诚毅学院教务部-暑期社会实践心得

Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What
impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The
author investigates.

全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带
来什么影响呢？它们 会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。

In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel

1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford
University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived
outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment
firm. Browder now manages $$1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to
become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. identity makes no
difference for me,
like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization.

寻找达沃斯人

彼得·甘贝尔


威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥 长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯
坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美 国以外的地方，先是
在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16 亿美元的资
产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认 同
对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做
的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。”





2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A
former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology
company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his
time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S. citizen for 45
years still identifies himself as an American.
fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that,

亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳 德不同。61岁

的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家 法国技术公司，该
公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管 曼德尔
全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。

3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter
of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of
the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of
the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than
2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five
days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post- election Iraq
and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year,
perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences,
most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of
capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the
world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most
advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.

虽然布劳德和曼德尔对各自的国籍界定不同，他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不 是由
出生地决定的。而且，他俩都是达沃斯人，这可不是巧合。达沃斯人指的是那些每年长途跋
涉去瑞士阿尔卑斯山区小城达沃斯参加年度世界经济论坛——该论坛始于1971年——的国
际商业精英 们。本周，布劳德和曼德尔将同其他2200余名企业高管、政界人士、学者、记
者、作家和少数几位好 莱坞明星一起，参加为时五天的交际活动、宴会和没完没了的认真的
讨论。讨论话题林林总总，从大选后 的伊拉克和非洲的艾滋病病毒到全球的石油供应和纳米
技术的重大意义。然而今年，或许比以往更甚的是 ，达沃斯论坛的一个热门话题就是达沃斯
本身。尽管与会男女各不相同，但他们大多数有一个共同信念： 全球化，亦即资本、劳动力
和技术不受阻碍地跨国界流动，是值得欢迎和不可阻挡的。在他们看来，世界 越来越像一个
巨大的互相联系的市场。在这个市场里，企业寻求采购、生产及销售产品和服务的最佳地点 。

4. As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even
dangerous. In an essay entitled
Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread attention in
the 1990s) as an emerging global superspecies and a threat. The members of this class, he writes, are
people who
are vanishing, and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to
facilitate the élite's global operations.-citizen self-image
is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remain deeply committed to their nation.
This disconnect, he says, creates major cultural fault line. In a variety of ways, the American
establishment, governmental and private, has become increasingly divorced from the American
people.

随着边界和对国家的认同变得越来越不重要，有些人将 此视作威胁，甚至危险。哈佛
大学教授塞缪尔·亨廷顿在一篇题为《死魂灵：美国精英的去国家化》的论 文中将达沃斯人
（该说法最早在20世纪90年代引起广泛注意）描写成为一个新兴的全球超级物种和威 胁。

他写道，该阶层的成员“不要什么对国家的忠诚，视国界为障碍，而万幸的是这种障 碍正在
消失，他们还把国家的政府看作是历史遗留下来的东西，它们唯一的用处就是为精英们的全
球运营提供方便。”亨廷顿提出，达沃斯人以全球公民自居的自我形象，与大多数美国人的
价值观完全 相悖。后者依然坚定地忠于他们自己的国家。他说，这种脱节造成了“一个重大
的文化断层。在种种意义 上，美国政府和私营企业的当权派们与美国大众渐行渐远。”

R T 5. Naturally, many Davos Men don't accept Huntington's terms. Klaus Schwab, the founder and
executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, argues that endorsing a global outlook does not
mean erasing national identity.
to be local and national in nature.

许多达沃斯人 自然不同意亨廷顿的说法。世界经济论坛的创始人兼执行主席克劳
斯·施瓦布争辩说，支持全球观并不意 味着抹去对国家的认同。“全球化决无可能给予我们
文化认同，因为后者在本质上必须是本土的、民族的 。”

6. Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations and countries that benefited from it
were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished
products. Even as the globalization of capital accelerated in the 1980s, most foreign investment was
between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into poorer ones. U.S. technology,
companies and money were often at the forefront of this movement.

全球贸 易已经持续了几个世纪；过去从中获益的企业和国家在很大程度上满足于将世
界上的广大地区视为自然资 源的开采地或成品的销售地。即便到了20世纪80年代，资本全
球化已经加速，大多数外国投资仍在相 对富裕的国家之间进行，而不是从富裕国家流向较贫
穷国家。美国的技术、企业和资金通常处于这一流动 的前沿。

7. However the past two decades have witnessed the rise of other significant players. The developed
world is beating a path to China's and India's door — and Chinese and Indian companies, in turn,
have started to look overseas for some of their future growth. Beijing has even started what it calls a

remarkable environment of innovation,says John Chambers, chief executive of Cisco Systems.

here in the U.S.
competition from overseas. No wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs.
the issue is the size of the total pie, globalization has proved a good thing,says Orit Gadiesh,
chairman of consultants Bain & Co.
world you could question that.

