我是小小推销员作文400字-三月三的风俗

Text Book 4
Unit 1
Text
Two college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted
by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn
that if something seems too good to be true, it probably is.
一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦
的劳动，被一份许诺轻松 赚大钱的广告吸引了。男孩们很快 就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多
半确实不是真的。

BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAY
轻轻松松赚大钱
John G. Hubbell

the indignity of having to ask for money all the time.
bag someone had hung on our doorknob.
“你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊 严的话，这兴许是一种办法。”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装
在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work (Bucks the Easy Way!of
delivering more such bags.
塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招 聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚
钱。(“轻轻松松赚大钱!”)


“我不在乎失不失尊严，”大儿子回答说。


“我可以忍受，”他的弟弟附和道。

，
embarrasses you.
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子，真使我痛心，”我说。

The boys said they would look into the magazine- delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business
trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was
my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone.
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。我听
了很高兴，便离城出差去了。午夜 时分，我已远离家门，在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。电话铃
响了，是妻子打来的。她想知道我 这一天过得可好。


“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。“你过得怎么样”
我问道。


front.
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。”


“又一辆卡车”?

one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second
brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be
four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's
happening.
“今晚第三辆了。第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告；第二辆运来四千份西
尔斯-罗伯 克百货公司的广告。我不知道这一辆装的啥，但我肯定又是四千份什么的。既然这事是你促成
的，我想你 或许想了解事情的进展。”

What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to
hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The
company had promised our boys $$600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday
morning.
我之所以受到指责，事情原来是这样：由于发生了一起报业 工人罢工，通常夹在星期日报纸里

的广告插页，必须派人直接投送出去。公司答应给我们 的孩子六百美金，任务是将这些广告插页在星期天
早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。


“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。


“六百块!”
他的弟弟应声道，“我们两个钟点就能干完!”


thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are
carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?
“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常
都是报纸那么大的四页，”妻子告诉我说，“现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页 广告。就在我们说话的当儿，
两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。这么多广告，我们可怎么办”。< br>
boys to get busy,do what they have to
do.
“你让孩子们快干，”我指示说。“他们都是大学生了。他们自己的事得由他们自己去做。”

At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my
wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of
ad inserts.
第二天中午，我回到旅馆，看到一份紧急留言，要我马上给妻 子回电话。她的声音高得很不自
然，而 且有些颤抖。家里又运到了好几卡车的广告插页。

department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on.
Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of
advertising here!
“有百货公司的，廉价商店的，杂货店的，食品店的，汽 车行的，等等。有些像整本
杂志那么厚。我们这里有数十万页，说不定是几百万页的广告!

They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's
only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together,
slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag.
我们家整个房子 从东墙到西墙，
从南墙到北墙统统堆满了广告，一堆又一堆，比你大儿子还要高。现在只剩下一点点空间，刚够一个人走
进去，从十一种插页中各取一份，卷在一起，套上橡皮筋，再塞进一只塑料袋内。
We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!Her voice kept
rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. this must be delivered by
seven o'clock Sunday morning.
我们的塑料袋足够供应全美所有的外卖餐厅!”她越 讲声音越响，几乎震
耳欲聋。“这么多的广告必须在星期日早晨七 点以前统统送出去。”
banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you
later. Got a lunch date.”
“嗯，你最好让孩子们尽快地捆扎装袋，等会儿我再跟你谈。我有个午餐约会。”

When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife.
我餐后回来，妻子又打来一只紧急电
话。


now than to say so.
“你午餐吃得不错吧”她用悦耳的声音问道。我吃的牛排好极了，但 这次我学乖了，
还是不说为妙。


“糟透了，”我报告说。“一种什么酸溜溜的
鱼，我想大概是鳗鲡吧。”

Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of
neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the
language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'
“不错嘛。你的大学生儿子已经雇了他们的弟弟妹妹和两< br>三个邻居的小孩帮忙，工钱一人五块，建起了 流水作业线。用外交术语来说，事情有进展。”


“这确实令人鼓舞。”

been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation!
It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!
“不，并非如此，”她纠正说。“相反，非
常叫人泄气。他们干了好 几个小时了。装好的塑料袋，一直堆到天花板，但一切努力收效很小。这些广告
宣传品简直就像是不停地 自行生产出来一样!”


of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.
“还有一件事，”她接着说，“你那上大学的儿子< br>必须明白，威胁雇员，说要揍他们，是不可能使他们卖力的。”

Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled,
Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags.
我跟大儿子一通上话，便咆哮道，“你如果再威胁那些孩子，我就对你不客气了!白痴!你应该给奖金，对装
袋最多的工人每小时奖励一块。”


“可那要减少我们的利润啦，”他提醒道。


don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or
sleeping until it is removed.
“那些孩子不帮你按时将所有的广告投送出去，你就什么利润也得不到 。
如果他们不干，你们俩就得亲手搬走所有的广告。而在把它们搬掉之前，你们吃不成，也睡不成。”< br>
There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, you have just worked a profound
change in my personality.
电话里出现了短暂的沉默，他在思考 。接着，他说，“爸爸，你刚才使我深受
启迪，令我恍然大悟。”


“那就干吧!”


“是，阁下!”

By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked
until someone demanded to see the color of cash.
到第二 天傍晚，我妻子就有许多事报告了。奖金计
划行之有效，可后来有人对能否兑现表示怀疑，提出把钱拿出 来给大家看看。
Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $$5
and a few competitive bonuses while the bosses collected hundreds of dollars each. The
organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $$5 per hour! They would not work
another minute until the bosses agreed.
接着 工人队伍里的一位活动家声称，老板每人拿几百块钱，工
人们决没有理由满足于每人五块外加一点点竞争 性的奖金。劳工组织人宣布，所有工人的工资都应该达到
每小时五块钱! 在老板答应之前，他们不再干活儿，一分钟也不干。

The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $$2 per hour. Gradually,
the huge stacks began to shrink.
罢工持续了不到两小时。通过调解，双方达成协议 ，每小时两块。渐
渐地，大堆的广告开始减少。

As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time
I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $$150 in labor costs, $$40 for gasoline,
and a like amount for gifts - boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station
wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother.
结果，全部工作比最后限期星期日早
晨七点提前三个小 时完成。等我回到家里，孩子们已经结了账。 劳务支出 150 元，汽油费40 元，还有 40
元买礼品——几盒糖果，送给乐于助人的邻居，他们主动开出 自家的车帮助投递，还有一打玫瑰送给他们
的母亲。
This left them with $$185 each - about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they
worked. Still, it was
a while.
除去以上开支，他们每人得到 185 元 --大约相当于 他们所干的 91 小时的最低工资的三分之二。
虽然如此，可正如一个儿子所说，那还是“足够”他们花一阵子，使他们“避免那种有失尊严的事。”

All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd
goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton from various corners
of the house out the front door to curbside. < br>几个星期过去了，一切都很好。后来，一个星期六的上午，
我们两个小儿子的奇怪举动引起了我的 注意。他们不停地将一个又一个的纸箱从房屋四处的角落里搬出，
经过前门，送到人行道边。
I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard
them discussing finances.
我以为他们的妈妈在指挥他们清除破 烂，好让垃圾车运走呢。正在这时，我听
到他们在议论经济问题。


“哟，我们会赚许多钱呢!”


“我们要发财啦!”

Investigation revealed that they were offering
经查问发现，他
们正在把我们的全部图书“出售或出租”。


“不成!不成!”我叫道。“不能把我们的书卖了!”


“哎唷，爸，我们以为你用不着它们了呢!”


“书永远不会'用'不着的，”我尽力解释道。


a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……
“你肯定用
不着了。你都看过了，再也不用 了。没有错。既然不用，还不如卖点钱。我们想避免那种有 失尊严的事，
不再伸手向你要„„”


New Words
buck
n. (sl.) U.S. dollar
plastic
a. 塑料的
n. (pl) 塑料
doorknob
n. 门把手
leisurely
a. unhurried 从容的，慢慢的
leisure
n. free time 空闲时间，闲暇
lucrative
a. profitable 有利的；赚钱的
pain
vt. cause pain to
panhandle
vi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streets
delivery
n. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投递；送交
enthuse
vi. show enthusiasm
inquire
vt. ask

super
a. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellent
snap
vt. say(sth.) sharply 厉声说
insert
n. 插页
normally
ad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常
company
n. 公司
echo
vt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和；重复
ad
n. (short for) advertisement
inform
vt. tell; give information 告知
porch
n. (AmE) veranda 门廊
armload
n. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armful
walk
n. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道
unnaturally
ad. in an unnatural way 不自然地
quaver
vi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble 颤抖
truckload
n. as much or as many as a truck can carry
department store
n. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百货公司
dime
n. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten cents
dime store
n. (AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉价商品店；小商口
店
drugstore
n. (AmE) a store that sells not only medicine, but also beauty products, film, magazines, and
food 药店，杂货店
grocery
n. a store that sells food and household supplies 食品杂货店
section
n. part of subdivision of a piece of writing, book, newspaper, etc.; portion （文章等的）段落；
节；部分
cram

vt. fill too full; force or press into a small space 把„„塞满；把„„塞进
stack
n. an orderly; heap or group of things 一叠（堆、垛等）
band
n. flat, thin piece of material 带；带状物
vt. tie up with a band 捆扎
rubber band
n. 橡皮筋
takeout
a. （餐馆）出售外卖菜的
range
n. the distance at which one can see or hear （听觉、视觉等）的范围
marvel(l)ous
a. wonderful; astonishing
steak
n. 牛排；大块肉（或鱼）片
sour
a. 酸的
eel
n. 鳗鲡
diplomacy
n. 外交
encouraging
a. 鼓舞人心的
dent
n. a hollow in a hard surface made by a blow or pressure; initial progress凹痕，凹坑，初步进
展
reproduce
vt. produce the young of (oneself or one's own kind) 生殖，繁殖
bodily
a. of the human body; physical
harm
n. damage or wrong 伤害
audience
n. the people gathered in a place to hear or see; a chance to be heard 观众；听众；陈述意见
的机会
snarl
vt. speak in a harsh voice 咆哮着说
bonus
n. an extra payment to workers 奖金
thoughtful
a. give to or indicating thought 沉思的，思考的
cash
n. money in coins or notes 现金

activist
n. a person taking an active part esp. in a political movement 激进分子
work force
n. total number of workers employed in a particular factory, industry or area 工人总数；劳动
人口
competitive
a. 竞争的
organizer
n. person who organizes things 组织者
mediation
n. 调解
party
n. one of the people or sides in an agreement or argument 一方；当事人
gradually
ad. slowly and by degrees.
gradual
a.逐渐的
shrink (shrank, shrunk)
vi. become less or smaller 减少；变小
deadline
n. fixed limit of finishing a piece of work 最后期限
station wagon
n. 小型客车，客货两用车
minimum (pl. minima or minimums)
n. the smallest possible amount, number, etc. 最低限度的量、数等
minimum wage
n. the lowest wage permitted by law or by agreement for certain work 法定最工资
odd
a. strange; unusual
goings-on
n. activities, usu. of an undesirable kind
carton
n. a cardboard box for holding goods 纸板箱（或盒）
curbside
n. the area of sidewalk at or near curb （curb: 人行道的镶边石）
enlist
vt. obtain the support and help of; cause to join the armed forces 取得„„的支持和帮助；征募
trash
n. waste material to be thrown away; rubbish 垃圾
pickup
n. a small light truck with an open back used for light deliveries 小卡车；轻型货车
overhear
vt. hear by chance; hear without the knowledge of the speaker(s)无意中听到；偷听到
finance

n. money matters; (used in pl.) money; (science of ) the management of funds 财政；钱财；金
融
geez
int.哎呀，呀
sale
n. the act of selling sth.

Phrases & Expressions
pull up
bring or come to a stop （使）停下
a piece of cake
(informal) sth. very easy to do
even as
just at the same moment as
know better than
be wise or experienced enough not (to do sth.) 明事理而不至于
be at
be occupied with, be doing
make a dent (in)
make less by a very small amount; reduce slightly; make a first step towards success(in)减少一
点；取得初步进展
cut into
reduce; decrease 减少
have no business
have no right or reason 无权，没有理由
settle for
accept, although not altogether satisfactory （无可奈何地）满足于
settle one's account
pay what one owes 结帐
quite a while
a fairly long time
draw(sb.'s) attention to
make sb. notice, or be aware of
for sale
intended to be sold
for rent
available to be rented
be done with
stop doing or using; finish 做完，不再使用
maymightcould as well
with equal or better effect 不妨，还不如，最好

Proper Names
Montgomery Ward

蒙哥马利—沃德百货公司
Sears, Roebuck
西尔斯—罗百克百货公司


Unit 2
Text
Is there anything we can learn from deer? During the -1974 the writer
of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when
winter arrives. The lessons he learns about the way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to
our everyday life.
有什么是我们能从鹿身上学到的吗在 1973-1974 年的“能源危机”期间，本文作者正
住在明尼苏达北部，能够观察当冬天来临时， 鹿如何生存。他从鹿储存能量的方法上得到的经验也能够运
用到我们的日常生活中。

DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLE
鹿和能量循环

Some persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more
practical turn of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes
the world go round.
有些人说，爱情驱使世界运转；另一些并不那么罗 曼蒂克而更为注重实际的人则说，
不是爱情，而是金钱。但真实情况是，能量驱使世界运转。
Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is
converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to
survive. On this cycle all life depends.
能 量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能量，能量再用来获
取更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存，生命 才成为可能。所有生命都维系在这一循环上。

It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can
during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and
then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce.
But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy
to live in winter than in summer.
差不多众所周知，野生动物得以年 复一年地生存下去，主要依靠在夏
秋生长旺季尽量多吃，通常将多余的部分以脂肪的形式储存起来，然后 到了冬天食物稀少的艰难时期，就
用这些储备的脂肪来维持生命。然而，很可能鲜为人知的是，即使有储 备的脂肪，野生动物在冬天消耗的
能量比夏天要少。

A good case in point is the whiter-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store
fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature
female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns
during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not
only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.
一个很好的例证是白尾鹿。与
大 多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两季，繁殖、生长并储存脂肪。一只成熟健壮的母
鹿 ，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，它必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅
是 为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。
The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good
timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. The
cost can not be met unless the region has ample food re sources.
产乳的最佳期也正是植物生长茂盛
之时。这个时机选择得很好，因为乳汁生产 是一个消耗能量的过程 -- 它需要大量的食物，除非该地区具有
丰富的食物资源，否则无法满足这种消耗。

As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother's
milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources. The adult males spend the summer
growing antlers and getting fat.
夏季一天天过去，幼 鹿日渐生长，它们变得较少依赖母鹿的乳汁，而更
加依靠生长中的植物为其食物来源。雄性成鹿在夏天生 长鹿角并养肥身体。
Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat
for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk
production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males.
在秋天，
雄鹿和雌鹿都继续进食高 质量食物，贮存体内脂肪，以备过冬。至于雌鹿和幼鹿，由于大量的能量用于产
奶或生长，脂肪的积累速 度不如完全成熟的雄鹿快。

Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited
and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.
脂肪储备如同银行里的存款，供冬天食物来
源不足时和有时由于雪深难以获得时，支取使用。

As fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the
deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September
and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes
cold.
随着秋去冬来，还会发生其他变化: 幼鹿失去皮毛上的斑纹，所有鹿身上的毛长厚，颜色变深。毛皮
的变化通常持续到 9 月。到11 月或 12 月天气变冷时，毛长得最厚。
But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter -- an internal
physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence
slows down their expenditure of energy.
此外，大自然还为鹿提供进一步的保护以帮助它们度过冬天
-- 体内生理机能作相应调节，放慢新陈 代谢，亦即生理活动的速度，从而降低能量的消耗。

The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate
practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer don't hibernate,
they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and
store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use stored fat
in the winter when food is less available.
鹿变得有点动作迟缓、嗜睡。它们的心率减慢。冬眠的动物保
存能量的 习性胜过鹿。虽然鹿不冬眠，但他们随季节改变新陈代谢节奏的习性则是一样的。夏秋间，食物
充裕的时 候，鹿消耗较多的能量并储存脂肪。在冬天食物匮乏时，它们则消耗较少的能量并使用储存的脂
肪。
When the first came in 1973-1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the
edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their
behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by
an increase again in the spring as the snow melted.
1973-1974 年间，第一次出现“能源危机”的时候，
我正与家人住 在明尼苏达州北部一处鹿群过冬地方的边缘地带。我们住在一个小屋里，观察鹿的生活习性，
观察它们是 如何随着冬季来临从夏秋的活动频繁状态而变得少动的，而到春暖雪融时，他们的活动又是如
何增多起来 的。

It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio:
necessary,
furnace down.
当时广播电台常告诫我们:“没有 必要不开车，”“多穿衣服好保暖，并请调低锅炉上的恒
温器。”这些话听起来既有趣又逗笑。

Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce
their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to
reduce their cost of living to increase their chance of surviving in winter.
因为与此同时，我们一直注
视着鹿减少活动，长出越冬的厚毛，并减缓新陈代谢。几千年来，他们一贯如此。鹿减少生存所需的能耗

以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学角度来看是合情合理的。

Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, survival and
productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for
several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find,
and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through.
当然，对鹿来讲，并
非每 个冬天都处于危难之中。如果冬天雪下得少，存活率和次年春天的繁殖力就高。但如果雪积得深，天
气连 续数周寒冷，鹿活动起来就得花费较多的能量，觅食会更难，这时它们就得更多地依赖其脂肪储备度
过寒 冬。
If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to
survive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animal such as deer.
如果这种
情况持续太久，有些鹿就要死亡，只有体型最大最壮的，才有可能存活。 对于像鹿这样四处自由奔走的野
生动物来说，这是一条根本的生存规律。

Yes, life - and death, too - is a cycle that goes round and round, and when animals die their
bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy.
的确，生命--还有死
亡-- 周而复始，循环不已。当动物死亡的时候，他们的尸体转化为能量，变成食物，供其他生命形式使用。

And the cycle continues.
如此循环，永不止息。


New Words
deer
n. (sing. or pl.)鹿
romantic
a. belonging to or suggesting romance; fanciful not practical 浪漫的；幻想的
turn
n. a natural tendency; inclination(天生）倾向
currency
n. money that is actually in use in a country 通货，货币
ecological
a. of or concerning interrelationship of organisms and their environment 生态的
ecology
n. 生态学
convert
vt. change (from one form, use, etc. into another); cause (a person) to change his beliefs, etc. 使
转变；使改变信仰（等）
excess
n. the part that is more than enough; the condition of exceeding what is usual or necessary 过
量；过度
reserve
n. sth. that is being or has been stored for later use 储备（物）
scarce
a. not available in sufficient quantity 缺乏的
wildlife
n. animals and plants which live and grow wild
nutritious
ing nourishment; nourishing有营养的；滋养的

mature
a. full grown and developed 成熟的；成年的
female
a. of the sex that gives birth to young 女（性）的；雌的
n. a female person, animal or plant
conceive
vt. become pregnant with (young); form (an idea, plan, etc.) in the mind 怀（胎）；构思
fawn
n. a young deer less than a year old
timing
n. selection for maximum effect of the precise moment for beginning or doing sth. 时机的选择
consume
vt. eat or drink; use; use up 消耗；消费
region
n. a place, space or area; a part of the body 地区；（身体的）部位
ample
a. plentiful 充裕的
resource
n. (pl.) possessions (esp. of a country). in the form of wealth and goods, that help one to do
what one wants 资源
dependent
a. relying (on another) for support
male
a. of the sex that does not give birth to young 男（性）的；雄的
n. a male person, animal or plant
antler
n. the solid, bony horn of a male deer 鹿角，茸角

deposit
vt. put or store for safe keeping; (esp. of a liquid, a river) leave lying (a layer of matter)存放;使沉
积
doe
n. a fully-grown female deer
expend
vt. spend or use up 花费；耗尽
accumulate
v. make or become greater in number or quantity; collect or gather 积累；积聚
account
n. a sum of money kept in a bank which may be added to or taken from 帐户；存款
spotted
a. marked with spots有斑点的
depth
n. the state or degree of being deep 深；深度，厚度
safeguard

n. a means of protection against sth. unwanted 预防措施
internal
a. of or in the inside, esp. of the body 内部的；体内的
physiological
a. 生理的；生理学的
metabolism
n. 新陈代谢
hence
ad. therefore 因此，所以
expenditure
n. expending or using up; the amount of money, time, etc. expended 花费;用光;支出额,费用
somewhat
ad. by some degree or amount; a little 有点，稍微
drowsy
a. sleepy or half sleepy; making one sleepy 困倦的；催眠的
hibernate
vi. (of some animals) pass the whole of the winter in a state like sleep 冬眠
extreme
n. either end of anything; highest degree 极端
seasonal
a. depending on the season; changing with the seasons 季节性的
rhythm
n. 节奏
abundant
a. more than enough 充足的；丰富的
cabin
n. a small roughly built, usu. wooden house 小木屋；茅舍
melt
v. cause (a solid) to become liquid; (of a solid ) become liquid （使）融化；（使）熔化
amusing
a. funny 逗人笑的；引起乐趣的
amuse
vt. cause to laugh or smile
thermostat
n. an automatic device for regulating temperature 恒温器
biologically
ad. 生物学上
biological
a.生物学的
biology
n.生物学
survival
n. the fact or likelihood of surviving 幸存
productivity

n. the ability or capacity to produce, productiveness 生产力；生产率；多产
fundamental
a. basic; most important

Phrases & Expressions
go round
function smoothly
in the form of
以„形式
in point
appropriate; pertinent 适用的；相关的
in (good) condition
in good health, physically fit
give birth (to)
bear; (fig.) produce 生（孩）子，产（仔）；产生，引起
draw on
take or use as a source 利用；动用
slow down
(cause to ) go more slowly than usual; (cause to ) live, work, etc. in a less active and intense way
（使）慢下来；（使）放松
turn down
reduce the force, speed, loudness, etc. of (sth.) by using controls 减弱；关小，调低
move about
travel around; go from one place to another
pull through
help (sb.) to survive a period of danger or crisis 使渡过危险或危机

Proper Name
Minnesota 明尼苏达（美国州名）


Unit 3

Text
Can you prove that the earth is round? Go ahead and try! Will you rely on your senses or will
you have to draw on the opinions of experts?
你能证明地球是圆的吗来试试看 吧！你将依靠你自己的智
力还是不得不引用专家的观点呢？

WHY DO WE BELIEVE THAT THE EARTH IS ROUND?
我们为什么相信地球是圆的

George Orwell
Somewhere or other — I think it is in the preface to saint Joan — Bernard Shaw remarks that we
are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the Middle Ages, and as an example of
modern credulity he cites the widespread belief that the earth is round.
记得在什么地方--我想是在
《圣女贞德》序言中-- 肖伯纳评论说，今天我们比在中世纪时更加轻 信，更加迷信。而作为现代轻信的例

证，他举出地圆说这一广为传播的信念。
The average man, says Shaw, can advance not a single reason for thinking that the earth is round.
He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the
twentieth-century mentality.
肖伯纳说，普通人举不出一条 理由来说明为什么相信地球是圆的。他全盘
接受这一理论，只是因为这一理论中有一种迎合20世纪心态 的东西。

Now, Shaw is exaggerating, but there is something in what he says, and the question is worth
following up, for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge.
当然，肖伯纳是夸大其词了，但他说的也确实有些道理，这一问题值得进一步探讨，因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。

Just why do we believe that the earth is round? I am not speaking of the few thousand
astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give ocular proof, or have a theoretical
knowledge of the proof, but of the ordinary newspaper-reading citizen, such as you or me.
我们
究竟为什么会相信地球是圆的呢我说的不是数千位天文学家、地理学家之类的人，他们可以用观察到 的事
实或用理论上的根据来证实这一点，我指的是如同你我之辈的报纸的普通读者。

As for the Flat Earth theory, I believe I could refute it. If you stand by the seashore on a clear day,
you can see the masts and funnels of invisible ships passing along the horizon. This phenomenon
can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved.
至于“地平说”，我相 信我能够
加以驳斥。如果你在天气晴朗的日子站立海边，你可以看到船桅和烟囱沿着地平线移动而不见船 体本身。
只有假设地球表面呈曲线状，这一现象才能得到解释。

But it does not follow that the earth is spherical. Imagine another theory called the Oval Earth
theory, which claims that the earth is shaped like an egg. What can I say against it?
但不能由此推
断地球是球形的。设想另一个称做“地球卵形说”的理论吧，这一学说声称地球形如蛋状。对此，我能说
什么加以反驳呢？

Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. The Oval
Earth man promptly answers that I don't know, by my own observation, that those bodies are
spherical.
面对“地球卵形说” 者，我能打的第一张牌是，可以根据太阳和月亮来类推。“地球卵形说”者
立即回敬道，我无法根据自己 的观察得知那些天体是球形的。
I only know that they are round, and they may perfectly well be flat discs. I have no answer to
that one. Besides, he goes on, what reason have I for thinking that the earth must be the same
shape as the sun and moon? I can't answer that one either.
我只能得知他们是圆的，而它们完全可 能
呈扁平的圆盘状。我对此无言以答。此外，他还会说，我凭什么理由认为地球一定与太阳和月亮的形状 相
同对此，我同样无法解答。
My second card is the earth's shadow: When cast on the moon during eclipses, it appears to be
the shadow of a round object. But how do I know, demands the Oval Earth man, that eclipses of
the moon are caused by the shadow of the earth?
我的第二张牌是地球的影子: 月食期间，地球投在
月亮上的影子看上去呈圆形物体状。但“地 球卵形说”者马上要问，我怎么知道月食是由地球的影子造成
的呢？
The answer is that I don't know, but have taken this piece of information blindly from newspaper
articles and science booklets.
回答是，我并不知道，我只是照搬报刊文章和科普小册子上的说法而已。
Defeated in the minor exchanges, I now play my queen of trumps: the opinion of the experts. The
Astronomer Royal, who ought to know, tells me that the earth is round.
小小交锋受挫，于是我打出
一张王牌“Q”: 专家的看法。英国格林威治皇家天文台台长总该是权威了，他告诉我说地球是圆的。
The Oval Earth man covers the queen with his king. Have I tested the Astronomer Royal's
statement, and would I even know a way of testing it?
“地球卵形说” 者用他的“K”牌压倒我的“Q”
牌。天文台台长的话我检验过没有再说，我知道怎么个检验法吗？

Here I bring out my ace. Yes, I do know one test. The astronomers can foretell eclipses, and this
suggests that their opinions about the solar system are pretty sound. I am, to my delight, justified
in accepting their say-so about the shape of the earth.
这时候，我打出我的“爱司”。是的 ，我确实知
道一个检验方法。天文学家能预报月食，这一点表明他们关于太阳系的看法是非常可信的。因 此，令我高
兴的是，我接受他们关于地球形状的论断是有道理的。

If the Oval Earth man answers — what I believe is true — that the ancient Egyptians, who
thought the sun goes round the earth, could also predict eclipses, then bang goes my ace.
如果
“地球卵形说”者反驳道--我以为他反驳得有理-- 认为太阳绕地球转的古代埃及人也能预言月食，那我的“爱
司”牌便立刻化为乌有。
I have only one card left: navigation. People can sail ship round the world, and reach the places
they aim at, by calculations which assume that the earth is spherical. I believe that finishes the
Oval Earth man, though even then he may possibly have some kind of counter.
我只剩下一张牌: 航< br>海。人们可以扬帆绕地球航行而到达他们的目的地，其航程的计算，就是以地球是球形的假定为依据的。< br>我相信这一下可以彻底击败“地球卵形说”者了。不过即便如此，他还可能有某种回击的办法。
It will be seen that my reasons for thinking that the earth is round are rather precarious ones. Yet
this is an exceptionally elementary piece of information.
由此可见，我认为地球是圆的，其根据是相
当不牢靠的。然而这却是一点极其基本的知识。
On most other questions I should have to fall back on the expert much earlier, and would be less
able to test his pronouncements. And much the greater part of our knowledge is at this level. 在
别的大多数问题上，我只得更早地依赖专家的理论，且更少有办法检验他的结论了。我们的知识， 其绝大
部分都停留在这一水平上。
It does not rest on reasoning or on experiment, but on authority. And how can it be otherwise,
when the range of knowledge is so vast that the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he
strays away from his own specialty?
它不是依靠推理或实验，而是依赖权威。可是，不这样，又有什么别的法子呢知识的范围如此广博，一旦越出其专业范围，专家也会变成一无所知。
Most people, if asked to prove that the earth is round, would not even bother to produce the
rather weak arguments I have outlined above. They would start off by saying that
knows
对大多数人来说，如果要他们证明地球是圆的话，就连我上面概述的这些相当无力的论据，他们也不愿提供出来。他们一开始就会说: 谁都知道地球是圆的。要是再加追问，就会生气了。
In a way Shaw is right. This is a credulous age, and the burden of knowledge which we now have
to carry is partly responsible.
在某种程度上讲，肖伯纳是说对了，如今是一个轻信的时代。究其缘由，< br>部分在于，我们现今必须掌握的知识实在太多了。


New Words
preface
n. an introduction to a book or speech 前言,序
gullible
a. easily deceived or cheated esp. into a false belief; credulous 易受骗的;轻信的
superstitious
a. full of superstition; believing in superstitions 迷信的
credulity
n. a tendency to believe to readily 轻信
cite

vt. mention as an example; quote (a passage, book, etc.) 举出;引出
widespread
a. found or distributed over a large area 分布广的;普遍的
advance
vt. put or bring forward; offer 提出
appeal
vi. please, attract or interest 投合所好;有感染力;有吸引力
mentality
n. way of thinking, outlook; mental power or capacity 心理,思想;脑力
exaggerate
vt. think, speak or write of as greater than is really so; overstate 夸张;夸大
sake
n. end, purpose 缘故
geographer
n. a specialist in geography
ocular
a. of, for, by the eyes; based on what has been seen 眼睛的;凭视觉的
theoretical
a. of or based on theory
citizen
n. 公民;市民
refute
vt. prove (a statement) to be untrue; prove (a person) to be mistaken 驳斥
mast
n. a long upright pole of wood or metal for carrying flags or sails on a ship 桅杆
funnel
n. a metal chimney for letting out smoke from a steam engine or steamship (蒸汽机,轮船等的)
烟囱
invisible
a. that can not be seen
horizon
n. the line where the sky seems to meet the earth or sea 地平线
phenomenon (pl. phenomena)
n. 现象
curve
vt. bend so as to form a line that has no straight part 使成曲线
n. a continuously bending line without angles 曲线
follow
vi. result or occur as a consequence, effect, or inference 结果产生;得出
spherical
a. shaped like a ball 球形的
oval
n.& a. (anything which is) egg-shaped 卵形的(东西), 椭圆的(东西)
card

n. 纸牌
analogy
n. comparison of things that have a certain likeness; similarity 类比; 相似
promptly
ad. quickly and willingly 敏捷地;迅速地
prompt
a. 敏捷的;迅速的；及时的
body
n. =celestial body 天体
disc
n. 圆盘
cast
vt. throw or drop; cause (light or shadow) to appear (on) 扔,投; 投射
eclipse
n. the total or partial hiding of one celestial body by another (天文学)食
booklet
n. a small book, usu. with a paper cover 小册子
exchange
vt. give and receive (one thing in return for another) 交换
trump
n. 王牌
royal
a. for, belonging to, or connected with a king or queen 皇家的; 王室的
statement
n. expression in words; a written or spoken declaration, esp. of a formal kind 陈述;声明
ace
n. (纸牌中的)牌,爱司
foretell
vt. tell beforehand; predict 预言
solar
a. of the sun
the solar system
the sun and the planets which revolve round it
justify
vt. give a good reason for; show to be just, right or reasonable 证明„„是正当的；为„辩护
say-so
n. an authoritative pronouncement; one's unsupported assertion 权威性声明；无证据的断言
Egyptian
n.,a. (native) of Egypt 埃及人；埃及的
predict
vt. announce or tell beforehand; forecast 预言
bang
ad. with a sudden loud noise; with a sudden impact 砰地
navigation

n. the act or process of navigating 航海
calculation
n. the act of adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing to find a result 计算
calculate
vt.计算
calculator
n. 计算器
counter
n. sth. of value in bargaining; a return attack, such as a blow in boxing 讨价还价的本钱；回击，
反击
precarious
a. insecure; depending upon mere assumption 不安全的；根据不足的，靠不住的
exceptionally
ad. unusually
authority
n. power to influence; power to give orders and make others obey 权威；权力
ignoramus
n. an ignorant person 无知的人
stray
vi. wander away; (of thoughts or conversation) move away from the subject 走离；离题
specialty
n. a special field of work or study 专业
outline
vt. indicate the main ideas or facts of
n. a systematic listing of the important points of a subject 提纲
press
vt. demand or ask for continuously 催促，逼迫
credulous
a. tending to believe sth. on little evidence, arising from credulity 轻信的
burden
n. sth. difficult to bear; load 重负；负荷

Phrases & Expressions
follow up
pursue or investigate closely; take further action after (sth.) 深入研究或调查；采取进一步行动
for the sake of
for the good or advantage of; for the purpose of 为了„的利益；为了
throwshed light on
make clear; explain 使明白，使明朗；解释
and so forth
and so on
as for
with regard to, concerning 至于
may well (not)

be very likely (not) to 完全（不）可能
bring out
show; offer to the public 拿出；使显出；推出（新产品等）
aim at
have as one's target, objective, etc.
fall back on
turn to for support 求助于
rest on
depend on, rely on
stray away from
wander from; move from 偏离
start off
begin; depart
in a way
to a certain extent; a little; somewhat 在某种程度上

Proper Names
Saint Joan
圣女贞德
Bernard Shaw
萧伯纳

Unit 4
Text
On September 11, 2001, a series of suicide attacks on the United States took place. Foreign
hijackers took control of four U.S. airliners. Two were crashed into the World Trade Center. The
third aircraft was crashed into the Pentagon. The fourth, intended, it is thought, for another
government target, crashed into a field, apparently after passenger resistance. This is the story of
one of those passengers.
2001年9月11日，在美国发生了一系列自杀式的袭击事件。外国的劫机 者控
制了四架美国的航空公司的 飞机，两架撞入世界贸易中心，第三架冲进五角大楼，而第四架据传原本要袭
击另一政府目标，但显然由 于遭到乘客的反抗而坠毁于一片田地里。本文说的便是其中一位乘客的故事。

Flight 93: What I never know
第93次航班：我所无法理解的事

Sunday, September 9, 2001, was a good day for the three of us. Emmy was just 11 weeks old and
we were enjoying her enormously. After three miscarriages in two years, she was doubly precious
to us.
2001年9月9日是星期日，对我们三个人来说，是个美好的日子。埃米刚有 11周大，我们极其喜
欢她。 她是我在两年内经过连续三次流产后生下的，所以对我们更为珍贵。
My husband, Jeremy, who was thinking of changing jobs, had gone on two interviews and felt
they went well. Since Sunday was rainy, we just lay around our house in northern New Jersey. We
laughed a lot, and watched Emmy, and then went to bed early.
我的丈夫杰里米当时正考虑换个工作，
已经面试过两次，自己感觉进行得还顺利。周日那天下雨，我们就在我们位于新泽西北部的自家屋内闲躺 着。
我们嬉笑着，照看着埃米，随后就早早就寝了。

The next day, September 10, was busy, with Jeremy due to fly from New York to California on
business. I would take Emmy up to my parents house in Windham, New York, and he could meet

us there when he returned.
次日，9月10日，我们忙碌起来，杰里米将从纽瓦克飞往加利 福尼亚出差。
我将带埃米北上去纽约州温 德姆我父母的家中。这样，杰里米回来时可以去那里接我们。

For some reason he particularly wanted to take care of Emmy that morning. So he fed her and
bathed and dressed her. He packed up both our cars, made sure Emmy was tucked into her car
seat, and kissed her. Then he stood waving as we drove off.
那天早 晨，不知什么原因，他特想要照料
埃米。他给她喂奶、给她洗澡、给她穿衣。他把两辆车的行 李都装好 ，把埃米在汽车座椅上安置妥当，并
吻了吻她。而后当我们开车离开时他站到一边挥手告别。

When I got to Windham, Jeremy called. His flight to San Francisco had been canceled. He didn’t
want to take the next available flight and get in at 2 a.m.
我到达温德姆时，杰里米打来电话。他飞往
旧金 山的航班被取消了。他不打算搭乘下一班飞机在凌晨两点到达目的地。
“Screw it,” he said, “I’m going to go home, get a good nights sleep, and get up early tomorrow.”
He would grab the first flight out of New York. United Flight 93.
“该死，”他说。“我想回家，美美地
睡上一夜，明天早点起身。”他 将赶上第一班航班飞离纽瓦克。联合航空公司的第93次航班。
Tuesday morning found me in the kitchen, fumbling with the lid of the doughnut box, when I
heard my father say something about the World Trade Center.
星期二早晨我正在厨房里设法打开一
盒炸圈饼的盒盖时，听到父亲在说什么世贸中心的事。
I looked in the living room at the TV, and saw the image of the fire poking through the blackened
holes in the towers silver skin. The phone rang, and my dad said into it, “Oh, thank God it’s you.”

我向起居室的电视瞧去，看见屏幕上出现了从世贸中心大楼的银色外墙上被燻黑的 洞中窜出的大火。这时
电话响了，父亲对着话筒说道，“哦，感谢上帝，是你啊。”

I ran into the living room. He held out the phone, his face pale. “Jeremy,” he said.
我跑进起居室，
父亲脸色苍白地把话筒递了过来。“是杰里米，”他说。

I grabbed the phone. “Jer!”I said.
我夺过话筒，说道，“杰尔。”

“Hi,” he said. “Listen, there are some bad men on the plane.”
“你好，”他说。“听着，飞机上有几个
坏蛋。”

“What do you mean?”
“什么？”

“These three guys took over the plane. They put on these red headbands. They said they had a
bomb.”
“三个家伙控制了飞机。他们头上戴着红色的束发帶，声称带着一颗炸弹。”

I was crying now.
我当即哭了。

“I love you,” he said.
“我爱你，”他说。

“I love you,” I said, “only have good thoughts. ”
“我爱你，”我说。“只往好处想.”

I was shaking and nauseated, but I also knew I could make myself do whatever was necessary to
help Jeremy.
我浑身颤抖，想要呕吐，可同时我很清楚，我还是可以尽一切可能帮助杰里米的。

“I don’t think I’m going to make it out of here,” he said. And then, “I don’t want to die.” And he
cursed.
“我感到我是无法从这儿活着出去了，”他说。随后他又说， “我可不想死。”接着他咒骂起来。

“You’re not going to die,” I told him. “Jer, put a picture of me and Emmy in your head and only
have really good thoughts.”
“你不会死的，”我对他说。“杰尔，心里就装着我和埃米吧，只往好处去想。”

“Yeah,” he answered.
“好，”他回答道。

“Don’t think about anything bad,” I said.
“不要去想那些糟糕的事，”我说。

“You’ve got to promise me youre going to be happy,” he said. “For Emmy to know how much I
love her. And that whatever decisions you make in your life, no matter what, I’ll support you.”
“你得答应我，你将来要高高兴 兴地生活下去，”他说。“务必让埃米知道我非常爱她。不论你将来作出什
么决定，我都支持你。”
After a pause, Jeremy said to me, “A passenger said they’re crashing planes into the World Trade

Center. Is that true?”
稍停片刻，杰里米又对我说，“一位乘客说他们正在用飞机撞击世贸中心，这是真
的吗？”

I was standing there in the living room, watching at on TV. I thought: “Do I tell him?”
我正站在起
居室里看着电视上播放此事，心想：我是否该告诉他？

“Are they going to blow the plane up or are they going to crash it into something.” he almost
screamed at me.
“他们想要炸毁这架飞机呢，还是想用它去撞击什么东西？”他几乎在对我大声喊叫道。

“They’re not going to the World Trade Center,” I said.
“他们不会去撞世贸中心了，”我说。

“Why?”
“为什么？”

“Because the whole things on fire.”
“因为整个世贸中心都在燃烧了。”

He said there were maybe 30 or 35 passengers, herded to the back. For some reason, however,
no one was guarding them back there.
他说约有30到35位乘客，都被驱赶到客舱的后部，但，不知
怎的 ，却无人看管他们。

“What about the pilots?” I asked him. “Has there been any communication?”
“那么驾驶员们的情
况如何？”我问道。“你们之间联络过没有？”

“No. These guys just stood up and yelled and ran into the cockpit. After that, we didn’t hear from
the pilots.”
“没有。那几个家伙就这么站了起来，喊叫着冲进了驾驶舱。 后来就再也没有听到有关驾驶
员们的情况。”

Just then, we saw something on TV about a plane crashing into the Pentagon, and I thought,
thank God it isn’t Jeremys plane.
正在那时，我们从电视上看到一架飞机撞进了五角大楼。心想，上帝< br>保佑那不是杰里米的飞机。


When I told him about this new attack, Jeremy cursed again.
我把新发生的这次攻击告了杰里米，他
再次咒骂起来。
The Pentagon was probably the jolt that made him see clearly that his fate and that of his fellow
passengers in the rear of the plane were completely in their own hands.
五角大楼一事可能使他受
到极大震惊，使他认清他和待在客舱后面的其他乘客的命运完全掌握在他们自己的手中。
“Okay, I’m going to take a vote,” he said. “Theres three other guys as big as me and were thinking
of attacking the guy with the bomb. What do you think?”
“好，我这就去进行表决，”他说。“另外有
三个身材和我一样高大的人，我 们打算去袭击那个带炸弹的家伙。你看行吗？”

“Do they have guns?” I asked.
“他们有枪吗？”我问道。

“No, I didn’t see guns. I saw knives.” He joked, “I still have my butter knife from breakfast.”
“没有，
我没有看到枪。我见到刀子。”他开玩笑说，“我这里还有早餐用的牛油刀呢。”
There was a pause, and then he said, “I know I could take the guy with the bomb. Do you think
it’s really a bomb?”
停了一会儿， 他说，“我想我可以制服那个带炸弹的家伙。你觉得那是一颗真的炸
弹吗？”

“I don’t think so. I think they’re bluffing you.”
“我认为不是真的炸弹，那是在吓唬你们。”

“Okay, I’m going to do it,” Jer said, screams in the background.
“行，我这就去干。”杰尔说。电话里
传来隐隐约约的尖叫声。

“I think you need to do it,” I told him. “You’re strong, you’re brave, I love you.”
“我觉得你必须去
干，”我对他说。“你身强力壮，又勇敢，我爱你。”

“Okay, I’m going to put the phone down, I’m going to leave it here, and I’m going to come right
back to it.” he said.
“好，我这就把话筒搁下离开这儿，我会马上回来再拿起它的，”杰尔说。

I handed the phone to my Dad. Runned to the bath room, and kecked of the sink.
我把话筒递给父
亲，跑进盥洗室，在水池上呕吐起来。

When my father put the phone to his ear, he heard nothing on the line for two or three minutes.

Then he heard screams off in the background.
我父亲把话筒放到耳边，有两三分钟光景什么都听不到。
而后他听到隐隐约约的尖叫声。
And he thought, They’re doing it. It was bound to be noisy. Perhaps a minute and a half later,
there was another set of screams, muffled, like people on a roller coaster. Then silence.
他想，他
们正干上了。这必然会引起喧闹。隔了约莫一分半钟，又传来一阵低沉的尖叫声，就像人们坐 过山车时发
出的叫声那样。随后便沉寂了下来。


I sat on the living room couch and all my energy seemed to have deserted me. After a while, I
got up and headed for the kitchen and almost collided with my dad, who was coming the other
way.
我坐在起居室的 长沙发上，浑身乏力。过了一会儿，我起身向厨房走去，几乎与从相反方向走来的
父亲相撞。
H e must have just hung up the phone. He was crying. He gave me a hug. I watched him
cry, a bit dumbfounded.
他想必刚挂上电话，他在哭泣。他拥抱了我。我瞧着他哭着，我有点麻木了。

“Wait, you think he’s dead” I said. He couldn’t manage anything but to cry harder. I must have
asked the same question five times. And then, when it finally sank in, I collapsed on the floor.
“等
一等，你是不是认为他死了？”我说。他除了放声大哭之外再也说不出话来 。我大概重复问了五次之多。
接着，当我终于明白过来之后，我瘫倒在地上。

“searching for Jeremy!”
“寻找杰里米！”

Over the next months, I spent a lot of time searching for Jeremy. Often I heard his voice in my
head, comforting me when my pain was almost unendurable. I visited the crash site. I hungered
to know what had happened on Flight 93 and why Jeremy died.
在接下的几个月里，我花了大量时间
寻觅杰里米。每当我痛楚万分 之际，我常听到他在耳边安慰我的声音。我去了飞机坠毁的地方。我渴求了
解第93次航班上发生的事情 以及杰里米为何而身故。
Now I find that my viewpoint has changed. Not that I don’t want to know what happened. It’s
just that I’m sure I will never really make sense of September 11.
如今我发现我已改变了看 法。不是
因为我不想了解到底发生了什么，而恰恰是我相信我将永远不可能真正理解911事件。
Did someone declare war on us for a principle? Because they were jealous? To show how tough
they were? Did we in this country somehow overstep, push too hard, tread on ancient
sensibilities?
是否有人出于某种原则性的问题向我们宣战了？或是他们出于 妒忌？或是他们想炫耀其强
悍？是否我们这个国家的人越轨了，做得过分了，伤及了人家自古而来的情感 ？
The world Jeremy and I knew was never more than the rooms we lived in, a few places we walked,
a few friends and family we loved. Now it’s gone, and no one could ever really make sense of why.
杰里米和我所熟悉的世界只不过是我们所居住的房子、几处散步的地方、几个朋友以及 我们所热爱的家人。
如今一切全完了，但却始终无人能真正弄清这到底是怎么回事。

I think Jeremy always suspected he had a higher purpose. I don’t believe it was an accident that
he was on Flight 93. It wasn’t mere luck that an airline passenger with precisely the right physical
skills to abort one of the terror missions happened to be on the only plane hijacked that day
where there was an opportunity to do that.
我觉得杰里米一直认为他生来就肩负有崇高使命。我也并
不认为杰里米乘坐上第9 3次航班是出于偶然。一位具有足够挫败恐怖行径体能的旅客正好搭乘了那天被劫
持的飞机中唯一一个可 以有机会进行反击劫机 者的航班，这不仅仅是一种巧合。

Jeremy was 31 when he died, had been married to me for five years and knew his daughter for
barely three months. Yet I consider us blessed.
杰里米去世时31岁，和 我结婚了五年，和他的女儿相
处了三个月都不到。可我认为我们是幸福的。
He and I left nothing unsaid or undone, and he managed to give Emmy and me everything we
need. And sometimes, when I’m watching and listening, I can still feel him near me, leading me
forward into the rest of my life.
他与我之间未留下任何未尽之言或未竟之事。他 总是努力给埃米和我带

来我们所需的一切。有时，当我留神观察和倾听时，我仍然能感到 他就在我的身边，在我有生之年指引我
向前。


Unit 5

Text
Is it ever proper for a medical doctor to lie to his patient? Should he tell a patient he is dying?
These questions seem simple enough, but it is not so simple to give a satisfactory answer to them.
Now a new light is shed on them.
医生可以对病人撒谎吗医生应该告诉病人他已经病入膏肓了吗这些问
题看起来很简单，但是要给出令人满意的回答却并不那么简单。这里给了他们一线光明。

TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE -- THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMA

撒谎还是不撒谎-- 医生的难题

Sissela Bok
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients -- to speed recovery or to conceal the approach
of death?
为了对病人有好处-- 为了加快病人康复或不让病人知道死亡的来临--医生到底该不该撒谎。
In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often
seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of
secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.
医疗行业与法律、政府及其他行业一
样，往往显得对诚实与否的问题不那 么看重，要紧的倒是另外的一些事情，譬如，应设法避免可怕的消息
造成的打击，或是应考虑恪守保密的 诺言，或是需要揭露腐败行为或促进公众利益等。

What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical
checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is
found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months?
举例说吧。一个46岁
的男子，在与家人外出度假之前进行常规体格 检查，虽然他自我感觉良好，但医生发现他患了某种癌症，6
个月内就会死去。
Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the
gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?
这时，
医生该怎么对他讲呢是不是最好对他讲实话要是他问起检查结果， 医生该不该否认他得了病该不该将病情
的严重性缩小到最低限度该不该将真情至少隐瞒到他全家度假之后 ？

Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for
the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
医生们常常面
临这样的非常紧迫的选择。他们不时认为，为了病人自身的利益，撒 谎很有必要，在他们看来，这种谎言
与利己的谎言截然不同。

Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the
truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they
may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
研究结果表明，大多
数医生深 信身患重病的人不想知道他们的真实病情，如果将真情相告，则有可能 使他们完全失去希望，结
果使他们恢复得更慢或恶化得更快，甚至会自寻短见。
As one physician wrote:
that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do
no harm.'
正如一位内科医生写道：“我们这个职业，传统上恪守一条信条，那就是 '尽可能不造成伤害'，
这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话的美德”。

Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they

assume will no harmand may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable
placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to
the incurably ill and the dying.
有了这样一个 指导原则，一些医生可能渐渐习惯于采用他们认为对病人
很可能有益而“无害”的骗人做法。他们可能开 出无数帖安慰剂，说一些没有事实根据的打气的话，并歪
曲严重的病情，对那些患有不治之症和濒临死亡 的病人，则尤其如此。

But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be
documented.
然而，现在开始有人提出证据，说明这种欺骗旨在给病人带来好处的说法是虚幻的。
Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of
patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn
that they have been misled.
研究结果表明，与 许多医生的想法相反，绝大多数病人确实想知道真实情
况，甚至是严重的病情。当他们了解到医生没有对 他们讲真话的时候，他们感到自己被玩弄了。
We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with
illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.

