湖南大学自主招生-调查报告作文500字

Text Book 4
Unit 1
Text
Two college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted
by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn
that if something seems too good to be true, it probably is.
一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦
的劳动，被一份许诺轻松 赚大钱的广告吸引了。男孩们很快 就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多
半确实不是真的。

BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAY
轻轻松松赚大钱
John G. Hubbell

the indignity of having to ask for money all the time.
bag someone had hung on our doorknob.
“你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊 严的话，这兴许是一种办法。”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装
在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work (Bucks the Easy Way!of
delivering more such bags.
塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招 聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚
钱。(“轻轻松松赚大钱!”)


“我不在乎失不失尊严，”大儿子回答说。


“我可以忍受，”他的弟弟附和道。

，
embarrasses you.
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子，真使我痛心，”我说。

The boys said they would look into the magazine- delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business
trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was
my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone.
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。我听
了很高兴，便离城出差去了。午夜 时分，我已远离家门，在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。电话铃
响了，是妻子打来的。她想知道我 这一天过得可好。


“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。“你过得怎么样”
我问道。


front.
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。”


“又一辆卡车”?

one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second
brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be
four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's
happening.
“今晚第三辆了。第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告；第二辆运来四千份西
尔斯-罗伯 克百货公司的广告。我不知道这一辆装的啥，但我肯定又是四千份什么的。既然这事是你促成
的，我想你 或许想了解事情的进展。”

What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to
hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The
company had promised our boys $$600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday
morning.
我之所以受到指责，事情原来是这样：由于发生了一起报业 工人罢工，通常夹在星期日报纸里

的广告插页，必须派人直接投送出去。公司答应给我们 的孩子六百美金，任务是将这些广告插页在星期天
早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。


“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。


“六百块!”
他的弟弟应声道，“我们两个钟点就能干完!”


thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are
carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?
“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常
都是报纸那么大的四页，”妻子告诉我说，“现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页 广告。就在我们说话的当儿，
两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。这么多广告，我们可怎么办”。< br>
boys to get busy,do what they have to
do.
“你让孩子们快干，”我指示说。“他们都是大学生了。他们自己的事得由他们自己去做。”

At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my
wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of
ad inserts.
第二天中午，我回到旅馆，看到一份紧急留言，要我马上给妻 子回电话。她的声音高得很不自
然，而 且有些颤抖。家里又运到了好几卡车的广告插页。

department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on.
Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of
advertising here!
“有百货公司的，廉价商店的，杂货店的，食品店的，汽 车行的，等等。有些像整本
杂志那么厚。我们这里有数十万页，说不定是几百万页的广告!

They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's
only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together,
slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag.
我们家整个房子 从东墙到西墙，
从南墙到北墙统统堆满了广告，一堆又一堆，比你大儿子还要高。现在只剩下一点点空间，刚够一个人走
进去，从十一种插页中各取一份，卷在一起，套上橡皮筋，再塞进一只塑料袋内。
We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!Her voice kept
rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. this must be delivered by
seven o'clock Sunday morning.
我们的塑料袋足够供应全美所有的外卖餐厅!”她越 讲声音越响，几乎震
耳欲聋。“这么多的广告必须在星期日早晨七 点以前统统送出去。”
banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you
later. Got a lunch date.”
“嗯，你最好让孩子们尽快地捆扎装袋，等会儿我再跟你谈。我有个午餐约会。”

When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife.
我餐后回来，妻子又打来一只紧急电
话。


now than to say so.
“你午餐吃得不错吧”她用悦耳的声音问道。我吃的牛排好极了，但 这次我学乖了，
还是不说为妙。


“糟透了，”我报告说。“一种什么酸溜溜的
鱼，我想大概是鳗鲡吧。”

Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of
neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the
language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'
“不错嘛。你的大学生儿子已经雇了他们的弟弟妹妹和两< br>三个邻居的小孩帮忙，工钱一人五块，建起了 流水作业线。用外交术语来说，事情有进展。”


“这确实令人鼓舞。”

been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation!
It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!
“不，并非如此，”她纠正说。“相反，非
常叫人泄气。他们干了好 几个小时了。装好的塑料袋，一直堆到天花板，但一切努力收效很小。这些广告
宣传品简直就像是不停地 自行生产出来一样!”


of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.
“还有一件事，”她接着说，“你那上大学的儿子< br>必须明白，威胁雇员，说要揍他们，是不可能使他们卖力的。”

Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled,
Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags.
我跟大儿子一通上话，便咆哮道，“你如果再威胁那些孩子，我就对你不客气了!白痴!你应该给奖金，对装
袋最多的工人每小时奖励一块。”


“可那要减少我们的利润啦，”他提醒道。


don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or
sleeping until it is removed.
“那些孩子不帮你按时将所有的广告投送出去，你就什么利润也得不到 。
如果他们不干，你们俩就得亲手搬走所有的广告。而在把它们搬掉之前，你们吃不成，也睡不成。”< br>
There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, you have just worked a profound
change in my personality.
电话里出现了短暂的沉默，他在思考 。接着，他说，“爸爸，你刚才使我深受
启迪，令我恍然大悟。”


“那就干吧!”


“是，阁下!”

By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked
until someone demanded to see the color of cash.
到第二 天傍晚，我妻子就有许多事报告了。奖金计
划行之有效，可后来有人对能否兑现表示怀疑，提出把钱拿出 来给大家看看。
Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $$5
and a few competitive bonuses while the bosses collected hundreds of dollars each. The
organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $$5 per hour! They would not work
another minute until the bosses agreed.
接着 工人队伍里的一位活动家声称，老板每人拿几百块钱，工
人们决没有理由满足于每人五块外加一点点竞争 性的奖金。劳工组织人宣布，所有工人的工资都应该达到
每小时五块钱! 在老板答应之前，他们不再干活儿，一分钟也不干。

The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $$2 per hour. Gradually,
the huge stacks began to shrink.
罢工持续了不到两小时。通过调解，双方达成协议 ，每小时两块。渐
渐地，大堆的广告开始减少。

As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time
I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $$150 in labor costs, $$40 for gasoline,
and a like amount for gifts - boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station
wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother.
结果，全部工作比最后限期星期日早
晨七点提前三个小 时完成。等我回到家里，孩子们已经结了账。 劳务支出 150 元，汽油费40 元，还有 40
元买礼品——几盒糖果，送给乐于助人的邻居，他们主动开出 自家的车帮助投递，还有一打玫瑰送给他们
的母亲。
This left them with $$185 each - about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they
worked. Still, it was
a while.
除去以上开支，他们每人得到 185 元 --大约相当于 他们所干的 91 小时的最低工资的三分之二。
虽然如此，可正如一个儿子所说，那还是“足够”他们花一阵子，使他们“避免那种有失尊严的事。”

All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd
goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton from various corners
of the house out the front door to curbside. < br>几个星期过去了，一切都很好。后来，一个星期六的上午，
我们两个小儿子的奇怪举动引起了我的 注意。他们不停地将一个又一个的纸箱从房屋四处的角落里搬出，
经过前门，送到人行道边。
I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard
them discussing finances.
我以为他们的妈妈在指挥他们清除破 烂，好让垃圾车运走呢。正在这时，我听
到他们在议论经济问题。


“哟，我们会赚许多钱呢!”


“我们要发财啦!”

Investigation revealed that they were offering
经查问发现，他
们正在把我们的全部图书“出售或出租”。


“不成!不成!”我叫道。“不能把我们的书卖了!”


“哎唷，爸，我们以为你用不着它们了呢!”


“书永远不会'用'不着的，”我尽力解释道。


a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……
“你肯定用
不着了。你都看过了，再也不用 了。没有错。既然不用，还不如卖点钱。我们想避免那种有 失尊严的事，
不再伸手向你要„„”


New Words
buck
n. (sl.) U.S. dollar
plastic
a. 塑料的
n. (pl) 塑料
doorknob
n. 门把手
leisurely
a. unhurried 从容的，慢慢的
leisure
n. free time 空闲时间，闲暇
lucrative
a. profitable 有利的；赚钱的
pain
vt. cause pain to
panhandle
vi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streets
delivery
n. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投递；送交
enthuse
vi. show enthusiasm
inquire
vt. ask

super
a. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellent
snap
vt. say(sth.) sharply 厉声说
insert
n. 插页
normally
ad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常
company
n. 公司
echo
vt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和；重复
ad
n. (short for) advertisement
inform
vt. tell; give information 告知
porch
n. (AmE) veranda 门廊
armload
n. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armful
walk
n. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道
unnaturally
ad. in an unnatural way 不自然地
quaver
vi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble 颤抖
truckload
n. as much or as many as a truck can carry
department store
n. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百货公司
dime
n. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten cents
dime store
n. (AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉价商品店；小商口
店
drugstore
n. (AmE) a store that sells not only medicine, but also beauty products, film, magazines, and
food 药店，杂货店
grocery
n. a store that sells food and household supplies 食品杂货店
section
n. part of subdivision of a piece of writing, book, newspaper, etc.; portion （文章等的）段落；
节；部分
cram

vt. fill too full; force or press into a small space 把„„塞满；把„„塞进
stack
n. an orderly; heap or group of things 一叠（堆、垛等）
band
n. flat, thin piece of material 带；带状物
vt. tie up with a band 捆扎
rubber band
n. 橡皮筋
takeout
a. （餐馆）出售外卖菜的
range
n. the distance at which one can see or hear （听觉、视觉等）的范围
marvel(l)ous
a. wonderful; astonishing
steak
n. 牛排；大块肉（或鱼）片
sour
a. 酸的
eel
n. 鳗鲡
diplomacy
n. 外交
encouraging
a. 鼓舞人心的
dent
n. a hollow in a hard surface made by a blow or pressure; initial progress凹痕，凹坑，初步进
展
reproduce
vt. produce the young of (oneself or one's own kind) 生殖，繁殖
bodily
a. of the human body; physical
harm
n. damage or wrong 伤害
audience
n. the people gathered in a place to hear or see; a chance to be heard 观众；听众；陈述意见
的机会
snarl
vt. speak in a harsh voice 咆哮着说
bonus
n. an extra payment to workers 奖金
thoughtful
a. give to or indicating thought 沉思的，思考的
cash
n. money in coins or notes 现金

activist
n. a person taking an active part esp. in a political movement 激进分子
work force
n. total number of workers employed in a particular factory, industry or area 工人总数；劳动
人口
competitive
a. 竞争的
organizer
n. person who organizes things 组织者
mediation
n. 调解
party
n. one of the people or sides in an agreement or argument 一方；当事人
gradually
ad. slowly and by degrees.
gradual
a.逐渐的
shrink (shrank, shrunk)
vi. become less or smaller 减少；变小
deadline
n. fixed limit of finishing a piece of work 最后期限
station wagon
n. 小型客车，客货两用车
minimum (pl. minima or minimums)
n. the smallest possible amount, number, etc. 最低限度的量、数等
minimum wage
n. the lowest wage permitted by law or by agreement for certain work 法定最工资
odd
a. strange; unusual
goings-on
n. activities, usu. of an undesirable kind
carton
n. a cardboard box for holding goods 纸板箱（或盒）
curbside
n. the area of sidewalk at or near curb （curb: 人行道的镶边石）
enlist
vt. obtain the support and help of; cause to join the armed forces 取得„„的支持和帮助；征募
trash
n. waste material to be thrown away; rubbish 垃圾
pickup
n. a small light truck with an open back used for light deliveries 小卡车；轻型货车
overhear
vt. hear by chance; hear without the knowledge of the speaker(s)无意中听到；偷听到
finance

n. money matters; (used in pl.) money; (science of ) the management of funds 财政；钱财；金
融
geez
int.哎呀，呀
sale
n. the act of selling sth.

Phrases & Expressions
pull up
bring or come to a stop （使）停下
a piece of cake
(informal) sth. very easy to do
even as
just at the same moment as
know better than
be wise or experienced enough not (to do sth.) 明事理而不至于
be at
be occupied with, be doing
make a dent (in)
make less by a very small amount; reduce slightly; make a first step towards success(in)减少一
点；取得初步进展
cut into
reduce; decrease 减少
have no business
have no right or reason 无权，没有理由
settle for
accept, although not altogether satisfactory （无可奈何地）满足于
settle one's account
pay what one owes 结帐
quite a while
a fairly long time
draw(sb.'s) attention to
make sb. notice, or be aware of
for sale
intended to be sold
for rent
available to be rented
be done with
stop doing or using; finish 做完，不再使用
maymightcould as well
with equal or better effect 不妨，还不如，最好

Proper Names
Montgomery Ward

蒙哥马利—沃德百货公司
Sears, Roebuck
西尔斯—罗百克百货公司


Unit 2
Text
Is there anything we can learn from deer? During the -1974 the writer
of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when
winter arrives. The lessons he learns about the way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to
our everyday life.
有什么是我们能从鹿身上学到的吗在 1973-1974 年的“能源危机”期间，本文作者正
住在明尼苏达北部，能够观察当冬天来临时， 鹿如何生存。他从鹿储存能量的方法上得到的经验也能够运
用到我们的日常生活中。

DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLE
鹿和能量循环

Some persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more
practical turn of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes
the world go round.
有些人说，爱情驱使世界运转；另一些并不那么罗 曼蒂克而更为注重实际的人则说，
不是爱情，而是金钱。但真实情况是，能量驱使世界运转。
Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is
converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to
survive. On this cycle all life depends.
能 量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能量，能量再用来获
取更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存，生命 才成为可能。所有生命都维系在这一循环上。

It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can
during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and
then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce.
But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy
to live in winter than in summer.
差不多众所周知，野生动物得以年 复一年地生存下去，主要依靠在夏
秋生长旺季尽量多吃，通常将多余的部分以脂肪的形式储存起来，然后 到了冬天食物稀少的艰难时期，就
用这些储备的脂肪来维持生命。然而，很可能鲜为人知的是，即使有储 备的脂肪，野生动物在冬天消耗的
能量比夏天要少。

A good case in point is the whiter-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store
fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature
female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns
during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not
only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.
一个很好的例证是白尾鹿。与
大 多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两季，繁殖、生长并储存脂肪。一只成熟健壮的母
鹿 ，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，它必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅
是 为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。
The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good
timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. The
cost can not be met unless the region has ample food re sources.
产乳的最佳期也正是植物生长茂盛
之时。这个时机选择得很好，因为乳汁生产 是一个消耗能量的过程 -- 它需要大量的食物，除非该地区具有
丰富的食物资源，否则无法满足这种消耗。

As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother's
milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources. The adult males spend the summer
growing antlers and getting fat.
夏季一天天过去，幼 鹿日渐生长，它们变得较少依赖母鹿的乳汁，而更
加依靠生长中的植物为其食物来源。雄性成鹿在夏天生 长鹿角并养肥身体。
Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat
for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk
production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males.
在秋天，
雄鹿和雌鹿都继续进食高 质量食物，贮存体内脂肪，以备过冬。至于雌鹿和幼鹿，由于大量的能量用于产
奶或生长，脂肪的积累速 度不如完全成熟的雄鹿快。

Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited
and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.
脂肪储备如同银行里的存款，供冬天食物来
源不足时和有时由于雪深难以获得时，支取使用。

As fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the
deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September
and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes
cold.
随着秋去冬来，还会发生其他变化: 幼鹿失去皮毛上的斑纹，所有鹿身上的毛长厚，颜色变深。毛皮
的变化通常持续到 9 月。到11 月或 12 月天气变冷时，毛长得最厚。
But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter -- an internal
physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence
slows down their expenditure of energy.
此外，大自然还为鹿提供进一步的保护以帮助它们度过冬天
-- 体内生理机能作相应调节，放慢新陈 代谢，亦即生理活动的速度，从而降低能量的消耗。

The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate
practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer don't hibernate,
they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and
store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use stored fat
in the winter when food is less available.
鹿变得有点动作迟缓、嗜睡。它们的心率减慢。冬眠的动物保
存能量的 习性胜过鹿。虽然鹿不冬眠，但他们随季节改变新陈代谢节奏的习性则是一样的。夏秋间，食物
充裕的时 候，鹿消耗较多的能量并储存脂肪。在冬天食物匮乏时，它们则消耗较少的能量并使用储存的脂
肪。
When the first came in 1973-1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the
edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their
behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by
an increase again in the spring as the snow melted.
1973-1974 年间，第一次出现“能源危机”的时候，
我正与家人住 在明尼苏达州北部一处鹿群过冬地方的边缘地带。我们住在一个小屋里，观察鹿的生活习性，
观察它们是 如何随着冬季来临从夏秋的活动频繁状态而变得少动的，而到春暖雪融时，他们的活动又是如
何增多起来 的。

It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio:
necessary,
furnace down.
当时广播电台常告诫我们:“没有 必要不开车，”“多穿衣服好保暖，并请调低锅炉上的恒
温器。”这些话听起来既有趣又逗笑。

Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce
their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to
reduce their cost of living to increase their chance of surviving in winter.
因为与此同时，我们一直注
视着鹿减少活动，长出越冬的厚毛，并减缓新陈代谢。几千年来，他们一贯如此。鹿减少生存所需的能耗

以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学角度来看是合情合理的。

Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, survival and
productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for
several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find,
and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through.
当然，对鹿来讲，并
非每 个冬天都处于危难之中。如果冬天雪下得少，存活率和次年春天的繁殖力就高。但如果雪积得深，天
气连 续数周寒冷，鹿活动起来就得花费较多的能量，觅食会更难，这时它们就得更多地依赖其脂肪储备度
过寒 冬。
If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to
survive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animal such as deer.
如果这种
情况持续太久，有些鹿就要死亡，只有体型最大最壮的，才有可能存活。 对于像鹿这样四处自由奔走的野
生动物来说，这是一条根本的生存规律。

Yes, life - and death, too - is a cycle that goes round and round, and when animals die their
bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy.
的确，生命--还有死
亡-- 周而复始，循环不已。当动物死亡的时候，他们的尸体转化为能量，变成食物，供其他生命形式使用。

And the cycle continues.
如此循环，永不止息。


New Words
deer
n. (sing. or pl.)鹿
romantic
a. belonging to or suggesting romance; fanciful not practical 浪漫的；幻想的
turn
n. a natural tendency; inclination(天生）倾向
currency
n. money that is actually in use in a country 通货，货币
ecological
a. of or concerning interrelationship of organisms and their environment 生态的
ecology
n. 生态学
convert
vt. change (from one form, use, etc. into another); cause (a person) to change his beliefs, etc. 使
转变；使改变信仰（等）
excess
n. the part that is more than enough; the condition of exceeding what is usual or necessary 过
量；过度
reserve
n. sth. that is being or has been stored for later use 储备（物）
scarce
a. not available in sufficient quantity 缺乏的
wildlife
n. animals and plants which live and grow wild
nutritious
ing nourishment; nourishing有营养的；滋养的

mature
a. full grown and developed 成熟的；成年的
female
a. of the sex that gives birth to young 女（性）的；雌的
n. a female person, animal or plant
conceive
vt. become pregnant with (young); form (an idea, plan, etc.) in the mind 怀（胎）；构思
fawn
n. a young deer less than a year old
timing
n. selection for maximum effect of the precise moment for beginning or doing sth. 时机的选择
consume
vt. eat or drink; use; use up 消耗；消费
region
n. a place, space or area; a part of the body 地区；（身体的）部位
ample
a. plentiful 充裕的
resource
n. (pl.) possessions (esp. of a country). in the form of wealth and goods, that help one to do
what one wants 资源
dependent
a. relying (on another) for support
male
a. of the sex that does not give birth to young 男（性）的；雄的
n. a male person, animal or plant
antler
n. the solid, bony horn of a male deer 鹿角，茸角

deposit
vt. put or store for safe keeping; (esp. of a liquid, a river) leave lying (a layer of matter)存放;使沉
积
doe
n. a fully-grown female deer
expend
vt. spend or use up 花费；耗尽
accumulate
v. make or become greater in number or quantity; collect or gather 积累；积聚
account
n. a sum of money kept in a bank which may be added to or taken from 帐户；存款
spotted
a. marked with spots有斑点的
depth
n. the state or degree of being deep 深；深度，厚度
safeguard

n. a means of protection against sth. unwanted 预防措施
internal
a. of or in the inside, esp. of the body 内部的；体内的
physiological
a. 生理的；生理学的
metabolism
n. 新陈代谢
hence
ad. therefore 因此，所以
expenditure
n. expending or using up; the amount of money, time, etc. expended 花费;用光;支出额,费用
somewhat
ad. by some degree or amount; a little 有点，稍微
drowsy
a. sleepy or half sleepy; making one sleepy 困倦的；催眠的
hibernate
vi. (of some animals) pass the whole of the winter in a state like sleep 冬眠
extreme
n. either end of anything; highest degree 极端
seasonal
a. depending on the season; changing with the seasons 季节性的
rhythm
n. 节奏
abundant
a. more than enough 充足的；丰富的
cabin
n. a small roughly built, usu. wooden house 小木屋；茅舍
melt
v. cause (a solid) to become liquid; (of a solid ) become liquid （使）融化；（使）熔化
amusing
a. funny 逗人笑的；引起乐趣的
amuse
vt. cause to laugh or smile
thermostat
n. an automatic device for regulating temperature 恒温器
biologically
ad. 生物学上
biological
a.生物学的
biology
n.生物学
survival
n. the fact or likelihood of surviving 幸存
productivity

n. the ability or capacity to produce, productiveness 生产力；生产率；多产
fundamental
a. basic; most important

Phrases & Expressions
go round
function smoothly
in the form of
以„形式
in point
appropriate; pertinent 适用的；相关的
in (good) condition
in good health, physically fit
give birth (to)
bear; (fig.) produce 生（孩）子，产（仔）；产生，引起
draw on
take or use as a source 利用；动用
slow down
(cause to ) go more slowly than usual; (cause to ) live, work, etc. in a less active and intense way
（使）慢下来；（使）放松
turn down
reduce the force, speed, loudness, etc. of (sth.) by using controls 减弱；关小，调低
move about
travel around; go from one place to another
pull through
help (sb.) to survive a period of danger or crisis 使渡过危险或危机

Proper Name
Minnesota 明尼苏达（美国州名）


Unit 3

Text
Can you prove that the earth is round? Go ahead and try! Will you rely on your senses or will
you have to draw on the opinions of experts?
你能证明地球是圆的吗来试试看 吧！你将依靠你自己的智
力还是不得不引用专家的观点呢？

WHY DO WE BELIEVE THAT THE EARTH IS ROUND?
我们为什么相信地球是圆的

George Orwell
Somewhere or other — I think it is in the preface to saint Joan — Bernard Shaw remarks that we
are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the Middle Ages, and as an example of
modern credulity he cites the widespread belief that the earth is round.
记得在什么地方--我想是在
《圣女贞德》序言中-- 肖伯纳评论说，今天我们比在中世纪时更加轻 信，更加迷信。而作为现代轻信的例

证，他举出地圆说这一广为传播的信念。
The average man, says Shaw, can advance not a single reason for thinking that the earth is round.
He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the
twentieth-century mentality.
肖伯纳说，普通人举不出一条 理由来说明为什么相信地球是圆的。他全盘
接受这一理论，只是因为这一理论中有一种迎合20世纪心态 的东西。

Now, Shaw is exaggerating, but there is something in what he says, and the question is worth
following up, for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge.
当然，肖伯纳是夸大其词了，但他说的也确实有些道理，这一问题值得进一步探讨，因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。

Just why do we believe that the earth is round? I am not speaking of the few thousand
astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give ocular proof, or have a theoretical
knowledge of the proof, but of the ordinary newspaper-reading citizen, such as you or me.
我们
究竟为什么会相信地球是圆的呢我说的不是数千位天文学家、地理学家之类的人，他们可以用观察到 的事
实或用理论上的根据来证实这一点，我指的是如同你我之辈的报纸的普通读者。

As for the Flat Earth theory, I believe I could refute it. If you stand by the seashore on a clear day,
you can see the masts and funnels of invisible ships passing along the horizon. This phenomenon
can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved.
至于“地平说”，我相 信我能够
加以驳斥。如果你在天气晴朗的日子站立海边，你可以看到船桅和烟囱沿着地平线移动而不见船 体本身。
只有假设地球表面呈曲线状，这一现象才能得到解释。