然而，在过去二十年间，另外一些重大参与者出 现了。发达国家正在开辟一条通向中
国和印度大门的道路——而中国和印度的公司又将眼光投向海外，寻 找未来增长的机会。北
京甚至提出了“走出去”的政策，鼓励中国企业购买海外资产。亚洲各国正在形成 “一个创
新的卓越环境，”思科系统公司的首席执行官约翰·钱伯斯如是说。“目前中国和印度的工科< br>大学毕业生是我们美国的五倍还多。”这就意味着美国和欧洲的公司现在面临来自海外的高
质量、 低成本的竞争。毋怪乎这么多西方工人担心失业。“如果问题涉及的是整个蛋糕的大

小， 那全球化已经被证明是件好事。”贝恩管理咨询公司的董事长奥里特·加迪西说，“如果
问题在于蛋糕怎 么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。”

8. The biggest shift may just be starting. A landmark 2003 study by Goldman Sachs predicted that
four economies — Russia, Brazil, India and China — will become a much larger force in the world
economy than widely expected, based on projections of demographic and economic growth, with
China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2050, Goldman Sachs suggested, these four
newcomers will likely have displaced all but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the
world.

最大的变化也许刚刚开始。高盛集团2003 年做的一项意义深远的研究预测说，根据
对各国人口和经济增长的预计，四大经济体——俄罗斯、巴西、 印度和中国——在世界经济
中的力量将超过普遍预期。中国的经济实力可能就在这个十年内赶超德国。高 盛集团说，到
2050年，这四大新经济体将有可能取代目前世界六个最大经济体中除了美国和日本之外 的
四个经济体。

9. It's also entirely possible that the near future may see the pendulum of capital swing away from
Davos Man-style globalization. One counterpoint is Manila Woman — low-paid migrant workers
from Asia and elsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world. Valerie
Gooding, the chief executive of British health care company BUPA, says the British and U.S. health
care system would break down without immigrant nurses from the Philippines, India, Nigeria and
elsewhere. Unlike Davos Man, she says, they're not ambivalent about being strongly patriotic.

近期资本流动也完全有可能脱离达沃斯人式的全球化的轨迹。与达沃斯人相对的 是马
尼拉女人。这些来自亚洲和其他地方的低薪流动劳工正在全球提供越来越多的关键服务。英
国一家医疗保健公司保柏集团的首席执行官瓦莱丽·戈丁说，要是没有来自菲律宾、印度、
尼日利亚和其 他地方的移民护士，英美两国的医疗保健体系就会崩溃。她说，这些人跟达沃
斯人不一样，他们毫不掩饰 自己的强烈爱国情绪。

10. Not all Davos Men seek global markets, either. Patrick Sayer runs a private equity firm in France
called Eurazeo, and complains there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let
alone the world. So he's focused Eurazeo on its domestic market. profit from being French in
France. It's easier for me to do deals,
you won't succeed.

也不是所有达沃斯人都在追逐全球市场。帕特里克· 塞尔在 法国经营一家名为尤拉
吉奥投资集团的私募股权公司。他抱怨说，欧洲跨国界经营中还有太多障碍，更别 提全球经
营了。所以他的尤拉吉奥投资集团专注于国内市场。“我是法国人，在法国做生意，对我而言要方便得多。”塞尔说。“别处也一样。如果你不是意大利人，而在意大利做生意，你没办
法成功 。”

11. That may sound like a narrow nationalism, yet it contains a hidden wisdom. Recall that Italy itself
was, until 1861, not a unified nation but an aggregation of city- states. Despite tension between its
north and south, there's no contradiction between maintaining a regional identity and a national one.

Marco Tronchetti Provera, chairman of Telecom Italia, for example, can feel both Milanese and
Italian at once, even as he runs a company that is aspiring to become a bigger international presence.
The question is whether it will take another 140 years for Davos Man to figure out how to strike the
same balance on a global scale.

这听上去也许像狭 隘民族主义，但内中确大有学问。回想一下，在1861年前，意大
利还不是一个统一的国家，而是由城 邦组成的结合体。尽管意大利南北方之间关系紧张，保
持地区认同和国家认同之间并无矛盾。例如，意大 利电信公司的董事长马尔科·特隆切蒂·普
罗维拉觉得自己是个米兰人，同时又是个意大利人，尽管他经 营的公司正力图获得更大的国
际影响力。问题是，达沃斯人是否需要再花上140年，才能搞明白如何在 全球规模上取得同
样的平衡。

Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What
impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The
author investigates.