我们还获悉，将真实情况妥 当地告诉病人，能帮助他们与病魔作斗争，有助于他们更好地忍受疼痛，减少
用药，甚至在手术后更快地 康复。

Not only do lies not provide the hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they
invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning
their own health, including the choice of whether to be patient in the first place.
谎言不仅 不能提
供鼓吹“仁慈”欺骗的人们所希望的那种“帮助”，它还侵犯了病人的个人自由，使他们不能对有 关自己健
康的问题作出明达的选择，包括要不要就医这一首要的选择。
We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness
when information is denied or distorted.
我们越来越意识到，病 人发病期间，在不知病情或未被如实
地告知病情的情况下，他们会遭到什么样的不幸。

Dying patients especially -- who are easies to mislead and most often kept in the dark -- can then
not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or
have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how
they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.
特别是濒临死亡的病人--他们最易受骗也最会
被人蒙在鼓里-- 因此而不能作出临终前的种种有关抉择: 是否要住进医院，或进行手术，在何处与何人度过
所剩下的一 点时间，以及如何处理完自己的事务而后与世长辞。
Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their
credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well.
谎言也伤害说谎的人，损害他们的 诚实，并最终损害他们
的信誉。谎言还伤害他们的同事。由于病人 怀疑有欺骗行为，许多对病人十分开诚布公的医生的工作也因
此受到影响。
The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest
with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of
injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.
病人的不信任使医疗诉讼案增多，造成医生避免风险的
“防御性诊治 ”增多，而这些又进而有损于整个医疗事业。

Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers.
剧烈的冲突正在出现。病
人开始学会催问真实情况。
Patients' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives
for treatment.
根据病人应享有的权利的规定，医生应将病情和可供选择的治疗方案通告病人。
Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most
eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices.
许多医
生尽可能向病人提供这些情况。然而，即使在对病人的权益考虑 得最周到的医院里，信奉“仁慈”欺骗的

医生们继续他们传统的古老做法。
Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take
part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.
同事们也许不赞同，但
避免公开表示反对。护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝 ，但要抵制却感到无能
为力。

There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as
well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem
avoidable only through deception.
及时对这个问题进 行公开辩论非常必要。不仅在医疗业，而且在其
他行业，从业者不断发现，自己常处于似乎不采用欺骗手 段就无法避免严重后果的困难处境。
Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are
peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, nor
in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, you
don't know can't hurt you.
但是公众完全有理由对职业性欺骗保持警惕，因为这种做法特别容易变得根
深蒂固，蔓延滋长，并损害信 任。无论医疗界、法律界、政府机构还是社会科学界，都不应从“不知者，
不为所害”这句老话中得到丝 毫慰藉。

New Words
dilemma
n. a situation in which one has to make a choice between two equally unsatisfactory things; a
difficult choice 窘境，进退两难
benefit
vt. do good to 有益于
recovery
n. the process or fact of getting back to a former state of good health; the state of recovering or
being recoverd 痊愈；复得
conceal
vt. hide, keep from being seen or known 隐瞒
line
n. a business, profession, trade, etc. 行业
dwarf
vt. cause to appear small by comparison 使矮小，使相形见绌
n. a person, animal, or plant of much less than the usual size 矮小；矮小的动（植）物
shelter
vi. take shelter; find protection 躲避
vt. provide shelter for; protect 掩蔽；庇护
brutal
a. cruel, severe残忍的
uphold
vt. support 支撑；维护
secrecy
n. the practice of keeping secrets; the state of being secret
expose
vt. disclose; leave uncovered or unprotected 揭露；暴露
corruption

n. dishonesty; immoral behaviour 腐化，道德败坏
promote
vt. help to grow or develop; raise in rank, condition, or importance 促进，推进；提升
checkup
n. a general medical examination
minimize
vt. reduce to the smallest possible amount or degree
gravity
n. the quality of being serious critical 严重性
confront
vt. meet face to face; oppose （勇敢地）面对；对抗
urgently
ad. in an urgent manner 紧急地，急迫地
urgent
a. 紧急的，急迫的
self-serving
a. serving one's own interests; seeking advantage for oneself 利已的
recover
vi. get well; get back to a normal condition
deteriorate
v. (cause to ) become worse （使）恶化
suicide
n. the act of killing oneself
physician
n. a doctor of medicine 内科医生
traditionally
ad. by tradition; in a traditional manner
precept
n. a rule of moral conduct; maxim 戒律；格言
transcend
vt. rise above or go beyond the limits of; surpass 超越
virtue
n. goodness or moral excellence; a good quality 美德；优点
utter
vt. speak; give out发声 做出
deceptive
a. deceiving or misleading; meant to deceive
innumerable
a. too many to be counted
placebo
n. substance given instead of real medicine to a patient for psychological effect 安慰剂
warrant
vt. justify; authorize; guarantee 使有（正当）理由；授权（给）；担保
distort

vt. give a false account of; twist out of the usual shape 歪曲；弄歪
grave
a. serious; requiring careful consideration 严重的；严肃的
incurably
ad. beyond cure
illusory
a. deceptive and unreal; based on an illusion 虚幻的
deception
n. deceiving or being deceived; a trick intended ot deceive 欺骗；诡计
document
vt. prove or support with documents 用文件证明
contrary
a. completely different or wholly opposed 相反的；对抗的
overwhelming
a. too many, too great, or too much to be resisted 势不可挡的；压倒之势的
betray
vt. be unfaithful to; deceive 背叛
truthful
a. true
humanely
ad. tenderly, kind-heartedly 仁爱地；人道地
tolerate
vt. allow or endure with protest 容忍
advocate
n. person who speaks for an idea, way of life, etc. 拥护者，倡导者
benevolent
a. intending or showing good will, kindly, friendly 仁慈的
invade
vt. enter (a country) with armed forces in order to attack; violate, interfere with 侵犯
autonomy
n. (the right of) self-government; freedom to determine one's own actions, behavior, etc. 自治
（权）；自主
render
vt. cause to be致使 给与补偿
informed
a. having knowledge or information; having and using suitable knowledge 了解情况的;有见识的
concerning
prep. about, with regard to
increasingly
ad. more and more all time
befall( befell, befallen)
vt. (use. sth. bad ) happen to (sb.) 降临到„„头上
integrity
n. honesty or sincerity; wholeness 诚实，正直；完整

credibility
n. the quality of being believable; trustworthiness 可靠性；可信
colleague
n. an associate; fellow worker or member of a profession or organization 同事
suspicion
n. doubt; mistrust 怀疑
deceit
n. deception; a dishonest trick 欺骗
undercut
vt. undermine; weaken 暗中破坏；削弱
scrupulously
ad. carefully; conscientiously 一丝不苟地
spiral
n. a curved shape which winds round; a continuous and expanding increase or decrease 螺旋
（形）；盘旋上升（或下降）
lawsuit
n. a noncriminal case in a court of law 诉讼（案件）
injure
vt. cause physical harm to; damage
arise (arose)
vi. move or go upward; come into existence 上升；出现
bill
n. 法案；议案；账单
alternative
n. a choice between two or more things; any of the things to be chosen 抉择;可供选择的东西
treatment
n. a substance or method used in treating someone medically 治疗；疗法
eloquent
a. having the power of expressing one's feeling or thoughts with grace and force 雄辩的
disapprove
vt. consider not good or not suitable; have or express an opinion against 不赞成
refrain
vi. hold oneself back; keep oneself (from doing sth.) 忍住；戒除
object
vi. be against sth. or sb. 反对
objection
n. 反对
bitterly
ad. sharply severely
deceive
vt. cause (sb.) to believe sth. that is false 欺骗
debate
vt. argue about (sth.) in an effort to persuade other people 辨论
issue

n. a question that arises for discussion 问题；争端
practitioner
n. a professional man, esp. in medicine or in law 开业者（尤指医生、律师等）
consequence
n. result; importance 后果；重要性
avoidable
a. that can be prevented from happening
wary
a. cautious; in the habit of looking out for possible danger or trouble 谨慎的；谨防的
erode
vt. wear away; eat into 腐蚀
saying
n. a well-known wise statement; proverb 格言；谚语

Phrases & Expressions
go on (a trip, vacation)
depart for the purpose of
at times
occasionally; now and then 间或；有时
in one's eyes
in one's opinion
for one's (own) sake
for one's own benefit 为了某人自己的利益
slip into
fall into; enter (esp. through carelessness) 陷入
contrary to
opposite to; despite
in the first place
firstly
in the course of during
during
in the dark
uninformed; ignorant 不知情，蒙在鼓里
bring to a close
end 结束，终止
take leave (of)
say goodbye (to)
in the long run
in the end; ultimately 从长远的观点看；最终
go to great lengths
do anything possible, however dangerous, unpleasant, wicked, etc. 不遗余力
refrain from
not do, stop
day after day

each day
take a one's stand
declare one's position, loyalty, opinions, etc., and be prepared to fight (for these opinions, etc.)表
明立场、意见等



Unit 6

Text

But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn't preserve its
physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in the true
sense of the word and make it a part of yourself.
“不要在书上做记号！”无数教师、图书管理员和家长都曾这样建议。但是莫蒂默• 艾德勒并不同意。 他认
为只要你拥有这本书而且不需要保护它的外观，做记号将会让你真正意义上拥有这本书并且使它成为 你的
一部分。怎样在书上做记号

HOW TO MARK A BOOK

Mortimer J. Adler
You know you have to read the linesto get the most out of anything. I want to
persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to
persuade you to between the you do, you are not likely to do the most
efficient kind of reading.
你知道读书要“深入字里行间”，以求最充分的理解。我劝你在读书过程中做一件同样重要的事情。我想劝你“在字里行间写字”。不这样做，你的读书就不可能是最有效的。

You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books
expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness
of marking books, you will have to buy them.
你不应该在不是你自己的书上做记号。借给你书的图书管
理员 (或你的朋友) 希望你保持书的整洁，再说你也应该这样做。如果你认为我说的在书上做记号颇有益处
这番话是对的话，你就得自己买书。
There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by
paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture.
一个人拥有书的方法有两种，第一种是花钱取
得财产所有权，就像你花钱买衣服和家具一样。
But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you
have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.

但花钱买书只是占有它的前奏。只有在你将它化为你自己的一部分之后，你才完全占有 了它。而把你自己
变为书的一部分的最好方法就是在书中写字。

An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's
icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you
consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in
your bloodstream to do you any good.
打个比方也 许可以把这一点说清楚。你买下一块牛排，把它从肉
铺的冰箱里转移到你的冰箱中。但从最重要的意义上 来说，你还没有占有它，除非你吃下它并将它吸收进
你的血液之中。我的论点是，书的营养也只有在被吸 收进你的血液中时，才能对你有所裨益。

There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -- unread,
untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.)
书籍拥有者可以分为三种。第一种
人藏有全部标准的成套书和畅销书-- 既没有读过，也没有碰过。(这位占有的只是纸浆和油墨，而不是书。)
The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but
all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to
make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.)
第二种人
藏书很多--有几本从头至尾读过，大部分浅尝辄止，但全都跟新买时一样整洁光亮。 （此君很可能想使书真
的为其所有，但因错误地过分关注书籍的外观而裹足不前。）
The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and
loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)

第三种人藏书或多或少--因不断使用，每本书都弄成书角卷起，破旧不堪，装订破损，书页松散，全书 从扉
页至末页画满了记号，涂满了字句。（此人是书的真正拥有者。）

Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound
edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of
my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue.
你
或许会问，将一本印刷精美、装 帧雅致的书保存完好，难道也是不恰当的吗当然不是。我决不会在一本初
版的《失乐园》上乱涂乱写，就 像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一盒蜡笔交给我的婴孩任意涂抹一样! 我
决不会在一幅油画或一尊塑像上画记号。

Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly
manufactured volume is like that of painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding
or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.
可以
说，它们的灵魂与其躯体是不可分开的。一部珍本或一本装帧华 美的书的美，同一幅油画或一尊塑像的美
是一样的。如果你对华美的装帧或印刷的尊重妨碍你读书，那就 买一种便宜的版本，将你的敬意献给作者。

Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean
merely conscious; I mean wide awake.)
为什么在书上做记号对阅读是必不可少的呢？首先，它会使你
保持清醒。（我不是仅仅指它让你神 志清醒；我的意思是它能使你全神贯注。）

In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in
words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book.
其次，如果阅读
是一种能动的行为，那么它就 是思考，而思考常常需借助口头的或书面的语言来表达。作了记号的书，通
常是读者认真思考过的书。
Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.
Let me develop these three points.
最后，写可以帮助你记住你阅读时的思想，或作者所表达的思想。
让我进一步就这三点谈一谈。


If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. you can't let your
eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read.
如果阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那就应该是一种积极的思维活动。 仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，
你就不可能对所读的内容有所理解。
Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say,
active kind of reading.
当然，一部普通的消遣小说，譬如说《飘》，并不需要那种最积极的思维式的阅读。
The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a

great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental
questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.
作为消遣的书，可以轻松地
读而不会有所失。但一本思想丰富、文字华美，试图提出带根本性的重大问题并加以回答的伟大著作，则
要求你尽可能地进行最积极的阅读。
You don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You
have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you're asleep.
你不能像欣赏瓦利先生的低声吟唱
那样，学到约翰• 杜威的思想。你得花费气力方可获得。漫不经心是做不到这一点的。

If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you
read actively.
如果当你读完一本书的时候，书页上写满了你的批注，你就知道你的阅读是积极的了。
The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of
Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know.
我所知道的最< br>有名的采用积极方式阅读伟大著作的人，是芝加哥大学的校长哈钦斯。他也是我所知道的公务最繁忙的人。
He invariably read with pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the
evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls caviar
factoriesdown. He knows he's too tired
to read, and he's just wasting time.
他读书时总是拿着铅笔。有时 ，当他在晚上拿起书和铅笔的时候，发
觉自己不是在做有意义的笔记，而是在页边空白处画些他称之为“ 鱼子酱工厂”的东西，一出现这种情况，
他就放下书本。他知道自己太累，读不下去了，完全是在浪费时 间。
But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand,
brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your
memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the
questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those
questions.
但是，你或许会问，写有何必要呢要知道，亲手书写的动作会使词语和 句子更加鲜明地呈现在
你的脑海里，更好地储存在你的记忆中。将你对所读的重要词语和句子的感受写下 来，将它们在你脑子里
引起的问题记下来，就可以将这些感受长久保存下来，并可以使那些问题更加明确 起来。
You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement,
disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It's like resuming an interrupted conversation with the
advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.
当你下周或来年重新拿起这本书的时候，你的各
种观 点，同意的、反对的、怀疑的、质询的，统统一目了然。这如同谈话一度被打断，现在又可以在上次
停下 的地方接着谈下去了。
And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author.
Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you'll have the proper
humility as you approach him.
读书就该这么个读法: 你同作者应进行对话。很可能作者在有关的问题上
比你懂得多，你接近 他的时候表示适度的谦恭是很自然的。
But don't let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end.
Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn't consist in being an empty receptacle. The
learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher,
once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of
your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author.
但不要 轻信他人，以为读者只有全盘接
受的份儿。理解是一种双向活动。学习并不是往空的容器中装东西。学生 应当向自己也向教师提问题。一
旦理解了教师所讲的内容，他甚至还得与教师展开争论。而在书上做记号 ，实际上就是表达你赞同或不赞
同作者观点的一种方式。

There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here's the way I

do it:
在书上做记号，有各种各样好的、行之有效的方法。现将我的做法叙述如下:

1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements.
在文字下面划线: 划出主要论
点及重要的或者有力的论述。

2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined.
在页边空白处划竖线:
强调已划线的论述部分。

3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emphasize the ten or
twenty most important statements in the book.
在页边空白处画五星或六星记号，或其他小符号: 这
种记号宜珍惜着用。可用来强调书中十处或二 十处最重要的论述。

4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes in developing a
single argument.
在页边空白处写数字: 标明作者展开一个论据的各点顺序。

5. Number of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made
points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be
separated by many pages, belong together.
在页边空处写其他页的页码: 标明作者在本书其他地方所
写的与本论点有关的论点，也可以 通过这一办法将书中虽分散各处，但密切有关的观点联系起来。

6. Circling of key words or phrases.
在关键字眼或短语上画圆圈。

7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions
(and perhaps answers) which a passage raise in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to
a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book.
在页边空白处
或上下两端加批注: 其目的是记下某段文章在你脑子里引起的问题 (也许还有答案)；简要记下复杂的论述；
记录贯串全书的一系列的重要论点。

I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author's points in
the order of their appearance.
我利用书末的衬页将作者的观点按出现的先后 次序编成一个索引。

The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy
bookplate, I reserve them for fancy thinking.
书前的衬页对我来说是最重要 的。有些人将它们留作贴花
哨的藏书票用。我将它们留作奇思异想的天地。
After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I
turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I've already
done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts.
This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the work.
在我读完一本书并在卷尾衬页
上做好我的个人索引之后，我便翻到卷 首，试着将全书作一概述，不是逐页地或逐点地进行（那个我在卷
尾已经做了），而是作为一个整体，基 本上前后连贯，各部分排列有序。对我来说，这个概述表明了我对该
著作理解的程度。


New Words
persuade
vt. cause (sb.) to do sth. by reasoning, arguing, etc. 说服，劝服
librarian
n. 图书馆管理员
property
n. (collectively) things owned; possessions 财产
prelude
n. action, event, etc. that serves as an introduction 序幕；前奏曲
possession
n. possessing; ownership; (pl.) property 拥有；所有权；财产

ownership
n. the possessing (of sth.); right of possessing 所有（权）
illustration
n. an example which explains the meaning of sth.; an explanatory picture, diagram, etc. 例；图
例；插图
beefsteak
n. 牛排
transfer
vt. hand over the possession of (property, etc.); change officially from one position, etc. to
another 转移；调动
butcher
n. a person who kills, cuts up and sells animals for food 屠夫
icebox
n. a box where food is kept cool with blocks of ice; (AmE) refrigerator
bloodstream
n. the blood as it flows through the blood vessels of the body 血流
absorb
vt. take or such in (liquids); take in (knowledge, ideas, etc.)吸收
best-seller
n. book that is sold in very large numbers 畅销书
individual
n. any one human being ( contrasted with society ) 个人
woodpulp
n. 木（纸）浆
dip
v. plunge or be plunged quickly or briefly into a liquid, esp. to wet or coat 浸；蘸
shiny
a. giving off light as if polished; bright 发亮的
restrain
vt. prevent; control; hold back 抑制；控制，约束
dogeared
a. (of a book) having the corners of the pages bent down with use, like a dog's ears(书页)卷角的
dilapidated
a. (of things) broken and old; falling to pieces 破旧的；倾坍的
loosen
v. make or become loose or looser （使）松开
continual
a. repeated; frequent 不断的；频繁的
scribble
v. write hastily or carelessly; write meaningless marks on paper, etc. 潦草书写；乱涂
preserve
vi. keep safe from harm of danger 保护；保存
intact
a. untouched; undamaged 完整无损的

elegantly
ad. beautifully; gracefully 优美地；雅致地
elegant
a. 优美的；雅致的
bind (bound)
vt. tie or fasten with a rope, etc.; fasten together sheets of (a book) and enclose within a cover
捆，绑；装订（书）
edition
n. form in which a book is published; total number of copies (of a book, newspaper, etc.) issued
from the same types （书等的）版本；版
paradise
n. the Garden of Eden; Heaven 伊甸园；天堂
crayon
n. 蜡笔； 颜色笔
original
a. of or relating to an origin or beginning; being the first instance or source from which a cop
can be made 最初的；原著的；原创作者的
painting
n. a painted picture; picture
statue
n. an image of a person or animal in wood, stone, bronze, etc. 雕像
inseparable
a. impossible to separate from one another
manufacture
vt. make, produce on a large scale by machinery 制造；（大量）生产
magnificent
a. splendid; remarkable 华丽的；宏伟的
indispensable
a. absolutely essential or necessary 必不可少的
conscious
a. aware; able to feel and think 有意识的；神志清醒
understanding
n. knowledge of the nature of sth., based esp. on learning or experience 理解
fiction
n. (branch of literature concerned with) stories, novels and romances 小说
croon
vi. sing gently in a low soft voice, usu. with much feeling 低声吟唱
reader
n. person who reads
invariably
ad. unchangeable; constantly 不变地；始终如一地
intelligent
a. having or showing a high degree of powers of reasoning or understanding 聪明的
caviar(e)

n. 鱼子酱
sharpen
v. become or make sharp(er)
disagreement
n. the fact or a case of disagreeing; lack of similarity 分歧；不一致
disagree
vi. 不同意
inquiry
n. question; asking 询问
resume
vt. go on after stopping for a time （中断后）重新开始
naturally
ad. of course; as one could have expected
humility
n. humble condition or state of mind 谦卑
solely
ad. not including anything else or any others; only
sole
a.单独的 唯一的
receptacle
n. a container for keeping things in 容器
literally
ad. actually; virtually 确实地；简直
fruitfully
ad. productively; with good results 富有成果地
fruitful
a. 富有成果的
underline
vt. draw a line under (a word, etc.) esp. to show importance 在„„下划线（表示强调）
forceful
a. strong; powerful
vertical
a. 垂直的
emphasize
vt. call attention to; stress 强调
asterisk
n. a starlike mark used to call attention to sth. 星号（即*）
doo- dad
n. (informal) a fancy, trifling ornament 小装饰物
sparingly
ad. economically; frugally 节约地
sequence
n. succession; connected line of events, ideas, etc. 顺序；连续；一连串
relevant

a. connected with what is being discussed; appropriate 有关的；适宜的
phrase
n. 短语
end-paper
n. (often pl.) a piece of blank paper stuck inside the cover at the beginning or end of a book 衬页
index
n. 索引
fancy
a. not ordinary; brightly coloured 别致的；花哨的
bookplate
n. a piece of paper with the owner's name, usu. pasted to the inside front cover of a book藏书票
integrate
vt. put or bring together (parts) into a whole 使成一整体
structure
n. way in which sth. is put together, organized, etc.; framework or essential parts of a building
结构
basic
a. essential; fundamental 主要的；基本的
unity
m. an arrangement of parts to form a complete whole; the state of being united 总体布局；统一

Phrases & Expressions
read between the lines
(fig.) find more meaning than the words appear to express 体会字里行间的言外之意
do(sb.) good
help or benefit (sb.) 帮助（某人）；对（某人）有益
dip into
read or study for a short time or without much attention 浏览；稍加探究
no more……than……
in no greater degree……than……
a set of
a number of (thing that belong together) 一套
so to speak say
(used as an apology for an unusual use of a word or phrase) as one might say; if I may use this
expression, etc. 可以说；容许我打个譬喻
get in the way
become a nuisance or hindrance 挡道；碍事
in the second place
as the second thing in order or importance 第二，其次
think through
think about until one reaches an understanding or conclusion 彻底全面考虑
reach for
stretch out one's hand to grasp; make an effort to grasp 伸手去抓；努力争取
set down

write down on paper
pick up
start again after interruption 中断后重新开始
leave off
stop
consist in
lie in; be equivalent to 在于；存在于
tie up
connect closely; fasten with rope, etc. 系紧；捆牢
reduce……to
state in a more concise form; summarize as 把„„归纳为

Proper Names
Rembrandt 伦勃朗（姓氏）
Dewey 杜威（姓氏）
Vallee 瓦利（姓氏）
Hutchins 哈钦斯
Chicago 芝加哥（美国城市）


Unit 7

Text
A young man finds it very difficult to say no to a woman as a result he gets into trouble. The
restaurant to which he has agreed to take his luncheon date is far too expensive for his small
pocketbook. How, then, will he be able to avoid the embarrassing situation?
一个年轻人 发觉很难拒
绝一位女士，他因此陷入了困境。他同意进行午餐聚会的那家餐厅对他可怜的荷包来说实在太 昂贵了。那
么怎样他才能避免这种尴尬的处境呢
THE LUNCHEON
午餐

et Maugham

I caught sight of her at the play, and in answer to her beckoning I went over during the interval
and sat down beside her.
我是在看戏的时候见到她的。幕间休息时，我应她的招呼走了过去，在她旁边
坐下。
It was long since I had last seen her, and if someone had not mentioned her name I hardly think I
would have recognised her. She addressed me brightly.
我上次见到她已是很久以前的事了，要不是有
人提起她的名字，我想我几 乎会认不出她来。她兴致勃勃地跟我谈了起来。


Do you remember the first time I saw you? You asked me to luncheon.
“瞧，自从我们初次相见已
经好多年了。真是光阴似箭啊!我俩都不年轻啦。你还记得我初次见到你吗 你请我吃的午餐。”
Did I remember?
我能不记得吗？

It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin Quarter
overlooking a cemetery, and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together.