But it does not follow that the earth is spherical. Imagine another theory called the Oval Earth
theory, which claims that the earth is shaped like an egg. What can I say against it?
但不能由此推
断地球是球形的。设想另一个称做“地球卵形说”的理论吧，这一学说声称地球形如蛋状。对此，我能说
什么加以反驳呢？

Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. The Oval
Earth man promptly answers that I don't know, by my own observation, that those bodies are
spherical.
面对“地球卵形说” 者，我能打的第一张牌是，可以根据太阳和月亮来类推。“地球卵形说”者
立即回敬道，我无法根据自己 的观察得知那些天体是球形的。
I only know that they are round, and they may perfectly well be flat discs. I have no answer to
that one. Besides, he goes on, what reason have I for thinking that the earth must be the same
shape as the sun and moon? I can't answer that one either.
我只能得知他们是圆的，而它们完全可 能
呈扁平的圆盘状。我对此无言以答。此外，他还会说，我凭什么理由认为地球一定与太阳和月亮的形状 相
同对此，我同样无法解答。
My second card is the earth's shadow: When cast on the moon during eclipses, it appears to be
the shadow of a round object. But how do I know, demands the Oval Earth man, that eclipses of
the moon are caused by the shadow of the earth?
我的第二张牌是地球的影子: 月食期间，地球投在
月亮上的影子看上去呈圆形物体状。但“地 球卵形说”者马上要问，我怎么知道月食是由地球的影子造成
的呢？
The answer is that I don't know, but have taken this piece of information blindly from newspaper
articles and science booklets.
回答是，我并不知道，我只是照搬报刊文章和科普小册子上的说法而已。
Defeated in the minor exchanges, I now play my queen of trumps: the opinion of the experts. The
Astronomer Royal, who ought to know, tells me that the earth is round.
小小交锋受挫，于是我打出
一张王牌“Q”: 专家的看法。英国格林威治皇家天文台台长总该是权威了，他告诉我说地球是圆的。
The Oval Earth man covers the queen with his king. Have I tested the Astronomer Royal's
statement, and would I even know a way of testing it?
“地球卵形说” 者用他的“K”牌压倒我的“Q”
牌。天文台台长的话我检验过没有再说，我知道怎么个检验法吗？

Here I bring out my ace. Yes, I do know one test. The astronomers can foretell eclipses, and this
suggests that their opinions about the solar system are pretty sound. I am, to my delight, justified
in accepting their say-so about the shape of the earth.
这时候，我打出我的“爱司”。是的 ，我确实知
道一个检验方法。天文学家能预报月食，这一点表明他们关于太阳系的看法是非常可信的。因 此，令我高
兴的是，我接受他们关于地球形状的论断是有道理的。

If the Oval Earth man answers — what I believe is true — that the ancient Egyptians, who
thought the sun goes round the earth, could also predict eclipses, then bang goes my ace.
如果
“地球卵形说”者反驳道--我以为他反驳得有理-- 认为太阳绕地球转的古代埃及人也能预言月食，那我的“爱
司”牌便立刻化为乌有。
I have only one card left: navigation. People can sail ship round the world, and reach the places
they aim at, by calculations which assume that the earth is spherical. I believe that finishes the
Oval Earth man, though even then he may possibly have some kind of counter.
我只剩下一张牌: 航< br>海。人们可以扬帆绕地球航行而到达他们的目的地，其航程的计算，就是以地球是球形的假定为依据的。< br>我相信这一下可以彻底击败“地球卵形说”者了。不过即便如此，他还可能有某种回击的办法。
It will be seen that my reasons for thinking that the earth is round are rather precarious ones. Yet
this is an exceptionally elementary piece of information.
由此可见，我认为地球是圆的，其根据是相
当不牢靠的。然而这却是一点极其基本的知识。
On most other questions I should have to fall back on the expert much earlier, and would be less
able to test his pronouncements. And much the greater part of our knowledge is at this level. 在
别的大多数问题上，我只得更早地依赖专家的理论，且更少有办法检验他的结论了。我们的知识， 其绝大
部分都停留在这一水平上。
It does not rest on reasoning or on experiment, but on authority. And how can it be otherwise,
when the range of knowledge is so vast that the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he
strays away from his own specialty?
它不是依靠推理或实验，而是依赖权威。可是，不这样，又有什么别的法子呢知识的范围如此广博，一旦越出其专业范围，专家也会变成一无所知。
Most people, if asked to prove that the earth is round, would not even bother to produce the
rather weak arguments I have outlined above. They would start off by saying that
knows
对大多数人来说，如果要他们证明地球是圆的话，就连我上面概述的这些相当无力的论据，他们也不愿提供出来。他们一开始就会说: 谁都知道地球是圆的。要是再加追问，就会生气了。
In a way Shaw is right. This is a credulous age, and the burden of knowledge which we now have
to carry is partly responsible.
在某种程度上讲，肖伯纳是说对了，如今是一个轻信的时代。究其缘由，< br>部分在于，我们现今必须掌握的知识实在太多了。


New Words
preface
n. an introduction to a book or speech 前言,序
gullible
a. easily deceived or cheated esp. into a false belief; credulous 易受骗的;轻信的
superstitious
a. full of superstition; believing in superstitions 迷信的
credulity
n. a tendency to believe to readily 轻信
cite

vt. mention as an example; quote (a passage, book, etc.) 举出;引出
widespread
a. found or distributed over a large area 分布广的;普遍的
advance
vt. put or bring forward; offer 提出
appeal
vi. please, attract or interest 投合所好;有感染力;有吸引力
mentality
n. way of thinking, outlook; mental power or capacity 心理,思想;脑力
exaggerate
vt. think, speak or write of as greater than is really so; overstate 夸张;夸大
sake
n. end, purpose 缘故
geographer
n. a specialist in geography
ocular
a. of, for, by the eyes; based on what has been seen 眼睛的;凭视觉的
theoretical
a. of or based on theory
citizen
n. 公民;市民
refute
vt. prove (a statement) to be untrue; prove (a person) to be mistaken 驳斥
mast
n. a long upright pole of wood or metal for carrying flags or sails on a ship 桅杆
funnel
n. a metal chimney for letting out smoke from a steam engine or steamship (蒸汽机,轮船等的)
烟囱
invisible
a. that can not be seen
horizon
n. the line where the sky seems to meet the earth or sea 地平线
phenomenon (pl. phenomena)
n. 现象
curve
vt. bend so as to form a line that has no straight part 使成曲线
n. a continuously bending line without angles 曲线
follow
vi. result or occur as a consequence, effect, or inference 结果产生;得出
spherical
a. shaped like a ball 球形的
oval
n.& a. (anything which is) egg-shaped 卵形的(东西), 椭圆的(东西)
card

n. 纸牌
analogy
n. comparison of things that have a certain likeness; similarity 类比; 相似
promptly
ad. quickly and willingly 敏捷地;迅速地
prompt
a. 敏捷的;迅速的；及时的
body
n. =celestial body 天体
disc
n. 圆盘
cast
vt. throw or drop; cause (light or shadow) to appear (on) 扔,投; 投射
eclipse
n. the total or partial hiding of one celestial body by another (天文学)食
booklet
n. a small book, usu. with a paper cover 小册子
exchange
vt. give and receive (one thing in return for another) 交换
trump
n. 王牌
royal
a. for, belonging to, or connected with a king or queen 皇家的; 王室的
statement
n. expression in words; a written or spoken declaration, esp. of a formal kind 陈述;声明
ace
n. (纸牌中的)牌,爱司
foretell
vt. tell beforehand; predict 预言
solar
a. of the sun
the solar system
the sun and the planets which revolve round it
justify
vt. give a good reason for; show to be just, right or reasonable 证明„„是正当的；为„辩护
say-so
n. an authoritative pronouncement; one's unsupported assertion 权威性声明；无证据的断言
Egyptian
n.,a. (native) of Egypt 埃及人；埃及的
predict
vt. announce or tell beforehand; forecast 预言
bang
ad. with a sudden loud noise; with a sudden impact 砰地
navigation

n. the act or process of navigating 航海
calculation
n. the act of adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing to find a result 计算
calculate
vt.计算
calculator
n. 计算器
counter
n. sth. of value in bargaining; a return attack, such as a blow in boxing 讨价还价的本钱；回击，
反击
precarious
a. insecure; depending upon mere assumption 不安全的；根据不足的，靠不住的
exceptionally
ad. unusually
authority
n. power to influence; power to give orders and make others obey 权威；权力
ignoramus
n. an ignorant person 无知的人
stray
vi. wander away; (of thoughts or conversation) move away from the subject 走离；离题
specialty
n. a special field of work or study 专业
outline
vt. indicate the main ideas or facts of
n. a systematic listing of the important points of a subject 提纲
press
vt. demand or ask for continuously 催促，逼迫
credulous
a. tending to believe sth. on little evidence, arising from credulity 轻信的
burden
n. sth. difficult to bear; load 重负；负荷

Phrases & Expressions
follow up
pursue or investigate closely; take further action after (sth.) 深入研究或调查；采取进一步行动
for the sake of
for the good or advantage of; for the purpose of 为了„的利益；为了
throwshed light on
make clear; explain 使明白，使明朗；解释
and so forth
and so on
as for
with regard to, concerning 至于
may well (not)

be very likely (not) to 完全（不）可能
bring out
show; offer to the public 拿出；使显出；推出（新产品等）
aim at
have as one's target, objective, etc.
fall back on
turn to for support 求助于
rest on
depend on, rely on
stray away from
wander from; move from 偏离
start off
begin; depart
in a way
to a certain extent; a little; somewhat 在某种程度上

Proper Names
Saint Joan
圣女贞德
Bernard Shaw
萧伯纳

Unit 4
Text
Jim Thorpe, an American Indian, is generally accepted as the greatest all- round athlete of the first
half of the 20th century. Yet the man, who brought glory to his nation, had a heartbreaking life.
What caused his sadness and poverty?
Jim Thorpe， 一个美国印地安人 ，在前半个20世纪里，被认
为是最伟大的万能运动员。就是那个人，给他的国家带来了荣耀。但是却有 一个极为悲伤的生活。是什么
导致了他的悲伤和贫穷？

JIM THORPE
吉姆·索普照
Steve Gelman
The railroad station was jammed. Students from Lafayette College were crowding onto the train
platform eagerly awaiting the arrival of the Carlisle Indian school's track and field squad.
火车站
挤得水泄不通。拉斐德学院的学生们一齐拥上月台，热切地 等待着卡莱尔印第安人学校田径队的到来。
No one would have believed it a few months earlier. A school that nobody had heard of was
suddenly beating big, famous colleges in track meets. Surely these Carlisle athletes would come
charging off the train, one after another, like a Marine battalion.
倘若 在几个月前，准无人会相信，
一个谁也没听说过的学校，会在田径场上突然大败许多有名的大学。不用说 ，这些卡莱尔的运动员抵达后，
一个接着一个冲下火车，准会像一营海军陆战队那样。

The train finally arrived and two young men -- one big and broad, the other small and slight --
stepped onto the platform.
火车终于到站，两位年轻人-- 一位，大个儿，体格魁梧，另一位，小个儿，
长相瘦弱--踏上了月台。


“田径队在哪儿？”一位拉斐德的学生问道。

“就在这儿。”大个子回答道。


“就你们两个？”


“不，就我一个，”大个子说。 “这
位小兄弟是领队。”

The Lafayette students shook their heads in wonder. Somebody must be playing a joke on them.
If this big fellow was the whole Carlisle track team, he would be competing against an entire
Lafayette squad.
拉斐德的学生们诧异地摇摇头。一定有人在开他们的玩笑 。如果卡莱尔田径队就只有大
个子一人，那他就得与整个拉斐德田径队比试高低了。
He did. He ran sprints, he ran hurdles, he ran distance races. He high-jumped, he broad-jumped.
He threw the javelin and the shot. Finishing first in eight events, the big fellow beat the whole
Lafayette team.
确实如此。他短跑，他跨栏，他长跑，他跳高 ，他跳远。他又投标枪又掷铅球。大个子
赢得八项第一，一个人击败了整个拉斐德田径队。

The big fellow was Jim Thorpe, the greatest American athlete of modern times. He was born on
May 28,1888, in a two-room farmhouse near Prague, Oklahoma. His parents were members of
the Sac and Fox Indian tribe and he was a direct descendant of the famous warrior chief, Black
Hawk.
这位大个子就是吉姆·索普，现代美国最伟大的运动员。他于188 8年5月28日出生在俄克拉荷马
布拉格附近一个只有两间房的农舍里。他的父母亲是印第安人，袋与狐 部落的成员，他是著名的武士首领
黑隼的嫡系后裔。

As a Sac and Fox, Jim had the colorful Indian name Wa-Tho-Huck. Which, translated, means
Bright Path. But being born an Indian, his path was not so bright. Although he had the
opportunity to hunt and fish with great Indian outdoorsmen, he was denied opportunity in other
ways.
作为袋与狐部落的成员，吉姆有一 个动听的印第安名字：瓦·索·哈克，翻译出来，意为“光明之
路”。但由于生来是一个印第安人，他的 道路并不那么光明。虽然他有机会与熟谙野外生活的印第安人一起
捕鱼、守猎，但其它方面的机会全给剥 夺了。
The United States government controlled the lives of American Indians and, unlike other people,
Indians did not automatically become citizens. It was almost impossible for an Indian to gain even
a fair education and extremely difficult, as a result, for an Indian to rise high in life.
当时，美国政府
控制了全美印第安人的生活，而且，与其他民族不同，印第 安人不能自动获得公民资格。印第安人甚至连
受起码的教育的机会也极少，因而，要想出人头地是难而又 难。
Young Bright Path seemed destined to spend his life in the Oklahoma farmland. But when he was
in his teens, the government gave him the chance to attend the Carlisle Indian School in
Pennsylvania.
年轻的“光明之路”似乎注定要在俄克拉荷马的农田里度过一生 。但在他十几岁的时候，
政府给了他一个机会去宾夕法尼亚的卡莱尔印第安人学校就读。
Soon Carlisle was racing along its own bright path to athletic prominence. In whatever sport Jim
Thorpe played, he excelled, He was a star in baseball, track and field, wrestling, lacrosse,
basketball and football.
不久，卡莱尔学校沿着自己的光明之路 冲上了体育运动的高峰。不管吉姆·索普
参加哪项运动，他都表现得很出色。他是棒球明星、田径明星、 摔跤明星、长曲棍球明星、篮球明星和橄
榄球明星。
He was so good in football, in fact, that most other small schools refused to play Carlisle. The
Indian school's football schedule soon listed such major powers of the early twentieth century as
Pittsburgh, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Penn State and Army.
事实 上，他的橄榄球打得十分出色，以至于
大多数其它规模较小的学校都不肯与卡莱尔比赛。不久，这个印第 安学校的橄榄球比赛日程上，列出的都
是些20世纪初的主要强队，例如匹兹堡队、例如匹兹堡队，哈佛 队，宾州队及陆军队等。

Thorpe was a halfback. He was six feet one inch tall, weighed 185 pounds and had incredible

speed and power.
索普打前卫。他身高6.1英尺，体重185磅，速度奇快，力量惊人。
He built upon these natural gifts daily. He would watch a coach or player demonstrate a difficult
maneuver, then he would try it himself. Inevitably, he would master the maneuver within
minutes.
在天赋的基础上，他坚持训练，技艺与日俱增。他仔细观察教练或运动员示 范难度大的动作，然
后自己试着练。往往只消几分钟，他就学会了。

During every game, opponents piled on Thorpe, trampled him, kicked him and punched him,
trying to put him out of action. They were never successful. Years later someone asked him if he
had ever been hurt on the field. Thorpe said. could anyone get hurt playing
football?
每次比赛，对方的球员们常一块儿 压在索普的身上，踩他，踢他，用拳头猛击他，试图使他丧
失比赛能力。但他们的企图从未得逞。数年之 后，有人问他在球场上受过伤没有。 “受伤？”索普回答说，
“打橄榄球怎么会受伤呢？”

But Jim never played his best when he felt he would have to no fun playing. of
playing in the rain?he once said. And his Carlisle coach, Pop Warner, once said, no
doubt that Jim had more talent than anybody who ever played football, but you could never tell
when he felt like giving his best.
但是每当吉姆感到打球没趣的时候，他就打不出他的水平。有一次他
曾说 ：“下着雨打球有啥意思？”他的卡莱尔教练波伯·沃纳也曾说过：“毫无疑问，吉姆是迄今最有天赋
的 橄榄球运动员，但你永远无法弄清什么时候他想拿出最好的一手来。”然而，橄榄球，没有为索普带来最
美好的时刻。

Football, though, did not provide Thorpe with his finest hour. He was selected for the United
States Olympic track team in 1912, and went to Sweden with the team for the Games. On the
ship, while the other athletes limbered up, Thorpe slept in his bunk. In Sweden, while other
athletes trained, Thorpe relaxed in a hammock. He never strained when he didn't feel it
necessary.
1912年，他被选入美国奥林匹克田径代表队，随队去瑞典参加运动 会。在船上，别的运动员都
在活动身体，索普却在床上睡大觉。到了瑞典，别的运动员在训练，索普却躺 在吊床上休息。不到必要的
时候，他从来不肯使劲。

Thorpe came out of his hammock when the Games began, to take part in the two most
demanding Olympic events.
运动会开始了，索普这才从吊床上下来，参加奥林匹克运动会对体力和技
术要求最高的两项比赛 。
He entered the pentathlon competition, a test of skill in five events: 200-meter run, 1500-meter
run, broad jump, discus and javelin;
他参加5项全能比赛，这是对个项目技能的考验：200米跑、1500
米 跑、跳远、铁饼和标枪。
and the decathlon competition, a series of ten events: 100-meter run, 400-meter run,
1500-meter run, high hurdles, broad jump, high jump, pole vault, discus, javelin and shot put.
他
还参加10项全能比赛，这10项系列竞赛是“100米跑、400米跑、150 0米跑、高栏、跳远、跳高、撑杆
跳、铁饼、标枪和铅球。

Though most athletes were utterly exhausted by the decathlon alone, Thorpe breezed through
both events, his dark hair flopping, his smile flashing, his muscled body gliding along the track. He
finished first in both the pentathlon and decathlon, one of the great feats in Olympic history.
大多
数运动员参加10项全能这一项就精疲力尽了， 而索普却轻松自如地赛完两项。他一头黑发扑颠着，脸上闪
烁着微笑，那肌肉强健的身体沿着跑道轻捷地 飞奔着。在5项和10项两个全能项目比赛中，他都名列第一，
这是奥林匹克运动史上伟大的业绩之一。

the greatest athlete in the world.
瑞典国王古斯塔夫五世在把两块金牌授给索普的时候说：“先生，”
“你是世界上最伟大的运动员。”

And William Howard Taft, the President of the United States, said,
of citizen.
美国总统威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱也说：“吉姆·索普是公民的最高典范。”

King Gustav V was correct, but President Taft was not. Though Jim Thorpe had brought great
glory to his nation, though thousands of people cheered him upon his return to the United States
and attended banquets and a New York parade in his honor, he was not a citizen.
古斯塔夫五世国
王讲对了，但 塔夫脱总统却没有说对。尽管吉姆·索普为他的国家赢得了伟大的荣誉，尽管他回到美国时，
数千人前去 热烈欢迎他并参加了为他举行的宴会和纽约的游行，而他却不是一个美国公民。

He did not become one until 1916. Even then, it took a special government ruling because he was
an Indian.
直到1916年，他才取得公民资格。而且，那还是经过政府特别裁决才授予他的，因 为他是一
个印第安人。

Jim Thorpe was a hero after the Olympics and a sad, bewildered man not too much later.
Someone discovered that two years before the Olympics he had been paid a few dollars to play
semiprofessional baseball.
奥林匹克运动会 后，吉姆·索普成了英雄，但没过多久，他就成了一个悲伤、
迷惘的人。原来，有人发现，奥林匹克运动 会前两年，他曾经为了几块钱参加过半职业性的棒球比赛。
Though many amateur athletes had played for pay under false names, Thorpe had used his own
name.
许多业余运动员使用假名参赛赚钱，而索普却用自己的真名。

As a result, he was not technically an amateur when he competed at Stockholm as all Olympic
athletes must be. His Olympic medals and trophies were taken away from him and given to the
runners- up.
如果，从技术上来讲，他在斯德哥尔摩参赛时，已不是一名业余运动员了，而根据规定，所有奥林匹克运动员必须是业余选手。于是，他的奥林匹克奖章和奖品被收了回去，给了第二名的获得者。
After this heartbreaking experience, Thorpe turned to professional sports. He played major
league baseball for six years and did fairly well.
在这次令人心碎的经历之后，索普转向职业运动。他
为主要的棒球联赛协会打了六 年球，成绩还不错。
Then he played professional football for six years with spectacular success.
接着，他加入职业橄榄
球队，参赛六年，成绩斐然。
His last professional football season was in 1926. After that, his youthful indifference to studies
and his unwillingness to think of a nonsports career caught up with him. He had trouble finding a
job, and his friends deserted him.
1926年，他 结束了职业橄榄球员生涯。到这时候，年轻时，他对学业
漫不经心，加之，他一直也不愿考虑运动员以外 的职业。这一切终于给他带来了不幸。他找不到工作，朋
友们也抛弃了他。
He periodically asked for, but never was given back, his Olympic prizes. From 1926 until his death
in 1953, he lived a poor, lonely, unhappy life.
他不时地要求，发还给他，但最终也未能要回他的奥林匹
克奖牌。从1926年直 到1953年世，他过着贫穷、寂寞、不幸的生活。

But in 1950 the Associated Press held a poll to determine the outstanding athlete of the
half-century. Despite his loss of the Olympic gold medals and a sad decline in fortune during his
later years, Thorpe was almost unanimously chosen the greatest athlete of modern times.
1950年，
美联社举行民意测验以确 定半个世纪中最杰出的运动员。尽管索普失去了奥林匹克金牌，晚年境遇凄楚，
人们依然几乎一致地推选 他为现代最伟大的运动员。


