. The past must be
kept in its
place, outlived and outgrown.
It is also useless to worry about the future.
Why fly to
heaven before it is
time? What anxious visions haunt the
person
who thinks too much about the future? He may
envision the horrible mushroom cloud; the
earth shriveling
from radiation; the
overpopulated, abused earth gone dead.
He may
imagine his own life going awry, appointments
missed; advancements given to someone else;
his house
burned to the ground; his love lost;
everything in his life as
in a nightmare,
slipping away from him. There is no end to
the
disasters a person can worry about when he focuses
anxiously on the future. There are events in
his future,
including his own demise, over
which he has little or no
control, but he can
ruin his life worrying about them. There
are
some disasters he may be able to prevent, but he
must
do that by living well in the present,
not simply by worrying
about the future.
The present moment, which is even now moving
into the
past, is the reality I know, and I
don't want to miss it. The
wild-cherry cough
drop dissolving in my mouth is sweet
and
soothing. Even my sore throat and back-ache have
meaning. The cool night air, the crackling
noises of my
furnace, my cat yawning and
stretching -- these, are the
tangible
realities I can recognize. They exist in this
moment,
together with my own
breathing, the warm lamp overhead,
the jerking
of my typewriter. Along with these are the
realities of other people and of all life on
this earth, which
matters to me now, not at
some past or future time.
Everyone needs a
sense of history, I think, particularly a
feeling for his own roots, but history needs
to keep its
distance to be appreciated. It is
also vital to have some
sense of direction,
which means making plans for the
future but
not becoming preoccupied with them. What is
most important, I believe, is living in the
present, that is,
being alive now.
Questions:
What is the thesis statement
in the passage? (5 points)
How does the writer
develop his ideas in this passage?
(10 points)
Please comment on one of the author’s views.
(10
points)