全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。 这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带
来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探 讨。

In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel

1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford
University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived
outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment
firm. Browder now manages $$1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to
become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. identity makes no
difference for me,
like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization.

寻找达沃斯人

彼得·甘贝尔


威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯
坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是
在伦敦， 1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资
产。1998年， 他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同
对我来说不重要，”他说， “我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做
的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就 是全球化。”





2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A
former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology
company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his
time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S. citizen for 45
years still identifies himself as an American.
fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that,

亚历 克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁

的曼德尔 曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该
公司在中国的业务与日 俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔
全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国 公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己
当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但 是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。

3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter
of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of
the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of
the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than
2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five
days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq
and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year,
perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences,
most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of
capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the
world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most
advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.

虽然布劳德和曼德尔对各自的国籍界定不同，他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不是由
出生地决定的。而且 ，他俩都是达沃斯人，这可不是巧合。达沃斯人指的是那些每年长途跋
涉去瑞士阿尔卑斯山区小城达沃斯 参加年度世界经济论坛——该论坛始于1971年——的国
际商业精英们。本周，布劳德和曼德尔将同其 他2200余名企业高管、政界人士、学者、记
者、作家和少数几位好莱坞明星一起，参加为时五天的交 际活动、宴会和没完没了的认真的
讨论。讨论话题林林总总，从大选后的伊拉克和非洲的艾滋病病毒到全 球的石油供应和纳米
技术的重大意义。然而今年，或许比以往更甚的是，达沃斯论坛的一个热门话题就是 达沃斯
本身。尽管与会男女各不相同，但他们大多数有一个共同信念：全球化，亦即资本、劳动力
和技术不受阻碍地跨国界流动，是值得欢迎和不可阻挡的。在他们看来，世界越来越像一个
巨大的互相 联系的市场。在这个市场里，企业寻求采购、生产及销售产品和服务的最佳地点。

4. As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even
dangerous. In an essay entitled
Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread attention in
the 1990s) as an emerging global superspecies and a threat. The members of this class, he writes, are
people who
are vanishing, and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to
facilitate the élite's global operations.-citizen self-image
is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remain deeply committed to their nation.
This disconnect, he says, creates major cultural fault line. In a variety of ways, the American
establishment, governmental and private, has become increasingly divorced from the American
people.

随着边界和对国家的认同变得越来 越不重要，有些人将此视作威胁，甚至危险。哈佛
大学教授塞缪尔·亨廷顿在一篇题为《死魂灵：美国精 英的去国家化》的论文中将达沃斯人
（该说法最早在20世纪90年代引起广泛注意）描写成为一个新兴 的全球超级物种和威胁。

他写道，该阶层的成员“不要什么对国家的忠诚，视国界为障碍 ，而万幸的是这种障碍正在
消失，他们还把国家的政府看作是历史遗留下来的东西，它们唯一的用处就是 为精英们的全
球运营提供方便。”亨廷顿提出，达沃斯人以全球公民自居的自我形象，与大多数美国人的
价值观完全相悖。后者依然坚定地忠于他们自己的国家。他说，这种脱节造成了“一个重大
的文 化断层。在种种意义上，美国政府和私营企业的当权派们与美国大众渐行渐远。”

R T 5. Naturally, many Davos Men don't accept Huntington's terms. Klaus Schwab, the founder and
executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, argues that endorsing a global outlook does not
mean erasing national identity.
to be local and national in nature.

许多达沃斯人 自然不同意亨廷顿的说法。世界经济论坛的创始人兼执行主席克劳
斯·施瓦布争辩说，支持全球观并不意 味着抹去对国家的认同。“全球化决无可能给予我们
文化认同，因为后者在本质上必须是本土的、民族的 。”

6. Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations and countries that benefited from it
were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished
products. Even as the globalization of capital accelerated in the 1980s, most foreign investment was
between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into poorer ones. U.S. technology,
companies and money were often at the forefront of this movement.

全球贸 易已经持续了几个世纪；过去从中获益的企业和国家在很大程度上满足于将世
界上的广大地区视为自然资 源的开采地或成品的销售地。即便到了20世纪80年代，资本全
球化已经加速，大多数外国投资仍在相 对富裕的国家之间进行，而不是从富裕国家流向较贫
穷国家。美国的技术、企业和资金通常处于这一流动 的前沿。

7. However the past two decades have witnessed the rise of other significant players. The developed
world is beating a path to China's and India's door — and Chinese and Indian companies, in turn,
have started to look overseas for some of their future growth. Beijing has even started what it calls a

remarkable environment of innovation,says John Chambers, chief executive of Cisco Systems.

here in the U.S.
competition from overseas. No wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs.
the issue is the size of the total pie, globalization has proved a good thing,says Orit Gadiesh,
chairman of consultants Bain & Co.
world you could question that.