New Words
jam
v. fill or block up (the way) by crowding; (cause to ) be packed, pressed, or crushed tightly into a
small space 堵塞；（使）塞满
platform

n. a raised flat surface built along the side of the track at a railway station for travellers getting
on or off a train 月台
await
vt. wait for; look forward to
track
n. a course for running or racing; track-and-field sports, esp. those performed on a running
track 跑道；径赛运动；田径运动
field
n. an area, esp. circled by a track where contests such as in jumping or throwing are held; the
sports contested in this area 田赛场地；田赛运动
squad
n. a small group of persons working, training, or acting together; the smallest military unit,
usually made up of eleven men and a squad leader 小队；班
charge
vi rush in or as if in an attack 向前冲；冲锋
Marine
n. a member of the U.S. Marine Corps （美国）海军陆战队士兵或军官
battalion
n. military unit made up of several companies 营
broad
a. wide, large across 宽的，广阔的
nope
ad. (AmE sl.) no
compete
vi. take part in a race, contest, etc.' try to win sth. in competition with sb. else 比赛；竞争
sprint
n. short race; dash 短跑
vi. run at one's fastest speed, esp. for a short distance
hurdle
n. a light frame for people or horses to jump over in a race 栏；跳栏
broad(-) jump
n.& vi. (AmE) (do) a long jump 跳远
javelin
n. light spear for throwing (usu. in sport) 标枪
shot
n. the heavy metal ball used in the shot put 铅球
tribe
n. 部落
descendant
n. a person descended from another or from a common stock 子孙；后裔
warrior
n. a man who fights for his tribe; a soldier or experienced fighter 斗士，勇士；（老）战士
colorful
a. full of color; exciting the senses or imagination 艳丽的；丰富多彩的

hunt
v. go after (wild animals) for food or sport; search (for) 追猎，打猎；搜寻
outdoorsman
n. a man, such as a hunter, fisherman, or camper, who spends much time outdoors for pleasure
deny
vt. say that (sth.) is not true; refuse to give 否认；拒绝给予
destine
vt. (usu. passive) intend or decide by fate; intend for some special purpose 命中注定；预定
farmland
n. land used or suitable for farming 农田
teens
n. the period of one's life between and including the ages of 13 and 19
prominence
n. the quality or fact of being prominent or distinguished 凹出；杰出
prominent
a.杰出的 卓越的
excel
vi. be very good (in or at sth) 突出，超常
wrestling
n. a sport or contest in which each of two opponents tries to throw or force the other to the
ground 摔跤（运动）
wrestle
v.摔跤 使劲搬动
lacrosse
n. 长曲棍球（运动）
football
n. 橄榄球（运动）
power
n. a person, group or nation that has authority or influence 握有大权的人物；有影响的机构；
强国
halfback
n. (橄榄球、足球等）前卫
incredible
a. too extraordinary to be believed, unbelievable 难以置信的
coach
n. a person who trains sportsmen for games, competitions, etc. 教练
demonstrate
vt. explain by carrying out experiments or by showing examples 用实验或实例说明；演示
maneuver
n. a skillful move or trick, intended to deceive, to gain sth., to escape, or to do sth. 机动动作；
策略；花招
opponent
n. a person who is on the other side in a fight, game, or discussion 对手；反对者
trample

vt. step heavily with the feet on; crush under the feet 踩；践踏
punch
vt. strike (sb. or sth.) hard with the fist 用拳猛击
Olympic
a. of or connected with the Olympic Games
limber
v. make or become flexible （使）变得柔软灵活 可塑的
bunk
n. a narrow bed fixed on the wall, e.g. of a cabin in a ship or in a train 床铺，铺位
hammock
n. a hanging bed of canvas or rope network, e.g. as used by sailors, or in gardens （帆布或网状）
吊床
strain
vi. make violent efforts; strive hard 尽力，使劲
demanding
a. making severe demands 要求高的；苛求的
pentathlon
n. an athletic contest in which each contestant takes part in five events 五项运动
competition
n. competing; contest; match
discus
n. a heavy, circular plate of rubber, plastic or wood with a metal rim 铁饼
decathlon
n. an athletic contest consisting of ten events 十项运动
shot put
n. a competition to throw a heavy metal ball the furthest distance 推铅球
utterly
ad. completely; totally
utter
a.全然的 绝对的
breeze
vi. move or go quickly and in a carelessly confident way 轻快地行动
flop
vi. move or bounce loosely 扑动
flash
vi. give out sudden, brief light or flame; shine or gleam 闪光；闪烁
glide
vi. move in a smooth continuous manner which seems easy and without effort 滑动，滑行
feat
n. an act showing great skill, strength, or daring; a remarkable deed, notable esp. for courage
武功；技艺；功绩
glory
n. high fame and honour won by great achievements; sth. deserving respect and honour 光荣，
荣誉；荣誉的事

banquet
n. a dinner for many people, at which speeches are made, in honour of a special person or
occasion 宴会
ruling
n. an official decision 裁决
Olympic
n. Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会
professional
a. done by, played by, or made up of people who are paid 职业的
n. a person who lives on the money he earns by practising a particular skill or sport 以特定职
业谋生的人
amateur
n. a person playing a game, taking part in sports, etc. without receiving payment 业余爱好者
a. of, by, or with amateurs; not paid lacking skill 业余的
technically
ad. in technical terms; in a technical sense; according to fixed rules 技术上；按规则
trophy
n. a prize given for winning a race, competition, or test of skill 奖品
runner-up
n. a player or team that comes second in a contest 亚军
heartbreaking
a. causing great sorrow or grief; extremely distressing 令人心碎的
league
n. a group of sports clubs or teams that play matches among themselves 联赛协会
spectacular
a. strikingly grand or unusual 壮观的；惊人的
season
n. the period of time during which a sport is played 赛季
youthful
a. young; having the qualities of young people
indifference
n. absence of interest or feeling 不关心，冷漠
indifferent
a.无关紧要的
periodically
ad. at regular intervals, every now and then
outstanding
a. much better than most others; very good 杰出的
despite
prep. in spite of
decline
n. losing of power, strength, wealth, or beauty; falling to a lower level 衰落；下降
unanimously
a. with complete agreement; without a single opposing vote 一致地；无异议地区性

Phrase & Expressions
track and field
the sport or athletic events, such as running, jumping and weight throwing performed on a
running track and on the adjacent field 田径运动
play a joke on sb.
do sth. to make other people laugh at someone 同某人开玩笑
put……out of action
stop„working, make„unfit for a typical activity 使停止工作；使不再起作用；使失去战斗力
limber up
make the muscles stretch easily by exercise, esp. before violent exercise(比赛等前)做准备活动
take part in
have a share or part in; join in 参加
breeze through
proceed with effortlessly in a carefree manner 轻而易举地完成
in one's hono(u)rin
向„„表示敬意；为庆祝„„；为纪念„„
catch up with
have the expected ill effect or result on 对„„产生预期恶果

Proper Names
Thorpe 索普
Lafayette College 拉斐德学院
Carlisle Indian School 卡尔印第安人学校
Prague 布拉格（文中指美国地名）
Oklaboma 俄国拉何马（美国州名）
Sac and Fox 印第安人部落之一
Black Hawk 黑隼（印第安人首领名）
pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚（美国州名）
Pittsburgh 匹兹堡（美国城市）
Penn (short for) Pennsylvania
Pop Warner 波伯.沃纳
Sweden 瑞典
Gustav V 古斯塔夫五世
William Howard Taft 威谦.霍华德.塔夫脱
Stockholm 斯德哥尔摩（瑞典首都）
the Associated Press 联合通讯(简称美联社)(美国通讯社名)


Unit 5

Text
Is it ever proper for a medical doctor to lie to his patient? Should he tell a patient he is dying?
These questions seem simple enough, but it is not so simple to give a satisfactory answer to them.

Now a new light is shed on them.
医生可以对病人撒谎吗医生应该告诉病人他已经病入膏 肓了吗这些问
题看起来很简单，但是要给出令人满意的回答却并不那么简单。这里给了他们一线光明。< br>
TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE -- THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMA

撒谎还是不撒谎-- 医生的难题

Sissela Bok
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients -- to speed recovery or to conceal the approach
of death?
为了对病人有好处-- 为了加快病人康复或不让病人知道死亡的来临--医生到底该不该撒谎。
In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often
seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of
secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.
医疗行业与法律、政府及其他行业一
样，往往显得对诚实与否的问题不那 么看重，要紧的倒是另外的一些事情，譬如，应设法避免可怕的消息
造成的打击，或是应考虑恪守保密的 诺言，或是需要揭露腐败行为或促进公众利益等。

What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical
checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is
found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months?
举例说吧。一个46岁
的男子，在与家人外出度假之前进行常规体格 检查，虽然他自我感觉良好，但医生发现他患了某种癌症，6
个月内就会死去。
Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the
gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?
这时，
医生该怎么对他讲呢是不是最好对他讲实话要是他问起检查结果， 医生该不该否认他得了病该不该将病情
的严重性缩小到最低限度该不该将真情至少隐瞒到他全家度假之后 ？

Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for
the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
医生们常常面
临这样的非常紧迫的选择。他们不时认为，为了病人自身的利益，撒 谎很有必要，在他们看来，这种谎言
与利己的谎言截然不同。

Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the
truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they
may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
研究结果表明，大多
数医生深 信身患重病的人不想知道他们的真实病情，如果将真情相告，则有可能 使他们完全失去希望，结
果使他们恢复得更慢或恶化得更快，甚至会自寻短见。
As one physician wrote: ded by a precept
that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do
no harm.'
正如一位内科医生写道：“我们这个职业，传统上恪守一条信条，那就是 '尽可能不造成伤害'，
这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话的美德”。

Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they
assume will no harmand may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable
placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to
the incurably ill and the dying.
有了这样一个指导原则，一些医生可能渐渐习惯于采用他们认为对病人
很可能有益而“无害”的骗人做法。他们可能开出无数帖安慰剂，说一些没有事实根据的打气的话，并歪
曲严重的病情，对那些患有不治之症和濒临死亡的病人，则尤其如此。

But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be
documented.
然而，现在开始有人提出证据，说明这种欺骗旨在给病人带来好处的说法是虚幻的。
Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of
patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn

that they have been misled.
研 究结果表明，与许多医生的想法相反，绝大多数病人确实想知道真实情
况，甚至是严重的病情。当他们了 解到医生没有对他们讲真话的时候，他们感到自己被玩弄了。
We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with
illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.

我们还获悉，将真实情况妥当地告诉病人，能帮助他们与病魔作斗争，有助 于他们更好地忍受疼痛，减少
用药，甚至在手术后更快地康复。

Not only do lies not provide the hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they
invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning
their own health, including the choice of whether to be patient in the first place.
谎言不仅不能提
供鼓吹“仁慈”欺骗的人们所希望的那种 “帮助”，它还侵犯了病人的个人自由，使他们不能对有关自己健
康的问题作出明达的选择，包括要不要 就医这一首要的选择。
We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness
when information is denied or distorted.
我们越来越意识到，病人发病期间，在不知病情或未被如实
地告知病情 的情况下，他们会遭到什么样的不幸。

Dying patients especially -- who are easies to mislead and most often kept in the dark -- can then
not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or
have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how
they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.
特别是濒临死亡的病人--他们最易受骗也最会
被人蒙在鼓里-- 因此而不能作出临终前的种种有关抉择: 是否要住进医院，或进行手术，在何处与何人度过
所剩下的一 点时间，以及如何处理完自己的事务而后与世长辞。
Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their
credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well.
谎言也伤害说谎的人，损害他们的 诚实，并最终损害他们
的信誉。谎言还伤害他们的同事。由于病人 怀疑有欺骗行为，许多对病人十分开诚布公的医生的工作也因
此受到影响。
The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest
with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of
injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.
病人的不信任使医疗诉讼案增多，造成医生避免风险的
“防御性诊治 ”增多，而这些又进而有损于整个医疗事业。

Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers.
剧烈的冲突正在出现。病
人开始学会催问真实情况。
Patients' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives
for treatment.
根据病人应享有的权利的规定，医生应将病情和可供选择的治疗方案通告病人。
Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most
eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices.
许多医
生尽可能向病人提供这些情况。然而，即使在对病人的权益考虑 得最周到的医院里，信奉“仁慈”欺骗的
医生们继续他们传统的古老做法。
Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take
part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.
同事们也许不赞同，但
避免公开表示反对。护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝 ，但要抵制却感到无能
为力。

There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as
well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem
avoidable only through deception.
及时对这个问题进 行公开辩论非常必要。不仅在医疗业，而且在其
他行业，从业者不断发现，自己常处于似乎不采用欺骗手 段就无法避免严重后果的困难处境。

Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are
peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, nor
in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, you
don't know can't hurt you.
但是公众完全有理由对职业性欺骗保持警惕，因为这种做法特别容易 变得根
深蒂固，蔓延滋长，并损害信任。无论医疗界、法律界、政府机构还是社会科学界，都不应从“不 知者，
不为所害”这句老话中得到丝毫慰藉。

New Words
dilemma
n. a situation in which one has to make a choice between two equally unsatisfactory things; a
difficult choice 窘境，进退两难
benefit
vt. do good to 有益于
recovery
n. the process or fact of getting back to a former state of good health; the state of recovering or
being recoverd 痊愈；复得
conceal
vt. hide, keep from being seen or known 隐瞒
line
n. a business, profession, trade, etc. 行业
dwarf
vt. cause to appear small by comparison 使矮小，使相形见绌
n. a person, animal, or plant of much less than the usual size 矮小；矮小的动（植）物
shelter
vi. take shelter; find protection 躲避
vt. provide shelter for; protect 掩蔽；庇护
brutal
a. cruel, severe残忍的
uphold
vt. support 支撑；维护
secrecy
n. the practice of keeping secrets; the state of being secret
expose
vt. disclose; leave uncovered or unprotected 揭露；暴露
corruption
n. dishonesty; immoral behaviour 腐化，道德败坏
promote
vt. help to grow or develop; raise in rank, condition, or importance 促进，推进；提升
checkup
n. a general medical examination
minimize
vt. reduce to the smallest possible amount or degree
gravity
n. the quality of being serious critical 严重性

confront
vt. meet face to face; oppose （勇敢地）面对；对抗
urgently
ad. in an urgent manner 紧急地，急迫地
urgent
a. 紧急的，急迫的
self-serving
a. serving one's own interests; seeking advantage for oneself 利已的
recover
vi. get well; get back to a normal condition
deteriorate
v. (cause to ) become worse （使）恶化
suicide
n. the act of killing oneself
physician
n. a doctor of medicine 内科医生
traditionally
ad. by tradition; in a traditional manner
precept
n. a rule of moral conduct; maxim 戒律；格言
transcend
vt. rise above or go beyond the limits of; surpass 超越
virtue
n. goodness or moral excellence; a good quality 美德；优点
utter
vt. speak; give out发声 做出
deceptive
a. deceiving or misleading; meant to deceive
innumerable
a. too many to be counted
placebo
n. substance given instead of real medicine to a patient for psychological effect 安慰剂
warrant
vt. justify; authorize; guarantee 使有（正当）理由；授权（给）；担保
distort
vt. give a false account of; twist out of the usual shape 歪曲；弄歪
grave
a. serious; requiring careful consideration 严重的；严肃的
incurably
ad. beyond cure
illusory
a. deceptive and unreal; based on an illusion 虚幻的
deception
n. deceiving or being deceived; a trick intended ot deceive 欺骗；诡计

document
vt. prove or support with documents 用文件证明
contrary
a. completely different or wholly opposed 相反的；对抗的
overwhelming
a. too many, too great, or too much to be resisted 势不可挡的；压倒之势的
betray
vt. be unfaithful to; deceive 背叛
truthful
a. true
humanely
ad. tenderly, kind-heartedly 仁爱地；人道地
tolerate
vt. allow or endure with protest 容忍
advocate
n. person who speaks for an idea, way of life, etc. 拥护者，倡导者
benevolent
a. intending or showing good will, kindly, friendly 仁慈的
invade
vt. enter (a country) with armed forces in order to attack; violate, interfere with 侵犯
autonomy
n. (the right of) self-government; freedom to determine one's own actions, behavior, etc. 自治
（权）；自主
render
vt. cause to be致使 给与补偿
informed
a. having knowledge or information; having and using suitable knowledge 了解情况的;有见识的
concerning
prep. about, with regard to
increasingly
ad. more and more all time
befall( befell, befallen)
vt. (use. sth. bad ) happen to (sb.) 降临到„„头上
integrity
n. honesty or sincerity; wholeness 诚实，正直；完整
credibility
n. the quality of being believable; trustworthiness 可靠性；可信
colleague
n. an associate; fellow worker or member of a profession or organization 同事
suspicion
n. doubt; mistrust 怀疑
deceit
n. deception; a dishonest trick 欺骗
undercut

vt. undermine; weaken 暗中破坏；削弱
scrupulously
ad. carefully; conscientiously 一丝不苟地
spiral
n. a curved shape which winds round; a continuous and expanding increase or decrease 螺旋
（形）；盘旋上升（或下降）
lawsuit
n. a noncriminal case in a court of law 诉讼（案件）
injure
vt. cause physical harm to; damage
arise (arose)
vi. move or go upward; come into existence 上升；出现
bill
n. 法案；议案；账单
alternative
n. a choice between two or more things; any of the things to be chosen 抉择;可供选择的东西
treatment
n. a substance or method used in treating someone medically 治疗；疗法
eloquent
a. having the power of expressing one's feeling or thoughts with grace and force 雄辩的
disapprove
vt. consider not good or not suitable; have or express an opinion against 不赞成
refrain
vi. hold oneself back; keep oneself (from doing sth.) 忍住；戒除
object
vi. be against sth. or sb. 反对
objection
n. 反对
bitterly
ad. sharply severely
deceive
vt. cause (sb.) to believe sth. that is false 欺骗
debate
vt. argue about (sth.) in an effort to persuade other people 辨论
issue
n. a question that arises for discussion 问题；争端
practitioner
n. a professional man, esp. in medicine or in law 开业者（尤指医生、律师等）
consequence
n. result; importance 后果；重要性
avoidable
a. that can be prevented from happening
wary
a. cautious; in the habit of looking out for possible danger or trouble 谨慎的；谨防的

erode
vt. wear away; eat into 腐蚀
saying
n. a well- known wise statement; proverb 格言；谚语

Phrases & Expressions
go on (a trip, vacation)
depart for the purpose of
at times
occasionally; now and then 间或；有时
in one's eyes
in one's opinion
for one's (own) sake
for one's own benefit 为了某人自己的利益
slip into
fall into; enter (esp. through carelessness) 陷入
contrary to
opposite to; despite
in the first place
firstly
in the course of during
during
in the dark
uninformed; ignorant 不知情，蒙在鼓里
bring to a close
end 结束，终止
take leave (of)
say goodbye (to)
in the long run
in the end; ultimately 从长远的观点看；最终
go to great lengths
do anything possible, however dangerous, unpleasant, wicked, etc. 不遗余力
refrain from
not do, stop
day after day
each day
take a one's stand
declare one's position, loyalty, opinions, etc., and be prepared to fight (for these opinions, etc.)表
明立场、意见等



Unit 6

Text

But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn't preserve its
physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in the true
sense of the word and make it a part of yourself.
“不要在书上做记号！”无数教师、图书管理员和家长都曾这样建议。但是莫蒂默• 艾德勒并不同意。 他认
为只要你拥有这本书而且不需要保护它的外观，做记号将会让你真正意义上拥有这本书并且使它成为 你的
一部分。怎样在书上做记号

HOW TO MARK A BOOK

Mortimer J. Adler
You know you have to read the linesto get the most out of anything. I want to
persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to
persuade you to between the you do, you are not likely to do the most
efficient kind of reading.
你知道读书要“深入字里行间”，以求最充分的理解。我劝你在读书过程中做一件同样重要的事情。我想劝你“在字里行间写字”。不这样做，你的读书就不可能是最有效的。

You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books
expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness
of marking books, you will have to buy them.
你不应该在不是你自己的书上做记号。借给你书的图书管
理员 (或你的朋友) 希望你保持书的整洁，再说你也应该这样做。如果你认为我说的在书上做记号颇有益处
这番话是对的话，你就得自己买书。
There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by
paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture.
一个人拥有书的方法有两种，第一种是花钱取
得财产所有权，就像你花钱买衣服和家具一样。
But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you
have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.

但花钱买书只是占有它的前奏。只有在你将它化为你自己的一部分之后，你才完全占有 了它。而把你自己
变为书的一部分的最好方法就是在书中写字。

An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's
icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you
consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in
your bloodstream to do you any good.
打个比方也 许可以把这一点说清楚。你买下一块牛排，把它从肉
铺的冰箱里转移到你的冰箱中。但从最重要的意义上 来说，你还没有占有它，除非你吃下它并将它吸收进
你的血液之中。我的论点是，书的营养也只有在被吸 收进你的血液中时，才能对你有所裨益。


There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -- unread,
untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.)
书籍拥有者可以分为三种。第一种
人藏有全部标准的成套书和畅销书-- 既没有读过，也没有碰过。(这位占有的只是纸浆和油墨，而不是书。)
The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but
all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to
make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.)
第二种人
藏书很多--有几本从头至尾读过，大部分浅尝辄止，但全都跟新买时一样整洁光亮。 （此君很可能想使书真
的为其所有，但因错误地过分关注书籍的外观而裹足不前。）

The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and
loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)

第三种人藏书或多或少--因不断使用，每本书都弄成书角卷起， 破旧不堪，装订破损，书页松散，全书从扉
页至末页画满了记号，涂满了字句。（此人是书的真正拥有者 。）

Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound
edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of
my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue.
你
或许会问，将一本印刷精美、装帧雅致的书保存完好，难道也是不恰当的吗当然不是。我决不会在一本初
版的《失乐园》上乱涂乱写，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一盒蜡笔交给我的婴孩任意涂抹一样! 我
决不会在一幅油画或一尊塑像上画记号。

Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly
manufactured volume is like that of painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding
or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.
可以
说，它们的灵魂与其躯体是不可分开的。一部珍本或一本装帧华 美的书的美，同一幅油画或一尊塑像的美
是一样的。如果你对华美的装帧或印刷的尊重妨碍你读书，那就 买一种便宜的版本，将你的敬意献给作者。

Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean
merely conscious; I mean wide awake.)
为什么在书上做记号对阅读是必不可少的呢？首先，它会使你
保持清醒。（我不是仅仅指它让你神 志清醒；我的意思是它能使你全神贯注。）

In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in
words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book.
其次，如果阅读
是一种能动的行为，那么它就 是思考，而思考常常需借助口头的或书面的语言来表达。作了记号的书，通
常是读者认真思考过的书。
Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.
Let me develop these three points.
最后，写可以帮助你记住你阅读时的思想，或作者所表达的思想。
让我进一步就这三点谈一谈。


If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. you can't let your
eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read.
如果阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那就应该是一种积极的思维活动。 仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，
你就不可能对所读的内容有所理解。
Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say,
active kind of reading.
当然，一部普通的消遣小说，譬如说《飘》，并不需要那种最积极的思维式的阅读。
The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a
great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental
questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.
作为消遣的书，可以轻松地
读而不会有所失 。但一本思想丰富、文字华美，试图提出带根本性的重大问题并加以回答的伟大著作，则
要求你尽可能地 进行最积极的阅读。
You don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You
have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you're asleep.
你不能像欣赏瓦利先生的低声吟唱
那样，学到约翰• 杜威的思想。你得花费气力方可获得。漫不经心是做不到这一点的。

If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you

read actively.
如果当你读完一本书的时候，书页上写满了你的批注，你就知道你的阅读是积极的了。
The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of
Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know.
我所知道的最< br>有名的采用积极方式阅读伟大著作的人，是芝加哥大学的校长哈钦斯。他也是我所知道的公务最繁忙的人。
He invariably read with pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the
evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls caviar
factoriesdown. He knows he's too tired
to read, and he's just wasting time.
他读书时总是拿着铅笔。有时 ，当他在晚上拿起书和铅笔的时候，发
觉自己不是在做有意义的笔记，而是在页边空白处画些他称之为“ 鱼子酱工厂”的东西，一出现这种情况，
他就放下书本。他知道自己太累，读不下去了，完全是在浪费时 间。
But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand,
brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your
memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the
questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those
questions.
但是，你或许会问，写有何必要呢要知道，亲手书写的动作会使词语和 句子更加鲜明地呈现在
你的脑海里，更好地储存在你的记忆中。将你对所读的重要词语和句子的感受写下 来，将它们在你脑子里
引起的问题记下来，就可以将这些感受长久保存下来，并可以使那些问题更加明确 起来。
You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement,
disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It's like resuming an interrupted conversation with the
advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.
当你下周或来年重新拿起这本书的时候，你的各
种观 点，同意的、反对的、怀疑的、质询的，统统一目了然。这如同谈话一度被打断，现在又可以在上次
停下 的地方接着谈下去了。
And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author.
Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you'll have the proper
humility as you approach him.
读书就该这么个读法: 你同作者应进行对话。很可能作者在有关的问题上
比你懂得多，你接近 他的时候表示适度的谦恭是很自然的。
But don't let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end.
Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn't consist in being an empty receptacle. The
learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher,
once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of
your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author.
但不要 轻信他人，以为读者只有全盘接
受的份儿。理解是一种双向活动。学习并不是往空的容器中装东西。学生 应当向自己也向教师提问题。一
旦理解了教师所讲的内容，他甚至还得与教师展开争论。而在书上做记号 ，实际上就是表达你赞同或不赞
同作者观点的一种方式。

There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here's the way I
do it:
在书上做记号，有各种各样好的、行之有效的方法。现将我的做法叙述如下:

1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements.
在文字下面划线: 划出主要论
点及重要的或者有力的论述。

2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined.
在页边空白处划竖线:
强调已划线的论述部分。

3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emphasize the ten or
twenty most important statements in the book.
在页边空白处画五星或六星记号，或其他小符号: 这
种记号宜珍惜着用。可用来强调书中十处或二 十处最重要的论述。

4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes in developing a

single argument.
在页边空白处写数字: 标明作者展开一个论据的各点顺序。

5. Number of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made
points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be
separated by many pages, belong together.
在页边空处写其他页的页码: 标明作者在本书其他地方所
写的与本论点有关的论点，也可以 通过这一办法将书中虽分散各处，但密切有关的观点联系起来。