那是20年前的事了，当时我住在巴黎。我在拉丁区租了一套小小 的公寓，从那里往下看去是一个公墓。我
挣的钱只够勉强维持生活。
She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and
presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would
like to have a chat with me; but her time was limited, and the only free moment she had was on
the following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg and would I give her a
little luncheon at Foyot's afterwards?
她读过 我的一本书，并曾跟我写信谈论该书。我回信向她致谢。
随即我又收到她的一封信，说她路过巴黎，想跟 我谈谈。但她的时间有限，只有下个星期四有空。那天上
午，她要去卢森堡宫，问我是不是愿意中午请她 在福伊约餐厅吃顿便饭。

Foyot's is a restaurant at which the French senators eat, and it was so far beyond my means that I
had never even thought of going there. But I was flattered, and I was too young to have learned
to say no to a woman. (Few men, I may add, learn this until they are too old to make it of any
consequence to a woman what they say.)
福伊约餐厅是法国参议员光顾的地方，去那儿吃饭远远超过
我的经济能力，所以以前连想都没有想过。但我当时受宠若惊，况且年纪太轻，还没有学会对一位女士说
个“不”字。(附带说一句，没有几个男人学会这一招，而到他们学会时，往往年事已高，他们说什么对女
人来讲已无足轻重了。)
I had eight francs (gold francs) to last me the rest of the month, and a modest luncheon should
not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee for the next two weeks I could manage well enough.
我当月的生活费还有 80法郎 (金法郎)，一顿便餐花不了15法郎。如果我下两个星期不喝咖啡，还是满可
以对付过去的。
I answered that I would meet my friend -- by correspondence -- at Foyot's on Thursday at half
past twelve. She was not so young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than
attractive, she was, in fact, a woman of forty (a charming age, but not one that excites a sudden
and devastating passion at first sight), and she gave me the impression of having more teeth,
white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.
我回信说，我将于下星期
四十二点 半在福伊约餐厅会见我的朋友。她并不如我想象的那么年轻。她的外表与其说美貌动人，毋宁说
丰腴魁伟 ，气概非凡。事实上，她已有40岁了 (这是一个有魅力的年龄，但不是初次相见就能令你激情迸
发、 神魂颠倒的那种年纪)，长着一口洁白整齐的大牙齿，给我的印象是，其数目之多已超过了实际需要。
She was talkative, but since she seemed inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an
attentive listener.
她很健谈，不过因为她想谈的话题似乎总是关于我的事，所以我便洗耳恭听。

I was startled when the bill of fare was brought, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had
anticipated. But she reassured me.
菜单拿来时，我大吃一惊。价格比我预料的要高出许多。但她的话
使我宽了心。


“我午餐从不吃什么东西，”她说。


“哦，可别这么说!”我慷慨地回答。


I wonder if they have any salmon.
“我从来只吃一道菜。我认为现在人们吃得太多。或许来点鱼还行 。
我不知道他们有鲑鱼没有。”

Well, it was early in the year for salmon and it was not on the bill of fare, but I asked the waiter if
there was any. Yes, a beautiful salmon had just come in, it was the first they had had. I ordered it
for my guest. The waiter asked her if she would have something while it was being cooked.
啊，吃
鲑鱼 的季节还没有到，菜单上也没有，但是我还是问了侍者。有，刚刚进了一条头等鲑鱼，这是他们今年
第一 次进这种货。我为客人叫了一份。侍者问她在鲑鱼烹制的当儿，要不要吃点别的。

have a little caviare. I never

mind caviare.
“不要，”她回答说，“我向来只吃一道菜，除非你有鱼子酱。鱼子酱我是从不拒绝的。”

My heart sank a little. I knew I could not afford caviare, but I could not very well tell her that. I
told the waiter by all means to bring caviare. For myself I chose the cheapest dish on the menu
and that was a mutton chop.
我的心微微 一沉。我知道我是吃不起鱼子酱的，但我不便跟她直说，我吩
咐侍者务必拿鱼子酱来。我自己则点了菜单 上最便宜的一个菜，这就是羊排。



eating heavy things like chops. I don't believe in overloading my stomach.
“我看你吃肉是不明智
的，”她说。“我不知道你吃了羊排这种油腻 的东西后还怎么工作。我不赞成把肚子撑得太饱。”

Then came the question of drink.
接着而来的是饮料问题。


“我午餐从不喝饮料，”她说。


“我也是如此，”我马上答道。


so light. They're wonderful for the digestion.
“但白葡萄酒例外，”她接着说，就好像我刚才没说似的。
“法国的白 葡萄酒非常清淡，十分有助消化。”


“你想喝点什么”我依然客
气地问道，但算不上热情。

She gave me a bright and amicable flash of her white teeth.
她嫣然一笑，露出一口白牙。


“我的医生只让我喝香槟。”

I fancy I turned a trifle pale. I ordered half a bottle. I mentioned casually that my doctor had
absolutely forbidden me to drink champagne.
我猜想我的脸色一定有点发白了。我要了半瓶，顺便提
及我的医生绝对禁止我喝香槟酒。


“那你喝什么呢”


“水。”

She ate the caviare and she ate the salmon. She talked gaily of art and literature and music. But I
wondered what the bill would come to. When my mutton chop arrived she took me quite
seriously to task.
她吃了鱼子酱，又吃鲑鱼。她兴高采烈，大谈艺术、文学、音乐。但我心里却在嘀咕，
不知这顿饭要 花多少钱。当我的羊排上来时，她一本正经地教训起我来。


follow my example and just eat one thing? I'm sure you'd feel ever so much better for it.
“我看你
习惯中午吃得很多。我肯定这样不好，你为什么不效法我的样子，只吃一道菜呢我相信那样 你会感觉好得
多。”


“我是打算
只吃这一道菜，”我说。这时侍者又拿着菜单走了过来。

She waved him aside with an airy gesture.
她轻轻地一挥手，让他走开。


more as an excuse for conversation than anything else.
“我可不这样，我午 餐从不吃东西。要吃，也
只是稍许吃一点，从不多吃。而我吃这么一点，主要也是为了借此机会闲谈而已 。
I couldn't possibly eat anything more unless they had some of those giant asparagus. I should be
sorry to leave Paris without having some of them.
我可不能再吃什么东西了，除非他们有那种大芦笋。
到了巴黎，不吃点芦笋，那就太遗憾了。”

My heart sank. I had seen them in the shops, and I knew that they were horribly expensive. My
mouth had often watered at the sight of them.
我的心一沉。我曾在店里见过芦笋，我知道它贵得可怕。

过去我每 见芦笋，常常馋涎欲滴。


“夫人想知
道你们有没有那种大芦笋，”我问侍者。

I tried with all my might too will him to say no. A happy smile spread over his broad, pries-like
face, and he assured me that they had some so large, so splendid, so tender, that it was a marvel.

我竭尽全力想使他说没有。他那张宽阔的教士般虔诚的脸上展露出愉快的笑容，他用肯定的语气对我说，
他们有又大、又好、又嫩的芦笋，简直是罕见的珍品。

not in the least hungry,my guest sighed, if you insist I don't mind having some
asparagus.
“我一点也不饿，”我的客人叹道，“不过如果你执意要请我吃，我也不反对吃点芦笋。”

I ordered them.
我便点了这道菜。


“你不吃点吗”


“不，我从不吃芦笋。”


eat.
“我知道有人不喜欢芦笋。事实是，你吃肉太多，伤了胃口。”

We waited for the asparagus to be cooked. Panic seized me. It was not a question now how much
money I should have left over for the rest of the month, but whether I had enough to pay the bill.

我们等着芦笋烹制好送上来。我突然惊恐起来。现在的问题已不是我还能 剩下几个钱来维持这个月的生计
了，而是我的钱够不够付账。

It would be embarrassing to find myself ten francs short and be obliged to borrow from my guest.
I could not bring myself to do that. I knew exactly how much I had, and if the bill came to more I
made up my mind that I would put my hand in my pocket and with a dramatic cry start up and
say it had been picked.
要是我差十法郎，不得不向客人借的话， 那就太难堪了。我可做不出那样的事来。
身边到底有多少钱，我心里有底，倘若账单超过了这个数字，我 就决心这么办：伸手往口袋里一摸，随即
故意惊叫一声，跳起来说钱给小偷扒了。

Of course, it would be awkward if she had not money enough either to pay the bill. Then the only
thing would be to leave my watch and say I would come back and pay later.
当然，如果她的钱也不够
付 账的话，那就尴尬了。那样，唯一的办法就是将我的手表留下，言明以后再来付。
The asparagus appeared. They were enormous, juicy, and appetising. I watched the wicked
woman thrust them down her throat in large mouthfuls, and in my polite way I spoke about the
condition of the drama in the Balkans. At last the finished.
芦笋 端上来了。又大汁又多，令人垂涎不
止。我一面看着这个邪恶的女人大口大口地将芦笋往肚里塞，一面彬 彬有礼地谈论着巴尔干半岛戏剧界的
现状。她终于吃完了。


“喝点咖啡”我说。


“好，就来一客冰淇淋和咖啡吧，”她回答说。

I was past caring now, so I ordered coffee for myself and an ice-cream and coffee for her.
到这时，
我什么也不在乎了，为自己叫了咖啡，为她叫了一客冰淇淋和咖啡。

in,said, as she ate the ice-cream.
should always get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more.
“你知道，我坚信一点，”她
边吃冰淇淋边说道。“当一个人吃完 一顿饭站起来时，他应该感到还没有吃得十分饱。”


“你还饿吗？”我有气无力地问道。


then dinner, but I never eat more than one thing for luncheon. I was speaking for you.
“噢，不，
我不饿。你知道，我不吃午餐。我早晨一杯 咖啡，然后到晚上用餐，但我午餐向来最多只吃一道菜。适才
我这样说是为了你啊。”

“哦，我明白啦!”
Then a terrible thing happened. While we were waiting for the coffee the head waiter, with an
ingratiating smile on his false face, came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge peaches.
They had the blush of an innocent girl; they had the rich tone of an Italian landscape.
接着，发生
了一件可怕的事 情。当我们在等咖啡的时候，那个领班侍者，带着满脸奉承的笑容，拎来满满一大篮子特
大的桃子，红得 酷似天真少女的脸蛋，其色调之瑰丽犹如一幅意大利风景画。
But surely peaches were not in season then? Lord knew what they cost. I knew too -- a little later,
for my guest, going on with her conversation, absentmindedly took one.
当时桃子肯定还没有到上
市季节，只有上帝晓得买它们得花多少价钱。不 过很快我也晓得了，因为我的客人一边说着话，一边心不
在焉地拿了一只。

filled your stomach with a lot of meatone miserable little chop --
you can't eat any more. But I've just had a snack and I shall enjoy a peach.
“你看，你已经塞了一
肚子肉，”--她是指我那可怜的一小块羊排 --“不能再吃什么了。而我只不过来了点小吃，我还可以再品尝
一只桃子。”

The bill came, and when I paid it I found that I had only enough for a quite inadequate tip.
账单来
了。付过账后，我发现剩下的钱连付点像样的小费都不够了。
Her eyes rested for an instant on the three francs I left for the waiter, and I knew that she thought
me mean. But when I walked out of the restaurant I had the whole month before me and not a
penny in my pocket.
她的目光在我留给侍者的三个法郎上停了一会 儿，我知道她会觉得我是个吝啬鬼。
可是等走出餐厅，我面临着的将是整整一个月的开销要支付，而口袋 里却分文俱无。

my example,she said as we shook hands, never eat more than one thing for
luncheon.
“你学学我，”她边握手边说道，“午餐顶多只吃一道菜。”


“我会做得更好，”我回敬道，
“我今晚什么也不吃了。”


“幽默家!”她得意洋洋地
大声说着，跳上了一辆马车。“你是个十足的幽默家!”

But I have had my revenge at last. I do not believe that I am a vindictive man, but when the
immortal gods take a hand in matter it is pardonable to observe the result with complacency.
Today she weighs twenty-one stone.
但是我终于报了 仇。我自认不是一个爱报复的人，但是竟连不朽
的众神也被触怒而干预其事时，我怀着心满意足的心情目 睹这个结局，想必也是可以原谅的了。现今她的
体重已达二十一英石(二百九十四磅)。


New Words
luncheon
n.& vi. (formal word for) lunch
beckon
vt. signal to (sb.) by a motion of the hand or head 向„„招手或点头示意
apartment
n. a single room; (AmE) flat or a set of rooms 房间；（美）一套公寓住房
Latin
a. 拉丁的 n. 拉丁文
quarter
n. division of a town, esp. one of a special class of people （都市的）区，街
overlook

vt. have a view of from above; fail to see or notice 俯视；忽略
presently
ad. soon; (AmE) at the present time 不久；（美）目前
chat
n., vi. (have) a friendly informal conversation 闲谈，聊天
senator
n. a member of a senate 参议员，上议员
means
n. money, income, or wealth, esp. large enough to afford all one needs 财富，资产
franc
n. the unit of money in France, Belgium. Switzerland, and some other countries 法郎
modest
a. not large in quantity, size, value, etc. 不太大的；适度的
imposing
a. impressive because of size, appearance, or dignity 仪表堂堂的；宏伟的
attractive
a. having the power to attract; pleasing 吸引人的；有魅力的
charming
a. very pleasing; fascinating 有魅力的
devastating
a. destructive; causing ruin; sweeping everything before it 毁灭性的；压倒一切的
passion
n. strong feeling or enthusiasm, esp. of love or anger 激情
impression
n. 印象
talkative
a. having the habit of talking a great deal; fond of talking 好说话的；健谈的
inclined
a. likely; tending(to); encouraged 有„„倾向的
attentive
a. listening carefully; doing acts to satisfy the needs of another 专注的；体贴的，殷勤的
startle
vt. give a shock of surprise to; cause to move of jump 使吃惊，使惊跳
fare
n. food, esp. as provided at a meal 食物
bill of fare
a list of dishes; menu 菜单
reassure
vt. set a person's mind at rest 使安心
generously
ad. with readiness to give money, help, kindness, etc. 慷慨地，大方地
generous
a. 慷慨的，大方的
nowadays

ad. at the present time, now
salmon
n. 鲑鱼
menu
n. a list of courses at a meal or of dishes that can be served in a restaurant 菜单
mutton
n. meat from a fully grown sheep 羊肉
chop
n. a small piece of meat with bone in it （连骨的）块肉
overload
vt. put too large a load on or in; overburden 使过载消化
digestion
n. 消化
hospitable
a. generous in the treatment of a guest 好客的
effusive
a. (of feelings, signs of pleasure, gratitude, etc.) pouring out too freely; too demonstrative or
emotional 热情洋溢的；感情（过多)流露的
amicable
a. friendly; peaceful
flash
n. a sudden, quick bright light; a sudden display 闪烁；闪现
champagne
n. 香槟洒
fancy
vt. suppose, imagine
trifle
n. a thing, event, etc. of little value or importance 琐事
forbid (forbade or forbad, forbidden)
vt. command(sb.) not to do sth.; refuse to allow (sb.) to have, use, enter etc.禁止
gaily
ad. in a happy and joyous manner
literature
n. 文学（作品）
airy
a. light-hearted; affected 轻盈的；做作的
bite
n. piece cut off by biting
asparagus
n. (sing. or pl.) 芦笋
water
vi. (of the eyes or mouth) fill with watery liquid, esp. tears or saliva
Madame
n. use as a title of respect for a woman (esp. a foreign married woman)夫人

might
n. power, strength, force
will
vt. influence or compel, by exercising the power of the mind 以意志力使
assure
vt. tell firmly and with confidence esp. with the aim of removing doubt 保证；使确信
tender
a. delicate; not hard or difficult to bit through 柔弱的；柔嫩的
marvel
n. a wonderful thing. sth. causing great surprise
sigh
vi. let out a deep breath slowly and with a sound (indicating sadness, tiredness, relief, etc.)叹气
ruin
vt. destroy or spoil (completely) 毁灭 n. a condition of destruction and decay
panic
n. sudden, uncontrollable terror or anxiety 恐慌
oblige
vt. compel; require, bind (sb.) by a promise, oath, etc. 强迫，使不得不
dramatic
a. of drama; sudden or exciting, like an event in a stage play
pick
vt. steal
juicy
a. having a lot of juice 多液汁的
appetising
a. arousing or exciting the desire for food 引起食欲的，美味可口的
wicked
a. very bad, evil 邪恶的
thrust
vt. push suddenly or violently; make a forward stoke with a sword, knife, etc. 猛推；刺，戳
throat
n. 咽喉
mouthful
n. as much (food or drink) as fills the mouth
drama
n. a play for the theatre, radio or TV; composition, presentation and performance of such plays
戏剧
head waiter
n. a man in charge of the waiters in a restaurant hotel, or dining car
ingratiating
a. making oneself very pleasant to sb. in order to gain favour 讨好的，奉承的
peach
n. 桃子
blush

n. reddening of the face, from shame or confusion
innocent
a. (of people) simple, not able to recognize evil; not guilty 天真的；无罪的
landscape
n. a wide view of natural scenery; a picture of such a scene 风景；风景画
Lord
n. God 上帝，主
snack
n. a small, usu. hurriedly eaten meal 小吃
instant
n. a moment of time
mean
a. ungenerous; unkind 吝啬的；刻薄的
retort
vt. make a quick, angry and often amusing answer 反驳
humorist
n. a person who makes jokes in speech or writing
humor
n. 幽默
cab
n. a carriage for public hire; taxi
revenge
n. 报仇，报复 vt. 替„„报仇
vindictive
a. unforgiving; having or showing a desire for revenge
immortal
a. living for ever 不朽的
pardonable
a. that can be forgiven
complacency
n. self-satisfaction 自鸣得意
stone
n. the British unit of weight equal to 14 pounds (6.35 kilos)

Phrase & Expressions
catch sight of
see suddenly or unexpectedly
in answer to
in response to
keep body and soul together
remain alive, esp. by earning enough money to feed oneself 勉强维持生活
pass through
go through; experience 穿过；经历
be beyond one's means

be more than one can afford 付不起
cut out
leave out 停止使用，戒除
at first sight
when seen for the first time 乍看之下；第一眼就
be inclined to
be likely to; tend to 易于„„的；倾向于，想
come in
become seasonable or available 上市；有供应
cancould not very well
cancould not reasonably 不好
by all means
certainly; at all costs 一定；务必
a trifle
somewhat, a little
come to
amount to 总计
take (sb.) to task
criticize (sb.)申斥（某）人
be in the habit of
have the habit of 习惯于
(not) in the least
丝毫
Leave over
leave as remainder (the best part having being consumed )留下，剩下
bring oneself to
make oneself (do); force oneself to 强迫自己
make up one's mind
choose what to do; decide 决定
start up
make a sudden movement due to surprise, alarm, pain, etc. 惊动，惊起
speak for
make a request for; speak on behalf of 要求得到；为„„说话，为„„辩护
in season
available, fresh for use as food 正在当令之时
go on with
continue doing
takehave a hand in
be partly responsible for; share (an activity) 参加，介入

Proper Names
Paris 巴黎（法国首都）
the Luxemb(o)urg 卢森堡宫（巴黎）
Foyot 福伊约（巴黎一餐馆）

the Balkans 巴尔干半岛各国；巴尔干山脉
Lord God; Jesus Christ


Unit 8

Text
Would you choose to live underground if you could gain many advantages from doing so?
Weather would no longer trouble you. Temperature would remain the same all the year round.
Artificial lighting could make the rhythm of our life uniform everywhere. And the ecology of the
natural world above ground would be greatly improved. Still, the prospect of moving
underground may not be appealing to many people.
如果你能从中获得很多好处，你会选择住在地下
吗？天气再也不会带 来麻烦。全年恒温。人造光源使全世界的生活节奏保持一致。地面上自然世界的生态
将大幅改善。然而， 移居地下的前景对很多人来说并不具吸引力。

THE NEW CAVES

新洞穴

Isaac Asimov
During the ice ages, human beings exposed to the colder temperatures of the time would often
make their homes in caves. There they found greater comfort and security than they would have
in the open.
在冰河时代，人类当时面临较为寒冷的气 温，常常在洞穴里安家。他们发现在洞里生活要比
在野外更舒适，更安全。

We still live in caves called houses, again for comfort and security. Virtually no one would willingly
sleep on the ground under the stars. Is it possible that someday we may seek to add further to
our comfort and security by building our houses underground -- in new, manmade caves?
我们现
今仍然住在被称作房子的洞穴里，目的还是为了舒适和安全。事实上，没 有人愿意露宿在星空下的野地里。
会不会有朝一日为了更加舒适和安全起见，我们把房屋建造在地下-- 建造在新的人造洞穴里呢？

It may not seem a palatable suggestion, at first thought. We have so many evil associations with
the underground. In our myths and legends, the underground is the realm of evil spirits and of
the dead, and is often the location of an afterlife of torment.
乍一想来，这一建议 似乎并不可取。说
起地下，我们会产生许许多多不愉快的联想。在神话和传说里， 地下是魔鬼和亡灵的世界，它常常是人们
死后遭受折磨的地方。
(This may be because dead bodies are buried underground, and because volcanic eruptions make
the underground appear to be a hellish place of fire and noxious gases.)
（这可能因为尸体总是埋在
地下的缘故，而 火山爆发又给人们一种印象，似乎地下充满着火与毒气，如同地狱一般。）
Yet there are advantages to underground life, too, and something to be said for imagining whole
cities, even mankind generally, moving downward; of having the outermost mile of the Earth's
crust honeycombed with passages and structures, like a gigantic ant hill.
然而生活在地下也有其有
利之处，设想将整座城市，乃至全人类搬入地下是有一定的道理的。如果将 地 壳最表层一英里厚的地方筑
满通道和建筑物，就像一个巨大的蚁冢，这会给人类带来各种好处。

First, weather would no longer be important, since, it is primarily a phenomenon of the
atmosphere. Rain, snow, sleet, fog would not trouble the underground world. Even temperature
variations are limited to the open surface and would not exist underground. Whether day or
night, summer or winter, temperatures in the underground world remain equable and nearly

constant.
首先，气候将变得无关紧要，因为它主要是大气层的一种 现象。雨、雪、霰、雾将不会给地下
世界带来麻烦。甚至气温的变化也局限于露天地表，而在地下则不存 在这种变化。不论白天黑夜，炎夏寒
冬，地下世界的温度将保持平稳，近乎恒温。
The vast amounts of energy now expended in warming
our surface surroundings when they are too cold, and cooling them when they are too warm,
could be saved. The damage done to manmade structures and to human beings by weather
would be gone. Transportation over long distances would be simplified. (Earthquakes would
remain a danger, of course.)
如今，当我们的地表环境太冷 时，则需要取暖，而太暖时，又需降温，耗
费大量的能量。若搬到地下生活，则统统可以省去。天气对人 造的建筑物以及人类本身的损害将不复存在。
地区性的交通问题也将大为简化。（当然，地震将依然是个 危险。）

Second, local time would no longer be important. On the surface, the tyranny of day and night
cannot be avoided, and when it is morning in one place, it is noon in another, evening in still
another and midnight in yet another. The rhythm of human life therefore varies from place to
place.
其次，地方时间将无关紧要。地球表面昼夜分明 ，谁也无法避免，一处是早晨，另一处是中午，再
一处是黄昏，又一处是午夜。所以人类生活的节奏因地 而异。
Underground, where there is no externally produced day, but only perpetual darkness, it would
be arificial lighting that produces the day and this could be adjusted to suit man's convenience.
在
地下，没有外界生成的白天，而只有永恒的 黑暗，人工照明形成白昼，这就可以根据人的需要加以调整。
The whole world could be on eight-hour shifts, starting and ending on the stroke everywhere, at
least as far as business and community endeavors were concerned. This could be important in a
freely mobile world.
整个世界都可以实行八小时轮班制，各地都可能做到同时上班，同时下班，至少公
务活动和社会活动可以如此。这对于一个自由流动的社会来说极为重要。

Air transportation over long distances would no longer have entail lag.
on another coast or another continent would find the society they reached geared to the same
time of day as at home.
乘飞机长途旅行将不会再引起“时差反应”。抵达大 洋彼岸或另一片大陆的人会
发现他们所到的那个社会与自己家乡一样都是按照同一时间运行的。

Third, the ecological structure could be stabilized. To a certain extent, mankind encumbers the
Earth. It is not only his enormous numbers that take up room; more so, it is all the structures he
builds to house himself and his machines, to make possible his transportation and
communication, to offer him rest and recreation.
第三，生态结构将会稳定下来。在一定程度上，人
类拖累了地球。这 不仅仅是指众多的人口占据了地球的空间，更多的是指人类为住家和安装机器构筑的房
子，为交通运输、 为休息、娱乐建造的各种设施。
All these things distort the wild, depriving many species of plants and animals of their natural
habitat -- and sometimes, involuntarily, favoring a few, such as rats and roaches.
这一切致使荒野
面目全非，剥夺了许多种动植物栖息、生长的天然场所-- 有时候，无意中还促进了诸如老鼠和蟑螂之类的某
些生物的繁衍。
If the works of man were removed below ground -- and, mind you, below the level of the natural
world of the burrowing animals -- man would still occupy the surface with his farms, his forestry,
his observation towers, his air terminals and so on, but the extent of that occupation would be
enormously decreased.
如果人类的建筑物都搬到地下-- 请注意，要搬到穴居动物生活的地层以下-- 人类
仍将占据地球表面，种地、植林、造了望台和航空站等等，但占有的程度将大大减小。
Indeed, as one imagines the underground world to become increasingly elaborate, one can
visualize much of the food supply eventually deriving from hydroponic growth in artificially
illuminated areas underground. The Earth's surface might be increasingly turned over to park and
to wilderness, maintained at ecological stability.
的确，可以想见随着地下世界变得越来越精巧复杂，

Text Book 4
Unit 1
Text
Two college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted
by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn
that if something seems too good to be true, it probably is.
一个大学男孩，不清 楚赚钱需要付出艰苦
的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。男孩们很快 就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多
半确实不是真的。

BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAY
轻轻松松赚大钱
John G. Hubbell

the indignity of having to ask for money all the time.
bag someone had hung on our doorknob.
“你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊 严的话，这兴许是一种办法。”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装
在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work (Bucks the Easy Way!of
delivering more such bags.
塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招 聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚
钱。(“轻轻松松赚大钱!”)