然而，在过去二十年间，另外一些重大参与者出 现了。发达国家正在开辟一条通向中
国和印度大门的道路——而中国和印度的公司又将眼光投向海外，寻 找未来增长的机会。北
京甚至提出了“走出去”的政策，鼓励中国企业购买海外资产。亚洲各国正在形成 “一个创
新的卓越环境，”思科系统公司的首席执行官约翰·钱伯斯如是说。“目前中国和印度的工科< br>大学毕业生是我们美国的五倍还多。”这就意味着美国和欧洲的公司现在面临来自海外的高
质量、 低成本的竞争。毋怪乎这么多西方工人担心失业。“如果问题涉及的是整个蛋糕的大

小， 那全球化已经被证明是件好事。”贝恩管理咨询公司的董事长奥里特·加迪西说，“如果
问题在于蛋糕怎 么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。”

8. The biggest shift may just be starting. A landmark 2003 study by Goldman Sachs predicted that
four economies — Russia, Brazil, India and China — will become a much larger force in the world
economy than widely expected, based on projections of demographic and economic growth, with
China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2050, Goldman Sachs suggested, these four
newcomers will likely have displaced all but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the
world.

最大的变化也许刚刚开始。高盛集团2003 年做的一项意义深远的研究预测说，根据
对各国人口和经济增长的预计，四大经济体——俄罗斯、巴西、 印度和中国——在世界经济
中的力量将超过普遍预期。中国的经济实力可能就在这个十年内赶超德国。高 盛集团说，到
2050年，这四大新经济体将有可能取代目前世界六个最大经济体中除了美国和日本之外 的
四个经济体。

9. It's also entirely possible that the near future may see the pendulum of capital swing away from
Davos Man-style globalization. One counterpoint is Manila Woman — low-paid migrant workers
from Asia and elsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world. Valerie
Gooding, the chief executive of British health care company BUPA, says the British and U.S. health
care system would break down without immigrant nurses from the Philippines, India, Nigeria and
elsewhere. Unlike Davos Man, she says, they're not ambivalent about being strongly patriotic.

近期资本流动也完全有可能脱离达沃斯人式的全球化的轨迹。与达沃斯人相对的 是马
尼拉女人。这些来自亚洲和其他地方的低薪流动劳工正在全球提供越来越多的关键服务。英
国一家医疗保健公司保柏集团的首席执行官瓦莱丽·戈丁说，要是没有来自菲律宾、印度、
尼日利亚和其 他地方的移民护士，英美两国的医疗保健体系就会崩溃。她说，这些人跟达沃
斯人不一样，他们毫不掩饰 自己的强烈爱国情绪。

10. Not all Davos Men seek global markets, either. Patrick Sayer runs a private equity firm in France
called Eurazeo, and complains there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let
alone the world. So he's focused Eurazeo on its domestic market. profit from being French in
France. It's easier for me to do deals,
you won't succeed.

也不是所有达沃斯人都在追逐全球市场。帕特里克· 塞尔在 法国经营一家名为尤拉
吉奥投资集团的私募股权公司。他抱怨说，欧洲跨国界经营中还有太多障碍，更别 提全球经
营了。所以他的尤拉吉奥投资集团专注于国内市场。“我是法国人，在法国做生意，对我而言要方便得多。”塞尔说。“别处也一样。如果你不是意大利人，而在意大利做生意，你没办
法成功 。”

11. That may sound like a narrow nationalism, yet it contains a hidden wisdom. Recall that Italy itself
was, until 1861, not a unified nation but an aggregation of city- states. Despite tension between its
north and south, there's no contradiction between maintaining a regional identity and a national one.

Marco Tronchetti Provera, chairman of Telecom Italia, for example, can feel both Milanese and
Italian at once, even as he runs a company that is aspiring to become a bigger international presence.
The question is whether it will take another 140 years for Davos Man to figure out how to strike the
same balance on a global scale.

这听上去也许像狭 隘民族主义，但内中确大有学问。回想一下，在1861年前，意大
利还不是一个统一的国家，而是由城 邦组成的结合体。尽管意大利南北方之间关系紧张，保
持地区认同和国家认同之间并无矛盾。例如，意大 利电信公司的董事长马尔科·特隆切蒂·普
罗维拉觉得自己是个米兰人，同时又是个意大利人，尽管他经 营的公司正力图获得更大的国
际影响力。问题是，达沃斯人是否需要再花上140年，才能搞明白如何在 全球规模上取得同
样的平衡。