6. Circling of key words or phrases.
在关键字眼或短语上画圆圈。

7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions
(and perhaps answers) which a passage raise in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to
a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book.
在页边空白处
或上下两端加批注: 其目的是记下某段文章在你脑子里引起的问题 (也许还有答案)；简要记下复杂的论述；
记录贯串全书的一系列的重要论点。

I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author's points in
the order of their appearance.
我利用书末的衬页将作者的观点按出现的先后 次序编成一个索引。

The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy
bookplate, I reserve them for fancy thinking.
书前的衬页对我来说是最重要 的。有些人将它们留作贴花
哨的藏书票用。我将它们留作奇思异想的天地。
After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I
turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I've already
done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts.
This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the work.
在我读完一本书并在卷尾衬页
上做好我的个人索引之后，我便翻到卷 首，试着将全书作一概述，不是逐页地或逐点地进行（那个我在卷
尾已经做了），而是作为一个整体，基 本上前后连贯，各部分排列有序。对我来说，这个概述表明了我对该
著作理解的程度。


New Words
persuade
vt. cause (sb.) to do sth. by reasoning, arguing, etc. 说服，劝服
librarian
n. 图书馆管理员
property
n. (collectively) things owned; possessions 财产
prelude
n. action, event, etc. that serves as an introduction 序幕；前奏曲
possession
n. possessing; ownership; (pl.) property 拥有；所有权；财产
ownership
n. the possessing (of sth.); right of possessing 所有（权）
illustration
n. an example which explains the meaning of sth.; an explanatory picture, diagram, etc. 例；图
例；插图
beefsteak
n. 牛排
transfer
vt. hand over the possession of (property, etc.); change officially from one position, etc. to

another 转移；调动
butcher
n. a person who kills, cuts up and sells animals for food 屠夫
icebox
n. a box where food is kept cool with blocks of ice; (AmE) refrigerator
bloodstream
n. the blood as it flows through the blood vessels of the body 血流
absorb
vt. take or such in (liquids); take in (knowledge, ideas, etc.)吸收
best-seller
n. book that is sold in very large numbers 畅销书
individual
n. any one human being ( contrasted with society ) 个人
woodpulp
n. 木（纸）浆
dip
v. plunge or be plunged quickly or briefly into a liquid, esp. to wet or coat 浸；蘸
shiny
a. giving off light as if polished; bright 发亮的
restrain
vt. prevent; control; hold back 抑制；控制，约束
dogeared
a. (of a book) having the corners of the pages bent down with use, like a dog's ears(书页)卷角的
dilapidated
a. (of things) broken and old; falling to pieces 破旧的；倾坍的
loosen
v. make or become loose or looser （使）松开
continual
a. repeated; frequent 不断的；频繁的
scribble
v. write hastily or carelessly; write meaningless marks on paper, etc. 潦草书写；乱涂
preserve
vi. keep safe from harm of danger 保护；保存
intact
a. untouched; undamaged 完整无损的
elegantly
ad. beautifully; gracefully 优美地；雅致地
elegant
a. 优美的；雅致的
bind (bound)
vt. tie or fasten with a rope, etc.; fasten together sheets of (a book) and enclose within a cover
捆，绑；装订（书）
edition
n. form in which a book is published; total number of copies (of a book, newspaper, etc.) issued

from the same types （书等的）版本；版
paradise
n. the Garden of Eden; Heaven 伊甸园；天堂
crayon
n. 蜡笔； 颜色笔
original
a. of or relating to an origin or beginning; being the first instance or source from which a cop
can be made 最初的；原著的；原创作者的
painting
n. a painted picture; picture
statue
n. an image of a person or animal in wood, stone, bronze, etc. 雕像
inseparable
a. impossible to separate from one another
manufacture
vt. make, produce on a large scale by machinery 制造；（大量）生产
magnificent
a. splendid; remarkable 华丽的；宏伟的
indispensable
a. absolutely essential or necessary 必不可少的
conscious
a. aware; able to feel and think 有意识的；神志清醒
understanding
n. knowledge of the nature of sth., based esp. on learning or experience 理解
fiction
n. (branch of literature concerned with) stories, novels and romances 小说
croon
vi. sing gently in a low soft voice, usu. with much feeling 低声吟唱
reader
n. person who reads
invariably
ad. unchangeable; constantly 不变地；始终如一地
intelligent
a. having or showing a high degree of powers of reasoning or understanding 聪明的
caviar(e)
n. 鱼子酱
sharpen
v. become or make sharp(er)
disagreement
n. the fact or a case of disagreeing; lack of similarity 分歧；不一致
disagree
vi. 不同意
inquiry
n. question; asking 询问

resume
vt. go on after stopping for a time （中断后）重新开始
naturally
ad. of course; as one could have expected
humility
n. humble condition or state of mind 谦卑
solely
ad. not including anything else or any others; only
sole
a.单独的 唯一的
receptacle
n. a container for keeping things in 容器
literally
ad. actually; virtually 确实地；简直
fruitfully
ad. productively; with good results 富有成果地
fruitful
a. 富有成果的
underline
vt. draw a line under (a word, etc.) esp. to show importance 在„„下划线（表示强调）
forceful
a. strong; powerful
vertical
a. 垂直的
emphasize
vt. call attention to; stress 强调
asterisk
n. a starlike mark used to call attention to sth. 星号（即*）
doo- dad
n. (informal) a fancy, trifling ornament 小装饰物
sparingly
ad. economically; frugally 节约地
sequence
n. succession; connected line of events, ideas, etc. 顺序；连续；一连串
relevant
a. connected with what is being discussed; appropriate 有关的；适宜的
phrase
n. 短语
end-paper
n. (often pl.) a piece of blank paper stuck inside the cover at the beginning or end of a book 衬页
index
n. 索引
fancy
a. not ordinary; brightly coloured 别致的；花哨的

bookplate
n. a piece of paper with the owner's name, usu. pasted to the inside front cover of a book藏书票
integrate
vt. put or bring together (parts) into a whole 使成一整体
structure
n. way in which sth. is put together, organized, etc.; framework or essential parts of a building
结构
basic
a. essential; fundamental 主要的；基本的
unity
m. an arrangement of parts to form a complete whole; the state of being united 总体布局；统一

Phrases & Expressions
read between the lines
(fig.) find more meaning than the words appear to express 体会字里行间的言外之意
do(sb.) good
help or benefit (sb.) 帮助（某人）；对（某人）有益
dip into
read or study for a short time or without much attention 浏览；稍加探究
no more……than……
in no greater degree……than……
a set of
a number of (thing that belong together) 一套
so to speak say
(used as an apology for an unusual use of a word or phrase) as one might say; if I may use this
expression, etc. 可以说；容许我打个譬喻
get in the way
become a nuisance or hindrance 挡道；碍事
in the second place
as the second thing in order or importance 第二，其次
think through
think about until one reaches an understanding or conclusion 彻底全面考虑
reach for
stretch out one's hand to grasp; make an effort to grasp 伸手去抓；努力争取
set down
write down on paper
pick up
start again after interruption 中断后重新开始
leave off
stop
consist in
lie in; be equivalent to 在于；存在于
tie up
connect closely; fasten with rope, etc. 系紧；捆牢

reduce……to
state in a more concise form; summarize as 把„„归纳为

Proper Names
Rembrandt 伦勃朗（姓氏）
Dewey 杜威（姓氏）
Vallee 瓦利（姓氏）
Hutchins 哈钦斯
Chicago 芝加哥（美国城市）


Unit 7

Text
A young man finds it very difficult to say no to a woman as a result he gets into trouble. The
restaurant to which he has agreed to take his luncheon date is far too expensive for his small
pocketbook. How, then, will he be able to avoid the embarrassing situation?
一个年轻人发觉很难拒
绝一位女士，他因此 陷入了困境。他同意进行午餐聚会的那家餐厅对他可怜的荷包来说实在太昂贵了。那
么怎样他才能避免这 种尴尬的处境呢
THE LUNCHEON
午餐

et Maugham

I caught sight of her at the play, and in answer to her beckoning I went over during the interval
and sat down beside her.
我是在看戏的时候见到她的。幕间休息时，我应她的招呼走了过去，在她旁边
坐下。
It was long since I had last seen her, and if someone had not mentioned her name I hardly think I
would have recognised her. She addressed me brightly.
我上次见到她已是很久以前的事了，要不是有
人提起她的名字，我想我几 乎会认不出她来。她兴致勃勃地跟我谈了起来。


Do you remember the first time I saw you? You asked me to luncheon.
“瞧，自从我们初次相见已
经好多年了。真是光阴似箭啊!我俩都不年轻啦。你还记得我初次见到你吗 你请我吃的午餐。”
Did I remember?
我能不记得吗？

It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin Quarter
overlooking a cemetery, and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together.
那是20年前的事了，当时我住在巴黎。我在拉丁区租了一套小小的公寓，从那里 往下看去是一个公墓。我
挣的钱只够勉强维持生活。
She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and
presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would
like to have a chat with me; but her time was limited, and the only free moment she had was on
the following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg and would I give her a
little luncheon at Foyot's afterwards?
她读过 我的一本书，并曾跟我写信谈论该书。我回信向她致谢。
随即我又收到她的一封信，说她路过巴黎，想跟 我谈谈。但她的时间有限，只有下个星期四有空。那天上
午，她要去卢森堡宫，问我是不是愿意中午请她 在福伊约餐厅吃顿便饭。

Foyot's is a restaurant at which the French senators eat, and it was so far beyond my means that I
had never even thought of going there. But I was flattered, and I was too young to have learned
to say no to a woman. (Few men, I may add, learn this until they are too old to make it of any
consequence to a woman what they say.)
福伊约餐厅是法国参议员光顾的地方，去那 儿吃饭远远超过
我的经济能力，所以以前连想都没有想过。但我当时受宠若惊，况且年纪太轻，还没有学 会对一位女士说
个“不”字。(附带说一句，没有几个男人学会这一招，而到他们学会时，往往年事已高 ，他们说什么对女
人来讲已无足轻重了。)
I had eight francs (gold francs) to last me the rest of the month, and a modest luncheon should
not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee for the next two weeks I could manage well enough.
我当月的生活费还有 80法郎 (金法郎)，一顿便餐花不了15法郎。如果我下两个星期不喝咖啡，还是满可
以对付过去的。
I answered that I would meet my friend -- by correspondence -- at Foyot's on Thursday at half
past twelve. She was not so young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than
attractive, she was, in fact, a woman of forty (a charming age, but not one that excites a sudden
and devastating passion at first sight), and she gave me the impression of having more teeth,
white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.
我回信说，我将于下星期
四十二点 半在福伊约餐厅会见我的朋友。她并不如我想象的那么年轻。她的外表与其说美貌动人，毋宁说
丰腴魁伟 ，气概非凡。事实上，她已有40岁了 (这是一个有魅力的年龄，但不是初次相见就能令你激情迸
发、 神魂颠倒的那种年纪)，长着一口洁白整齐的大牙齿，给我的印象是，其数目之多已超过了实际需要。
She was talkative, but since she seemed inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an
attentive listener.
她很健谈，不过因为她想谈的话题似乎总是关于我的事，所以我便洗耳恭听。

I was startled when the bill of fare was brought, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had
anticipated. But she reassured me.
菜单拿来时，我大吃一惊。价格比我预料的要高出许多。但她的话
使我宽了心。


“我午餐从不吃什么东西，”她说。


“哦，可别这么说!”我慷慨地回答。


I wonder if they have any salmon.
“我从来只吃一道菜。我认为现在人们吃得太多。或许来点鱼还行 。
我不知道他们有鲑鱼没有。”

Well, it was early in the year for salmon and it was not on the bill of fare, but I asked the waiter if
there was any. Yes, a beautiful salmon had just come in, it was the first they had had. I ordered it
for my guest. The waiter asked her if she would have something while it was being cooked.
啊，吃
鲑鱼 的季节还没有到，菜单上也没有，但是我还是问了侍者。有，刚刚进了一条头等鲑鱼，这是他们今年
第一 次进这种货。我为客人叫了一份。侍者问她在鲑鱼烹制的当儿，要不要吃点别的。

have a little caviare. I never
mind caviare.
“不要，”她回答说，“我向来只吃一道菜，除非你有鱼子酱。鱼子酱我是从不拒绝的。”

My heart sank a little. I knew I could not afford caviare, but I could not very well tell her that. I
told the waiter by all means to bring caviare. For myself I chose the cheapest dish on the menu
and that was a mutton chop.
我的心微微 一沉。我知道我是吃不起鱼子酱的，但我不便跟她直说，我吩
咐侍者务必拿鱼子酱来。我自己则点了菜单 上最便宜的一个菜，这就是羊排。



eating heavy things like chops. I don't believe in overloading my stomach.
“我看你吃肉是不明智

的，”她说。“我不知道你吃 了羊排这种油腻的东西后还怎么工作。我不赞成把肚子撑得太饱。”

Then came the question of drink.
接着而来的是饮料问题。


“我午餐从不喝饮料，”她说。


“我也是如此，”我马上答道。


so light. They're wonderful for the digestion.
“但白葡萄酒例外，”她接着说，就好 像我刚才没说似的。
“法国的白葡萄酒非常清淡，十分有助消化。”


“你想喝点什么”我依然客
气地问道，但算不上热情。

She gave me a bright and amicable flash of her white teeth.
她嫣然一笑，露出一口白牙。


“我的医生只让我喝香槟。”

I fancy I turned a trifle pale. I ordered half a bottle. I mentioned casually that my doctor had
absolutely forbidden me to drink champagne.
我猜想我的脸色一定有点发白了。我要了半瓶，顺便提
及我的医生绝对禁止我喝香槟酒。


“那你喝什么呢”


“水。”

She ate the caviare and she ate the salmon. She talked gaily of art and literature and music. But I
wondered what the bill would come to. When my mutton chop arrived she took me quite
seriously to task.
她吃了鱼子酱，又吃鲑鱼。她兴高采烈，大谈艺术、文学、音乐。但我心里却在嘀咕，
不知这顿饭要 花多少钱。当我的羊排上来时，她一本正经地教训起我来。


follow my example and just eat one thing? I'm sure you'd feel ever so much better for it.
“我看你
习惯中午吃得很多。我肯定这样不好，你为什么不效法我的样子，只吃一道菜呢我相信那样 你会感觉好得
多。”


“我是打算
只吃这一道菜，”我说。这时侍者又拿着菜单走了过来。

She waved him aside with an airy gesture.
她轻轻地一挥手，让他走开。


more as an excuse for conversation than anything else.
“我可不这样，我午 餐从不吃东西。要吃，也
只是稍许吃一点，从不多吃。而我吃这么一点，主要也是为了借此机会闲谈而已 。
I couldn't possibly eat anything more unless they had some of those giant asparagus. I should be
sorry to leave Paris without having some of them.
我可不能再吃什么东西了，除非他们有那种大芦笋。
到了巴黎，不吃点芦笋，那就太遗憾了。”

My heart sank. I had seen them in the shops, and I knew that they were horribly expensive. My
mouth had often watered at the sight of them.
我的心一沉。我曾在店里见过芦笋，我知道它贵得可怕。
过去我每见芦笋，常常馋涎欲滴。


“夫人想知
道你们有没有那种大芦笋，”我问侍者。

I tried with all my might too will him to say no. A happy smile spread over his broad, pries-like
face, and he assured me that they had some so large, so splendid, so tender, that it was a marvel.

我竭尽全力想使他说没有。他那张宽阔的教士般虔诚的脸上展露出愉快的笑容 ，他用肯定的语气对我说，
他们有又大、又好、又嫩的芦笋，简直是罕见的珍品。

not in the least hungry,my guest sighed, if you insist I don't mind having some
asparagus.
“我一点也不饿，”我的客人叹道，“不过如果你执意要请我吃，我也不反对吃点芦笋。”

I ordered them.
我便点了这道菜。


“你不吃点吗”


“不，我从不吃芦笋。”


eat.
“我知道有人不喜欢芦笋。事实是，你吃肉太多，伤了胃口。”

We waited for the asparagus to be cooked. Panic seized me. It was not a question now how much
money I should have left over for the rest of the month, but whether I had enough to pay the bill.

我们等着芦笋烹制好送上来。我突然惊恐起来。现在的问题已不是我还能 剩下几个钱来维持这个月的生计
了，而是我的钱够不够付账。

It would be embarrassing to find myself ten francs short and be obliged to borrow from my guest.
I could not bring myself to do that. I knew exactly how much I had, and if the bill came to more I
made up my mind that I would put my hand in my pocket and with a dramatic cry start up and
say it had been picked.
要是我差十法郎，不得不向客人借的话， 那就太难堪了。我可做不出那样的事来。
身边到底有多少钱，我心里有底，倘若账单超过了这个数字，我 就决心这么办：伸手往口袋里一摸，随即
故意惊叫一声，跳起来说钱给小偷扒了。

Of course, it would be awkward if she had not money enough either to pay the bill. Then the only
thing would be to leave my watch and say I would come back and pay later.
当然，如果她的钱也不够
付 账的话，那就尴尬了。那样，唯一的办法就是将我的手表留下，言明以后再来付。
The asparagus appeared. They were enormous, juicy, and appetising. I watched the wicked
woman thrust them down her throat in large mouthfuls, and in my polite way I spoke about the
condition of the drama in the Balkans. At last the finished.
芦笋 端上来了。又大汁又多，令人垂涎不
止。我一面看着这个邪恶的女人大口大口地将芦笋往肚里塞，一面彬 彬有礼地谈论着巴尔干半岛戏剧界的
现状。她终于吃完了。


“喝点咖啡”我说。


“好，就来一客冰淇淋和咖啡吧，”她回答说。

I was past caring now, so I ordered coffee for myself and an ice-cream and coffee for her.
到这时，
我什么也不在乎了，为自己叫了咖啡，为她叫了一客冰淇淋和咖啡。

in,said, as she ate the ice-cream.
should always get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more.
“你知道，我坚信一点，”她
边吃冰淇淋边说道。“当一个人吃完 一顿饭站起来时，他应该感到还没有吃得十分饱。”


“你还饿吗？”我有气无力地问道。


then dinner, but I never eat more than one thing for luncheon. I was speaking for you.
“噢，不，
我不饿。你知道，我不吃午餐。我早晨一杯 咖啡，然后到晚上用餐，但我午餐向来最多只吃一道菜。适才
我这样说是为了你啊。”


“哦，我明白啦!”
Then a terrible thing happened. While we were waiting for the coffee the head waiter, with an
ingratiating smile on his false face, came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge peaches.
They had the blush of an innocent girl; they had the rich tone of an Italian landscape.
接着，发生
了一件可怕的事情。当我们在等咖啡的时 候，那个领班侍者，带着满脸奉承的笑容，拎来满满一大篮子特
大的桃子，红得酷似天真少女的脸蛋，其 色调之瑰丽犹如一幅意大利风景画。
But surely peaches were not in season then? Lord knew what they cost. I knew too -- a little later,
for my guest, going on with her conversation, absentmindedly took one.
当时桃子肯定还没有到上
市季节，只有上帝晓得买它们得花多少价钱。不过很快我也 晓得了，因为我的客人一边说着话，一边心不

在焉地拿了一只。

filled your stomach with a lot of meatone miserable little chop --
you can't eat any more. But I've just had a snack and I shall enjoy a peach.
“你看，你已经塞了一
肚子肉，”--她是指我那可怜的一小块羊排 --“不能再吃什么了。而我只不过来了点小吃，我还可以再品尝
一只桃子。”

The bill came, and when I paid it I found that I had only enough for a quite inadequate tip.
账单来
了。付过账后，我发现剩下的钱连付点像样的小费都不够了。
Her eyes rested for an instant on the three francs I left for the waiter, and I knew that she thought
me mean. But when I walked out of the restaurant I had the whole month before me and not a
penny in my pocket.
她的目光在我留给侍者的三个法郎上停了一会 儿，我知道她会觉得我是个吝啬鬼。
可是等走出餐厅，我面临着的将是整整一个月的开销要支付，而口袋 里却分文俱无。

my example,she said as we shook hands, never eat more than one thing for
luncheon.
“你学学我，”她边握手边说道，“午餐顶多只吃一道菜。”


“我会做得更好，”我回敬道，
“我今晚什么也不吃了。”


“幽默家!”她得意洋洋地
大声说着，跳上了一辆马车。“你是个十足的幽默家!”

But I have had my revenge at last. I do not believe that I am a vindictive man, but when the
immortal gods take a hand in matter it is pardonable to observe the result with complacency.
Today she weighs twenty-one stone.
但是我终于报了 仇。我自认不是一个爱报复的人，但是竟连不朽
的众神也被触怒而干预其事时，我怀着心满意足的心情目 睹这个结局，想必也是可以原谅的了。现今她的
体重已达二十一英石(二百九十四磅)。


New Words
luncheon
n.& vi. (formal word for) lunch
beckon
vt. signal to (sb.) by a motion of the hand or head 向„„招手或点头示意
apartment
n. a single room; (AmE) flat or a set of rooms 房间；（美）一套公寓住房
Latin
a. 拉丁的 n. 拉丁文
quarter
n. division of a town, esp. one of a special class of people （都市的）区，街
overlook
vt. have a view of from above; fail to see or notice 俯视；忽略
presently
ad. soon; (AmE) at the present time 不久；（美）目前
chat
n., vi. (have) a friendly informal conversation 闲谈，聊天
senator
n. a member of a senate 参议员，上议员
means
n. money, income, or wealth, esp. large enough to afford all one needs 财富，资产

franc
n. the unit of money in France, Belgium. Switzerland, and some other countries 法郎
modest
a. not large in quantity, size, value, etc. 不太大的；适度的
imposing
a. impressive because of size, appearance, or dignity 仪表堂堂的；宏伟的
attractive
a. having the power to attract; pleasing 吸引人的；有魅力的
charming
a. very pleasing; fascinating 有魅力的
devastating
a. destructive; causing ruin; sweeping everything before it 毁灭性的；压倒一切的
passion
n. strong feeling or enthusiasm, esp. of love or anger 激情
impression
n. 印象
talkative
a. having the habit of talking a great deal; fond of talking 好说话的；健谈的
inclined
a. likely; tending(to); encouraged 有„„倾向的
attentive
a. listening carefully; doing acts to satisfy the needs of another 专注的；体贴的，殷勤的
startle
vt. give a shock of surprise to; cause to move of jump 使吃惊，使惊跳
fare
n. food, esp. as provided at a meal 食物
bill of fare
a list of dishes; menu 菜单
reassure
vt. set a person's mind at rest 使安心
generously
ad. with readiness to give money, help, kindness, etc. 慷慨地，大方地
generous
a. 慷慨的，大方的
nowadays
ad. at the present time, now
salmon
n. 鲑鱼
menu
n. a list of courses at a meal or of dishes that can be served in a restaurant 菜单
mutton
n. meat from a fully grown sheep 羊肉
chop
n. a small piece of meat with bone in it （连骨的）块肉

overload
vt. put too large a load on or in; overburden 使过载消化
digestion
n. 消化
hospitable
a. generous in the treatment of a guest 好客的
effusive
a. (of feelings, signs of pleasure, gratitude, etc.) pouring out too freely; too demonstrative or
emotional 热情洋溢的；感情（过多)流露的
amicable
a. friendly; peaceful
flash
n. a sudden, quick bright light; a sudden display 闪烁；闪现
champagne
n. 香槟洒
fancy
vt. suppose, imagine
trifle
n. a thing, event, etc. of little value or importance 琐事
forbid (forbade or forbad, forbidden)
vt. command(sb.) not to do sth.; refuse to allow (sb.) to have, use, enter etc.禁止
gaily
ad. in a happy and joyous manner
literature
n. 文学（作品）
airy
a. light-hearted; affected 轻盈的；做作的
bite
n. piece cut off by biting
asparagus
n. (sing. or pl.) 芦笋
water
vi. (of the eyes or mouth) fill with watery liquid, esp. tears or saliva
Madame
n. use as a title of respect for a woman (esp. a foreign married woman)夫人
might
n. power, strength, force
will
vt. influence or compel, by exercising the power of the mind 以意志力使
assure
vt. tell firmly and with confidence esp. with the aim of removing doubt 保证；使确信
tender
a. delicate; not hard or difficult to bit through 柔弱的；柔嫩的
marvel

Text Book 4
Unit 1
Text
Two college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted
by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn
that if something seems too good to be true, it probably is.
一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦
的劳动，被一份许 诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。男孩们很快 就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多
半确实不是真的。

BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAY
轻轻松松赚大钱
John G. Hubbell

the indignity of having to ask for money all the time.
bag someone had hung on our doorknob.
“你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊 严的话，这兴许是一种办法。”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装
在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work (Bucks the Easy Way!of
delivering more such bags.
塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招 聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚
钱。(“轻轻松松赚大钱!”)