“我不在乎失不失尊严，”大儿子回答说。


“我可以忍受，”他的弟弟附和道。

，
embarrasses you.
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子，真使我痛心，”我说。

The boys said they would look into the magazine- delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business
trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was
my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone.
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。我听
了很高兴，便离城出差去了。午夜 时分，我已远离家门，在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。电话铃
响了，是妻子打来的。她想知道我 这一天过得可好。


“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。“你过得怎么样”
我问道。


front.
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。”


“又一辆卡车”?

one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second
brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be
four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's
happening.
“今晚第三辆了。第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告；第二辆运来四千份西
尔斯-罗伯 克百货公司的广告。我不知道这一辆装的啥，但我肯定又是四千份什么的。既然这事是你促成
的，我想你 或许想了解事情的进展。”

What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to
hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The
company had promised our boys $$600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday
morning.
我之所以受到指责，事情原来是这样：由于发生了一起报业 工人罢工，通常夹在星期日报纸里

的广告插页，必须派人直接投送出去。公司答应给我们 的孩子六百美金，任务是将这些广告插页在星期天
早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。


“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。


“六百块!”
他的弟弟应声道，“我们两个钟点就能干完!”


thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are
carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?
“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常
都是报纸那么大的四页，”妻子告诉我说，“现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页 广告。就在我们说话的当儿，
两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。这么多广告，我们可怎么办”。< br>
boys to get busy,do what they have to
do.
“你让孩子们快干，”我指示说。“他们都是大学生了。他们自己的事得由他们自己去做。”

At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my
wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of
ad inserts.
第二天中午，我回到旅馆，看到一份紧急留言，要我马上给妻 子回电话。她的声音高得很不自
然，而 且有些颤抖。家里又运到了好几卡车的广告插页。

department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on.
Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of
advertising here!
“有百货公司的，廉价商店的，杂货店的，食品店的，汽 车行的，等等。有些像整本
杂志那么厚。我们这里有数十万页，说不定是几百万页的广告!

They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's
only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together,
slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag.
我们家整个房子 从东墙到西墙，
从南墙到北墙统统堆满了广告，一堆又一堆，比你大儿子还要高。现在只剩下一点点空间，刚够一个人走
进去，从十一种插页中各取一份，卷在一起，套上橡皮筋，再塞进一只塑料袋内。
We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!Her voice kept
rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. this must be delivered by
seven o'clock Sunday morning.
我们的塑料袋足够供应全美所有的外卖餐厅!”她越 讲声音越响，几乎震
耳欲聋。“这么多的广告必须在星期日早晨七 点以前统统送出去。”
banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you
later. Got a lunch date.”
“嗯，你最好让孩子们尽快地捆扎装袋，等会儿我再跟你谈。我有个午餐约会。”

When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife.
我餐后回来，妻子又打来一只紧急电
话。


now than to say so.
“你午餐吃得不错吧”她用悦耳的声音问道。我吃的牛排好极了，但 这次我学乖了，
还是不说为妙。


“糟透了，”我报告说。“一种什么酸溜溜的
鱼，我想大概是鳗鲡吧。”

Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of
neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the
language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'
“不错嘛。你的大学生儿子已经雇了他们的弟弟妹妹和两< br>三个邻居的小孩帮忙，工钱一人五块，建起了 流水作业线。用外交术语来说，事情有进展。”


“这确实令人鼓舞。”

been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation!
It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!
“不，并非如此，”她纠正说。“相反，非
常叫人泄气。他们干了好 几个小时了。装好的塑料袋，一直堆到天花板，但一切努力收效很小。这些广告
宣传品简直就像是不停地 自行生产出来一样!”


of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.
“还有一件事，”她接着说，“你那上大学的儿子< br>必须明白，威胁雇员，说要揍他们，是不可能使他们卖力的。”

Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled,
Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags.
我跟大儿子一通上话，便咆哮道，“你如果再威胁那些孩子，我就对你不客气了!白痴!你应该给奖金，对装
袋最多的工人每小时奖励一块。”


“可那要减少我们的利润啦，”他提醒道。


don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or
sleeping until it is removed.
“那些孩子不帮你按时将所有的广告投送出去，你就什么利润也得不到 。
如果他们不干，你们俩就得亲手搬走所有的广告。而在把它们搬掉之前，你们吃不成，也睡不成。”< br>
There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, you have just worked a profound
change in my personality.
电话里出现了短暂的沉默，他在思考 。接着，他说，“爸爸，你刚才使我深受
启迪，令我恍然大悟。”


“那就干吧!”


“是，阁下!”

By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked
until someone demanded to see the color of cash.
到第二 天傍晚，我妻子就有许多事报告了。奖金计
划行之有效，可后来有人对能否兑现表示怀疑，提出把钱拿出 来给大家看看。
Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $$5
and a few competitive bonuses while the bosses collected hundreds of dollars each. The
organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $$5 per hour! They would not work
another minute until the bosses agreed.
接着 工人队伍里的一位活动家声称，老板每人拿几百块钱，工
人们决没有理由满足于每人五块外加一点点竞争 性的奖金。劳工组织人宣布，所有工人的工资都应该达到
每小时五块钱! 在老板答应之前，他们不再干活儿，一分钟也不干。

The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $$2 per hour. Gradually,
the huge stacks began to shrink.
罢工持续了不到两小时。通过调解，双方达成协议 ，每小时两块。渐
渐地，大堆的广告开始减少。

As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time
I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $$150 in labor costs, $$40 for gasoline,
and a like amount for gifts - boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station
wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother.
结果，全部工作比最后限期星期日早
晨七点提前三个小 时完成。等我回到家里，孩子们已经结了账。 劳务支出 150 元，汽油费40 元，还有 40
元买礼品——几盒糖果，送给乐于助人的邻居，他们主动开出 自家的车帮助投递，还有一打玫瑰送给他们
的母亲。
This left them with $$185 each - about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they
worked. Still, it was
a while.
除去以上开支，他们每人得到 185 元 --大约相当于 他们所干的 91 小时的最低工资的三分之二。
虽然如此，可正如一个儿子所说，那还是“足够”他们花一阵子，使他们“避免那种有失尊严的事。”

All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd
goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton from various corners
of the house out the front door to curbside. < br>几个星期过去了，一切都很好。后来，一个星期六的上午，
我们两个小儿子的奇怪举动引起了我的 注意。他们不停地将一个又一个的纸箱从房屋四处的角落里搬出，
经过前门，送到人行道边。
I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard
them discussing finances.
我以为他们的妈妈在指挥他们清除破 烂，好让垃圾车运走呢。正在这时，我听
到他们在议论经济问题。


“哟，我们会赚许多钱呢!”


“我们要发财啦!”

Investigation revealed that they were offering
经查问发现，他
们正在把我们的全部图书“出售或出租”。


“不成!不成!”我叫道。“不能把我们的书卖了!”


“哎唷，爸，我们以为你用不着它们了呢!”


“书永远不会'用'不着的，”我尽力解释道。


a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……
“你肯定用
不着了。你都看过了，再也不用 了。没有错。既然不用，还不如卖点钱。我们想避免那种有 失尊严的事，
不再伸手向你要„„”


New Words
buck
n. (sl.) U.S. dollar
plastic
a. 塑料的
n. (pl) 塑料
doorknob
n. 门把手
leisurely
a. unhurried 从容的，慢慢的
leisure
n. free time 空闲时间，闲暇
lucrative
a. profitable 有利的；赚钱的
pain
vt. cause pain to
panhandle
vi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streets
delivery
n. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投递；送交
enthuse
vi. show enthusiasm
inquire
vt. ask

super
a. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellent
snap
vt. say(sth.) sharply 厉声说
insert
n. 插页
normally
ad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常
company
n. 公司
echo
vt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和；重复
ad
n. (short for) advertisement
inform
vt. tell; give information 告知
porch
n. (AmE) veranda 门廊
armload
n. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armful
walk
n. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道
unnaturally
ad. in an unnatural way 不自然地
quaver
vi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble 颤抖
truckload
n. as much or as many as a truck can carry
department store
n. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百货公司
dime
n. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten cents
dime store
n. (AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉价商品店；小商口
店
drugstore
n. (AmE) a store that sells not only medicine, but also beauty products, film, magazines, and
food 药店，杂货店
grocery
n. a store that sells food and household supplies 食品杂货店
section
n. part of subdivision of a piece of writing, book, newspaper, etc.; portion （文章等的）段落；
节；部分
cram

vt. fill too full; force or press into a small space 把„„塞满；把„„塞进
stack
n. an orderly; heap or group of things 一叠（堆、垛等）
band
n. flat, thin piece of material 带；带状物
vt. tie up with a band 捆扎
rubber band
n. 橡皮筋
takeout
a. （餐馆）出售外卖菜的
range
n. the distance at which one can see or hear （听觉、视觉等）的范围
marvel(l)ous
a. wonderful; astonishing
steak
n. 牛排；大块肉（或鱼）片
sour
a. 酸的
eel
n. 鳗鲡
diplomacy
n. 外交
encouraging
a. 鼓舞人心的
dent
n. a hollow in a hard surface made by a blow or pressure; initial progress凹痕，凹坑，初步进
展
reproduce
vt. produce the young of (oneself or one's own kind) 生殖，繁殖
bodily
a. of the human body; physical
harm
n. damage or wrong 伤害
audience
n. the people gathered in a place to hear or see; a chance to be heard 观众；听众；陈述意见
的机会
snarl
vt. speak in a harsh voice 咆哮着说
bonus
n. an extra payment to workers 奖金
thoughtful
a. give to or indicating thought 沉思的，思考的
cash
n. money in coins or notes 现金

activist
n. a person taking an active part esp. in a political movement 激进分子
work force
n. total number of workers employed in a particular factory, industry or area 工人总数；劳动
人口
competitive
a. 竞争的
organizer
n. person who organizes things 组织者
mediation
n. 调解
party
n. one of the people or sides in an agreement or argument 一方；当事人
gradually
ad. slowly and by degrees.
gradual
a.逐渐的
shrink (shrank, shrunk)
vi. become less or smaller 减少；变小
deadline
n. fixed limit of finishing a piece of work 最后期限
station wagon
n. 小型客车，客货两用车
minimum (pl. minima or minimums)
n. the smallest possible amount, number, etc. 最低限度的量、数等
minimum wage
n. the lowest wage permitted by law or by agreement for certain work 法定最工资
odd
a. strange; unusual
goings-on
n. activities, usu. of an undesirable kind
carton
n. a cardboard box for holding goods 纸板箱（或盒）
curbside
n. the area of sidewalk at or near curb （curb: 人行道的镶边石）
enlist
vt. obtain the support and help of; cause to join the armed forces 取得„„的支持和帮助；征募
trash
n. waste material to be thrown away; rubbish 垃圾
pickup
n. a small light truck with an open back used for light deliveries 小卡车；轻型货车
overhear
vt. hear by chance; hear without the knowledge of the speaker(s)无意中听到；偷听到
finance

n. money matters; (used in pl.) money; (science of ) the management of funds 财政；钱财；金
融
geez
int.哎呀，呀
sale
n. the act of selling sth.

Phrases & Expressions
pull up
bring or come to a stop （使）停下
a piece of cake
(informal) sth. very easy to do
even as
just at the same moment as
know better than
be wise or experienced enough not (to do sth.) 明事理而不至于
be at
be occupied with, be doing
make a dent (in)
make less by a very small amount; reduce slightly; make a first step towards success(in)减少一
点；取得初步进展
cut into
reduce; decrease 减少
have no business
have no right or reason 无权，没有理由
settle for
accept, although not altogether satisfactory （无可奈何地）满足于
settle one's account
pay what one owes 结帐
quite a while
a fairly long time
draw(sb.'s) attention to
make sb. notice, or be aware of
for sale
intended to be sold
for rent
available to be rented
be done with
stop doing or using; finish 做完，不再使用
maymightcould as well
with equal or better effect 不妨，还不如，最好

Proper Names
Montgomery Ward

蒙哥马利—沃德百货公司
Sears, Roebuck
西尔斯—罗百克百货公司


Unit 2
Text
Is there anything we can learn from deer? During the -1974 the writer
of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when
winter arrives. The lessons he learns about the way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to
our everyday life.
有什么是我们能从鹿身上学到的吗在 1973-1974 年的“能源危机”期间，本文作者正
住在明尼苏达北部，能够观察当冬天来临时， 鹿如何生存。他从鹿储存能量的方法上得到的经验也能够运
用到我们的日常生活中。

DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLE
鹿和能量循环

Some persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more
practical turn of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes
the world go round.
有些人说，爱情驱使世界运转；另一些并不那么罗 曼蒂克而更为注重实际的人则说，
不是爱情，而是金钱。但真实情况是，能量驱使世界运转。
Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is
converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to
survive. On this cycle all life depends.
能 量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能量，能量再用来获
取更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存，生命 才成为可能。所有生命都维系在这一循环上。

It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can
during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and
then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce.
But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy
to live in winter than in summer.
差不多众所周知，野生动物得以年 复一年地生存下去，主要依靠在夏
秋生长旺季尽量多吃，通常将多余的部分以脂肪的形式储存起来，然后 到了冬天食物稀少的艰难时期，就
用这些储备的脂肪来维持生命。然而，很可能鲜为人知的是，即使有储 备的脂肪，野生动物在冬天消耗的
能量比夏天要少。

A good case in point is the whiter-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store
fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature
female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns
during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not
only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.
一个很好的例证是白尾鹿。与
大 多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两季，繁殖、生长并储存脂肪。一只成熟健壮的母
鹿 ，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，它必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅
是 为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。
The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good
timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. The
cost can not be met unless the region has ample food re sources.
产乳的最佳期也正是植物生长茂盛
之时。这个时机选择得很好，因为乳汁生产 是一个消耗能量的过程 -- 它需要大量的食物，除非该地区具有
丰富的食物资源，否则无法满足这种消耗。

As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother's
milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources. The adult males spend the summer
growing antlers and getting fat.
夏季一天天过去，幼 鹿日渐生长，它们变得较少依赖母鹿的乳汁，而更
加依靠生长中的植物为其食物来源。雄性成鹿在夏天生 长鹿角并养肥身体。
Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat
for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk
production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males.
在秋天，
雄鹿和雌鹿都继续进食高 质量食物，贮存体内脂肪，以备过冬。至于雌鹿和幼鹿，由于大量的能量用于产
奶或生长，脂肪的积累速 度不如完全成熟的雄鹿快。

Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited
and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.
脂肪储备如同银行里的存款，供冬天食物来
源不足时和有时由于雪深难以获得时，支取使用。

As fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the
deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September
and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes
cold.
随着秋去冬来，还会发生其他变化: 幼鹿失去皮毛上的斑纹，所有鹿身上的毛长厚，颜色变深。毛皮
的变化通常持续到 9 月。到11 月或 12 月天气变冷时，毛长得最厚。
But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter -- an internal
physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence
slows down their expenditure of energy.
此外，大自然还为鹿提供进一步的保护以帮助它们度过冬天
-- 体内生理机能作相应调节，放慢新陈 代谢，亦即生理活动的速度，从而降低能量的消耗。

The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate
practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer don't hibernate,
they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and
store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use stored fat
in the winter when food is less available.
鹿变得有点动作迟缓、嗜睡。它们的心率减慢。冬眠的动物保
存能量的 习性胜过鹿。虽然鹿不冬眠，但他们随季节改变新陈代谢节奏的习性则是一样的。夏秋间，食物
充裕的时 候，鹿消耗较多的能量并储存脂肪。在冬天食物匮乏时，它们则消耗较少的能量并使用储存的脂
肪。
When the first came in 1973-1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the
edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their
behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by
an increase again in the spring as the snow melted.
1973-1974 年间，第一次出现“能源危机”的时候，
我正与家人住 在明尼苏达州北部一处鹿群过冬地方的边缘地带。我们住在一个小屋里，观察鹿的生活习性，
观察它们是 如何随着冬季来临从夏秋的活动频繁状态而变得少动的，而到春暖雪融时，他们的活动又是如
何增多起来 的。

It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio:
necessary,
furnace down.
当时广播电台常告诫我们:“没有 必要不开车，”“多穿衣服好保暖，并请调低锅炉上的恒
温器。”这些话听起来既有趣又逗笑。

Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce
their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to
reduce their cost of living to increase their chance of surviving in winter.
因为与此同时，我们一直注
视着鹿减少活动，长出越冬的厚毛，并减缓新陈代谢。几千年来，他们一贯如此。鹿减少生存所需的能耗

以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学角度来看是合情合理的。

Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, survival and
productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for
several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find,
and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through.
当然，对鹿来讲，并
非每 个冬天都处于危难之中。如果冬天雪下得少，存活率和次年春天的繁殖力就高。但如果雪积得深，天
气连 续数周寒冷，鹿活动起来就得花费较多的能量，觅食会更难，这时它们就得更多地依赖其脂肪储备度
过寒 冬。
If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to
survive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animal such as deer.
如果这种
情况持续太久，有些鹿就要死亡，只有体型最大最壮的，才有可能存活。 对于像鹿这样四处自由奔走的野
生动物来说，这是一条根本的生存规律。

Yes, life - and death, too - is a cycle that goes round and round, and when animals die their
bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy.
的确，生命--还有死
亡-- 周而复始，循环不已。当动物死亡的时候，他们的尸体转化为能量，变成食物，供其他生命形式使用。

And the cycle continues.
如此循环，永不止息。


New Words
deer
n. (sing. or pl.)鹿
romantic
a. belonging to or suggesting romance; fanciful not practical 浪漫的；幻想的
turn
n. a natural tendency; inclination(天生）倾向
currency
n. money that is actually in use in a country 通货，货币
ecological
a. of or concerning interrelationship of organisms and their environment 生态的
ecology
n. 生态学
convert
vt. change (from one form, use, etc. into another); cause (a person) to change his beliefs, etc. 使
转变；使改变信仰（等）
excess
n. the part that is more than enough; the condition of exceeding what is usual or necessary 过
量；过度
reserve
n. sth. that is being or has been stored for later use 储备（物）
scarce
a. not available in sufficient quantity 缺乏的
wildlife
n. animals and plants which live and grow wild
nutritious
ing nourishment; nourishing有营养的；滋养的

mature
a. full grown and developed 成熟的；成年的
female
a. of the sex that gives birth to young 女（性）的；雌的
n. a female person, animal or plant
conceive
vt. become pregnant with (young); form (an idea, plan, etc.) in the mind 怀（胎）；构思
fawn
n. a young deer less than a year old
timing
n. selection for maximum effect of the precise moment for beginning or doing sth. 时机的选择
consume
vt. eat or drink; use; use up 消耗；消费
region
n. a place, space or area; a part of the body 地区；（身体的）部位
ample
a. plentiful 充裕的
resource
n. (pl.) possessions (esp. of a country). in the form of wealth and goods, that help one to do
what one wants 资源
dependent
a. relying (on another) for support
male
a. of the sex that does not give birth to young 男（性）的；雄的
n. a male person, animal or plant
antler
n. the solid, bony horn of a male deer 鹿角，茸角

deposit
vt. put or store for safe keeping; (esp. of a liquid, a river) leave lying (a layer of matter)存放;使沉
积
doe
n. a fully-grown female deer
expend
vt. spend or use up 花费；耗尽
accumulate
v. make or become greater in number or quantity; collect or gather 积累；积聚
account
n. a sum of money kept in a bank which may be added to or taken from 帐户；存款
spotted
a. marked with spots有斑点的
depth
n. the state or degree of being deep 深；深度，厚度
safeguard

n. a means of protection against sth. unwanted 预防措施
internal
a. of or in the inside, esp. of the body 内部的；体内的
physiological
a. 生理的；生理学的
metabolism
n. 新陈代谢
hence
ad. therefore 因此，所以
expenditure
n. expending or using up; the amount of money, time, etc. expended 花费;用光;支出额,费用
somewhat
ad. by some degree or amount; a little 有点，稍微
drowsy
a. sleepy or half sleepy; making one sleepy 困倦的；催眠的
hibernate
vi. (of some animals) pass the whole of the winter in a state like sleep 冬眠
extreme
n. either end of anything; highest degree 极端
seasonal
a. depending on the season; changing with the seasons 季节性的
rhythm
n. 节奏
abundant
a. more than enough 充足的；丰富的
cabin
n. a small roughly built, usu. wooden house 小木屋；茅舍
melt
v. cause (a solid) to become liquid; (of a solid ) become liquid （使）融化；（使）熔化
amusing
a. funny 逗人笑的；引起乐趣的
amuse
vt. cause to laugh or smile
thermostat
n. an automatic device for regulating temperature 恒温器
biologically
ad. 生物学上
biological
a.生物学的
biology
n.生物学
survival
n. the fact or likelihood of surviving 幸存
productivity

n. the ability or capacity to produce, productiveness 生产力；生产率；多产
fundamental
a. basic; most important

Phrases & Expressions
go round
function smoothly
in the form of
以„形式
in point
appropriate; pertinent 适用的；相关的
in (good) condition
in good health, physically fit
give birth (to)
bear; (fig.) produce 生（孩）子，产（仔）；产生，引起
draw on
take or use as a source 利用；动用
slow down
(cause to ) go more slowly than usual; (cause to ) live, work, etc. in a less active and intense way
（使）慢下来；（使）放松
turn down
reduce the force, speed, loudness, etc. of (sth.) by using controls 减弱；关小，调低
move about
travel around; go from one place to another
pull through
help (sb.) to survive a period of danger or crisis 使渡过危险或危机

Proper Name
Minnesota 明尼苏达（美国州名）


Unit 3

Text
Can you prove that the earth is round? Go ahead and try! Will you rely on your senses or will
you have to draw on the opinions of experts?
你能证明地球是圆的吗来试试看 吧！你将依靠你自己的智
力还是不得不引用专家的观点呢？

WHY DO WE BELIEVE THAT THE EARTH IS ROUND?
我们为什么相信地球是圆的

George Orwell
Somewhere or other — I think it is in the preface to saint Joan — Bernard Shaw remarks that we
are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the Middle Ages, and as an example of
modern credulity he cites the widespread belief that the earth is round.
记得在什么地方--我想是在
《圣女贞德》序言中-- 肖伯纳评论说，今天我们比在中世纪时更加轻 信，更加迷信。而作为现代轻信的例

证，他举出地圆说这一广为传播的信念。
The average man, says Shaw, can advance not a single reason for thinking that the earth is round.
He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the
twentieth-century mentality.
肖伯纳说，普通人举不出一条 理由来说明为什么相信地球是圆的。他全盘
接受这一理论，只是因为这一理论中有一种迎合20世纪心态 的东西。

Now, Shaw is exaggerating, but there is something in what he says, and the question is worth
following up, for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge.
当然，肖伯纳是夸大其词了，但他说的也确实有些道理，这一问题值得进一步探讨，因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。

Just why do we believe that the earth is round? I am not speaking of the few thousand
astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give ocular proof, or have a theoretical
knowledge of the proof, but of the ordinary newspaper-reading citizen, such as you or me.
我们
究竟为什么会相信地球是圆的呢我说的不是数千位天文学家、地理学家之类的人，他们可以用观察到 的事
实或用理论上的根据来证实这一点，我指的是如同你我之辈的报纸的普通读者。

As for the Flat Earth theory, I believe I could refute it. If you stand by the seashore on a clear day,
you can see the masts and funnels of invisible ships passing along the horizon. This phenomenon
can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved.
至于“地平说”，我相 信我能够
加以驳斥。如果你在天气晴朗的日子站立海边，你可以看到船桅和烟囱沿着地平线移动而不见船 体本身。
只有假设地球表面呈曲线状，这一现象才能得到解释。

But it does not follow that the earth is spherical. Imagine another theory called the Oval Earth
theory, which claims that the earth is shaped like an egg. What can I say against it?
但不能由此推
断地球是球形的。设想另一个称做“地球卵形说”的理论吧，这一学说声称地球形如蛋状。对此，我能说
什么加以反驳呢？

Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. The Oval
Earth man promptly answers that I don't know, by my own observation, that those bodies are
spherical.
面对“地球卵形说” 者，我能打的第一张牌是，可以根据太阳和月亮来类推。“地球卵形说”者
立即回敬道，我无法根据自己 的观察得知那些天体是球形的。
I only know that they are round, and they may perfectly well be flat discs. I have no answer to
that one. Besides, he goes on, what reason have I for thinking that the earth must be the same
shape as the sun and moon? I can't answer that one either.
我只能得知他们是圆的，而它们完全可 能
呈扁平的圆盘状。我对此无言以答。此外，他还会说，我凭什么理由认为地球一定与太阳和月亮的形状 相
同对此，我同样无法解答。
My second card is the earth's shadow: When cast on the moon during eclipses, it appears to be
the shadow of a round object. But how do I know, demands the Oval Earth man, that eclipses of
the moon are caused by the shadow of the earth?
我的第二张牌是地球的影子: 月食期间，地球投在
月亮上的影子看上去呈圆形物体状。但“地 球卵形说”者马上要问，我怎么知道月食是由地球的影子造成
的呢？
The answer is that I don't know, but have taken this piece of information blindly from newspaper
articles and science booklets.
回答是，我并不知道，我只是照搬报刊文章和科普小册子上的说法而已。
Defeated in the minor exchanges, I now play my queen of trumps: the opinion of the experts. The
Astronomer Royal, who ought to know, tells me that the earth is round.
小小交锋受挫，于是我打出
一张王牌“Q”: 专家的看法。英国格林威治皇家天文台台长总该是权威了，他告诉我说地球是圆的。
The Oval Earth man covers the queen with his king. Have I tested the Astronomer Royal's
statement, and would I even know a way of testing it?
“地球卵形说” 者用他的“K”牌压倒我的“Q”
牌。天文台台长的话我检验过没有再说，我知道怎么个检验法吗？

Here I bring out my ace. Yes, I do know one test. The astronomers can foretell eclipses, and this
suggests that their opinions about the solar system are pretty sound. I am, to my delight, justified
in accepting their say-so about the shape of the earth.
这时候，我打出我的“爱司”。是的 ，我确实知
道一个检验方法。天文学家能预报月食，这一点表明他们关于太阳系的看法是非常可信的。因 此，令我高
兴的是，我接受他们关于地球形状的论断是有道理的。

If the Oval Earth man answers — what I believe is true — that the ancient Egyptians, who
thought the sun goes round the earth, could also predict eclipses, then bang goes my ace.
如果
“地球卵形说”者反驳道--我以为他反驳得有理-- 认为太阳绕地球转的古代埃及人也能预言月食，那我的“爱
司”牌便立刻化为乌有。
I have only one card left: navigation. People can sail ship round the world, and reach the places
they aim at, by calculations which assume that the earth is spherical. I believe that finishes the
Oval Earth man, though even then he may possibly have some kind of counter.
我只剩下一张牌: 航< br>海。人们可以扬帆绕地球航行而到达他们的目的地，其航程的计算，就是以地球是球形的假定为依据的。< br>我相信这一下可以彻底击败“地球卵形说”者了。不过即便如此，他还可能有某种回击的办法。
It will be seen that my reasons for thinking that the earth is round are rather precarious ones. Yet
this is an exceptionally elementary piece of information.
由此可见，我认为地球是圆的，其根据是相
当不牢靠的。然而这却是一点极其基本的知识。
On most other questions I should have to fall back on the expert much earlier, and would be less
able to test his pronouncements. And much the greater part of our knowledge is at this level. 在
别的大多数问题上，我只得更早地依赖专家的理论，且更少有办法检验他的结论了。我们的知识， 其绝大
部分都停留在这一水平上。
It does not rest on reasoning or on experiment, but on authority. And how can it be otherwise,
when the range of knowledge is so vast that the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he
strays away from his own specialty?
它不是依靠推理或实验，而是依赖权威。可是，不这样，又有什么别的法子呢知识的范围如此广博，一旦越出其专业范围，专家也会变成一无所知。
Most people, if asked to prove that the earth is round, would not even bother to produce the
rather weak arguments I have outlined above. They would start off by saying that
knows
对大多数人来说，如果要他们证明地球是圆的话，就连我上面概述的这些相当无力的论据，他们也不愿提供出来。他们一开始就会说: 谁都知道地球是圆的。要是再加追问，就会生气了。
In a way Shaw is right. This is a credulous age, and the burden of knowledge which we now have
to carry is partly responsible.
在某种程度上讲，肖伯纳是说对了，如今是一个轻信的时代。究其缘由，< br>部分在于，我们现今必须掌握的知识实在太多了。


New Words
preface
n. an introduction to a book or speech 前言,序
gullible
a. easily deceived or cheated esp. into a false belief; credulous 易受骗的;轻信的
superstitious
a. full of superstition; believing in superstitions 迷信的
credulity
n. a tendency to believe to readily 轻信
cite

vt. mention as an example; quote (a passage, book, etc.) 举出;引出
widespread
a. found or distributed over a large area 分布广的;普遍的
advance
vt. put or bring forward; offer 提出
appeal
vi. please, attract or interest 投合所好;有感染力;有吸引力
mentality
n. way of thinking, outlook; mental power or capacity 心理,思想;脑力
exaggerate
vt. think, speak or write of as greater than is really so; overstate 夸张;夸大
sake
n. end, purpose 缘故
geographer
n. a specialist in geography
ocular
a. of, for, by the eyes; based on what has been seen 眼睛的;凭视觉的
theoretical
a. of or based on theory
citizen
n. 公民;市民
refute
vt. prove (a statement) to be untrue; prove (a person) to be mistaken 驳斥
mast
n. a long upright pole of wood or metal for carrying flags or sails on a ship 桅杆
funnel
n. a metal chimney for letting out smoke from a steam engine or steamship (蒸汽机,轮船等的)
烟囱
invisible
a. that can not be seen
horizon
n. the line where the sky seems to meet the earth or sea 地平线
phenomenon (pl. phenomena)
n. 现象
curve
vt. bend so as to form a line that has no straight part 使成曲线
n. a continuously bending line without angles 曲线
follow
vi. result or occur as a consequence, effect, or inference 结果产生;得出
spherical
a. shaped like a ball 球形的
oval
n.& a. (anything which is) egg-shaped 卵形的(东西), 椭圆的(东西)
card

n. 纸牌
analogy
n. comparison of things that have a certain likeness; similarity 类比; 相似
promptly
ad. quickly and willingly 敏捷地;迅速地
prompt
a. 敏捷的;迅速的；及时的
body
n. =celestial body 天体
disc
n. 圆盘
cast
vt. throw or drop; cause (light or shadow) to appear (on) 扔,投; 投射
eclipse
n. the total or partial hiding of one celestial body by another (天文学)食
booklet
n. a small book, usu. with a paper cover 小册子
exchange
vt. give and receive (one thing in return for another) 交换
trump
n. 王牌
royal
a. for, belonging to, or connected with a king or queen 皇家的; 王室的
statement
n. expression in words; a written or spoken declaration, esp. of a formal kind 陈述;声明
ace
n. (纸牌中的)牌,爱司
foretell
vt. tell beforehand; predict 预言
solar
a. of the sun
the solar system
the sun and the planets which revolve round it
justify
vt. give a good reason for; show to be just, right or reasonable 证明„„是正当的；为„辩护
say-so
n. an authoritative pronouncement; one's unsupported assertion 权威性声明；无证据的断言
Egyptian
n.,a. (native) of Egypt 埃及人；埃及的
predict
vt. announce or tell beforehand; forecast 预言
bang
ad. with a sudden loud noise; with a sudden impact 砰地
navigation

n. the act or process of navigating 航海
calculation
n. the act of adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing to find a result 计算
calculate
vt.计算
calculator
n. 计算器
counter
n. sth. of value in bargaining; a return attack, such as a blow in boxing 讨价还价的本钱；回击，
反击
precarious
a. insecure; depending upon mere assumption 不安全的；根据不足的，靠不住的
exceptionally
ad. unusually
authority
n. power to influence; power to give orders and make others obey 权威；权力
ignoramus
n. an ignorant person 无知的人
stray
vi. wander away; (of thoughts or conversation) move away from the subject 走离；离题
specialty
n. a special field of work or study 专业
outline
vt. indicate the main ideas or facts of
n. a systematic listing of the important points of a subject 提纲
press
vt. demand or ask for continuously 催促，逼迫
credulous
a. tending to believe sth. on little evidence, arising from credulity 轻信的
burden
n. sth. difficult to bear; load 重负；负荷

Phrases & Expressions
follow up
pursue or investigate closely; take further action after (sth.) 深入研究或调查；采取进一步行动
for the sake of
for the good or advantage of; for the purpose of 为了„的利益；为了
throwshed light on
make clear; explain 使明白，使明朗；解释
and so forth
and so on
as for
with regard to, concerning 至于
may well (not)

be very likely (not) to 完全（不）可能
bring out
show; offer to the public 拿出；使显出；推出（新产品等）
aim at
have as one's target, objective, etc.
fall back on
turn to for support 求助于
rest on
depend on, rely on
stray away from
wander from; move from 偏离
start off
begin; depart
in a way
to a certain extent; a little; somewhat 在某种程度上

Proper Names
Saint Joan
圣女贞德
Bernard Shaw
萧伯纳

Unit 4
Text
On September 11, 2001, a series of suicide attacks on the United States took place. Foreign
hijackers took control of four U.S. airliners. Two were crashed into the World Trade Center. The
third aircraft was crashed into the Pentagon. The fourth, intended, it is thought, for another
government target, crashed into a field, apparently after passenger resistance. This is the story of
one of those passengers.
2001年9月11日，在美国发生了一系列自杀式的袭击事件。外国的劫机 者控
制了四架美国的航空公司的 飞机，两架撞入世界贸易中心，第三架冲进五角大楼，而第四架据传原本要袭
击另一政府目标，但显然由 于遭到乘客的反抗而坠毁于一片田地里。本文说的便是其中一位乘客的故事。

Flight 93: What I never know
第93次航班：我所无法理解的事

Sunday, September 9, 2001, was a good day for the three of us. Emmy was just 11 weeks old and
we were enjoying her enormously. After three miscarriages in two years, she was doubly precious
to us.
2001年9月9日是星期日，对我们三个人来说，是个美好的日子。埃米刚有 11周大，我们极其喜
欢她。 她是我在两年内经过连续三次流产后生下的，所以对我们更为珍贵。
My husband, Jeremy, who was thinking of changing jobs, had gone on two interviews and felt
they went well. Since Sunday was rainy, we just lay around our house in northern New Jersey. We
laughed a lot, and watched Emmy, and then went to bed early.
我的丈夫杰里米当时正考虑换个工作，
已经面试过两次，自己感觉进行得还顺利。周日那天下雨，我们就在我们位于新泽西北部的自家屋内闲躺 着。
我们嬉笑着，照看着埃米，随后就早早就寝了。

The next day, September 10, was busy, with Jeremy due to fly from New York to California on
business. I would take Emmy up to my parents house in Windham, New York, and he could meet

us there when he returned.
次日，9月10日，我们忙碌起来，杰里米将从纽瓦克飞往加利 福尼亚出差。
我将带埃米北上去纽约州温 德姆我父母的家中。这样，杰里米回来时可以去那里接我们。

For some reason he particularly wanted to take care of Emmy that morning. So he fed her and
bathed and dressed her. He packed up both our cars, made sure Emmy was tucked into her car
seat, and kissed her. Then he stood waving as we drove off.
那天早 晨，不知什么原因，他特想要照料
埃米。他给她喂奶、给她洗澡、给她穿衣。他把两辆车的行 李都装好 ，把埃米在汽车座椅上安置妥当，并
吻了吻她。而后当我们开车离开时他站到一边挥手告别。

When I got to Windham, Jeremy called. His flight to San Francisco had been canceled. He didn’t
want to take the next available flight and get in at 2 a.m.
我到达温德姆时，杰里米打来电话。他飞往
旧金 山的航班被取消了。他不打算搭乘下一班飞机在凌晨两点到达目的地。
“Screw it,” he said, “I’m going to go home, get a good nights sleep, and get up early tomorrow.”
He would grab the first flight out of New York. United Flight 93.
“该死，”他说。“我想回家，美美地
睡上一夜，明天早点起身。”他 将赶上第一班航班飞离纽瓦克。联合航空公司的第93次航班。
Tuesday morning found me in the kitchen, fumbling with the lid of the doughnut box, when I
heard my father say something about the World Trade Center.
星期二早晨我正在厨房里设法打开一
盒炸圈饼的盒盖时，听到父亲在说什么世贸中心的事。
I looked in the living room at the TV, and saw the image of the fire poking through the blackened
holes in the towers silver skin. The phone rang, and my dad said into it, “Oh, thank God it’s you.”

我向起居室的电视瞧去，看见屏幕上出现了从世贸中心大楼的银色外墙上被燻黑的 洞中窜出的大火。这时
电话响了，父亲对着话筒说道，“哦，感谢上帝，是你啊。”

I ran into the living room. He held out the phone, his face pale. “Jeremy,” he said.
我跑进起居室，
父亲脸色苍白地把话筒递了过来。“是杰里米，”他说。

I grabbed the phone. “Jer!”I said.
我夺过话筒，说道，“杰尔。”

“Hi,” he said. “Listen, there are some bad men on the plane.”
“你好，”他说。“听着，飞机上有几个
坏蛋。”

“What do you mean?”
“什么？”

“These three guys took over the plane. They put on these red headbands. They said they had a
bomb.”
“三个家伙控制了飞机。他们头上戴着红色的束发帶，声称带着一颗炸弹。”

I was crying now.
我当即哭了。

“I love you,” he said.
“我爱你，”他说。

“I love you,” I said, “only have good thoughts. ”
“我爱你，”我说。“只往好处想.”

I was shaking and nauseated, but I also knew I could make myself do whatever was necessary to
help Jeremy.
我浑身颤抖，想要呕吐，可同时我很清楚，我还是可以尽一切可能帮助杰里米的。

“I don’t think I’m going to make it out of here,” he said. And then, “I don’t want to die.” And he
cursed.
“我感到我是无法从这儿活着出去了，”他说。随后他又说， “我可不想死。”接着他咒骂起来。

“You’re not going to die,” I told him. “Jer, put a picture of me and Emmy in your head and only
have really good thoughts.”
“你不会死的，”我对他说。“杰尔，心里就装着我和埃米吧，只往好处去想。”

“Yeah,” he answered.
“好，”他回答道。

“Don’t think about anything bad,” I said.
“不要去想那些糟糕的事，”我说。

“You’ve got to promise me youre going to be happy,” he said. “For Emmy to know how much I
love her. And that whatever decisions you make in your life, no matter what, I’ll support you.”
“你得答应我，你将来要高高兴 兴地生活下去，”他说。“务必让埃米知道我非常爱她。不论你将来作出什
么决定，我都支持你。”
After a pause, Jeremy said to me, “A passenger said they’re crashing planes into the World Trade

Center. Is that true?”
稍停片刻，杰里米又对我说，“一位乘客说他们正在用飞机撞击世贸中心，这是真
的吗？”

I was standing there in the living room, watching at on TV. I thought: “Do I tell him?”
我正站在起
居室里看着电视上播放此事，心想：我是否该告诉他？

“Are they going to blow the plane up or are they going to crash it into something.” he almost
screamed at me.
“他们想要炸毁这架飞机呢，还是想用它去撞击什么东西？”他几乎在对我大声喊叫道。

“They’re not going to the World Trade Center,” I said.
“他们不会去撞世贸中心了，”我说。

“Why?”
“为什么？”

“Because the whole things on fire.”
“因为整个世贸中心都在燃烧了。”

He said there were maybe 30 or 35 passengers, herded to the back. For some reason, however,
no one was guarding them back there.
他说约有30到35位乘客，都被驱赶到客舱的后部，但，不知
怎的 ，却无人看管他们。

“What about the pilots?” I asked him. “Has there been any communication?”
“那么驾驶员们的情
况如何？”我问道。“你们之间联络过没有？”

“No. These guys just stood up and yelled and ran into the cockpit. After that, we didn’t hear from
the pilots.”
“没有。那几个家伙就这么站了起来，喊叫着冲进了驾驶舱。 后来就再也没有听到有关驾驶
员们的情况。”

Just then, we saw something on TV about a plane crashing into the Pentagon, and I thought,
thank God it isn’t Jeremys plane.
正在那时，我们从电视上看到一架飞机撞进了五角大楼。心想，上帝< br>保佑那不是杰里米的飞机。


When I told him about this new attack, Jeremy cursed again.
我把新发生的这次攻击告了杰里米，他
再次咒骂起来。
The Pentagon was probably the jolt that made him see clearly that his fate and that of his fellow
passengers in the rear of the plane were completely in their own hands.
五角大楼一事可能使他受
到极大震惊，使他认清他和待在客舱后面的其他乘客的命运完全掌握在他们自己的手中。
“Okay, I’m going to take a vote,” he said. “Theres three other guys as big as me and were thinking
of attacking the guy with the bomb. What do you think?”
“好，我这就去进行表决，”他说。“另外有
三个身材和我一样高大的人，我 们打算去袭击那个带炸弹的家伙。你看行吗？”

“Do they have guns?” I asked.
“他们有枪吗？”我问道。

“No, I didn’t see guns. I saw knives.” He joked, “I still have my butter knife from breakfast.”
“没有，
我没有看到枪。我见到刀子。”他开玩笑说，“我这里还有早餐用的牛油刀呢。”
There was a pause, and then he said, “I know I could take the guy with the bomb. Do you think
it’s really a bomb?”
停了一会儿， 他说，“我想我可以制服那个带炸弹的家伙。你觉得那是一颗真的炸
弹吗？”

“I don’t think so. I think they’re bluffing you.”
“我认为不是真的炸弹，那是在吓唬你们。”

“Okay, I’m going to do it,” Jer said, screams in the background.
“行，我这就去干。”杰尔说。电话里
传来隐隐约约的尖叫声。

“I think you need to do it,” I told him. “You’re strong, you’re brave, I love you.”
“我觉得你必须去
干，”我对他说。“你身强力壮，又勇敢，我爱你。”

“Okay, I’m going to put the phone down, I’m going to leave it here, and I’m going to come right
back to it.” he said.
“好，我这就把话筒搁下离开这儿，我会马上回来再拿起它的，”杰尔说。

I handed the phone to my Dad. Runned to the bath room, and kecked of the sink.
我把话筒递给父
亲，跑进盥洗室，在水池上呕吐起来。

When my father put the phone to his ear, he heard nothing on the line for two or three minutes.

Then he heard screams off in the background.
我父亲把话筒放到耳边，有两三分钟光景什么都听不到。
而后他听到隐隐约约的尖叫声。
And he thought, They’re doing it. It was bound to be noisy. Perhaps a minute and a half later,
there was another set of screams, muffled, like people on a roller coaster. Then silence.
他想，他
们正干上了。这必然会引起喧闹。隔了约莫一分半钟，又传来一阵低沉的尖叫声，就像人们坐 过山车时发
出的叫声那样。随后便沉寂了下来。


I sat on the living room couch and all my energy seemed to have deserted me. After a while, I
got up and headed for the kitchen and almost collided with my dad, who was coming the other
way.
我坐在起居室的 长沙发上，浑身乏力。过了一会儿，我起身向厨房走去，几乎与从相反方向走来的
父亲相撞。
H e must have just hung up the phone. He was crying. He gave me a hug. I watched him
cry, a bit dumbfounded.
他想必刚挂上电话，他在哭泣。他拥抱了我。我瞧着他哭着，我有点麻木了。

“Wait, you think he’s dead” I said. He couldn’t manage anything but to cry harder. I must have
asked the same question five times. And then, when it finally sank in, I collapsed on the floor.
“等
一等，你是不是认为他死了？”我说。他除了放声大哭之外再也说不出话来 。我大概重复问了五次之多。
接着，当我终于明白过来之后，我瘫倒在地上。

“searching for Jeremy!”
“寻找杰里米！”

Over the next months, I spent a lot of time searching for Jeremy. Often I heard his voice in my
head, comforting me when my pain was almost unendurable. I visited the crash site. I hungered
to know what had happened on Flight 93 and why Jeremy died.
在接下的几个月里，我花了大量时间
寻觅杰里米。每当我痛楚万分 之际，我常听到他在耳边安慰我的声音。我去了飞机坠毁的地方。我渴求了
解第93次航班上发生的事情 以及杰里米为何而身故。
Now I find that my viewpoint has changed. Not that I don’t want to know what happened. It’s
just that I’m sure I will never really make sense of September 11.
如今我发现我已改变了看 法。不是
因为我不想了解到底发生了什么，而恰恰是我相信我将永远不可能真正理解911事件。
Did someone declare war on us for a principle? Because they were jealous? To show how tough
they were? Did we in this country somehow overstep, push too hard, tread on ancient
sensibilities?
是否有人出于某种原则性的问题向我们宣战了？或是他们出于 妒忌？或是他们想炫耀其强
悍？是否我们这个国家的人越轨了，做得过分了，伤及了人家自古而来的情感 ？
The world Jeremy and I knew was never more than the rooms we lived in, a few places we walked,
a few friends and family we loved. Now it’s gone, and no one could ever really make sense of why.
杰里米和我所熟悉的世界只不过是我们所居住的房子、几处散步的地方、几个朋友以及 我们所热爱的家人。
如今一切全完了，但却始终无人能真正弄清这到底是怎么回事。

I think Jeremy always suspected he had a higher purpose. I don’t believe it was an accident that
he was on Flight 93. It wasn’t mere luck that an airline passenger with precisely the right physical
skills to abort one of the terror missions happened to be on the only plane hijacked that day
where there was an opportunity to do that.
我觉得杰里米一直认为他生来就肩负有崇高使命。我也并
不认为杰里米乘坐上第9 3次航班是出于偶然。一位具有足够挫败恐怖行径体能的旅客正好搭乘了那天被劫
持的飞机中唯一一个可 以有机会进行反击劫机 者的航班，这不仅仅是一种巧合。

Jeremy was 31 when he died, had been married to me for five years and knew his daughter for
barely three months. Yet I consider us blessed.
杰里米去世时31岁，和 我结婚了五年，和他的女儿相
处了三个月都不到。可我认为我们是幸福的。
He and I left nothing unsaid or undone, and he managed to give Emmy and me everything we
need. And sometimes, when I’m watching and listening, I can still feel him near me, leading me
forward into the rest of my life.
他与我之间未留下任何未尽之言或未竟之事。他 总是努力给埃米和我带

来我们所需的一切。有时，当我留神观察和倾听时，我仍然能感到 他就在我的身边，在我有生之年指引我
向前。


Unit 5

Text
Is it ever proper for a medical doctor to lie to his patient? Should he tell a patient he is dying?
These questions seem simple enough, but it is not so simple to give a satisfactory answer to them.
Now a new light is shed on them.
医生可以对病人撒谎吗医生应该告诉病人他已经病入膏肓了吗这些问
题看起来很简单，但是要给出令人满意的回答却并不那么简单。这里给了他们一线光明。

TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE -- THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMA

撒谎还是不撒谎-- 医生的难题

Sissela Bok
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients -- to speed recovery or to conceal the approach
of death?
为了对病人有好处-- 为了加快病人康复或不让病人知道死亡的来临--医生到底该不该撒谎。
In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often
seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of
secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.
医疗行业与法律、政府及其他行业一
样，往往显得对诚实与否的问题不那 么看重，要紧的倒是另外的一些事情，譬如，应设法避免可怕的消息
造成的打击，或是应考虑恪守保密的 诺言，或是需要揭露腐败行为或促进公众利益等。

What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical
checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is
found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months?
举例说吧。一个46岁
的男子，在与家人外出度假之前进行常规体格 检查，虽然他自我感觉良好，但医生发现他患了某种癌症，6
个月内就会死去。
Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the
gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?
这时，
医生该怎么对他讲呢是不是最好对他讲实话要是他问起检查结果， 医生该不该否认他得了病该不该将病情
的严重性缩小到最低限度该不该将真情至少隐瞒到他全家度假之后 ？

Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for
the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
医生们常常面
临这样的非常紧迫的选择。他们不时认为，为了病人自身的利益，撒 谎很有必要，在他们看来，这种谎言
与利己的谎言截然不同。

Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the
truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they
may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
研究结果表明，大多
数医生深 信身患重病的人不想知道他们的真实病情，如果将真情相告，则有可能 使他们完全失去希望，结
果使他们恢复得更慢或恶化得更快，甚至会自寻短见。
As one physician wrote:
that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do
no harm.'
正如一位内科医生写道：“我们这个职业，传统上恪守一条信条，那就是 '尽可能不造成伤害'，
这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话的美德”。

Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they

assume will no harmand may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable
placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to
the incurably ill and the dying.
有了这样一个 指导原则，一些医生可能渐渐习惯于采用他们认为对病人
很可能有益而“无害”的骗人做法。他们可能开 出无数帖安慰剂，说一些没有事实根据的打气的话，并歪
曲严重的病情，对那些患有不治之症和濒临死亡 的病人，则尤其如此。

But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be
documented.
然而，现在开始有人提出证据，说明这种欺骗旨在给病人带来好处的说法是虚幻的。
Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of
patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn
that they have been misled.
研究结果表明，与 许多医生的想法相反，绝大多数病人确实想知道真实情
况，甚至是严重的病情。当他们了解到医生没有对 他们讲真话的时候，他们感到自己被玩弄了。
We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with
illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.