“我不在乎失不失尊严，”大儿子回答说。


“我可以忍受，”他的弟弟附和道。

，
embarrasses you.
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子，真使我痛心，”我说。

The boys said they would look into the magazine- delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business
trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was
my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone.
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。我听
了很高兴，便离城出差去了。午夜 时分，我已远离家门，在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。电话铃
响了，是妻子打来的。她想知道我 这一天过得可好。


“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。“你过得怎么样”
我问道。


front.
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。”


“又一辆卡车”?

one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second
brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be
four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's
happening.
“今晚第三辆了。第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告；第二辆运来四千份西
尔斯-罗伯 克百货公司的广告。我不知道这一辆装的啥，但我肯定又是四千份什么的。既然这事是你促成
的，我想你 或许想了解事情的进展。”

What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to
hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The
company had promised our boys $$600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday
morning.
我之所以受到指责，事情原来是这样：由于发生了一起报业 工人罢工，通常夹在星期日报纸里

的广告插页，必须派人直接投送出去。公司答应给我们 的孩子六百美金，任务是将这些广告插页在星期天
早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。


“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。


“六百块!”
他的弟弟应声道，“我们两个钟点就能干完!”


thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are
carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?
“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常
都是报纸那么大的四页，”妻子告诉我说，“现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页 广告。就在我们说话的当儿，
两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。这么多广告，我们可怎么办”。< br>
boys to get busy,do what they have to
do.
“你让孩子们快干，”我指示说。“他们都是大学生了。他们自己的事得由他们自己去做。”

At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my
wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of
ad inserts.
第二天中午，我回到旅馆，看到一份紧急留言，要我马上给妻 子回电话。她的声音高得很不自
然，而 且有些颤抖。家里又运到了好几卡车的广告插页。

department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on.
Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of
advertising here!
“有百货公司的，廉价商店的，杂货店的，食品店的，汽 车行的，等等。有些像整本
杂志那么厚。我们这里有数十万页，说不定是几百万页的广告!

They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's
only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together,
slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag.
我们家整个房子 从东墙到西墙，
从南墙到北墙统统堆满了广告，一堆又一堆，比你大儿子还要高。现在只剩下一点点空间，刚够一个人走
进去，从十一种插页中各取一份，卷在一起，套上橡皮筋，再塞进一只塑料袋内。
We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!Her voice kept
rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. this must be delivered by
seven o'clock Sunday morning.
我们的塑料袋足够供应全美所有的外卖餐厅!”她越 讲声音越响，几乎震
耳欲聋。“这么多的广告必须在星期日早晨七 点以前统统送出去。”
banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you
later. Got a lunch date.”
“嗯，你最好让孩子们尽快地捆扎装袋，等会儿我再跟你谈。我有个午餐约会。”

When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife.
我餐后回来，妻子又打来一只紧急电
话。


now than to say so.
“你午餐吃得不错吧”她用悦耳的声音问道。我吃的牛排好极了，但 这次我学乖了，
还是不说为妙。


“糟透了，”我报告说。“一种什么酸溜溜的
鱼，我想大概是鳗鲡吧。”

Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of
neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the
language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'
“不错嘛。你的大学生儿子已经雇了他们的弟弟妹妹和两< br>三个邻居的小孩帮忙，工钱一人五块，建起了 流水作业线。用外交术语来说，事情有进展。”


“这确实令人鼓舞。”

been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation!
It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!
“不，并非如此，”她纠正说。“相反，非
常叫人泄气。他们干了好 几个小时了。装好的塑料袋，一直堆到天花板，但一切努力收效很小。这些广告
宣传品简直就像是不停地 自行生产出来一样!”


of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.
“还有一件事，”她接着说，“你那上大学的儿子< br>必须明白，威胁雇员，说要揍他们，是不可能使他们卖力的。”

Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled,
Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags.
我跟大儿子一通上话，便咆哮道，“你如果再威胁那些孩子，我就对你不客气了!白痴!你应该给奖金，对装
袋最多的工人每小时奖励一块。”


“可那要减少我们的利润啦，”他提醒道。


don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or
sleeping until it is removed.
“那些孩子不帮你按时将所有的广告投送出去，你就什么利润也得不到 。
如果他们不干，你们俩就得亲手搬走所有的广告。而在把它们搬掉之前，你们吃不成，也睡不成。”< br>
There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, you have just worked a profound
change in my personality.
电话里出现了短暂的沉默，他在思考 。接着，他说，“爸爸，你刚才使我深受
启迪，令我恍然大悟。”


“那就干吧!”


“是，阁下!”

By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked
until someone demanded to see the color of cash.
到第二 天傍晚，我妻子就有许多事报告了。奖金计
划行之有效，可后来有人对能否兑现表示怀疑，提出把钱拿出 来给大家看看。
Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $$5
and a few competitive bonuses while the bosses collected hundreds of dollars each. The
organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $$5 per hour! They would not work
another minute until the bosses agreed.
接着 工人队伍里的一位活动家声称，老板每人拿几百块钱，工
人们决没有理由满足于每人五块外加一点点竞争 性的奖金。劳工组织人宣布，所有工人的工资都应该达到
每小时五块钱! 在老板答应之前，他们不再干活儿，一分钟也不干。

The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $$2 per hour. Gradually,
the huge stacks began to shrink.
罢工持续了不到两小时。通过调解，双方达成协议 ，每小时两块。渐
渐地，大堆的广告开始减少。

As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time
I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $$150 in labor costs, $$40 for gasoline,
and a like amount for gifts - boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station
wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother.
结果，全部工作比最后限期星期日早
晨七点提前三个小 时完成。等我回到家里，孩子们已经结了账。 劳务支出 150 元，汽油费40 元，还有 40
元买礼品——几盒糖果，送给乐于助人的邻居，他们主动开出 自家的车帮助投递，还有一打玫瑰送给他们
的母亲。
This left them with $$185 each - about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they
worked. Still, it was
a while.
除去以上开支，他们每人得到 185 元 --大约相当于 他们所干的 91 小时的最低工资的三分之二。
虽然如此，可正如一个儿子所说，那还是“足够”他们花一阵子，使他们“避免那种有失尊严的事。”

All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd
goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton from various corners
of the house out the front door to curbside. < br>几个星期过去了，一切都很好。后来，一个星期六的上午，
我们两个小儿子的奇怪举动引起了我的 注意。他们不停地将一个又一个的纸箱从房屋四处的角落里搬出，
经过前门，送到人行道边。
I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard
them discussing finances.
我以为他们的妈妈在指挥他们清除破 烂，好让垃圾车运走呢。正在这时，我听
到他们在议论经济问题。


“哟，我们会赚许多钱呢!”


“我们要发财啦!”

Investigation revealed that they were offering
经查问发现，他
们正在把我们的全部图书“出售或出租”。


“不成!不成!”我叫道。“不能把我们的书卖了!”


“哎唷，爸，我们以为你用不着它们了呢!”


“书永远不会'用'不着的，”我尽力解释道。


a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……
“你肯定用
不着了。你都看过了，再也不用 了。没有错。既然不用，还不如卖点钱。我们想避免那种有 失尊严的事，
不再伸手向你要„„”


New Words
buck
n. (sl.) U.S. dollar
plastic
a. 塑料的
n. (pl) 塑料
doorknob
n. 门把手
leisurely
a. unhurried 从容的，慢慢的
leisure
n. free time 空闲时间，闲暇
lucrative
a. profitable 有利的；赚钱的
pain
vt. cause pain to
panhandle
vi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streets
delivery
n. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投递；送交
enthuse
vi. show enthusiasm
inquire
vt. ask

super
a. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellent
snap
vt. say(sth.) sharply 厉声说
insert
n. 插页
normally
ad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常
company
n. 公司
echo
vt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和；重复
ad
n. (short for) advertisement
inform
vt. tell; give information 告知
porch
n. (AmE) veranda 门廊
armload
n. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armful
walk
n. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道
unnaturally
ad. in an unnatural way 不自然地
quaver
vi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble 颤抖
truckload
n. as much or as many as a truck can carry
department store
n. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百货公司
dime
n. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten cents
dime store
n. (AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉价商品店；小商口
店
drugstore
n. (AmE) a store that sells not only medicine, but also beauty products, film, magazines, and
food 药店，杂货店
grocery
n. a store that sells food and household supplies 食品杂货店
section
n. part of subdivision of a piece of writing, book, newspaper, etc.; portion （文章等的）段落；
节；部分
cram

vt. fill too full; force or press into a small space 把„„塞满；把„„塞进
stack
n. an orderly; heap or group of things 一叠（堆、垛等）
band
n. flat, thin piece of material 带；带状物
vt. tie up with a band 捆扎
rubber band
n. 橡皮筋
takeout
a. （餐馆）出售外卖菜的
range
n. the distance at which one can see or hear （听觉、视觉等）的范围
marvel(l)ous
a. wonderful; astonishing
steak
n. 牛排；大块肉（或鱼）片
sour
a. 酸的
eel
n. 鳗鲡
diplomacy
n. 外交
encouraging
a. 鼓舞人心的
dent
n. a hollow in a hard surface made by a blow or pressure; initial progress凹痕，凹坑，初步进
展
reproduce
vt. produce the young of (oneself or one's own kind) 生殖，繁殖
bodily
a. of the human body; physical
harm
n. damage or wrong 伤害
audience
n. the people gathered in a place to hear or see; a chance to be heard 观众；听众；陈述意见
的机会
snarl
vt. speak in a harsh voice 咆哮着说
bonus
n. an extra payment to workers 奖金
thoughtful
a. give to or indicating thought 沉思的，思考的
cash
n. money in coins or notes 现金

activist
n. a person taking an active part esp. in a political movement 激进分子
work force
n. total number of workers employed in a particular factory, industry or area 工人总数；劳动
人口
competitive
a. 竞争的
organizer
n. person who organizes things 组织者
mediation
n. 调解
party
n. one of the people or sides in an agreement or argument 一方；当事人
gradually
ad. slowly and by degrees.
gradual
a.逐渐的
shrink (shrank, shrunk)
vi. become less or smaller 减少；变小
deadline
n. fixed limit of finishing a piece of work 最后期限
station wagon
n. 小型客车，客货两用车
minimum (pl. minima or minimums)
n. the smallest possible amount, number, etc. 最低限度的量、数等
minimum wage
n. the lowest wage permitted by law or by agreement for certain work 法定最工资
odd
a. strange; unusual
goings-on
n. activities, usu. of an undesirable kind
carton
n. a cardboard box for holding goods 纸板箱（或盒）
curbside
n. the area of sidewalk at or near curb （curb: 人行道的镶边石）
enlist
vt. obtain the support and help of; cause to join the armed forces 取得„„的支持和帮助；征募
trash
n. waste material to be thrown away; rubbish 垃圾
pickup
n. a small light truck with an open back used for light deliveries 小卡车；轻型货车
overhear
vt. hear by chance; hear without the knowledge of the speaker(s)无意中听到；偷听到
finance

n. money matters; (used in pl.) money; (science of ) the management of funds 财政；钱财；金
融
geez
int.哎呀，呀
sale
n. the act of selling sth.

Phrases & Expressions
pull up
bring or come to a stop （使）停下
a piece of cake
(informal) sth. very easy to do
even as
just at the same moment as
know better than
be wise or experienced enough not (to do sth.) 明事理而不至于
be at
be occupied with, be doing
make a dent (in)
make less by a very small amount; reduce slightly; make a first step towards success(in)减少一
点；取得初步进展
cut into
reduce; decrease 减少
have no business
have no right or reason 无权，没有理由
settle for
accept, although not altogether satisfactory （无可奈何地）满足于
settle one's account
pay what one owes 结帐
quite a while
a fairly long time
draw(sb.'s) attention to
make sb. notice, or be aware of
for sale
intended to be sold
for rent
available to be rented
be done with
stop doing or using; finish 做完，不再使用
maymightcould as well
with equal or better effect 不妨，还不如，最好

Proper Names
Montgomery Ward

蒙哥马利—沃德百货公司
Sears, Roebuck
西尔斯—罗百克百货公司


Unit 2
Text
Is there anything we can learn from deer? During the -1974 the writer
of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when
winter arrives. The lessons he learns about the way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to
our everyday life.
有什么是我们能从鹿身上学到的吗在 1973-1974 年的“能源危机”期间，本文作者正
住在明尼苏达北部，能够观察当冬天来临时， 鹿如何生存。他从鹿储存能量的方法上得到的经验也能够运
用到我们的日常生活中。

DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLE
鹿和能量循环

Some persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more
practical turn of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes
the world go round.
有些人说，爱情驱使世界运转；另一些并不那么罗 曼蒂克而更为注重实际的人则说，
不是爱情，而是金钱。但真实情况是，能量驱使世界运转。
Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is
converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to
survive. On this cycle all life depends.
能 量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能量，能量再用来获
取更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存，生命 才成为可能。所有生命都维系在这一循环上。

It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can
during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and
then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce.
But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy
to live in winter than in summer.
差不多众所周知，野生动物得以年 复一年地生存下去，主要依靠在夏
秋生长旺季尽量多吃，通常将多余的部分以脂肪的形式储存起来，然后 到了冬天食物稀少的艰难时期，就
用这些储备的脂肪来维持生命。然而，很可能鲜为人知的是，即使有储 备的脂肪，野生动物在冬天消耗的
能量比夏天要少。

A good case in point is the whiter-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store
fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature
female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns
during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not
only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.
一个很好的例证是白尾鹿。与
大 多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两季，繁殖、生长并储存脂肪。一只成熟健壮的母
鹿 ，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，它必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅
是 为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。
The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good
timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. The
cost can not be met unless the region has ample food re sources.
产乳的最佳期也正是植物生长茂盛
之时。这个时机选择得很好，因为乳汁生产 是一个消耗能量的过程 -- 它需要大量的食物，除非该地区具有
丰富的食物资源，否则无法满足这种消耗。

As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother's
milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources. The adult males spend the summer
growing antlers and getting fat.
夏季一天天过去，幼 鹿日渐生长，它们变得较少依赖母鹿的乳汁，而更
加依靠生长中的植物为其食物来源。雄性成鹿在夏天生 长鹿角并养肥身体。
Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat
for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk
production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males.
在秋天，
雄鹿和雌鹿都继续进食高 质量食物，贮存体内脂肪，以备过冬。至于雌鹿和幼鹿，由于大量的能量用于产
奶或生长，脂肪的积累速 度不如完全成熟的雄鹿快。

Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited
and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.
脂肪储备如同银行里的存款，供冬天食物来
源不足时和有时由于雪深难以获得时，支取使用。

As fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the
deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September
and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes
cold.
随着秋去冬来，还会发生其他变化: 幼鹿失去皮毛上的斑纹，所有鹿身上的毛长厚，颜色变深。毛皮
的变化通常持续到 9 月。到11 月或 12 月天气变冷时，毛长得最厚。
But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter -- an internal
physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence
slows down their expenditure of energy.
此外，大自然还为鹿提供进一步的保护以帮助它们度过冬天
-- 体内生理机能作相应调节，放慢新陈 代谢，亦即生理活动的速度，从而降低能量的消耗。

The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate
practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer don't hibernate,
they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and
store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use stored fat
in the winter when food is less available.
鹿变得有点动作迟缓、嗜睡。它们的心率减慢。冬眠的动物保
存能量的 习性胜过鹿。虽然鹿不冬眠，但他们随季节改变新陈代谢节奏的习性则是一样的。夏秋间，食物
充裕的时 候，鹿消耗较多的能量并储存脂肪。在冬天食物匮乏时，它们则消耗较少的能量并使用储存的脂
肪。
When the first came in 1973-1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the
edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their
behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by
an increase again in the spring as the snow melted.
1973-1974 年间，第一次出现“能源危机”的时候，
我正与家人住 在明尼苏达州北部一处鹿群过冬地方的边缘地带。我们住在一个小屋里，观察鹿的生活习性，
观察它们是 如何随着冬季来临从夏秋的活动频繁状态而变得少动的，而到春暖雪融时，他们的活动又是如
何增多起来 的。

It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio:
necessary,
furnace down.
当时广播电台常告诫我们:“没有 必要不开车，”“多穿衣服好保暖，并请调低锅炉上的恒
温器。”这些话听起来既有趣又逗笑。

Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce
their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to
reduce their cost of living to increase their chance of surviving in winter.
因为与此同时，我们一直注
视着鹿减少活动，长出越冬的厚毛，并减缓新陈代谢。几千年来，他们一贯如此。鹿减少生存所需的能耗

以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学角度来看是合情合理的。

Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, survival and
productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for
several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find,
and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through.
当然，对鹿来讲，并
非每 个冬天都处于危难之中。如果冬天雪下得少，存活率和次年春天的繁殖力就高。但如果雪积得深，天
气连 续数周寒冷，鹿活动起来就得花费较多的能量，觅食会更难，这时它们就得更多地依赖其脂肪储备度
过寒 冬。
If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to
survive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animal such as deer.
如果这种
情况持续太久，有些鹿就要死亡，只有体型最大最壮的，才有可能存活。 对于像鹿这样四处自由奔走的野
生动物来说，这是一条根本的生存规律。

Yes, life - and death, too - is a cycle that goes round and round, and when animals die their
bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy.
的确，生命--还有死
亡-- 周而复始，循环不已。当动物死亡的时候，他们的尸体转化为能量，变成食物，供其他生命形式使用。

And the cycle continues.
如此循环，永不止息。


New Words
deer
n. (sing. or pl.)鹿
romantic
a. belonging to or suggesting romance; fanciful not practical 浪漫的；幻想的
turn
n. a natural tendency; inclination(天生）倾向
currency
n. money that is actually in use in a country 通货，货币
ecological
a. of or concerning interrelationship of organisms and their environment 生态的
ecology
n. 生态学
convert
vt. change (from one form, use, etc. into another); cause (a person) to change his beliefs, etc. 使
转变；使改变信仰（等）
excess
n. the part that is more than enough; the condition of exceeding what is usual or necessary 过
量；过度
reserve
n. sth. that is being or has been stored for later use 储备（物）
scarce
a. not available in sufficient quantity 缺乏的
wildlife
n. animals and plants which live and grow wild
nutritious
ing nourishment; nourishing有营养的；滋养的

mature
a. full grown and developed 成熟的；成年的
female
a. of the sex that gives birth to young 女（性）的；雌的
n. a female person, animal or plant
conceive
vt. become pregnant with (young); form (an idea, plan, etc.) in the mind 怀（胎）；构思
fawn
n. a young deer less than a year old
timing
n. selection for maximum effect of the precise moment for beginning or doing sth. 时机的选择
consume
vt. eat or drink; use; use up 消耗；消费
region
n. a place, space or area; a part of the body 地区；（身体的）部位
ample
a. plentiful 充裕的
resource
n. (pl.) possessions (esp. of a country). in the form of wealth and goods, that help one to do
what one wants 资源
dependent
a. relying (on another) for support
male
a. of the sex that does not give birth to young 男（性）的；雄的
n. a male person, animal or plant
antler
n. the solid, bony horn of a male deer 鹿角，茸角

deposit
vt. put or store for safe keeping; (esp. of a liquid, a river) leave lying (a layer of matter)存放;使沉
积
doe
n. a fully-grown female deer
expend
vt. spend or use up 花费；耗尽
accumulate
v. make or become greater in number or quantity; collect or gather 积累；积聚
account
n. a sum of money kept in a bank which may be added to or taken from 帐户；存款
spotted
a. marked with spots有斑点的
depth
n. the state or degree of being deep 深；深度，厚度
safeguard

n. a means of protection against sth. unwanted 预防措施
internal
a. of or in the inside, esp. of the body 内部的；体内的
physiological
a. 生理的；生理学的
metabolism
n. 新陈代谢
hence
ad. therefore 因此，所以
expenditure
n. expending or using up; the amount of money, time, etc. expended 花费;用光;支出额,费用
somewhat
ad. by some degree or amount; a little 有点，稍微
drowsy
a. sleepy or half sleepy; making one sleepy 困倦的；催眠的
hibernate
vi. (of some animals) pass the whole of the winter in a state like sleep 冬眠
extreme
n. either end of anything; highest degree 极端
seasonal
a. depending on the season; changing with the seasons 季节性的
rhythm
n. 节奏
abundant
a. more than enough 充足的；丰富的
cabin
n. a small roughly built, usu. wooden house 小木屋；茅舍
melt
v. cause (a solid) to become liquid; (of a solid ) become liquid （使）融化；（使）熔化
amusing
a. funny 逗人笑的；引起乐趣的
amuse
vt. cause to laugh or smile
thermostat
n. an automatic device for regulating temperature 恒温器
biologically
ad. 生物学上
biological
a.生物学的
biology
n.生物学
survival
n. the fact or likelihood of surviving 幸存
productivity

n. the ability or capacity to produce, productiveness 生产力；生产率；多产
fundamental
a. basic; most important

Phrases & Expressions
go round
function smoothly
in the form of
以„形式
in point
appropriate; pertinent 适用的；相关的
in (good) condition
in good health, physically fit
give birth (to)
bear; (fig.) produce 生（孩）子，产（仔）；产生，引起
draw on
take or use as a source 利用；动用
slow down
(cause to ) go more slowly than usual; (cause to ) live, work, etc. in a less active and intense way
（使）慢下来；（使）放松
turn down
reduce the force, speed, loudness, etc. of (sth.) by using controls 减弱；关小，调低
move about
travel around; go from one place to another
pull through
help (sb.) to survive a period of danger or crisis 使渡过危险或危机

Proper Name
Minnesota 明尼苏达（美国州名）


Unit 3

Text
Can you prove that the earth is round? Go ahead and try! Will you rely on your senses or will
you have to draw on the opinions of experts?
你能证明地球是圆的吗来试试看 吧！你将依靠你自己的智
力还是不得不引用专家的观点呢？

WHY DO WE BELIEVE THAT THE EARTH IS ROUND?
我们为什么相信地球是圆的

George Orwell
Somewhere or other — I think it is in the preface to saint Joan — Bernard Shaw remarks that we
are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the Middle Ages, and as an example of
modern credulity he cites the widespread belief that the earth is round.
记得在什么地方--我想是在
《圣女贞德》序言中-- 肖伯纳评论说，今天我们比在中世纪时更加轻 信，更加迷信。而作为现代轻信的例

证，他举出地圆说这一广为传播的信念。
The average man, says Shaw, can advance not a single reason for thinking that the earth is round.
He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the
twentieth-century mentality.
肖伯纳说，普通人举不出一条 理由来说明为什么相信地球是圆的。他全盘
接受这一理论，只是因为这一理论中有一种迎合20世纪心态 的东西。

Now, Shaw is exaggerating, but there is something in what he says, and the question is worth
following up, for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge.
当然，肖伯纳是夸大其词了，但他说的也确实有些道理，这一问题值得进一步探讨，因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。

Just why do we believe that the earth is round? I am not speaking of the few thousand
astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give ocular proof, or have a theoretical
knowledge of the proof, but of the ordinary newspaper-reading citizen, such as you or me.
我们
究竟为什么会相信地球是圆的呢我说的不是数千位天文学家、地理学家之类的人，他们可以用观察到 的事
实或用理论上的根据来证实这一点，我指的是如同你我之辈的报纸的普通读者。

As for the Flat Earth theory, I believe I could refute it. If you stand by the seashore on a clear day,
you can see the masts and funnels of invisible ships passing along the horizon. This phenomenon
can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved.
至于“地平说”，我相 信我能够
加以驳斥。如果你在天气晴朗的日子站立海边，你可以看到船桅和烟囱沿着地平线移动而不见船 体本身。
只有假设地球表面呈曲线状，这一现象才能得到解释。

But it does not follow that the earth is spherical. Imagine another theory called the Oval Earth
theory, which claims that the earth is shaped like an egg. What can I say against it?
但不能由此推
断地球是球形的。设想另一个称做“地球卵形说”的理论吧，这一学说声称地球形如蛋状。对此，我能说
什么加以反驳呢？

Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. The Oval
Earth man promptly answers that I don't know, by my own observation, that those bodies are
spherical.
面对“地球卵形说” 者，我能打的第一张牌是，可以根据太阳和月亮来类推。“地球卵形说”者
立即回敬道，我无法根据自己 的观察得知那些天体是球形的。
I only know that they are round, and they may perfectly well be flat discs. I have no answer to
that one. Besides, he goes on, what reason have I for thinking that the earth must be the same
shape as the sun and moon? I can't answer that one either.
我只能得知他们是圆的，而它们完全可 能
呈扁平的圆盘状。我对此无言以答。此外，他还会说，我凭什么理由认为地球一定与太阳和月亮的形状 相
同对此，我同样无法解答。
My second card is the earth's shadow: When cast on the moon during eclipses, it appears to be
the shadow of a round object. But how do I know, demands the Oval Earth man, that eclipses of
the moon are caused by the shadow of the earth?
我的第二张牌是地球的影子: 月食期间，地球投在
月亮上的影子看上去呈圆形物体状。但“地 球卵形说”者马上要问，我怎么知道月食是由地球的影子造成
的呢？
The answer is that I don't know, but have taken this piece of information blindly from newspaper
articles and science booklets.
回答是，我并不知道，我只是照搬报刊文章和科普小册子上的说法而已。
Defeated in the minor exchanges, I now play my queen of trumps: the opinion of the experts. The
Astronomer Royal, who ought to know, tells me that the earth is round.
小小交锋受挫，于是我打出
一张王牌“Q”: 专家的看法。英国格林威治皇家天文台台长总该是权威了，他告诉我说地球是圆的。
The Oval Earth man covers the queen with his king. Have I tested the Astronomer Royal's
statement, and would I even know a way of testing it?
“地球卵形说” 者用他的“K”牌压倒我的“Q”
牌。天文台台长的话我检验过没有再说，我知道怎么个检验法吗？

Here I bring out my ace. Yes, I do know one test. The astronomers can foretell eclipses, and this
suggests that their opinions about the solar system are pretty sound. I am, to my delight, justified
in accepting their say-so about the shape of the earth.
这时候，我打出我的“爱司”。是的 ，我确实知
道一个检验方法。天文学家能预报月食，这一点表明他们关于太阳系的看法是非常可信的。因 此，令我高
兴的是，我接受他们关于地球形状的论断是有道理的。

If the Oval Earth man answers — what I believe is true — that the ancient Egyptians, who
thought the sun goes round the earth, could also predict eclipses, then bang goes my ace.
如果
“地球卵形说”者反驳道--我以为他反驳得有理-- 认为太阳绕地球转的古代埃及人也能预言月食，那我的“爱
司”牌便立刻化为乌有。
I have only one card left: navigation. People can sail ship round the world, and reach the places
they aim at, by calculations which assume that the earth is spherical. I believe that finishes the
Oval Earth man, though even then he may possibly have some kind of counter.
我只剩下一张牌: 航< br>海。人们可以扬帆绕地球航行而到达他们的目的地，其航程的计算，就是以地球是球形的假定为依据的。< br>我相信这一下可以彻底击败“地球卵形说”者了。不过即便如此，他还可能有某种回击的办法。
It will be seen that my reasons for thinking that the earth is round are rather precarious ones. Yet
this is an exceptionally elementary piece of information.
由此可见，我认为地球是圆的，其根据是相
当不牢靠的。然而这却是一点极其基本的知识。
On most other questions I should have to fall back on the expert much earlier, and would be less
able to test his pronouncements. And much the greater part of our knowledge is at this level. 在
别的大多数问题上，我只得更早地依赖专家的理论，且更少有办法检验他的结论了。我们的知识， 其绝大
部分都停留在这一水平上。
It does not rest on reasoning or on experiment, but on authority. And how can it be otherwise,
when the range of knowledge is so vast that the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he
strays away from his own specialty?
它不是依靠推理或实验，而是依赖权威。可是，不这样，又有什么别的法子呢知识的范围如此广博，一旦越出其专业范围，专家也会变成一无所知。
Most people, if asked to prove that the earth is round, would not even bother to produce the
rather weak arguments I have outlined above. They would start off by saying that
knows
对大多数人来说，如果要他们证明地球是圆的话，就连我上面概述的这些相当无力的论据，他们也不愿提供出来。他们一开始就会说: 谁都知道地球是圆的。要是再加追问，就会生气了。
In a way Shaw is right. This is a credulous age, and the burden of knowledge which we now have
to carry is partly responsible.
在某种程度上讲，肖伯纳是说对了，如今是一个轻信的时代。究其缘由，< br>部分在于，我们现今必须掌握的知识实在太多了。


New Words
preface
n. an introduction to a book or speech 前言,序
gullible
a. easily deceived or cheated esp. into a false belief; credulous 易受骗的;轻信的
superstitious
a. full of superstition; believing in superstitions 迷信的
credulity
n. a tendency to believe to readily 轻信
cite

vt. mention as an example; quote (a passage, book, etc.) 举出;引出
widespread
a. found or distributed over a large area 分布广的;普遍的
advance
vt. put or bring forward; offer 提出
appeal
vi. please, attract or interest 投合所好;有感染力;有吸引力
mentality
n. way of thinking, outlook; mental power or capacity 心理,思想;脑力
exaggerate
vt. think, speak or write of as greater than is really so; overstate 夸张;夸大
sake
n. end, purpose 缘故
geographer
n. a specialist in geography
ocular
a. of, for, by the eyes; based on what has been seen 眼睛的;凭视觉的
theoretical
a. of or based on theory
citizen
n. 公民;市民
refute
vt. prove (a statement) to be untrue; prove (a person) to be mistaken 驳斥
mast
n. a long upright pole of wood or metal for carrying flags or sails on a ship 桅杆
funnel
n. a metal chimney for letting out smoke from a steam engine or steamship (蒸汽机,轮船等的)
烟囱
invisible
a. that can not be seen
horizon
n. the line where the sky seems to meet the earth or sea 地平线
phenomenon (pl. phenomena)
n. 现象
curve
vt. bend so as to form a line that has no straight part 使成曲线
n. a continuously bending line without angles 曲线
follow
vi. result or occur as a consequence, effect, or inference 结果产生;得出
spherical
a. shaped like a ball 球形的
oval
n.& a. (anything which is) egg-shaped 卵形的(东西), 椭圆的(东西)
card

n. 纸牌
analogy
n. comparison of things that have a certain likeness; similarity 类比; 相似
promptly
ad. quickly and willingly 敏捷地;迅速地
prompt
a. 敏捷的;迅速的；及时的
body
n. =celestial body 天体
disc
n. 圆盘
cast
vt. throw or drop; cause (light or shadow) to appear (on) 扔,投; 投射
eclipse
n. the total or partial hiding of one celestial body by another (天文学)食
booklet
n. a small book, usu. with a paper cover 小册子
exchange
vt. give and receive (one thing in return for another) 交换
trump
n. 王牌
royal
a. for, belonging to, or connected with a king or queen 皇家的; 王室的
statement
n. expression in words; a written or spoken declaration, esp. of a formal kind 陈述;声明
ace
n. (纸牌中的)牌,爱司
foretell
vt. tell beforehand; predict 预言
solar
a. of the sun
the solar system
the sun and the planets which revolve round it
justify
vt. give a good reason for; show to be just, right or reasonable 证明„„是正当的；为„辩护
say-so
n. an authoritative pronouncement; one's unsupported assertion 权威性声明；无证据的断言
Egyptian
n.,a. (native) of Egypt 埃及人；埃及的
predict
vt. announce or tell beforehand; forecast 预言
bang
ad. with a sudden loud noise; with a sudden impact 砰地
navigation

n. the act or process of navigating 航海
calculation
n. the act of adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing to find a result 计算
calculate
vt.计算
calculator
n. 计算器
counter
n. sth. of value in bargaining; a return attack, such as a blow in boxing 讨价还价的本钱；回击，
反击
precarious
a. insecure; depending upon mere assumption 不安全的；根据不足的，靠不住的
exceptionally
ad. unusually
authority
n. power to influence; power to give orders and make others obey 权威；权力
ignoramus
n. an ignorant person 无知的人
stray
vi. wander away; (of thoughts or conversation) move away from the subject 走离；离题
specialty
n. a special field of work or study 专业
outline
vt. indicate the main ideas or facts of
n. a systematic listing of the important points of a subject 提纲
press
vt. demand or ask for continuously 催促，逼迫
credulous
a. tending to believe sth. on little evidence, arising from credulity 轻信的
burden
n. sth. difficult to bear; load 重负；负荷

Phrases & Expressions
follow up
pursue or investigate closely; take further action after (sth.) 深入研究或调查；采取进一步行动
for the sake of
for the good or advantage of; for the purpose of 为了„的利益；为了
throwshed light on
make clear; explain 使明白，使明朗；解释
and so forth
and so on
as for
with regard to, concerning 至于
may well (not)

be very likely (not) to 完全（不）可能
bring out
show; offer to the public 拿出；使显出；推出（新产品等）
aim at
have as one's target, objective, etc.
fall back on
turn to for support 求助于
rest on
depend on, rely on
stray away from
wander from; move from 偏离
start off
begin; depart
in a way
to a certain extent; a little; somewhat 在某种程度上

Proper Names
Saint Joan
圣女贞德
Bernard Shaw
萧伯纳

Unit 4
Text
Jim Thorpe, an American Indian, is generally accepted as the greatest all- round athlete of the first
half of the 20th century. Yet the man, who brought glory to his nation, had a heartbreaking life.
What caused his sadness and poverty?
Jim Thorpe， 一个美国印地安人 ，在前半个20世纪里，被认
为是最伟大的万能运动员。就是那个人，给他的国家带来了荣耀。但是却有 一个极为悲伤的生活。是什么
导致了他的悲伤和贫穷？

JIM THORPE
吉姆·索普照
Steve Gelman
The railroad station was jammed. Students from Lafayette College were crowding onto the train
platform eagerly awaiting the arrival of the Carlisle Indian school's track and field squad.
火车站
挤得水泄不通。拉斐德学院的学生们一齐拥上月台，热切地 等待着卡莱尔印第安人学校田径队的到来。
No one would have believed it a few months earlier. A school that nobody had heard of was
suddenly beating big, famous colleges in track meets. Surely these Carlisle athletes would come
charging off the train, one after another, like a Marine battalion.
倘若 在几个月前，准无人会相信，
一个谁也没听说过的学校，会在田径场上突然大败许多有名的大学。不用说 ，这些卡莱尔的运动员抵达后，
一个接着一个冲下火车，准会像一营海军陆战队那样。

The train finally arrived and two young men -- one big and broad, the other small and slight --
stepped onto the platform.
火车终于到站，两位年轻人-- 一位，大个儿，体格魁梧，另一位，小个儿，
长相瘦弱--踏上了月台。


“田径队在哪儿？”一位拉斐德的学生问道。

“就在这儿。”大个子回答道。


“就你们两个？”


“不，就我一个，”大个子说。 “这
位小兄弟是领队。”

The Lafayette students shook their heads in wonder. Somebody must be playing a joke on them.
If this big fellow was the whole Carlisle track team, he would be competing against an entire
Lafayette squad.
拉斐德的学生们诧异地摇摇头。一定有人在开他们的玩笑 。如果卡莱尔田径队就只有大
个子一人，那他就得与整个拉斐德田径队比试高低了。
He did. He ran sprints, he ran hurdles, he ran distance races. He high-jumped, he broad-jumped.
He threw the javelin and the shot. Finishing first in eight events, the big fellow beat the whole
Lafayette team.
确实如此。他短跑，他跨栏，他长跑，他跳高 ，他跳远。他又投标枪又掷铅球。大个子
赢得八项第一，一个人击败了整个拉斐德田径队。

The big fellow was Jim Thorpe, the greatest American athlete of modern times. He was born on
May 28,1888, in a two-room farmhouse near Prague, Oklahoma. His parents were members of
the Sac and Fox Indian tribe and he was a direct descendant of the famous warrior chief, Black
Hawk.
这位大个子就是吉姆·索普，现代美国最伟大的运动员。他于188 8年5月28日出生在俄克拉荷马
布拉格附近一个只有两间房的农舍里。他的父母亲是印第安人，袋与狐 部落的成员，他是著名的武士首领
黑隼的嫡系后裔。

As a Sac and Fox, Jim had the colorful Indian name Wa-Tho-Huck. Which, translated, means
Bright Path. But being born an Indian, his path was not so bright. Although he had the
opportunity to hunt and fish with great Indian outdoorsmen, he was denied opportunity in other
ways.
作为袋与狐部落的成员，吉姆有一 个动听的印第安名字：瓦·索·哈克，翻译出来，意为“光明之
路”。但由于生来是一个印第安人，他的 道路并不那么光明。虽然他有机会与熟谙野外生活的印第安人一起
捕鱼、守猎，但其它方面的机会全给剥 夺了。
The United States government controlled the lives of American Indians and, unlike other people,
Indians did not automatically become citizens. It was almost impossible for an Indian to gain even
a fair education and extremely difficult, as a result, for an Indian to rise high in life.
当时，美国政府
控制了全美印第安人的生活，而且，与其他民族不同，印第 安人不能自动获得公民资格。印第安人甚至连
受起码的教育的机会也极少，因而，要想出人头地是难而又 难。
Young Bright Path seemed destined to spend his life in the Oklahoma farmland. But when he was
in his teens, the government gave him the chance to attend the Carlisle Indian School in
Pennsylvania.
年轻的“光明之路”似乎注定要在俄克拉荷马的农田里度过一生 。但在他十几岁的时候，
政府给了他一个机会去宾夕法尼亚的卡莱尔印第安人学校就读。
Soon Carlisle was racing along its own bright path to athletic prominence. In whatever sport Jim
Thorpe played, he excelled, He was a star in baseball, track and field, wrestling, lacrosse,
basketball and football.
不久，卡莱尔学校沿着自己的光明之路 冲上了体育运动的高峰。不管吉姆·索普
参加哪项运动，他都表现得很出色。他是棒球明星、田径明星、 摔跤明星、长曲棍球明星、篮球明星和橄
榄球明星。
He was so good in football, in fact, that most other small schools refused to play Carlisle. The
Indian school's football schedule soon listed such major powers of the early twentieth century as
Pittsburgh, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Penn State and Army.
事实 上，他的橄榄球打得十分出色，以至于
大多数其它规模较小的学校都不肯与卡莱尔比赛。不久，这个印第 安学校的橄榄球比赛日程上，列出的都
是些20世纪初的主要强队，例如匹兹堡队、例如匹兹堡队，哈佛 队，宾州队及陆军队等。

Thorpe was a halfback. He was six feet one inch tall, weighed 185 pounds and had incredible

speed and power.
索普打前卫。他身高6.1英尺，体重185磅，速度奇快，力量惊人。
He built upon these natural gifts daily. He would watch a coach or player demonstrate a difficult
maneuver, then he would try it himself. Inevitably, he would master the maneuver within
minutes.
在天赋的基础上，他坚持训练，技艺与日俱增。他仔细观察教练或运动员示 范难度大的动作，然
后自己试着练。往往只消几分钟，他就学会了。

During every game, opponents piled on Thorpe, trampled him, kicked him and punched him,
trying to put him out of action. They were never successful. Years later someone asked him if he
had ever been hurt on the field. Thorpe said. could anyone get hurt playing
football?
每次比赛，对方的球员们常一块儿 压在索普的身上，踩他，踢他，用拳头猛击他，试图使他丧
失比赛能力。但他们的企图从未得逞。数年之 后，有人问他在球场上受过伤没有。 “受伤？”索普回答说，
“打橄榄球怎么会受伤呢？”

But Jim never played his best when he felt he would have to no fun playing. of
playing in the rain?he once said. And his Carlisle coach, Pop Warner, once said, no
doubt that Jim had more talent than anybody who ever played football, but you could never tell
when he felt like giving his best.
但是每当吉姆感到打球没趣的时候，他就打不出他的水平。有一次他
曾说 ：“下着雨打球有啥意思？”他的卡莱尔教练波伯·沃纳也曾说过：“毫无疑问，吉姆是迄今最有天赋
的 橄榄球运动员，但你永远无法弄清什么时候他想拿出最好的一手来。”然而，橄榄球，没有为索普带来最
美好的时刻。

Football, though, did not provide Thorpe with his finest hour. He was selected for the United
States Olympic track team in 1912, and went to Sweden with the team for the Games. On the
ship, while the other athletes limbered up, Thorpe slept in his bunk. In Sweden, while other
athletes trained, Thorpe relaxed in a hammock. He never strained when he didn't feel it
necessary.
1912年，他被选入美国奥林匹克田径代表队，随队去瑞典参加运动 会。在船上，别的运动员都
在活动身体，索普却在床上睡大觉。到了瑞典，别的运动员在训练，索普却躺 在吊床上休息。不到必要的
时候，他从来不肯使劲。

Thorpe came out of his hammock when the Games began, to take part in the two most
demanding Olympic events.
运动会开始了，索普这才从吊床上下来，参加奥林匹克运动会对体力和技
术要求最高的两项比赛 。
He entered the pentathlon competition, a test of skill in five events: 200-meter run, 1500-meter
run, broad jump, discus and javelin;
他参加5项全能比赛，这是对个项目技能的考验：200米跑、1500
米 跑、跳远、铁饼和标枪。
and the decathlon competition, a series of ten events: 100-meter run, 400-meter run,
1500-meter run, high hurdles, broad jump, high jump, pole vault, discus, javelin and shot put.
他
还参加10项全能比赛，这10项系列竞赛是“100米跑、400米跑、150 0米跑、高栏、跳远、跳高、撑杆
跳、铁饼、标枪和铅球。

Though most athletes were utterly exhausted by the decathlon alone, Thorpe breezed through
both events, his dark hair flopping, his smile flashing, his muscled body gliding along the track. He
finished first in both the pentathlon and decathlon, one of the great feats in Olympic history.
大多
数运动员参加10项全能这一项就精疲力尽了， 而索普却轻松自如地赛完两项。他一头黑发扑颠着，脸上闪
烁着微笑，那肌肉强健的身体沿着跑道轻捷地 飞奔着。在5项和10项两个全能项目比赛中，他都名列第一，
这是奥林匹克运动史上伟大的业绩之一。

the greatest athlete in the world.
瑞典国王古斯塔夫五世在把两块金牌授给索普的时候说：“先生，”
“你是世界上最伟大的运动员。”

And William Howard Taft, the President of the United States, said,
of citizen.
美国总统威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱也说：“吉姆·索普是公民的最高典范。”

King Gustav V was correct, but President Taft was not. Though Jim Thorpe had brought great
glory to his nation, though thousands of people cheered him upon his return to the United States
and attended banquets and a New York parade in his honor, he was not a citizen.
古斯塔夫五世国
王讲对了，但 塔夫脱总统却没有说对。尽管吉姆·索普为他的国家赢得了伟大的荣誉，尽管他回到美国时，
数千人前去 热烈欢迎他并参加了为他举行的宴会和纽约的游行，而他却不是一个美国公民。

He did not become one until 1916. Even then, it took a special government ruling because he was
an Indian.
直到1916年，他才取得公民资格。而且，那还是经过政府特别裁决才授予他的，因 为他是一
个印第安人。

Jim Thorpe was a hero after the Olympics and a sad, bewildered man not too much later.
Someone discovered that two years before the Olympics he had been paid a few dollars to play
semiprofessional baseball.
奥林匹克运动会 后，吉姆·索普成了英雄，但没过多久，他就成了一个悲伤、
迷惘的人。原来，有人发现，奥林匹克运动 会前两年，他曾经为了几块钱参加过半职业性的棒球比赛。
Though many amateur athletes had played for pay under false names, Thorpe had used his own
name.
许多业余运动员使用假名参赛赚钱，而索普却用自己的真名。

As a result, he was not technically an amateur when he competed at Stockholm as all Olympic
athletes must be. His Olympic medals and trophies were taken away from him and given to the
runners- up.
如果，从技术上来讲，他在斯德哥尔摩参赛时，已不是一名业余运动员了，而根据规定，所有奥林匹克运动员必须是业余选手。于是，他的奥林匹克奖章和奖品被收了回去，给了第二名的获得者。
After this heartbreaking experience, Thorpe turned to professional sports. He played major
league baseball for six years and did fairly well.
在这次令人心碎的经历之后，索普转向职业运动。他
为主要的棒球联赛协会打了六 年球，成绩还不错。
Then he played professional football for six years with spectacular success.
接着，他加入职业橄榄
球队，参赛六年，成绩斐然。
His last professional football season was in 1926. After that, his youthful indifference to studies
and his unwillingness to think of a nonsports career caught up with him. He had trouble finding a
job, and his friends deserted him.
1926年，他 结束了职业橄榄球员生涯。到这时候，年轻时，他对学业
漫不经心，加之，他一直也不愿考虑运动员以外 的职业。这一切终于给他带来了不幸。他找不到工作，朋
友们也抛弃了他。
He periodically asked for, but never was given back, his Olympic prizes. From 1926 until his death
in 1953, he lived a poor, lonely, unhappy life.
他不时地要求，发还给他，但最终也未能要回他的奥林匹
克奖牌。从1926年直 到1953年世，他过着贫穷、寂寞、不幸的生活。

But in 1950 the Associated Press held a poll to determine the outstanding athlete of the
half-century. Despite his loss of the Olympic gold medals and a sad decline in fortune during his
later years, Thorpe was almost unanimously chosen the greatest athlete of modern times.
1950年，
美联社举行民意测验以确 定半个世纪中最杰出的运动员。尽管索普失去了奥林匹克金牌，晚年境遇凄楚，
人们依然几乎一致地推选 他为现代最伟大的运动员。