我们还获悉，将真实情况妥 当地告诉病人，能帮助他们与病魔作斗争，有助于他们更好地忍受疼痛，减少
用药，甚至在手术后更快地 康复。

Not only do lies not provide the hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they
invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning
their own health, including the choice of whether to be patient in the first place.
谎言不仅 不能提
供鼓吹“仁慈”欺骗的人们所希望的那种“帮助”，它还侵犯了病人的个人自由，使他们不能对有 关自己健
康的问题作出明达的选择，包括要不要就医这一首要的选择。
We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness
when information is denied or distorted.
我们越来越意识到，病 人发病期间，在不知病情或未被如实
地告知病情的情况下，他们会遭到什么样的不幸。

Dying patients especially -- who are easies to mislead and most often kept in the dark -- can then
not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or
have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how
they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.
特别是濒临死亡的病人--他们最易受骗也最会
被人蒙在鼓里-- 因此而不能作出临终前的种种有关抉择: 是否要住进医院，或进行手术，在何处与何人度过
所剩下的一 点时间，以及如何处理完自己的事务而后与世长辞。
Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their
credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well.
谎言也伤害说谎的人，损害他们的 诚实，并最终损害他们
的信誉。谎言还伤害他们的同事。由于病人 怀疑有欺骗行为，许多对病人十分开诚布公的医生的工作也因
此受到影响。
The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest
with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of
injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.
病人的不信任使医疗诉讼案增多，造成医生避免风险的
“防御性诊治 ”增多，而这些又进而有损于整个医疗事业。

Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers.
剧烈的冲突正在出现。病
人开始学会催问真实情况。
Patients' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives
for treatment.
根据病人应享有的权利的规定，医生应将病情和可供选择的治疗方案通告病人。
Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most
eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices.
许多医
生尽可能向病人提供这些情况。然而，即使在对病人的权益考虑 得最周到的医院里，信奉“仁慈”欺骗的

医生们继续他们传统的古老做法。
Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take
part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.
同事们也许不赞同，但
避免公开表示反对。护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝 ，但要抵制却感到无能
为力。

There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as
well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem
avoidable only through deception.
及时对这个问题进 行公开辩论非常必要。不仅在医疗业，而且在其
他行业，从业者不断发现，自己常处于似乎不采用欺骗手 段就无法避免严重后果的困难处境。
Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are
peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, nor
in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, you
don't know can't hurt you.
但是公众完全有理由对职业性欺骗保持警惕，因为这种做法特别容易变得根
深蒂固，蔓延滋长，并损害信 任。无论医疗界、法律界、政府机构还是社会科学界，都不应从“不知者，
不为所害”这句老话中得到丝 毫慰藉。

New Words
dilemma
n. a situation in which one has to make a choice between two equally unsatisfactory things; a
difficult choice 窘境，进退两难
benefit
vt. do good to 有益于
recovery
n. the process or fact of getting back to a former state of good health; the state of recovering or
being recoverd 痊愈；复得
conceal
vt. hide, keep from being seen or known 隐瞒
line
n. a business, profession, trade, etc. 行业
dwarf
vt. cause to appear small by comparison 使矮小，使相形见绌
n. a person, animal, or plant of much less than the usual size 矮小；矮小的动（植）物
shelter
vi. take shelter; find protection 躲避
vt. provide shelter for; protect 掩蔽；庇护
brutal
a. cruel, severe残忍的
uphold
vt. support 支撑；维护
secrecy
n. the practice of keeping secrets; the state of being secret
expose
vt. disclose; leave uncovered or unprotected 揭露；暴露
corruption

n. dishonesty; immoral behaviour 腐化，道德败坏
promote
vt. help to grow or develop; raise in rank, condition, or importance 促进，推进；提升
checkup
n. a general medical examination
minimize
vt. reduce to the smallest possible amount or degree
gravity
n. the quality of being serious critical 严重性
confront
vt. meet face to face; oppose （勇敢地）面对；对抗
urgently
ad. in an urgent manner 紧急地，急迫地
urgent
a. 紧急的，急迫的
self-serving
a. serving one's own interests; seeking advantage for oneself 利已的
recover
vi. get well; get back to a normal condition
deteriorate
v. (cause to ) become worse （使）恶化
suicide
n. the act of killing oneself
physician
n. a doctor of medicine 内科医生
traditionally
ad. by tradition; in a traditional manner
precept
n. a rule of moral conduct; maxim 戒律；格言
transcend
vt. rise above or go beyond the limits of; surpass 超越
virtue
n. goodness or moral excellence; a good quality 美德；优点
utter
vt. speak; give out发声 做出
deceptive
a. deceiving or misleading; meant to deceive
innumerable
a. too many to be counted
placebo
n. substance given instead of real medicine to a patient for psychological effect 安慰剂
warrant
vt. justify; authorize; guarantee 使有（正当）理由；授权（给）；担保
distort

vt. give a false account of; twist out of the usual shape 歪曲；弄歪
grave
a. serious; requiring careful consideration 严重的；严肃的
incurably
ad. beyond cure
illusory
a. deceptive and unreal; based on an illusion 虚幻的
deception
n. deceiving or being deceived; a trick intended ot deceive 欺骗；诡计
document
vt. prove or support with documents 用文件证明
contrary
a. completely different or wholly opposed 相反的；对抗的
overwhelming
a. too many, too great, or too much to be resisted 势不可挡的；压倒之势的
betray
vt. be unfaithful to; deceive 背叛
truthful
a. true
humanely
ad. tenderly, kind-heartedly 仁爱地；人道地
tolerate
vt. allow or endure with protest 容忍
advocate
n. person who speaks for an idea, way of life, etc. 拥护者，倡导者
benevolent
a. intending or showing good will, kindly, friendly 仁慈的
invade
vt. enter (a country) with armed forces in order to attack; violate, interfere with 侵犯
autonomy
n. (the right of) self-government; freedom to determine one's own actions, behavior, etc. 自治
（权）；自主
render
vt. cause to be致使 给与补偿
informed
a. having knowledge or information; having and using suitable knowledge 了解情况的;有见识的
concerning
prep. about, with regard to
increasingly
ad. more and more all time
befall( befell, befallen)
vt. (use. sth. bad ) happen to (sb.) 降临到„„头上
integrity
n. honesty or sincerity; wholeness 诚实，正直；完整

credibility
n. the quality of being believable; trustworthiness 可靠性；可信
colleague
n. an associate; fellow worker or member of a profession or organization 同事
suspicion
n. doubt; mistrust 怀疑
deceit
n. deception; a dishonest trick 欺骗
undercut
vt. undermine; weaken 暗中破坏；削弱
scrupulously
ad. carefully; conscientiously 一丝不苟地
spiral
n. a curved shape which winds round; a continuous and expanding increase or decrease 螺旋
（形）；盘旋上升（或下降）
lawsuit
n. a noncriminal case in a court of law 诉讼（案件）
injure
vt. cause physical harm to; damage
arise (arose)
vi. move or go upward; come into existence 上升；出现
bill
n. 法案；议案；账单
alternative
n. a choice between two or more things; any of the things to be chosen 抉择;可供选择的东西
treatment
n. a substance or method used in treating someone medically 治疗；疗法
eloquent
a. having the power of expressing one's feeling or thoughts with grace and force 雄辩的
disapprove
vt. consider not good or not suitable; have or express an opinion against 不赞成
refrain
vi. hold oneself back; keep oneself (from doing sth.) 忍住；戒除
object
vi. be against sth. or sb. 反对
objection
n. 反对
bitterly
ad. sharply severely
deceive
vt. cause (sb.) to believe sth. that is false 欺骗
debate
vt. argue about (sth.) in an effort to persuade other people 辨论
issue

n. a question that arises for discussion 问题；争端
practitioner
n. a professional man, esp. in medicine or in law 开业者（尤指医生、律师等）
consequence
n. result; importance 后果；重要性
avoidable
a. that can be prevented from happening
wary
a. cautious; in the habit of looking out for possible danger or trouble 谨慎的；谨防的
erode
vt. wear away; eat into 腐蚀
saying
n. a well-known wise statement; proverb 格言；谚语

Phrases & Expressions
go on (a trip, vacation)
depart for the purpose of
at times
occasionally; now and then 间或；有时
in one's eyes
in one's opinion
for one's (own) sake
for one's own benefit 为了某人自己的利益
slip into
fall into; enter (esp. through carelessness) 陷入
contrary to
opposite to; despite
in the first place
firstly
in the course of during
during
in the dark
uninformed; ignorant 不知情，蒙在鼓里
bring to a close
end 结束，终止
take leave (of)
say goodbye (to)
in the long run
in the end; ultimately 从长远的观点看；最终
go to great lengths
do anything possible, however dangerous, unpleasant, wicked, etc. 不遗余力
refrain from
not do, stop
day after day

each day
take a one's stand
declare one's position, loyalty, opinions, etc., and be prepared to fight (for these opinions, etc.)表
明立场、意见等



Unit 6

Text

But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn't preserve its
physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in the true
sense of the word and make it a part of yourself.
“不要在书上做记号！”无数教师、图书管理员和家长都曾这样建议。但是莫蒂默• 艾德勒并不同意。 他认
为只要你拥有这本书而且不需要保护它的外观，做记号将会让你真正意义上拥有这本书并且使它成为 你的
一部分。怎样在书上做记号

HOW TO MARK A BOOK

Mortimer J. Adler
You know you have to read the linesto get the most out of anything. I want to
persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to
persuade you to between the you do, you are not likely to do the most
efficient kind of reading.
你知道读书要“深入字里行间”，以求最充分的理解。我劝你在读书过程中做一件同样重要的事情。我想劝你“在字里行间写字”。不这样做，你的读书就不可能是最有效的。

You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books
expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness
of marking books, you will have to buy them.
你不应该在不是你自己的书上做记号。借给你书的图书管
理员 (或你的朋友) 希望你保持书的整洁，再说你也应该这样做。如果你认为我说的在书上做记号颇有益处
这番话是对的话，你就得自己买书。
There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by
paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture.
一个人拥有书的方法有两种，第一种是花钱取
得财产所有权，就像你花钱买衣服和家具一样。
But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you
have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.

但花钱买书只是占有它的前奏。只有在你将它化为你自己的一部分之后，你才完全占有 了它。而把你自己
变为书的一部分的最好方法就是在书中写字。

An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's
icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you
consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in
your bloodstream to do you any good.
打个比方也 许可以把这一点说清楚。你买下一块牛排，把它从肉
铺的冰箱里转移到你的冰箱中。但从最重要的意义上 来说，你还没有占有它，除非你吃下它并将它吸收进
你的血液之中。我的论点是，书的营养也只有在被吸 收进你的血液中时，才能对你有所裨益。

There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -- unread,
untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.)
书籍拥有者可以分为三种。第一种
人藏有全部标准的成套书和畅销书-- 既没有读过，也没有碰过。(这位占有的只是纸浆和油墨，而不是书。)
The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but
all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to
make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.)
第二种人
藏书很多--有几本从头至尾读过，大部分浅尝辄止，但全都跟新买时一样整洁光亮。 （此君很可能想使书真
的为其所有，但因错误地过分关注书籍的外观而裹足不前。）
The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and
loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)

第三种人藏书或多或少--因不断使用，每本书都弄成书角卷起，破旧不堪，装订破损，书页松散，全书 从扉
页至末页画满了记号，涂满了字句。（此人是书的真正拥有者。）

Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound
edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of
my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue.
你
或许会问，将一本印刷精美、装 帧雅致的书保存完好，难道也是不恰当的吗当然不是。我决不会在一本初
版的《失乐园》上乱涂乱写，就 像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一盒蜡笔交给我的婴孩任意涂抹一样! 我
决不会在一幅油画或一尊塑像上画记号。

Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly
manufactured volume is like that of painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding
or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.
可以
说，它们的灵魂与其躯体是不可分开的。一部珍本或一本装帧华 美的书的美，同一幅油画或一尊塑像的美
是一样的。如果你对华美的装帧或印刷的尊重妨碍你读书，那就 买一种便宜的版本，将你的敬意献给作者。

Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean
merely conscious; I mean wide awake.)
为什么在书上做记号对阅读是必不可少的呢？首先，它会使你
保持清醒。（我不是仅仅指它让你神 志清醒；我的意思是它能使你全神贯注。）

In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in
words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book.
其次，如果阅读
是一种能动的行为，那么它就 是思考，而思考常常需借助口头的或书面的语言来表达。作了记号的书，通
常是读者认真思考过的书。
Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.
Let me develop these three points.
最后，写可以帮助你记住你阅读时的思想，或作者所表达的思想。
让我进一步就这三点谈一谈。


If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. you can't let your
eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read.
如果阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那就应该是一种积极的思维活动。 仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，
你就不可能对所读的内容有所理解。
Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say,
active kind of reading.
当然，一部普通的消遣小说，譬如说《飘》，并不需要那种最积极的思维式的阅读。
The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a

great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental
questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.
作为消遣的书，可以轻松地
读而不会有所失。但一本思想丰富、文字华美，试图提出带根本性的重大问题并加以回答的伟大著作，则
要求你尽可能地进行最积极的阅读。
You don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You
have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you're asleep.
你不能像欣赏瓦利先生的低声吟唱
那样，学到约翰• 杜威的思想。你得花费气力方可获得。漫不经心是做不到这一点的。

If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you
read actively.
如果当你读完一本书的时候，书页上写满了你的批注，你就知道你的阅读是积极的了。
The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of
Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know.
我所知道的最< br>有名的采用积极方式阅读伟大著作的人，是芝加哥大学的校长哈钦斯。他也是我所知道的公务最繁忙的人。
He invariably read with pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the
evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls caviar
factoriesdown. He knows he's too tired
to read, and he's just wasting time.
他读书时总是拿着铅笔。有时 ，当他在晚上拿起书和铅笔的时候，发
觉自己不是在做有意义的笔记，而是在页边空白处画些他称之为“ 鱼子酱工厂”的东西，一出现这种情况，
他就放下书本。他知道自己太累，读不下去了，完全是在浪费时 间。
But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand,
brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your
memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the
questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those
questions.
但是，你或许会问，写有何必要呢要知道，亲手书写的动作会使词语和 句子更加鲜明地呈现在
你的脑海里，更好地储存在你的记忆中。将你对所读的重要词语和句子的感受写下 来，将它们在你脑子里
引起的问题记下来，就可以将这些感受长久保存下来，并可以使那些问题更加明确 起来。
You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement,
disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It's like resuming an interrupted conversation with the
advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.
当你下周或来年重新拿起这本书的时候，你的各
种观 点，同意的、反对的、怀疑的、质询的，统统一目了然。这如同谈话一度被打断，现在又可以在上次
停下 的地方接着谈下去了。
And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author.
Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you'll have the proper
humility as you approach him.
读书就该这么个读法: 你同作者应进行对话。很可能作者在有关的问题上
比你懂得多，你接近 他的时候表示适度的谦恭是很自然的。
But don't let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end.
Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn't consist in being an empty receptacle. The
learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher,
once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of
your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author.
但不要 轻信他人，以为读者只有全盘接
受的份儿。理解是一种双向活动。学习并不是往空的容器中装东西。学生 应当向自己也向教师提问题。一
旦理解了教师所讲的内容，他甚至还得与教师展开争论。而在书上做记号 ，实际上就是表达你赞同或不赞
同作者观点的一种方式。

There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here's the way I

do it:
在书上做记号，有各种各样好的、行之有效的方法。现将我的做法叙述如下:

1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements.
在文字下面划线: 划出主要论
点及重要的或者有力的论述。

2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined.
在页边空白处划竖线:
强调已划线的论述部分。

3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emphasize the ten or
twenty most important statements in the book.
在页边空白处画五星或六星记号，或其他小符号: 这
种记号宜珍惜着用。可用来强调书中十处或二 十处最重要的论述。

4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes in developing a
single argument.
在页边空白处写数字: 标明作者展开一个论据的各点顺序。

5. Number of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made
points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be
separated by many pages, belong together.
在页边空处写其他页的页码: 标明作者在本书其他地方所
写的与本论点有关的论点，也可以 通过这一办法将书中虽分散各处，但密切有关的观点联系起来。

6. Circling of key words or phrases.
在关键字眼或短语上画圆圈。

7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions
(and perhaps answers) which a passage raise in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to
a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book.
在页边空白处
或上下两端加批注: 其目的是记下某段文章在你脑子里引起的问题 (也许还有答案)；简要记下复杂的论述；
记录贯串全书的一系列的重要论点。

I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author's points in
the order of their appearance.
我利用书末的衬页将作者的观点按出现的先后 次序编成一个索引。

The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy
bookplate, I reserve them for fancy thinking.
书前的衬页对我来说是最重要 的。有些人将它们留作贴花
哨的藏书票用。我将它们留作奇思异想的天地。
After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I
turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I've already
done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts.
This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the work.
在我读完一本书并在卷尾衬页
上做好我的个人索引之后，我便翻到卷 首，试着将全书作一概述，不是逐页地或逐点地进行（那个我在卷
尾已经做了），而是作为一个整体，基 本上前后连贯，各部分排列有序。对我来说，这个概述表明了我对该
著作理解的程度。


New Words
persuade
vt. cause (sb.) to do sth. by reasoning, arguing, etc. 说服，劝服
librarian
n. 图书馆管理员
property
n. (collectively) things owned; possessions 财产
prelude
n. action, event, etc. that serves as an introduction 序幕；前奏曲
possession
n. possessing; ownership; (pl.) property 拥有；所有权；财产

ownership
n. the possessing (of sth.); right of possessing 所有（权）
illustration
n. an example which explains the meaning of sth.; an explanatory picture, diagram, etc. 例；图
例；插图
beefsteak
n. 牛排
transfer
vt. hand over the possession of (property, etc.); change officially from one position, etc. to
another 转移；调动
butcher
n. a person who kills, cuts up and sells animals for food 屠夫
icebox
n. a box where food is kept cool with blocks of ice; (AmE) refrigerator
bloodstream
n. the blood as it flows through the blood vessels of the body 血流
absorb
vt. take or such in (liquids); take in (knowledge, ideas, etc.)吸收
best-seller
n. book that is sold in very large numbers 畅销书
individual
n. any one human being ( contrasted with society ) 个人
woodpulp
n. 木（纸）浆
dip
v. plunge or be plunged quickly or briefly into a liquid, esp. to wet or coat 浸；蘸
shiny
a. giving off light as if polished; bright 发亮的
restrain
vt. prevent; control; hold back 抑制；控制，约束
dogeared
a. (of a book) having the corners of the pages bent down with use, like a dog's ears(书页)卷角的
dilapidated
a. (of things) broken and old; falling to pieces 破旧的；倾坍的
loosen
v. make or become loose or looser （使）松开
continual
a. repeated; frequent 不断的；频繁的
scribble
v. write hastily or carelessly; write meaningless marks on paper, etc. 潦草书写；乱涂
preserve
vi. keep safe from harm of danger 保护；保存
intact
a. untouched; undamaged 完整无损的

elegantly
ad. beautifully; gracefully 优美地；雅致地
elegant
a. 优美的；雅致的
bind (bound)
vt. tie or fasten with a rope, etc.; fasten together sheets of (a book) and enclose within a cover
捆，绑；装订（书）
edition
n. form in which a book is published; total number of copies (of a book, newspaper, etc.) issued
from the same types （书等的）版本；版
paradise
n. the Garden of Eden; Heaven 伊甸园；天堂
crayon
n. 蜡笔； 颜色笔
original
a. of or relating to an origin or beginning; being the first instance or source from which a cop
can be made 最初的；原著的；原创作者的
painting
n. a painted picture; picture
statue
n. an image of a person or animal in wood, stone, bronze, etc. 雕像
inseparable
a. impossible to separate from one another
manufacture
vt. make, produce on a large scale by machinery 制造；（大量）生产
magnificent
a. splendid; remarkable 华丽的；宏伟的
indispensable
a. absolutely essential or necessary 必不可少的
conscious
a. aware; able to feel and think 有意识的；神志清醒
understanding
n. knowledge of the nature of sth., based esp. on learning or experience 理解
fiction
n. (branch of literature concerned with) stories, novels and romances 小说
croon
vi. sing gently in a low soft voice, usu. with much feeling 低声吟唱
reader
n. person who reads
invariably
ad. unchangeable; constantly 不变地；始终如一地
intelligent
a. having or showing a high degree of powers of reasoning or understanding 聪明的
caviar(e)

n. 鱼子酱
sharpen
v. become or make sharp(er)
disagreement
n. the fact or a case of disagreeing; lack of similarity 分歧；不一致
disagree
vi. 不同意
inquiry
n. question; asking 询问
resume
vt. go on after stopping for a time （中断后）重新开始
naturally
ad. of course; as one could have expected
humility
n. humble condition or state of mind 谦卑
solely
ad. not including anything else or any others; only
sole
a.单独的 唯一的
receptacle
n. a container for keeping things in 容器
literally
ad. actually; virtually 确实地；简直
fruitfully
ad. productively; with good results 富有成果地
fruitful
a. 富有成果的
underline
vt. draw a line under (a word, etc.) esp. to show importance 在„„下划线（表示强调）
forceful
a. strong; powerful
vertical
a. 垂直的
emphasize
vt. call attention to; stress 强调
asterisk
n. a starlike mark used to call attention to sth. 星号（即*）
doo- dad
n. (informal) a fancy, trifling ornament 小装饰物
sparingly
ad. economically; frugally 节约地
sequence
n. succession; connected line of events, ideas, etc. 顺序；连续；一连串
relevant

a. connected with what is being discussed; appropriate 有关的；适宜的
phrase
n. 短语
end-paper
n. (often pl.) a piece of blank paper stuck inside the cover at the beginning or end of a book 衬页
index
n. 索引
fancy
a. not ordinary; brightly coloured 别致的；花哨的
bookplate
n. a piece of paper with the owner's name, usu. pasted to the inside front cover of a book藏书票
integrate
vt. put or bring together (parts) into a whole 使成一整体
structure
n. way in which sth. is put together, organized, etc.; framework or essential parts of a building
结构
basic
a. essential; fundamental 主要的；基本的
unity
m. an arrangement of parts to form a complete whole; the state of being united 总体布局；统一

Phrases & Expressions
read between the lines
(fig.) find more meaning than the words appear to express 体会字里行间的言外之意
do(sb.) good
help or benefit (sb.) 帮助（某人）；对（某人）有益
dip into
read or study for a short time or without much attention 浏览；稍加探究
no more……than……
in no greater degree……than……
a set of
a number of (thing that belong together) 一套
so to speak say
(used as an apology for an unusual use of a word or phrase) as one might say; if I may use this
expression, etc. 可以说；容许我打个譬喻
get in the way
become a nuisance or hindrance 挡道；碍事
in the second place
as the second thing in order or importance 第二，其次
think through
think about until one reaches an understanding or conclusion 彻底全面考虑
reach for
stretch out one's hand to grasp; make an effort to grasp 伸手去抓；努力争取
set down

write down on paper
pick up
start again after interruption 中断后重新开始
leave off
stop
consist in
lie in; be equivalent to 在于；存在于
tie up
connect closely; fasten with rope, etc. 系紧；捆牢
reduce……to
state in a more concise form; summarize as 把„„归纳为

Proper Names
Rembrandt 伦勃朗（姓氏）
Dewey 杜威（姓氏）
Vallee 瓦利（姓氏）
Hutchins 哈钦斯
Chicago 芝加哥（美国城市）


Unit 7

Text
A young man finds it very difficult to say no to a woman as a result he gets into trouble. The
restaurant to which he has agreed to take his luncheon date is far too expensive for his small
pocketbook. How, then, will he be able to avoid the embarrassing situation?
一个年轻人 发觉很难拒
绝一位女士，他因此陷入了困境。他同意进行午餐聚会的那家餐厅对他可怜的荷包来说实在太 昂贵了。那
么怎样他才能避免这种尴尬的处境呢
THE LUNCHEON
午餐

et Maugham

I caught sight of her at the play, and in answer to her beckoning I went over during the interval
and sat down beside her.
我是在看戏的时候见到她的。幕间休息时，我应她的招呼走了过去，在她旁边
坐下。
It was long since I had last seen her, and if someone had not mentioned her name I hardly think I
would have recognised her. She addressed me brightly.
我上次见到她已是很久以前的事了，要不是有
人提起她的名字，我想我几 乎会认不出她来。她兴致勃勃地跟我谈了起来。


Do you remember the first time I saw you? You asked me to luncheon.
“瞧，自从我们初次相见已
经好多年了。真是光阴似箭啊!我俩都不年轻啦。你还记得我初次见到你吗 你请我吃的午餐。”
Did I remember?
我能不记得吗？

It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin Quarter
overlooking a cemetery, and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together.