New Words
jam
v. fill or block up (the way) by crowding; (cause to ) be packed, pressed, or crushed tightly into a
small space 堵塞；（使）塞满
platform

n. a raised flat surface built along the side of the track at a railway station for travellers getting
on or off a train 月台
await
vt. wait for; look forward to
track
n. a course for running or racing; track-and-field sports, esp. those performed on a running
track 跑道；径赛运动；田径运动
field
n. an area, esp. circled by a track where contests such as in jumping or throwing are held; the
sports contested in this area 田赛场地；田赛运动
squad
n. a small group of persons working, training, or acting together; the smallest military unit,
usually made up of eleven men and a squad leader 小队；班
charge
vi rush in or as if in an attack 向前冲；冲锋
Marine
n. a member of the U.S. Marine Corps （美国）海军陆战队士兵或军官
battalion
n. military unit made up of several companies 营
broad
a. wide, large across 宽的，广阔的
nope
ad. (AmE sl.) no
compete
vi. take part in a race, contest, etc.' try to win sth. in competition with sb. else 比赛；竞争
sprint
n. short race; dash 短跑
vi. run at one's fastest speed, esp. for a short distance
hurdle
n. a light frame for people or horses to jump over in a race 栏；跳栏
broad(-) jump
n.& vi. (AmE) (do) a long jump 跳远
javelin
n. light spear for throwing (usu. in sport) 标枪
shot
n. the heavy metal ball used in the shot put 铅球
tribe
n. 部落
descendant
n. a person descended from another or from a common stock 子孙；后裔
warrior
n. a man who fights for his tribe; a soldier or experienced fighter 斗士，勇士；（老）战士
colorful
a. full of color; exciting the senses or imagination 艳丽的；丰富多彩的

hunt
v. go after (wild animals) for food or sport; search (for) 追猎，打猎；搜寻
outdoorsman
n. a man, such as a hunter, fisherman, or camper, who spends much time outdoors for pleasure
deny
vt. say that (sth.) is not true; refuse to give 否认；拒绝给予
destine
vt. (usu. passive) intend or decide by fate; intend for some special purpose 命中注定；预定
farmland
n. land used or suitable for farming 农田
teens
n. the period of one's life between and including the ages of 13 and 19
prominence
n. the quality or fact of being prominent or distinguished 凹出；杰出
prominent
a.杰出的 卓越的
excel
vi. be very good (in or at sth) 突出，超常
wrestling
n. a sport or contest in which each of two opponents tries to throw or force the other to the
ground 摔跤（运动）
wrestle
v.摔跤 使劲搬动
lacrosse
n. 长曲棍球（运动）
football
n. 橄榄球（运动）
power
n. a person, group or nation that has authority or influence 握有大权的人物；有影响的机构；
强国
halfback
n. (橄榄球、足球等）前卫
incredible
a. too extraordinary to be believed, unbelievable 难以置信的
coach
n. a person who trains sportsmen for games, competitions, etc. 教练
demonstrate
vt. explain by carrying out experiments or by showing examples 用实验或实例说明；演示
maneuver
n. a skillful move or trick, intended to deceive, to gain sth., to escape, or to do sth. 机动动作；
策略；花招
opponent
n. a person who is on the other side in a fight, game, or discussion 对手；反对者
trample

vt. step heavily with the feet on; crush under the feet 踩；践踏
punch
vt. strike (sb. or sth.) hard with the fist 用拳猛击
Olympic
a. of or connected with the Olympic Games
limber
v. make or become flexible （使）变得柔软灵活 可塑的
bunk
n. a narrow bed fixed on the wall, e.g. of a cabin in a ship or in a train 床铺，铺位
hammock
n. a hanging bed of canvas or rope network, e.g. as used by sailors, or in gardens （帆布或网状）
吊床
strain
vi. make violent efforts; strive hard 尽力，使劲
demanding
a. making severe demands 要求高的；苛求的
pentathlon
n. an athletic contest in which each contestant takes part in five events 五项运动
competition
n. competing; contest; match
discus
n. a heavy, circular plate of rubber, plastic or wood with a metal rim 铁饼
decathlon
n. an athletic contest consisting of ten events 十项运动
shot put
n. a competition to throw a heavy metal ball the furthest distance 推铅球
utterly
ad. completely; totally
utter
a.全然的 绝对的
breeze
vi. move or go quickly and in a carelessly confident way 轻快地行动
flop
vi. move or bounce loosely 扑动
flash
vi. give out sudden, brief light or flame; shine or gleam 闪光；闪烁
glide
vi. move in a smooth continuous manner which seems easy and without effort 滑动，滑行
feat
n. an act showing great skill, strength, or daring; a remarkable deed, notable esp. for courage
武功；技艺；功绩
glory
n. high fame and honour won by great achievements; sth. deserving respect and honour 光荣，
荣誉；荣誉的事

banquet
n. a dinner for many people, at which speeches are made, in honour of a special person or
occasion 宴会
ruling
n. an official decision 裁决
Olympic
n. Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会
professional
a. done by, played by, or made up of people who are paid 职业的
n. a person who lives on the money he earns by practising a particular skill or sport 以特定职
业谋生的人
amateur
n. a person playing a game, taking part in sports, etc. without receiving payment 业余爱好者
a. of, by, or with amateurs; not paid lacking skill 业余的
technically
ad. in technical terms; in a technical sense; according to fixed rules 技术上；按规则
trophy
n. a prize given for winning a race, competition, or test of skill 奖品
runner-up
n. a player or team that comes second in a contest 亚军
heartbreaking
a. causing great sorrow or grief; extremely distressing 令人心碎的
league
n. a group of sports clubs or teams that play matches among themselves 联赛协会
spectacular
a. strikingly grand or unusual 壮观的；惊人的
season
n. the period of time during which a sport is played 赛季
youthful
a. young; having the qualities of young people
indifference
n. absence of interest or feeling 不关心，冷漠
indifferent
a.无关紧要的
periodically
ad. at regular intervals, every now and then
outstanding
a. much better than most others; very good 杰出的
despite
prep. in spite of
decline
n. losing of power, strength, wealth, or beauty; falling to a lower level 衰落；下降
unanimously
a. with complete agreement; without a single opposing vote 一致地；无异议地区性

Phrase & Expressions
track and field
the sport or athletic events, such as running, jumping and weight throwing performed on a
running track and on the adjacent field 田径运动
play a joke on sb.
do sth. to make other people laugh at someone 同某人开玩笑
put……out of action
stop„working, make„unfit for a typical activity 使停止工作；使不再起作用；使失去战斗力
limber up
make the muscles stretch easily by exercise, esp. before violent exercise(比赛等前)做准备活动
take part in
have a share or part in; join in 参加
breeze through
proceed with effortlessly in a carefree manner 轻而易举地完成
in one's hono(u)rin
向„„表示敬意；为庆祝„„；为纪念„„
catch up with
have the expected ill effect or result on 对„„产生预期恶果

Proper Names
Thorpe 索普
Lafayette College 拉斐德学院
Carlisle Indian School 卡尔印第安人学校
Prague 布拉格（文中指美国地名）
Oklaboma 俄国拉何马（美国州名）
Sac and Fox 印第安人部落之一
Black Hawk 黑隼（印第安人首领名）
pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚（美国州名）
Pittsburgh 匹兹堡（美国城市）
Penn (short for) Pennsylvania
Pop Warner 波伯.沃纳
Sweden 瑞典
Gustav V 古斯塔夫五世
William Howard Taft 威谦.霍华德.塔夫脱
Stockholm 斯德哥尔摩（瑞典首都）
the Associated Press 联合通讯(简称美联社)(美国通讯社名)


Unit 5

Text
Is it ever proper for a medical doctor to lie to his patient? Should he tell a patient he is dying?
These questions seem simple enough, but it is not so simple to give a satisfactory answer to them.

Now a new light is shed on them.
医生可以对病人撒谎吗医生应该告诉病人他已经病入膏 肓了吗这些问
题看起来很简单，但是要给出令人满意的回答却并不那么简单。这里给了他们一线光明。< br>
TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE -- THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMA

撒谎还是不撒谎-- 医生的难题

Sissela Bok
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients -- to speed recovery or to conceal the approach
of death?
为了对病人有好处-- 为了加快病人康复或不让病人知道死亡的来临--医生到底该不该撒谎。
In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often
seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of
secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.
医疗行业与法律、政府及其他行业一
样，往往显得对诚实与否的问题不那 么看重，要紧的倒是另外的一些事情，譬如，应设法避免可怕的消息
造成的打击，或是应考虑恪守保密的 诺言，或是需要揭露腐败行为或促进公众利益等。

What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical
checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is
found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months?
举例说吧。一个46岁
的男子，在与家人外出度假之前进行常规体格 检查，虽然他自我感觉良好，但医生发现他患了某种癌症，6
个月内就会死去。
Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the
gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?
这时，
医生该怎么对他讲呢是不是最好对他讲实话要是他问起检查结果， 医生该不该否认他得了病该不该将病情
的严重性缩小到最低限度该不该将真情至少隐瞒到他全家度假之后 ？

Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for
the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
医生们常常面
临这样的非常紧迫的选择。他们不时认为，为了病人自身的利益，撒 谎很有必要，在他们看来，这种谎言
与利己的谎言截然不同。

Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the
truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they
may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
研究结果表明，大多
数医生深 信身患重病的人不想知道他们的真实病情，如果将真情相告，则有可能 使他们完全失去希望，结
果使他们恢复得更慢或恶化得更快，甚至会自寻短见。
As one physician wrote: ded by a precept
that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do
no harm.'
正如一位内科医生写道：“我们这个职业，传统上恪守一条信条，那就是 '尽可能不造成伤害'，
这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话的美德”。

Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they
assume will no harmand may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable
placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to
the incurably ill and the dying.
有了这样一个指导原则，一些医生可能渐渐习惯于采用他们认为对病人
很可能有益而“无害”的骗人做法。他们可能开出无数帖安慰剂，说一些没有事实根据的打气的话，并歪
曲严重的病情，对那些患有不治之症和濒临死亡的病人，则尤其如此。

But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be
documented.
然而，现在开始有人提出证据，说明这种欺骗旨在给病人带来好处的说法是虚幻的。
Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of
patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn

that they have been misled.
研 究结果表明，与许多医生的想法相反，绝大多数病人确实想知道真实情
况，甚至是严重的病情。当他们了 解到医生没有对他们讲真话的时候，他们感到自己被玩弄了。
We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with
illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.

我们还获悉，将真实情况妥当地告诉病人，能帮助他们与病魔作斗争，有助 于他们更好地忍受疼痛，减少
用药，甚至在手术后更快地康复。

Not only do lies not provide the hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they
invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning
their own health, including the choice of whether to be patient in the first place.
谎言不仅不能提
供鼓吹“仁慈”欺骗的人们所希望的那种 “帮助”，它还侵犯了病人的个人自由，使他们不能对有关自己健
康的问题作出明达的选择，包括要不要 就医这一首要的选择。
We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness
when information is denied or distorted.
我们越来越意识到，病人发病期间，在不知病情或未被如实
地告知病情 的情况下，他们会遭到什么样的不幸。

Dying patients especially -- who are easies to mislead and most often kept in the dark -- can then
not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or
have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how
they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.
特别是濒临死亡的病人--他们最易受骗也最会
被人蒙在鼓里-- 因此而不能作出临终前的种种有关抉择: 是否要住进医院，或进行手术，在何处与何人度过
所剩下的一 点时间，以及如何处理完自己的事务而后与世长辞。
Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their
credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well.
谎言也伤害说谎的人，损害他们的 诚实，并最终损害他们
的信誉。谎言还伤害他们的同事。由于病人 怀疑有欺骗行为，许多对病人十分开诚布公的医生的工作也因
此受到影响。
The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest
with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of
injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.
病人的不信任使医疗诉讼案增多，造成医生避免风险的
“防御性诊治 ”增多，而这些又进而有损于整个医疗事业。

Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers.
剧烈的冲突正在出现。病
人开始学会催问真实情况。
Patients' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives
for treatment.
根据病人应享有的权利的规定，医生应将病情和可供选择的治疗方案通告病人。
Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most
eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices.
许多医
生尽可能向病人提供这些情况。然而，即使在对病人的权益考虑 得最周到的医院里，信奉“仁慈”欺骗的
医生们继续他们传统的古老做法。
Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take
part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.
同事们也许不赞同，但
避免公开表示反对。护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝 ，但要抵制却感到无能
为力。

There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as
well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem
avoidable only through deception.
及时对这个问题进 行公开辩论非常必要。不仅在医疗业，而且在其
他行业，从业者不断发现，自己常处于似乎不采用欺骗手 段就无法避免严重后果的困难处境。

Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are
peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, nor
in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, you
don't know can't hurt you.
但是公众完全有理由对职业性欺骗保持警惕，因为这种做法特别容易 变得根
深蒂固，蔓延滋长，并损害信任。无论医疗界、法律界、政府机构还是社会科学界，都不应从“不 知者，
不为所害”这句老话中得到丝毫慰藉。

New Words
dilemma
n. a situation in which one has to make a choice between two equally unsatisfactory things; a
difficult choice 窘境，进退两难
benefit
vt. do good to 有益于
recovery
n. the process or fact of getting back to a former state of good health; the state of recovering or
being recoverd 痊愈；复得
conceal
vt. hide, keep from being seen or known 隐瞒
line
n. a business, profession, trade, etc. 行业
dwarf
vt. cause to appear small by comparison 使矮小，使相形见绌
n. a person, animal, or plant of much less than the usual size 矮小；矮小的动（植）物
shelter
vi. take shelter; find protection 躲避
vt. provide shelter for; protect 掩蔽；庇护
brutal
a. cruel, severe残忍的
uphold
vt. support 支撑；维护
secrecy
n. the practice of keeping secrets; the state of being secret
expose
vt. disclose; leave uncovered or unprotected 揭露；暴露
corruption
n. dishonesty; immoral behaviour 腐化，道德败坏
promote
vt. help to grow or develop; raise in rank, condition, or importance 促进，推进；提升
checkup
n. a general medical examination
minimize
vt. reduce to the smallest possible amount or degree
gravity
n. the quality of being serious critical 严重性

confront
vt. meet face to face; oppose （勇敢地）面对；对抗
urgently
ad. in an urgent manner 紧急地，急迫地
urgent
a. 紧急的，急迫的
self-serving
a. serving one's own interests; seeking advantage for oneself 利已的
recover
vi. get well; get back to a normal condition
deteriorate
v. (cause to ) become worse （使）恶化
suicide
n. the act of killing oneself
physician
n. a doctor of medicine 内科医生
traditionally
ad. by tradition; in a traditional manner
precept
n. a rule of moral conduct; maxim 戒律；格言
transcend
vt. rise above or go beyond the limits of; surpass 超越
virtue
n. goodness or moral excellence; a good quality 美德；优点
utter
vt. speak; give out发声 做出
deceptive
a. deceiving or misleading; meant to deceive
innumerable
a. too many to be counted
placebo
n. substance given instead of real medicine to a patient for psychological effect 安慰剂
warrant
vt. justify; authorize; guarantee 使有（正当）理由；授权（给）；担保
distort
vt. give a false account of; twist out of the usual shape 歪曲；弄歪
grave
a. serious; requiring careful consideration 严重的；严肃的
incurably
ad. beyond cure
illusory
a. deceptive and unreal; based on an illusion 虚幻的
deception
n. deceiving or being deceived; a trick intended ot deceive 欺骗；诡计

document
vt. prove or support with documents 用文件证明
contrary
a. completely different or wholly opposed 相反的；对抗的
overwhelming
a. too many, too great, or too much to be resisted 势不可挡的；压倒之势的
betray
vt. be unfaithful to; deceive 背叛
truthful
a. true
humanely
ad. tenderly, kind-heartedly 仁爱地；人道地
tolerate
vt. allow or endure with protest 容忍
advocate
n. person who speaks for an idea, way of life, etc. 拥护者，倡导者
benevolent
a. intending or showing good will, kindly, friendly 仁慈的
invade
vt. enter (a country) with armed forces in order to attack; violate, interfere with 侵犯
autonomy
n. (the right of) self-government; freedom to determine one's own actions, behavior, etc. 自治
（权）；自主
render
vt. cause to be致使 给与补偿
informed
a. having knowledge or information; having and using suitable knowledge 了解情况的;有见识的
concerning
prep. about, with regard to
increasingly
ad. more and more all time
befall( befell, befallen)
vt. (use. sth. bad ) happen to (sb.) 降临到„„头上
integrity
n. honesty or sincerity; wholeness 诚实，正直；完整
credibility
n. the quality of being believable; trustworthiness 可靠性；可信
colleague
n. an associate; fellow worker or member of a profession or organization 同事
suspicion
n. doubt; mistrust 怀疑
deceit
n. deception; a dishonest trick 欺骗
undercut

vt. undermine; weaken 暗中破坏；削弱
scrupulously
ad. carefully; conscientiously 一丝不苟地
spiral
n. a curved shape which winds round; a continuous and expanding increase or decrease 螺旋
（形）；盘旋上升（或下降）
lawsuit
n. a noncriminal case in a court of law 诉讼（案件）
injure
vt. cause physical harm to; damage
arise (arose)
vi. move or go upward; come into existence 上升；出现
bill
n. 法案；议案；账单
alternative
n. a choice between two or more things; any of the things to be chosen 抉择;可供选择的东西
treatment
n. a substance or method used in treating someone medically 治疗；疗法
eloquent
a. having the power of expressing one's feeling or thoughts with grace and force 雄辩的
disapprove
vt. consider not good or not suitable; have or express an opinion against 不赞成
refrain
vi. hold oneself back; keep oneself (from doing sth.) 忍住；戒除
object
vi. be against sth. or sb. 反对
objection
n. 反对
bitterly
ad. sharply severely
deceive
vt. cause (sb.) to believe sth. that is false 欺骗
debate
vt. argue about (sth.) in an effort to persuade other people 辨论
issue
n. a question that arises for discussion 问题；争端
practitioner
n. a professional man, esp. in medicine or in law 开业者（尤指医生、律师等）
consequence
n. result; importance 后果；重要性
avoidable
a. that can be prevented from happening
wary
a. cautious; in the habit of looking out for possible danger or trouble 谨慎的；谨防的

erode
vt. wear away; eat into 腐蚀
saying
n. a well- known wise statement; proverb 格言；谚语

Phrases & Expressions
go on (a trip, vacation)
depart for the purpose of
at times
occasionally; now and then 间或；有时
in one's eyes
in one's opinion
for one's (own) sake
for one's own benefit 为了某人自己的利益
slip into
fall into; enter (esp. through carelessness) 陷入
contrary to
opposite to; despite
in the first place
firstly
in the course of during
during
in the dark
uninformed; ignorant 不知情，蒙在鼓里
bring to a close
end 结束，终止
take leave (of)
say goodbye (to)
in the long run
in the end; ultimately 从长远的观点看；最终
go to great lengths
do anything possible, however dangerous, unpleasant, wicked, etc. 不遗余力
refrain from
not do, stop
day after day
each day
take a one's stand
declare one's position, loyalty, opinions, etc., and be prepared to fight (for these opinions, etc.)表
明立场、意见等



Unit 6

Text

But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn't preserve its
physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in the true
sense of the word and make it a part of yourself.
“不要在书上做记号！”无数教师、图书管理员和家长都曾这样建议。但是莫蒂默• 艾德勒并不同意。 他认
为只要你拥有这本书而且不需要保护它的外观，做记号将会让你真正意义上拥有这本书并且使它成为 你的
一部分。怎样在书上做记号

HOW TO MARK A BOOK

Mortimer J. Adler
You know you have to read the linesto get the most out of anything. I want to
persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to
persuade you to between the you do, you are not likely to do the most
efficient kind of reading.
你知道读书要“深入字里行间”，以求最充分的理解。我劝你在读书过程中做一件同样重要的事情。我想劝你“在字里行间写字”。不这样做，你的读书就不可能是最有效的。

You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books
expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness
of marking books, you will have to buy them.
你不应该在不是你自己的书上做记号。借给你书的图书管
理员 (或你的朋友) 希望你保持书的整洁，再说你也应该这样做。如果你认为我说的在书上做记号颇有益处
这番话是对的话，你就得自己买书。
There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by
paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture.
一个人拥有书的方法有两种，第一种是花钱取
得财产所有权，就像你花钱买衣服和家具一样。
But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you
have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.

但花钱买书只是占有它的前奏。只有在你将它化为你自己的一部分之后，你才完全占有 了它。而把你自己
变为书的一部分的最好方法就是在书中写字。

An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's
icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you
consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in
your bloodstream to do you any good.
打个比方也 许可以把这一点说清楚。你买下一块牛排，把它从肉
铺的冰箱里转移到你的冰箱中。但从最重要的意义上 来说，你还没有占有它，除非你吃下它并将它吸收进
你的血液之中。我的论点是，书的营养也只有在被吸 收进你的血液中时，才能对你有所裨益。


There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -- unread,
untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.)
书籍拥有者可以分为三种。第一种
人藏有全部标准的成套书和畅销书-- 既没有读过，也没有碰过。(这位占有的只是纸浆和油墨，而不是书。)
The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but
all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to
make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.)
第二种人
藏书很多--有几本从头至尾读过，大部分浅尝辄止，但全都跟新买时一样整洁光亮。 （此君很可能想使书真
的为其所有，但因错误地过分关注书籍的外观而裹足不前。）

The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and
loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)

第三种人藏书或多或少--因不断使用，每本书都弄成书角卷起， 破旧不堪，装订破损，书页松散，全书从扉
页至末页画满了记号，涂满了字句。（此人是书的真正拥有者 。）

Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound
edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of
my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue.
你
或许会问，将一本印刷精美、装帧雅致的书保存完好，难道也是不恰当的吗当然不是。我决不会在一本初
版的《失乐园》上乱涂乱写，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一盒蜡笔交给我的婴孩任意涂抹一样! 我
决不会在一幅油画或一尊塑像上画记号。

Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly
manufactured volume is like that of painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding
or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.
可以
说，它们的灵魂与其躯体是不可分开的。一部珍本或一本装帧华 美的书的美，同一幅油画或一尊塑像的美
是一样的。如果你对华美的装帧或印刷的尊重妨碍你读书，那就 买一种便宜的版本，将你的敬意献给作者。

Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean
merely conscious; I mean wide awake.)
为什么在书上做记号对阅读是必不可少的呢？首先，它会使你
保持清醒。（我不是仅仅指它让你神 志清醒；我的意思是它能使你全神贯注。）

In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in
words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book.
其次，如果阅读
是一种能动的行为，那么它就 是思考，而思考常常需借助口头的或书面的语言来表达。作了记号的书，通
常是读者认真思考过的书。
Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.
Let me develop these three points.
最后，写可以帮助你记住你阅读时的思想，或作者所表达的思想。
让我进一步就这三点谈一谈。


If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. you can't let your
eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read.
如果阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那就应该是一种积极的思维活动。 仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，
你就不可能对所读的内容有所理解。
Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say,
active kind of reading.
当然，一部普通的消遣小说，譬如说《飘》，并不需要那种最积极的思维式的阅读。
The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a
great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental
questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.
作为消遣的书，可以轻松地
读而不会有所失 。但一本思想丰富、文字华美，试图提出带根本性的重大问题并加以回答的伟大著作，则
要求你尽可能地 进行最积极的阅读。
You don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You
have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you're asleep.
你不能像欣赏瓦利先生的低声吟唱
那样，学到约翰• 杜威的思想。你得花费气力方可获得。漫不经心是做不到这一点的。

If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you

read actively.
如果当你读完一本书的时候，书页上写满了你的批注，你就知道你的阅读是积极的了。
The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of
Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know.
我所知道的最< br>有名的采用积极方式阅读伟大著作的人，是芝加哥大学的校长哈钦斯。他也是我所知道的公务最繁忙的人。
He invariably read with pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the
evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls caviar
factoriesdown. He knows he's too tired
to read, and he's just wasting time.
他读书时总是拿着铅笔。有时 ，当他在晚上拿起书和铅笔的时候，发
觉自己不是在做有意义的笔记，而是在页边空白处画些他称之为“ 鱼子酱工厂”的东西，一出现这种情况，
他就放下书本。他知道自己太累，读不下去了，完全是在浪费时 间。
But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand,
brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your
memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the
questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those
questions.
但是，你或许会问，写有何必要呢要知道，亲手书写的动作会使词语和 句子更加鲜明地呈现在
你的脑海里，更好地储存在你的记忆中。将你对所读的重要词语和句子的感受写下 来，将它们在你脑子里
引起的问题记下来，就可以将这些感受长久保存下来，并可以使那些问题更加明确 起来。
You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement,
disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It's like resuming an interrupted conversation with the
advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.
当你下周或来年重新拿起这本书的时候，你的各
种观 点，同意的、反对的、怀疑的、质询的，统统一目了然。这如同谈话一度被打断，现在又可以在上次
停下 的地方接着谈下去了。
And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author.
Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you'll have the proper
humility as you approach him.
读书就该这么个读法: 你同作者应进行对话。很可能作者在有关的问题上
比你懂得多，你接近 他的时候表示适度的谦恭是很自然的。
But don't let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end.
Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn't consist in being an empty receptacle. The
learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher,
once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of
your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author.
但不要 轻信他人，以为读者只有全盘接
受的份儿。理解是一种双向活动。学习并不是往空的容器中装东西。学生 应当向自己也向教师提问题。一
旦理解了教师所讲的内容，他甚至还得与教师展开争论。而在书上做记号 ，实际上就是表达你赞同或不赞
同作者观点的一种方式。

There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here's the way I
do it:
在书上做记号，有各种各样好的、行之有效的方法。现将我的做法叙述如下:

1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements.
在文字下面划线: 划出主要论
点及重要的或者有力的论述。

2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined.
在页边空白处划竖线:
强调已划线的论述部分。

3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emphasize the ten or
twenty most important statements in the book.
在页边空白处画五星或六星记号，或其他小符号: 这
种记号宜珍惜着用。可用来强调书中十处或二 十处最重要的论述。

4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes in developing a

single argument.
在页边空白处写数字: 标明作者展开一个论据的各点顺序。

5. Number of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made
points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be
separated by many pages, belong together.
在页边空处写其他页的页码: 标明作者在本书其他地方所
写的与本论点有关的论点，也可以 通过这一办法将书中虽分散各处，但密切有关的观点联系起来。

6. Circling of key words or phrases.
在关键字眼或短语上画圆圈。

7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions
(and perhaps answers) which a passage raise in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to
a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book.
在页边空白处
或上下两端加批注: 其目的是记下某段文章在你脑子里引起的问题 (也许还有答案)；简要记下复杂的论述；
记录贯串全书的一系列的重要论点。

I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author's points in
the order of their appearance.
我利用书末的衬页将作者的观点按出现的先后 次序编成一个索引。

The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy
bookplate, I reserve them for fancy thinking.
书前的衬页对我来说是最重要 的。有些人将它们留作贴花
哨的藏书票用。我将它们留作奇思异想的天地。
After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I
turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I've already
done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts.
This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the work.
在我读完一本书并在卷尾衬页
上做好我的个人索引之后，我便翻到卷 首，试着将全书作一概述，不是逐页地或逐点地进行（那个我在卷
尾已经做了），而是作为一个整体，基 本上前后连贯，各部分排列有序。对我来说，这个概述表明了我对该
著作理解的程度。


New Words
persuade
vt. cause (sb.) to do sth. by reasoning, arguing, etc. 说服，劝服
librarian
n. 图书馆管理员
property
n. (collectively) things owned; possessions 财产
prelude
n. action, event, etc. that serves as an introduction 序幕；前奏曲
possession
n. possessing; ownership; (pl.) property 拥有；所有权；财产
ownership
n. the possessing (of sth.); right of possessing 所有（权）
illustration
n. an example which explains the meaning of sth.; an explanatory picture, diagram, etc. 例；图
例；插图
beefsteak
n. 牛排
transfer
vt. hand over the possession of (property, etc.); change officially from one position, etc. to

another 转移；调动
butcher
n. a person who kills, cuts up and sells animals for food 屠夫
icebox
n. a box where food is kept cool with blocks of ice; (AmE) refrigerator
bloodstream
n. the blood as it flows through the blood vessels of the body 血流
absorb
vt. take or such in (liquids); take in (knowledge, ideas, etc.)吸收
best-seller
n. book that is sold in very large numbers 畅销书
individual
n. any one human being ( contrasted with society ) 个人
woodpulp
n. 木（纸）浆
dip
v. plunge or be plunged quickly or briefly into a liquid, esp. to wet or coat 浸；蘸
shiny
a. giving off light as if polished; bright 发亮的
restrain
vt. prevent; control; hold back 抑制；控制，约束
dogeared
a. (of a book) having the corners of the pages bent down with use, like a dog's ears(书页)卷角的
dilapidated
a. (of things) broken and old; falling to pieces 破旧的；倾坍的
loosen
v. make or become loose or looser （使）松开
continual
a. repeated; frequent 不断的；频繁的
scribble
v. write hastily or carelessly; write meaningless marks on paper, etc. 潦草书写；乱涂
preserve
vi. keep safe from harm of danger 保护；保存
intact
a. untouched; undamaged 完整无损的
elegantly
ad. beautifully; gracefully 优美地；雅致地
elegant
a. 优美的；雅致的
bind (bound)
vt. tie or fasten with a rope, etc.; fasten together sheets of (a book) and enclose within a cover
捆，绑；装订（书）
edition
n. form in which a book is published; total number of copies (of a book, newspaper, etc.) issued

from the same types （书等的）版本；版
paradise
n. the Garden of Eden; Heaven 伊甸园；天堂
crayon
n. 蜡笔； 颜色笔
original
a. of or relating to an origin or beginning; being the first instance or source from which a cop
can be made 最初的；原著的；原创作者的
painting
n. a painted picture; picture
statue
n. an image of a person or animal in wood, stone, bronze, etc. 雕像
inseparable
a. impossible to separate from one another
manufacture
vt. make, produce on a large scale by machinery 制造；（大量）生产
magnificent
a. splendid; remarkable 华丽的；宏伟的
indispensable
a. absolutely essential or necessary 必不可少的
conscious
a. aware; able to feel and think 有意识的；神志清醒
understanding
n. knowledge of the nature of sth., based esp. on learning or experience 理解
fiction
n. (branch of literature concerned with) stories, novels and romances 小说
croon
vi. sing gently in a low soft voice, usu. with much feeling 低声吟唱
reader
n. person who reads
invariably
ad. unchangeable; constantly 不变地；始终如一地
intelligent
a. having or showing a high degree of powers of reasoning or understanding 聪明的
caviar(e)
n. 鱼子酱
sharpen
v. become or make sharp(er)
disagreement
n. the fact or a case of disagreeing; lack of similarity 分歧；不一致
disagree
vi. 不同意
inquiry
n. question; asking 询问

resume
vt. go on after stopping for a time （中断后）重新开始
naturally
ad. of course; as one could have expected
humility
n. humble condition or state of mind 谦卑
solely
ad. not including anything else or any others; only
sole
a.单独的 唯一的
receptacle
n. a container for keeping things in 容器
literally
ad. actually; virtually 确实地；简直
fruitfully
ad. productively; with good results 富有成果地
fruitful
a. 富有成果的
underline
vt. draw a line under (a word, etc.) esp. to show importance 在„„下划线（表示强调）
forceful
a. strong; powerful
vertical
a. 垂直的
emphasize
vt. call attention to; stress 强调
asterisk
n. a starlike mark used to call attention to sth. 星号（即*）
doo- dad
n. (informal) a fancy, trifling ornament 小装饰物
sparingly
ad. economically; frugally 节约地
sequence
n. succession; connected line of events, ideas, etc. 顺序；连续；一连串
relevant
a. connected with what is being discussed; appropriate 有关的；适宜的
phrase
n. 短语
end-paper
n. (often pl.) a piece of blank paper stuck inside the cover at the beginning or end of a book 衬页
index
n. 索引
fancy
a. not ordinary; brightly coloured 别致的；花哨的

bookplate
n. a piece of paper with the owner's name, usu. pasted to the inside front cover of a book藏书票
integrate
vt. put or bring together (parts) into a whole 使成一整体
structure
n. way in which sth. is put together, organized, etc.; framework or essential parts of a building
结构
basic
a. essential; fundamental 主要的；基本的
unity
m. an arrangement of parts to form a complete whole; the state of being united 总体布局；统一

Phrases & Expressions
read between the lines
(fig.) find more meaning than the words appear to express 体会字里行间的言外之意
do(sb.) good
help or benefit (sb.) 帮助（某人）；对（某人）有益
dip into
read or study for a short time or without much attention 浏览；稍加探究
no more……than……
in no greater degree……than……
a set of
a number of (thing that belong together) 一套
so to speak say
(used as an apology for an unusual use of a word or phrase) as one might say; if I may use this
expression, etc. 可以说；容许我打个譬喻
get in the way
become a nuisance or hindrance 挡道；碍事
in the second place
as the second thing in order or importance 第二，其次
think through
think about until one reaches an understanding or conclusion 彻底全面考虑
reach for
stretch out one's hand to grasp; make an effort to grasp 伸手去抓；努力争取
set down
write down on paper
pick up
start again after interruption 中断后重新开始
leave off
stop
consist in
lie in; be equivalent to 在于；存在于
tie up
connect closely; fasten with rope, etc. 系紧；捆牢

reduce……to
state in a more concise form; summarize as 把„„归纳为

Proper Names
Rembrandt 伦勃朗（姓氏）
Dewey 杜威（姓氏）
Vallee 瓦利（姓氏）
Hutchins 哈钦斯
Chicago 芝加哥（美国城市）


Unit 7

Text
A young man finds it very difficult to say no to a woman as a result he gets into trouble. The
restaurant to which he has agreed to take his luncheon date is far too expensive for his small
pocketbook. How, then, will he be able to avoid the embarrassing situation?
一个年轻人发觉很难拒
绝一位女士，他因此 陷入了困境。他同意进行午餐聚会的那家餐厅对他可怜的荷包来说实在太昂贵了。那
么怎样他才能避免这 种尴尬的处境呢
THE LUNCHEON
午餐

et Maugham

I caught sight of her at the play, and in answer to her beckoning I went over during the interval
and sat down beside her.
我是在看戏的时候见到她的。幕间休息时，我应她的招呼走了过去，在她旁边
坐下。
It was long since I had last seen her, and if someone had not mentioned her name I hardly think I
would have recognised her. She addressed me brightly.
我上次见到她已是很久以前的事了，要不是有
人提起她的名字，我想我几 乎会认不出她来。她兴致勃勃地跟我谈了起来。


Do you remember the first time I saw you? You asked me to luncheon.
“瞧，自从我们初次相见已
经好多年了。真是光阴似箭啊!我俩都不年轻啦。你还记得我初次见到你吗 你请我吃的午餐。”
Did I remember?
我能不记得吗？

It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin Quarter
overlooking a cemetery, and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together.
那是20年前的事了，当时我住在巴黎。我在拉丁区租了一套小小的公寓，从那里 往下看去是一个公墓。我
挣的钱只够勉强维持生活。
She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and
presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would
like to have a chat with me; but her time was limited, and the only free moment she had was on
the following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg and would I give her a
little luncheon at Foyot's afterwards?
她读过 我的一本书，并曾跟我写信谈论该书。我回信向她致谢。
随即我又收到她的一封信，说她路过巴黎，想跟 我谈谈。但她的时间有限，只有下个星期四有空。那天上
午，她要去卢森堡宫，问我是不是愿意中午请她 在福伊约餐厅吃顿便饭。

Foyot's is a restaurant at which the French senators eat, and it was so far beyond my means that I
had never even thought of going there. But I was flattered, and I was too young to have learned
to say no to a woman. (Few men, I may add, learn this until they are too old to make it of any
consequence to a woman what they say.)
福伊约餐厅是法国参议员光顾的地方，去那 儿吃饭远远超过
我的经济能力，所以以前连想都没有想过。但我当时受宠若惊，况且年纪太轻，还没有学 会对一位女士说
个“不”字。(附带说一句，没有几个男人学会这一招，而到他们学会时，往往年事已高 ，他们说什么对女
人来讲已无足轻重了。)
I had eight francs (gold francs) to last me the rest of the month, and a modest luncheon should
not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee for the next two weeks I could manage well enough.
我当月的生活费还有 80法郎 (金法郎)，一顿便餐花不了15法郎。如果我下两个星期不喝咖啡，还是满可
以对付过去的。
I answered that I would meet my friend -- by correspondence -- at Foyot's on Thursday at half
past twelve. She was not so young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than
attractive, she was, in fact, a woman of forty (a charming age, but not one that excites a sudden
and devastating passion at first sight), and she gave me the impression of having more teeth,
white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.
我回信说，我将于下星期
四十二点 半在福伊约餐厅会见我的朋友。她并不如我想象的那么年轻。她的外表与其说美貌动人，毋宁说
丰腴魁伟 ，气概非凡。事实上，她已有40岁了 (这是一个有魅力的年龄，但不是初次相见就能令你激情迸
发、 神魂颠倒的那种年纪)，长着一口洁白整齐的大牙齿，给我的印象是，其数目之多已超过了实际需要。
She was talkative, but since she seemed inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an
attentive listener.
她很健谈，不过因为她想谈的话题似乎总是关于我的事，所以我便洗耳恭听。

I was startled when the bill of fare was brought, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had
anticipated. But she reassured me.
菜单拿来时，我大吃一惊。价格比我预料的要高出许多。但她的话
使我宽了心。


“我午餐从不吃什么东西，”她说。


“哦，可别这么说!”我慷慨地回答。


I wonder if they have any salmon.
“我从来只吃一道菜。我认为现在人们吃得太多。或许来点鱼还行 。
我不知道他们有鲑鱼没有。”

Well, it was early in the year for salmon and it was not on the bill of fare, but I asked the waiter if
there was any. Yes, a beautiful salmon had just come in, it was the first they had had. I ordered it
for my guest. The waiter asked her if she would have something while it was being cooked.
啊，吃
鲑鱼 的季节还没有到，菜单上也没有，但是我还是问了侍者。有，刚刚进了一条头等鲑鱼，这是他们今年
第一 次进这种货。我为客人叫了一份。侍者问她在鲑鱼烹制的当儿，要不要吃点别的。

have a little caviare. I never
mind caviare.
“不要，”她回答说，“我向来只吃一道菜，除非你有鱼子酱。鱼子酱我是从不拒绝的。”

My heart sank a little. I knew I could not afford caviare, but I could not very well tell her that. I
told the waiter by all means to bring caviare. For myself I chose the cheapest dish on the menu
and that was a mutton chop.
我的心微微 一沉。我知道我是吃不起鱼子酱的，但我不便跟她直说，我吩
咐侍者务必拿鱼子酱来。我自己则点了菜单 上最便宜的一个菜，这就是羊排。



eating heavy things like chops. I don't believe in overloading my stomach.
“我看你吃肉是不明智

的，”她说。“我不知道你吃 了羊排这种油腻的东西后还怎么工作。我不赞成把肚子撑得太饱。”

Then came the question of drink.
接着而来的是饮料问题。


“我午餐从不喝饮料，”她说。


“我也是如此，”我马上答道。


so light. They're wonderful for the digestion.
“但白葡萄酒例外，”她接着说，就好 像我刚才没说似的。
“法国的白葡萄酒非常清淡，十分有助消化。”


“你想喝点什么”我依然客
气地问道，但算不上热情。

She gave me a bright and amicable flash of her white teeth.
她嫣然一笑，露出一口白牙。


“我的医生只让我喝香槟。”

I fancy I turned a trifle pale. I ordered half a bottle. I mentioned casually that my doctor had
absolutely forbidden me to drink champagne.
我猜想我的脸色一定有点发白了。我要了半瓶，顺便提
及我的医生绝对禁止我喝香槟酒。


“那你喝什么呢”


“水。”

She ate the caviare and she ate the salmon. She talked gaily of art and literature and music. But I
wondered what the bill would come to. When my mutton chop arrived she took me quite
seriously to task.
她吃了鱼子酱，又吃鲑鱼。她兴高采烈，大谈艺术、文学、音乐。但我心里却在嘀咕，
不知这顿饭要 花多少钱。当我的羊排上来时，她一本正经地教训起我来。


follow my example and just eat one thing? I'm sure you'd feel ever so much better for it.
“我看你
习惯中午吃得很多。我肯定这样不好，你为什么不效法我的样子，只吃一道菜呢我相信那样 你会感觉好得
多。”


“我是打算
只吃这一道菜，”我说。这时侍者又拿着菜单走了过来。

She waved him aside with an airy gesture.
她轻轻地一挥手，让他走开。


more as an excuse for conversation than anything else.
“我可不这样，我午 餐从不吃东西。要吃，也
只是稍许吃一点，从不多吃。而我吃这么一点，主要也是为了借此机会闲谈而已 。
I couldn't possibly eat anything more unless they had some of those giant asparagus. I should be
sorry to leave Paris without having some of them.
我可不能再吃什么东西了，除非他们有那种大芦笋。
到了巴黎，不吃点芦笋，那就太遗憾了。”

My heart sank. I had seen them in the shops, and I knew that they were horribly expensive. My
mouth had often watered at the sight of them.
我的心一沉。我曾在店里见过芦笋，我知道它贵得可怕。
过去我每见芦笋，常常馋涎欲滴。


“夫人想知
道你们有没有那种大芦笋，”我问侍者。

I tried with all my might too will him to say no. A happy smile spread over his broad, pries-like
face, and he assured me that they had some so large, so splendid, so tender, that it was a marvel.

我竭尽全力想使他说没有。他那张宽阔的教士般虔诚的脸上展露出愉快的笑容 ，他用肯定的语气对我说，
他们有又大、又好、又嫩的芦笋，简直是罕见的珍品。

not in the least hungry,my guest sighed, if you insist I don't mind having some
asparagus.
“我一点也不饿，”我的客人叹道，“不过如果你执意要请我吃，我也不反对吃点芦笋。”

I ordered them.
我便点了这道菜。


“你不吃点吗”


“不，我从不吃芦笋。”


eat.
“我知道有人不喜欢芦笋。事实是，你吃肉太多，伤了胃口。”

We waited for the asparagus to be cooked. Panic seized me. It was not a question now how much
money I should have left over for the rest of the month, but whether I had enough to pay the bill.

我们等着芦笋烹制好送上来。我突然惊恐起来。现在的问题已不是我还能 剩下几个钱来维持这个月的生计
了，而是我的钱够不够付账。

It would be embarrassing to find myself ten francs short and be obliged to borrow from my guest.
I could not bring myself to do that. I knew exactly how much I had, and if the bill came to more I
made up my mind that I would put my hand in my pocket and with a dramatic cry start up and
say it had been picked.
要是我差十法郎，不得不向客人借的话， 那就太难堪了。我可做不出那样的事来。
身边到底有多少钱，我心里有底，倘若账单超过了这个数字，我 就决心这么办：伸手往口袋里一摸，随即
故意惊叫一声，跳起来说钱给小偷扒了。

Of course, it would be awkward if she had not money enough either to pay the bill. Then the only
thing would be to leave my watch and say I would come back and pay later.
当然，如果她的钱也不够
付 账的话，那就尴尬了。那样，唯一的办法就是将我的手表留下，言明以后再来付。
The asparagus appeared. They were enormous, juicy, and appetising. I watched the wicked
woman thrust them down her throat in large mouthfuls, and in my polite way I spoke about the
condition of the drama in the Balkans. At last the finished.
芦笋 端上来了。又大汁又多，令人垂涎不
止。我一面看着这个邪恶的女人大口大口地将芦笋往肚里塞，一面彬 彬有礼地谈论着巴尔干半岛戏剧界的
现状。她终于吃完了。


“喝点咖啡”我说。


“好，就来一客冰淇淋和咖啡吧，”她回答说。

I was past caring now, so I ordered coffee for myself and an ice-cream and coffee for her.
到这时，
我什么也不在乎了，为自己叫了咖啡，为她叫了一客冰淇淋和咖啡。

in,said, as she ate the ice-cream.
should always get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more.
“你知道，我坚信一点，”她
边吃冰淇淋边说道。“当一个人吃完 一顿饭站起来时，他应该感到还没有吃得十分饱。”


“你还饿吗？”我有气无力地问道。


then dinner, but I never eat more than one thing for luncheon. I was speaking for you.
“噢，不，
我不饿。你知道，我不吃午餐。我早晨一杯 咖啡，然后到晚上用餐，但我午餐向来最多只吃一道菜。适才
我这样说是为了你啊。”


“哦，我明白啦!”
Then a terrible thing happened. While we were waiting for the coffee the head waiter, with an
ingratiating smile on his false face, came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge peaches.
They had the blush of an innocent girl; they had the rich tone of an Italian landscape.
接着，发生
了一件可怕的事情。当我们在等咖啡的时 候，那个领班侍者，带着满脸奉承的笑容，拎来满满一大篮子特
大的桃子，红得酷似天真少女的脸蛋，其 色调之瑰丽犹如一幅意大利风景画。
But surely peaches were not in season then? Lord knew what they cost. I knew too -- a little later,
for my guest, going on with her conversation, absentmindedly took one.
当时桃子肯定还没有到上
市季节，只有上帝晓得买它们得花多少价钱。不过很快我也 晓得了，因为我的客人一边说着话，一边心不

在焉地拿了一只。

filled your stomach with a lot of meatone miserable little chop --
you can't eat any more. But I've just had a snack and I shall enjoy a peach.
“你看，你已经塞了一
肚子肉，”--她是指我那可怜的一小块羊排 --“不能再吃什么了。而我只不过来了点小吃，我还可以再品尝
一只桃子。”

The bill came, and when I paid it I found that I had only enough for a quite inadequate tip.
账单来
了。付过账后，我发现剩下的钱连付点像样的小费都不够了。
Her eyes rested for an instant on the three francs I left for the waiter, and I knew that she thought
me mean. But when I walked out of the restaurant I had the whole month before me and not a
penny in my pocket.
她的目光在我留给侍者的三个法郎上停了一会 儿，我知道她会觉得我是个吝啬鬼。
可是等走出餐厅，我面临着的将是整整一个月的开销要支付，而口袋 里却分文俱无。

my example,she said as we shook hands, never eat more than one thing for
luncheon.
“你学学我，”她边握手边说道，“午餐顶多只吃一道菜。”


“我会做得更好，”我回敬道，
“我今晚什么也不吃了。”


“幽默家!”她得意洋洋地
大声说着，跳上了一辆马车。“你是个十足的幽默家!”

But I have had my revenge at last. I do not believe that I am a vindictive man, but when the
immortal gods take a hand in matter it is pardonable to observe the result with complacency.
Today she weighs twenty-one stone.
但是我终于报了 仇。我自认不是一个爱报复的人，但是竟连不朽
的众神也被触怒而干预其事时，我怀着心满意足的心情目 睹这个结局，想必也是可以原谅的了。现今她的
体重已达二十一英石(二百九十四磅)。


New Words
luncheon
n.& vi. (formal word for) lunch
beckon
vt. signal to (sb.) by a motion of the hand or head 向„„招手或点头示意
apartment
n. a single room; (AmE) flat or a set of rooms 房间；（美）一套公寓住房
Latin
a. 拉丁的 n. 拉丁文
quarter
n. division of a town, esp. one of a special class of people （都市的）区，街
overlook
vt. have a view of from above; fail to see or notice 俯视；忽略
presently
ad. soon; (AmE) at the present time 不久；（美）目前
chat
n., vi. (have) a friendly informal conversation 闲谈，聊天
senator
n. a member of a senate 参议员，上议员
means
n. money, income, or wealth, esp. large enough to afford all one needs 财富，资产

franc
n. the unit of money in France, Belgium. Switzerland, and some other countries 法郎
modest
a. not large in quantity, size, value, etc. 不太大的；适度的
imposing
a. impressive because of size, appearance, or dignity 仪表堂堂的；宏伟的
attractive
a. having the power to attract; pleasing 吸引人的；有魅力的
charming
a. very pleasing; fascinating 有魅力的
devastating
a. destructive; causing ruin; sweeping everything before it 毁灭性的；压倒一切的
passion
n. strong feeling or enthusiasm, esp. of love or anger 激情
impression
n. 印象
talkative
a. having the habit of talking a great deal; fond of talking 好说话的；健谈的
inclined
a. likely; tending(to); encouraged 有„„倾向的
attentive
a. listening carefully; doing acts to satisfy the needs of another 专注的；体贴的，殷勤的
startle
vt. give a shock of surprise to; cause to move of jump 使吃惊，使惊跳
fare
n. food, esp. as provided at a meal 食物
bill of fare
a list of dishes; menu 菜单
reassure
vt. set a person's mind at rest 使安心
generously
ad. with readiness to give money, help, kindness, etc. 慷慨地，大方地
generous
a. 慷慨的，大方的
nowadays
ad. at the present time, now
salmon
n. 鲑鱼
menu
n. a list of courses at a meal or of dishes that can be served in a restaurant 菜单
mutton
n. meat from a fully grown sheep 羊肉
chop
n. a small piece of meat with bone in it （连骨的）块肉

overload
vt. put too large a load on or in; overburden 使过载消化
digestion
n. 消化
hospitable
a. generous in the treatment of a guest 好客的
effusive
a. (of feelings, signs of pleasure, gratitude, etc.) pouring out too freely; too demonstrative or
emotional 热情洋溢的；感情（过多)流露的
amicable
a. friendly; peaceful
flash
n. a sudden, quick bright light; a sudden display 闪烁；闪现
champagne
n. 香槟洒
fancy
vt. suppose, imagine
trifle
n. a thing, event, etc. of little value or importance 琐事
forbid (forbade or forbad, forbidden)
vt. command(sb.) not to do sth.; refuse to allow (sb.) to have, use, enter etc.禁止
gaily
ad. in a happy and joyous manner
literature
n. 文学（作品）
airy
a. light-hearted; affected 轻盈的；做作的
bite
n. piece cut off by biting
asparagus
n. (sing. or pl.) 芦笋
water
vi. (of the eyes or mouth) fill with watery liquid, esp. tears or saliva
Madame
n. use as a title of respect for a woman (esp. a foreign married woman)夫人
might
n. power, strength, force
will
vt. influence or compel, by exercising the power of the mind 以意志力使
assure
vt. tell firmly and with confidence esp. with the aim of removing doubt 保证；使确信
tender
a. delicate; not hard or difficult to bit through 柔弱的；柔嫩的
marvel