那是20年前的事了，当时我住在巴黎。我在拉丁区租了一套小小 的公寓，从那里往下看去是一个公墓。我
挣的钱只够勉强维持生活。
She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and
presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would
like to have a chat with me; but her time was limited, and the only free moment she had was on
the following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg and would I give her a
little luncheon at Foyot's afterwards?
她读过 我的一本书，并曾跟我写信谈论该书。我回信向她致谢。
随即我又收到她的一封信，说她路过巴黎，想跟 我谈谈。但她的时间有限，只有下个星期四有空。那天上
午，她要去卢森堡宫，问我是不是愿意中午请她 在福伊约餐厅吃顿便饭。

Foyot's is a restaurant at which the French senators eat, and it was so far beyond my means that I
had never even thought of going there. But I was flattered, and I was too young to have learned
to say no to a woman. (Few men, I may add, learn this until they are too old to make it of any
consequence to a woman what they say.)
福伊约餐厅是法国参议员光顾的地方，去那儿吃饭远远超过
我的经济能力，所以以前连想都没有想过。但我当时受宠若惊，况且年纪太轻，还没有学会对一位女士说
个“不”字。(附带说一句，没有几个男人学会这一招，而到他们学会时，往往年事已高，他们说什么对女
人来讲已无足轻重了。)
I had eight francs (gold francs) to last me the rest of the month, and a modest luncheon should
not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee for the next two weeks I could manage well enough.
我当月的生活费还有 80法郎 (金法郎)，一顿便餐花不了15法郎。如果我下两个星期不喝咖啡，还是满可
以对付过去的。
I answered that I would meet my friend -- by correspondence -- at Foyot's on Thursday at half
past twelve. She was not so young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than
attractive, she was, in fact, a woman of forty (a charming age, but not one that excites a sudden
and devastating passion at first sight), and she gave me the impression of having more teeth,
white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.
我回信说，我将于下星期
四十二点 半在福伊约餐厅会见我的朋友。她并不如我想象的那么年轻。她的外表与其说美貌动人，毋宁说
丰腴魁伟 ，气概非凡。事实上，她已有40岁了 (这是一个有魅力的年龄，但不是初次相见就能令你激情迸
发、 神魂颠倒的那种年纪)，长着一口洁白整齐的大牙齿，给我的印象是，其数目之多已超过了实际需要。
She was talkative, but since she seemed inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an
attentive listener.
她很健谈，不过因为她想谈的话题似乎总是关于我的事，所以我便洗耳恭听。

I was startled when the bill of fare was brought, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had
anticipated. But she reassured me.
菜单拿来时，我大吃一惊。价格比我预料的要高出许多。但她的话
使我宽了心。


“我午餐从不吃什么东西，”她说。


“哦，可别这么说!”我慷慨地回答。


I wonder if they have any salmon.
“我从来只吃一道菜。我认为现在人们吃得太多。或许来点鱼还行 。
我不知道他们有鲑鱼没有。”

Well, it was early in the year for salmon and it was not on the bill of fare, but I asked the waiter if
there was any. Yes, a beautiful salmon had just come in, it was the first they had had. I ordered it
for my guest. The waiter asked her if she would have something while it was being cooked.
啊，吃
鲑鱼 的季节还没有到，菜单上也没有，但是我还是问了侍者。有，刚刚进了一条头等鲑鱼，这是他们今年
第一 次进这种货。我为客人叫了一份。侍者问她在鲑鱼烹制的当儿，要不要吃点别的。

have a little caviare. I never

mind caviare.
“不要，”她回答说，“我向来只吃一道菜，除非你有鱼子酱。鱼子酱我是从不拒绝的。”

My heart sank a little. I knew I could not afford caviare, but I could not very well tell her that. I
told the waiter by all means to bring caviare. For myself I chose the cheapest dish on the menu
and that was a mutton chop.
我的心微微 一沉。我知道我是吃不起鱼子酱的，但我不便跟她直说，我吩
咐侍者务必拿鱼子酱来。我自己则点了菜单 上最便宜的一个菜，这就是羊排。



eating heavy things like chops. I don't believe in overloading my stomach.
“我看你吃肉是不明智
的，”她说。“我不知道你吃了羊排这种油腻 的东西后还怎么工作。我不赞成把肚子撑得太饱。”

Then came the question of drink.
接着而来的是饮料问题。


“我午餐从不喝饮料，”她说。


“我也是如此，”我马上答道。


so light. They're wonderful for the digestion.
“但白葡萄酒例外，”她接着说，就好像我刚才没说似的。
“法国的白 葡萄酒非常清淡，十分有助消化。”


“你想喝点什么”我依然客
气地问道，但算不上热情。

She gave me a bright and amicable flash of her white teeth.
她嫣然一笑，露出一口白牙。


“我的医生只让我喝香槟。”

I fancy I turned a trifle pale. I ordered half a bottle. I mentioned casually that my doctor had
absolutely forbidden me to drink champagne.
我猜想我的脸色一定有点发白了。我要了半瓶，顺便提
及我的医生绝对禁止我喝香槟酒。


“那你喝什么呢”


“水。”

She ate the caviare and she ate the salmon. She talked gaily of art and literature and music. But I
wondered what the bill would come to. When my mutton chop arrived she took me quite
seriously to task.
她吃了鱼子酱，又吃鲑鱼。她兴高采烈，大谈艺术、文学、音乐。但我心里却在嘀咕，
不知这顿饭要 花多少钱。当我的羊排上来时，她一本正经地教训起我来。


follow my example and just eat one thing? I'm sure you'd feel ever so much better for it.
“我看你
习惯中午吃得很多。我肯定这样不好，你为什么不效法我的样子，只吃一道菜呢我相信那样 你会感觉好得
多。”


“我是打算
只吃这一道菜，”我说。这时侍者又拿着菜单走了过来。

She waved him aside with an airy gesture.
她轻轻地一挥手，让他走开。


more as an excuse for conversation than anything else.
“我可不这样，我午 餐从不吃东西。要吃，也
只是稍许吃一点，从不多吃。而我吃这么一点，主要也是为了借此机会闲谈而已 。
I couldn't possibly eat anything more unless they had some of those giant asparagus. I should be
sorry to leave Paris without having some of them.
我可不能再吃什么东西了，除非他们有那种大芦笋。
到了巴黎，不吃点芦笋，那就太遗憾了。”

My heart sank. I had seen them in the shops, and I knew that they were horribly expensive. My
mouth had often watered at the sight of them.
我的心一沉。我曾在店里见过芦笋，我知道它贵得可怕。

过去我每 见芦笋，常常馋涎欲滴。


“夫人想知
道你们有没有那种大芦笋，”我问侍者。

I tried with all my might too will him to say no. A happy smile spread over his broad, pries-like
face, and he assured me that they had some so large, so splendid, so tender, that it was a marvel.

我竭尽全力想使他说没有。他那张宽阔的教士般虔诚的脸上展露出愉快的笑容，他用肯定的语气对我说，
他们有又大、又好、又嫩的芦笋，简直是罕见的珍品。

not in the least hungry,my guest sighed, if you insist I don't mind having some
asparagus.
“我一点也不饿，”我的客人叹道，“不过如果你执意要请我吃，我也不反对吃点芦笋。”

I ordered them.
我便点了这道菜。


“你不吃点吗”


“不，我从不吃芦笋。”


eat.
“我知道有人不喜欢芦笋。事实是，你吃肉太多，伤了胃口。”

We waited for the asparagus to be cooked. Panic seized me. It was not a question now how much
money I should have left over for the rest of the month, but whether I had enough to pay the bill.

我们等着芦笋烹制好送上来。我突然惊恐起来。现在的问题已不是我还能 剩下几个钱来维持这个月的生计
了，而是我的钱够不够付账。

It would be embarrassing to find myself ten francs short and be obliged to borrow from my guest.
I could not bring myself to do that. I knew exactly how much I had, and if the bill came to more I
made up my mind that I would put my hand in my pocket and with a dramatic cry start up and
say it had been picked.
要是我差十法郎，不得不向客人借的话， 那就太难堪了。我可做不出那样的事来。
身边到底有多少钱，我心里有底，倘若账单超过了这个数字，我 就决心这么办：伸手往口袋里一摸，随即
故意惊叫一声，跳起来说钱给小偷扒了。

Of course, it would be awkward if she had not money enough either to pay the bill. Then the only
thing would be to leave my watch and say I would come back and pay later.
当然，如果她的钱也不够
付 账的话，那就尴尬了。那样，唯一的办法就是将我的手表留下，言明以后再来付。
The asparagus appeared. They were enormous, juicy, and appetising. I watched the wicked
woman thrust them down her throat in large mouthfuls, and in my polite way I spoke about the
condition of the drama in the Balkans. At last the finished.
芦笋 端上来了。又大汁又多，令人垂涎不
止。我一面看着这个邪恶的女人大口大口地将芦笋往肚里塞，一面彬 彬有礼地谈论着巴尔干半岛戏剧界的
现状。她终于吃完了。


“喝点咖啡”我说。


“好，就来一客冰淇淋和咖啡吧，”她回答说。

I was past caring now, so I ordered coffee for myself and an ice-cream and coffee for her.
到这时，
我什么也不在乎了，为自己叫了咖啡，为她叫了一客冰淇淋和咖啡。

in,said, as she ate the ice-cream.
should always get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more.
“你知道，我坚信一点，”她
边吃冰淇淋边说道。“当一个人吃完 一顿饭站起来时，他应该感到还没有吃得十分饱。”


“你还饿吗？”我有气无力地问道。


then dinner, but I never eat more than one thing for luncheon. I was speaking for you.
“噢，不，
我不饿。你知道，我不吃午餐。我早晨一杯 咖啡，然后到晚上用餐，但我午餐向来最多只吃一道菜。适才
我这样说是为了你啊。”

“哦，我明白啦!”
Then a terrible thing happened. While we were waiting for the coffee the head waiter, with an
ingratiating smile on his false face, came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge peaches.
They had the blush of an innocent girl; they had the rich tone of an Italian landscape.
接着，发生
了一件可怕的事 情。当我们在等咖啡的时候，那个领班侍者，带着满脸奉承的笑容，拎来满满一大篮子特
大的桃子，红得 酷似天真少女的脸蛋，其色调之瑰丽犹如一幅意大利风景画。
But surely peaches were not in season then? Lord knew what they cost. I knew too -- a little later,
for my guest, going on with her conversation, absentmindedly took one.
当时桃子肯定还没有到上
市季节，只有上帝晓得买它们得花多少价钱。不 过很快我也晓得了，因为我的客人一边说着话，一边心不
在焉地拿了一只。

filled your stomach with a lot of meatone miserable little chop --
you can't eat any more. But I've just had a snack and I shall enjoy a peach.
“你看，你已经塞了一
肚子肉，”--她是指我那可怜的一小块羊排 --“不能再吃什么了。而我只不过来了点小吃，我还可以再品尝
一只桃子。”

The bill came, and when I paid it I found that I had only enough for a quite inadequate tip.
账单来
了。付过账后，我发现剩下的钱连付点像样的小费都不够了。
Her eyes rested for an instant on the three francs I left for the waiter, and I knew that she thought
me mean. But when I walked out of the restaurant I had the whole month before me and not a
penny in my pocket.
她的目光在我留给侍者的三个法郎上停了一会 儿，我知道她会觉得我是个吝啬鬼。
可是等走出餐厅，我面临着的将是整整一个月的开销要支付，而口袋 里却分文俱无。

my example,she said as we shook hands, never eat more than one thing for
luncheon.
“你学学我，”她边握手边说道，“午餐顶多只吃一道菜。”


“我会做得更好，”我回敬道，
“我今晚什么也不吃了。”


“幽默家!”她得意洋洋地
大声说着，跳上了一辆马车。“你是个十足的幽默家!”

But I have had my revenge at last. I do not believe that I am a vindictive man, but when the
immortal gods take a hand in matter it is pardonable to observe the result with complacency.
Today she weighs twenty-one stone.
但是我终于报了 仇。我自认不是一个爱报复的人，但是竟连不朽
的众神也被触怒而干预其事时，我怀着心满意足的心情目 睹这个结局，想必也是可以原谅的了。现今她的
体重已达二十一英石(二百九十四磅)。


New Words
luncheon
n.& vi. (formal word for) lunch
beckon
vt. signal to (sb.) by a motion of the hand or head 向„„招手或点头示意
apartment
n. a single room; (AmE) flat or a set of rooms 房间；（美）一套公寓住房
Latin
a. 拉丁的 n. 拉丁文
quarter
n. division of a town, esp. one of a special class of people （都市的）区，街
overlook

vt. have a view of from above; fail to see or notice 俯视；忽略
presently
ad. soon; (AmE) at the present time 不久；（美）目前
chat
n., vi. (have) a friendly informal conversation 闲谈，聊天
senator
n. a member of a senate 参议员，上议员
means
n. money, income, or wealth, esp. large enough to afford all one needs 财富，资产
franc
n. the unit of money in France, Belgium. Switzerland, and some other countries 法郎
modest
a. not large in quantity, size, value, etc. 不太大的；适度的
imposing
a. impressive because of size, appearance, or dignity 仪表堂堂的；宏伟的
attractive
a. having the power to attract; pleasing 吸引人的；有魅力的
charming
a. very pleasing; fascinating 有魅力的
devastating
a. destructive; causing ruin; sweeping everything before it 毁灭性的；压倒一切的
passion
n. strong feeling or enthusiasm, esp. of love or anger 激情
impression
n. 印象
talkative
a. having the habit of talking a great deal; fond of talking 好说话的；健谈的
inclined
a. likely; tending(to); encouraged 有„„倾向的
attentive
a. listening carefully; doing acts to satisfy the needs of another 专注的；体贴的，殷勤的
startle
vt. give a shock of surprise to; cause to move of jump 使吃惊，使惊跳
fare
n. food, esp. as provided at a meal 食物
bill of fare
a list of dishes; menu 菜单
reassure
vt. set a person's mind at rest 使安心
generously
ad. with readiness to give money, help, kindness, etc. 慷慨地，大方地
generous
a. 慷慨的，大方的
nowadays

ad. at the present time, now
salmon
n. 鲑鱼
menu
n. a list of courses at a meal or of dishes that can be served in a restaurant 菜单
mutton
n. meat from a fully grown sheep 羊肉
chop
n. a small piece of meat with bone in it （连骨的）块肉
overload
vt. put too large a load on or in; overburden 使过载消化
digestion
n. 消化
hospitable
a. generous in the treatment of a guest 好客的
effusive
a. (of feelings, signs of pleasure, gratitude, etc.) pouring out too freely; too demonstrative or
emotional 热情洋溢的；感情（过多)流露的
amicable
a. friendly; peaceful
flash
n. a sudden, quick bright light; a sudden display 闪烁；闪现
champagne
n. 香槟洒
fancy
vt. suppose, imagine
trifle
n. a thing, event, etc. of little value or importance 琐事
forbid (forbade or forbad, forbidden)
vt. command(sb.) not to do sth.; refuse to allow (sb.) to have, use, enter etc.禁止
gaily
ad. in a happy and joyous manner
literature
n. 文学（作品）
airy
a. light-hearted; affected 轻盈的；做作的
bite
n. piece cut off by biting
asparagus
n. (sing. or pl.) 芦笋
water
vi. (of the eyes or mouth) fill with watery liquid, esp. tears or saliva
Madame
n. use as a title of respect for a woman (esp. a foreign married woman)夫人

might
n. power, strength, force
will
vt. influence or compel, by exercising the power of the mind 以意志力使
assure
vt. tell firmly and with confidence esp. with the aim of removing doubt 保证；使确信
tender
a. delicate; not hard or difficult to bit through 柔弱的；柔嫩的
marvel
n. a wonderful thing. sth. causing great surprise
sigh
vi. let out a deep breath slowly and with a sound (indicating sadness, tiredness, relief, etc.)叹气
ruin
vt. destroy or spoil (completely) 毁灭 n. a condition of destruction and decay
panic
n. sudden, uncontrollable terror or anxiety 恐慌
oblige
vt. compel; require, bind (sb.) by a promise, oath, etc. 强迫，使不得不
dramatic
a. of drama; sudden or exciting, like an event in a stage play
pick
vt. steal
juicy
a. having a lot of juice 多液汁的
appetising
a. arousing or exciting the desire for food 引起食欲的，美味可口的
wicked
a. very bad, evil 邪恶的
thrust
vt. push suddenly or violently; make a forward stoke with a sword, knife, etc. 猛推；刺，戳
throat
n. 咽喉
mouthful
n. as much (food or drink) as fills the mouth
drama
n. a play for the theatre, radio or TV; composition, presentation and performance of such plays
戏剧
head waiter
n. a man in charge of the waiters in a restaurant hotel, or dining car
ingratiating
a. making oneself very pleasant to sb. in order to gain favour 讨好的，奉承的
peach
n. 桃子
blush

n. reddening of the face, from shame or confusion
innocent
a. (of people) simple, not able to recognize evil; not guilty 天真的；无罪的
landscape
n. a wide view of natural scenery; a picture of such a scene 风景；风景画
Lord
n. God 上帝，主
snack
n. a small, usu. hurriedly eaten meal 小吃
instant
n. a moment of time
mean
a. ungenerous; unkind 吝啬的；刻薄的
retort
vt. make a quick, angry and often amusing answer 反驳
humorist
n. a person who makes jokes in speech or writing
humor
n. 幽默
cab
n. a carriage for public hire; taxi
revenge
n. 报仇，报复 vt. 替„„报仇
vindictive
a. unforgiving; having or showing a desire for revenge
immortal
a. living for ever 不朽的
pardonable
a. that can be forgiven
complacency
n. self-satisfaction 自鸣得意
stone
n. the British unit of weight equal to 14 pounds (6.35 kilos)

Phrase & Expressions
catch sight of
see suddenly or unexpectedly
in answer to
in response to
keep body and soul together
remain alive, esp. by earning enough money to feed oneself 勉强维持生活
pass through
go through; experience 穿过；经历
be beyond one's means

be more than one can afford 付不起
cut out
leave out 停止使用，戒除
at first sight
when seen for the first time 乍看之下；第一眼就
be inclined to
be likely to; tend to 易于„„的；倾向于，想
come in
become seasonable or available 上市；有供应
cancould not very well
cancould not reasonably 不好
by all means
certainly; at all costs 一定；务必
a trifle
somewhat, a little
come to
amount to 总计
take (sb.) to task
criticize (sb.)申斥（某）人
be in the habit of
have the habit of 习惯于
(not) in the least
丝毫
Leave over
leave as remainder (the best part having being consumed )留下，剩下
bring oneself to
make oneself (do); force oneself to 强迫自己
make up one's mind
choose what to do; decide 决定
start up
make a sudden movement due to surprise, alarm, pain, etc. 惊动，惊起
speak for
make a request for; speak on behalf of 要求得到；为„„说话，为„„辩护
in season
available, fresh for use as food 正在当令之时
go on with
continue doing
takehave a hand in
be partly responsible for; share (an activity) 参加，介入

Proper Names
Paris 巴黎（法国首都）
the Luxemb(o)urg 卢森堡宫（巴黎）
Foyot 福伊约（巴黎一餐馆）

the Balkans 巴尔干半岛各国；巴尔干山脉
Lord God; Jesus Christ


Unit 8

Text
Would you choose to live underground if you could gain many advantages from doing so?
Weather would no longer trouble you. Temperature would remain the same all the year round.
Artificial lighting could make the rhythm of our life uniform everywhere. And the ecology of the
natural world above ground would be greatly improved. Still, the prospect of moving
underground may not be appealing to many people.
如果你能从中获得很多好处，你会选择住在地下
吗？天气再也不会带 来麻烦。全年恒温。人造光源使全世界的生活节奏保持一致。地面上自然世界的生态
将大幅改善。然而， 移居地下的前景对很多人来说并不具吸引力。

THE NEW CAVES

新洞穴

Isaac Asimov
During the ice ages, human beings exposed to the colder temperatures of the time would often
make their homes in caves. There they found greater comfort and security than they would have
in the open.
在冰河时代，人类当时面临较为寒冷的气 温，常常在洞穴里安家。他们发现在洞里生活要比
在野外更舒适，更安全。

We still live in caves called houses, again for comfort and security. Virtually no one would willingly
sleep on the ground under the stars. Is it possible that someday we may seek to add further to
our comfort and security by building our houses underground -- in new, manmade caves?
我们现
今仍然住在被称作房子的洞穴里，目的还是为了舒适和安全。事实上，没 有人愿意露宿在星空下的野地里。
会不会有朝一日为了更加舒适和安全起见，我们把房屋建造在地下-- 建造在新的人造洞穴里呢？

It may not seem a palatable suggestion, at first thought. We have so many evil associations with
the underground. In our myths and legends, the underground is the realm of evil spirits and of
the dead, and is often the location of an afterlife of torment.
乍一想来，这一建议 似乎并不可取。说
起地下，我们会产生许许多多不愉快的联想。在神话和传说里， 地下是魔鬼和亡灵的世界，它常常是人们
死后遭受折磨的地方。
(This may be because dead bodies are buried underground, and because volcanic eruptions make
the underground appear to be a hellish place of fire and noxious gases.)
（这可能因为尸体总是埋在
地下的缘故，而 火山爆发又给人们一种印象，似乎地下充满着火与毒气，如同地狱一般。）
Yet there are advantages to underground life, too, and something to be said for imagining whole
cities, even mankind generally, moving downward; of having the outermost mile of the Earth's
crust honeycombed with passages and structures, like a gigantic ant hill.
然而生活在地下也有其有
利之处，设想将整座城市，乃至全人类搬入地下是有一定的道理的。如果将 地 壳最表层一英里厚的地方筑
满通道和建筑物，就像一个巨大的蚁冢，这会给人类带来各种好处。

First, weather would no longer be important, since, it is primarily a phenomenon of the
atmosphere. Rain, snow, sleet, fog would not trouble the underground world. Even temperature
variations are limited to the open surface and would not exist underground. Whether day or
night, summer or winter, temperatures in the underground world remain equable and nearly

constant.
首先，气候将变得无关紧要，因为它主要是大气层的一种 现象。雨、雪、霰、雾将不会给地下
世界带来麻烦。甚至气温的变化也局限于露天地表，而在地下则不存 在这种变化。不论白天黑夜，炎夏寒
冬，地下世界的温度将保持平稳，近乎恒温。
The vast amounts of energy now expended in warming
our surface surroundings when they are too cold, and cooling them when they are too warm,
could be saved. The damage done to manmade structures and to human beings by weather
would be gone. Transportation over long distances would be simplified. (Earthquakes would
remain a danger, of course.)
如今，当我们的地表环境太冷 时，则需要取暖，而太暖时，又需降温，耗
费大量的能量。若搬到地下生活，则统统可以省去。天气对人 造的建筑物以及人类本身的损害将不复存在。
地区性的交通问题也将大为简化。（当然，地震将依然是个 危险。）

Second, local time would no longer be important. On the surface, the tyranny of day and night
cannot be avoided, and when it is morning in one place, it is noon in another, evening in still
another and midnight in yet another. The rhythm of human life therefore varies from place to
place.
其次，地方时间将无关紧要。地球表面昼夜分明 ，谁也无法避免，一处是早晨，另一处是中午，再
一处是黄昏，又一处是午夜。所以人类生活的节奏因地 而异。
Underground, where there is no externally produced day, but only perpetual darkness, it would
be arificial lighting that produces the day and this could be adjusted to suit man's convenience.
在
地下，没有外界生成的白天，而只有永恒的 黑暗，人工照明形成白昼，这就可以根据人的需要加以调整。
The whole world could be on eight-hour shifts, starting and ending on the stroke everywhere, at
least as far as business and community endeavors were concerned. This could be important in a
freely mobile world.
整个世界都可以实行八小时轮班制，各地都可能做到同时上班，同时下班，至少公
务活动和社会活动可以如此。这对于一个自由流动的社会来说极为重要。

Air transportation over long distances would no longer have entail lag.
on another coast or another continent would find the society they reached geared to the same
time of day as at home.
乘飞机长途旅行将不会再引起“时差反应”。抵达大 洋彼岸或另一片大陆的人会
发现他们所到的那个社会与自己家乡一样都是按照同一时间运行的。

Third, the ecological structure could be stabilized. To a certain extent, mankind encumbers the
Earth. It is not only his enormous numbers that take up room; more so, it is all the structures he
builds to house himself and his machines, to make possible his transportation and
communication, to offer him rest and recreation.
第三，生态结构将会稳定下来。在一定程度上，人
类拖累了地球。这 不仅仅是指众多的人口占据了地球的空间，更多的是指人类为住家和安装机器构筑的房
子，为交通运输、 为休息、娱乐建造的各种设施。
All these things distort the wild, depriving many species of plants and animals of their natural
habitat -- and sometimes, involuntarily, favoring a few, such as rats and roaches.
这一切致使荒野
面目全非，剥夺了许多种动植物栖息、生长的天然场所-- 有时候，无意中还促进了诸如老鼠和蟑螂之类的某
些生物的繁衍。
If the works of man were removed below ground -- and, mind you, below the level of the natural
world of the burrowing animals -- man would still occupy the surface with his farms, his forestry,
his observation towers, his air terminals and so on, but the extent of that occupation would be
enormously decreased.
如果人类的建筑物都搬到地下-- 请注意，要搬到穴居动物生活的地层以下-- 人类
仍将占据地球表面，种地、植林、造了望台和航空站等等，但占有的程度将大大减小。
Indeed, as one imagines the underground world to become increasingly elaborate, one can
visualize much of the food supply eventually deriving from hydroponic growth in artificially
illuminated areas underground. The Earth's surface might be increasingly turned over to park and
to wilderness, maintained at ecological stability.
的确，可以想见随着地下世界变得越来越精巧复杂，