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全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4第四单元课文A翻译
(
Globalizationissweeping asidenational borders and changing relations between nations. What
impact does this have on national identities and loyalties Are theystrengthenedor weakened The
author investigates.
全球化正在扫除国 界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么
影响呢它们会得到加强还是削弱 作者对这些问题进行了探讨。
In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel
1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at
Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years
he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his
owninvestmentfirm. Browder now manages $$ billion inassets. In 1998 he gave up his
Americanpassportto become a British citizen, since his life is nowcenteredin Europe.
identitymakes no differencefor me,
good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's
globalization.
寻找达沃斯人
彼得
·
甘贝尔


威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿 ，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大
学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一 直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，
1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管 着价值16亿美元的资产。1998
年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲 。“国家认同对我来说
不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所 做的事情，
那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。”

2. Alex Mandl is also aferventbeliever in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A
former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology
company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of
his time traveling on business. But despite all thatglobetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S.
citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American.
anyhesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that,
亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德 尔
曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中
国 的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处
跑，已经做了 45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国
人。我在其他地方度过很 多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。
3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a
matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men,
members of the international business élite whotrekeach year to theSwissAlpinetown for the
annual meeting of theWorld EconomicForum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl

will join more than 2,200 executives,politicians,academics,journalists, writers anda handful
ofHollywood stars for five days ofnetworking, parties and endlessearnestdiscussions about
everything from post-election Iraq andHIVin Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications
ofnanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself.
Whatever theirconsiderabledifferences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief:
that globalization, theunimpededflows of capital, labor and technology across national borders,
is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the worldincreasinglyas one
vast,interconnectedmarketplacein which corporations search for the mostadvantageouslocations
to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.
虽然布劳德和曼德尔对各自的国籍 界定不同，他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不是由出生地
决定的。而且，他俩都是达沃斯人，这可不是巧 合。达沃斯人指的是那些每年长途跋涉去瑞
士阿尔卑斯山区小城达沃斯参加年度世界经济论坛——该论坛 始于1971年——的国际商业
精英们。本周，布劳德和曼德尔将同其他2200余名企业高管、政界人 士、学者、记者、作
家和少数几位好莱坞明星一起，参加为时五天的交际活动、宴会和没完没了的认真的 讨论。
讨论话题林林总总，从大选后的伊拉克和非洲的艾滋病病毒到全球的石油供应和纳米技术的
重大意义。然而今年，或许比以往更甚的是，达沃斯论坛的一个热门话题就是达沃斯本身。
尽管与会男 女各不相同，但他们大多数有一个共同信念：全球化，亦即资本、劳动力和技术
不受阻碍地跨国界流动， 是值得欢迎和不可阻挡的。在他们看来，世界越来越像一个巨大的
互相联系的市场。在这个市场里，企业 寻求采购、生产及销售产品和服务的最佳地点。
4. As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and
even dangerous. In an essayentitledDenationalizationof the American Elite,
Harvard ProfessorSamuel Huntingtondescribes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread
attention in the 1990s) as an emerging globalsuperspeciesand a threat. The members of this
class, he writes, are people who
as obstacles that thankfully arevanishing, and see national governments asresiduesfrom the past
whose only useful function is tofacilitatethe élite's global operations.
Davos Man's global-citizen self- image is starklyat odds withthe values of most Americans, who
remain deeplycommittedto their nation. Thisdisconnect, he says, creates
line. Ina variety ofways, the Americanestablishment,governmentaland private, has become
increasinglydivorcedfrom the American people.
随着边界和对国家的认同变得越来越不重要，有些人将此视作威胁，甚至危险。哈佛大 学教
授塞缪尔·亨廷顿在一篇题为《死魂灵：美国精英的去国家化》的论文中将达沃斯人（该说
法最早在20世纪90年代引起广泛注意）描写成为一个新兴的全球超级物种和威胁。他写道，
该阶层的 成员“不要什么对国家的忠诚，视国界为障碍，而万幸的是这种障碍正在消失，他
们还把国家的政府看作 是历史遗留下来的东西，它们唯一的用处就是为精英们的全球运营提
供方便。”亨廷顿提出，达沃斯人以 全球公民自居的自我形象，与大多数美国人的价值观完
全相悖。后者依然坚定地忠于他们自己的国家。他 说，这种脱节造成了“一个重大的文化断
层。在种种意义上，美国政府和私营企业的当权派们与美国大众 渐行渐远。”
RT5. Naturally, many Davos Men don't accept Huntington's terms. Klaus Schwab, thefounderand
executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, argues thatendorsinga globaloutlookdoes not
meanerasingnational identity.
needs to be local and national in nature.

许多达沃斯人自然不同意亨廷顿的说法。世界经济论坛的创始人兼执行 主席克劳斯·施瓦布
争辩说，支持全球观并不意味着抹去对国家的认同。“全球化决无可能给予我们文化 认同，
因为后者在本质上必须是本土的、民族的。”
6. Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations and countries that benefited
from it were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources
or sell finished products. Even as the globalization of capitalacceleratedin the 1980s, most
foreign investment was between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into
poorer ones. U.S. technology, companies and money were often at theforefrontof this
movement.
全球贸易已经持续了几个世纪；过去从中获益的企业和国家在很大程度上 满足于将世界上的
广大地区视为自然资源的开采地或成品的销售地。即便到了20世纪80年代，资本全 球化已
经加速，大多数外国投资仍在相对富裕的国家之间进行，而不是从富裕国家流向较贫穷国家。美国的技术、企业和资金通常处于这一流动的前沿。
7. However the past two decades havewitnessedthe rise of other significant players. The
developed world is beating a path to China's and India's door — and Chinese and Indian
companies, in turn, have started to look overseas for some of their futuregrowth. Beijing has
even started what it calls a
overseas. Asian nations are creating
Chambers, chief executive of Cisco Systems.
five times the number of engineers that we are here in the U.S.
European companies are now facing high-quality, low-cost competition from overseas. No
wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs.
total pie, globalization has proved a good thing,
& Co.
that.
然而，在过去二十年间，另外一些重大参与者出现了。发达国家正在开辟一条通向 中国和印
度大门的道路——而中国和印度的公司又将眼光投向海外，寻找未来增长的机会。北京甚至提出了“走出去”的政策，鼓励中国企业购买海外资产。亚洲各国正在形成“一个创新的卓越
环境， ”思科系统公司的首席执行官约翰·钱伯斯如是说。“目前中国和印度的工科大学毕业
生是我们美国的五 倍还多。”这就意味着美国和欧洲的公司现在面临来自海外的高质量、低
成本的竞争。毋怪乎这么多西方 工人担心失业。“如果问题涉及的是整个蛋糕的大小，那全
球化已经被证明是件好事。”贝恩管理咨询公 司的董事长奥里特·加迪西说，“如果问题在于
蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。”
8. The biggest shift may just be starting. Alandmark2003 study by Goldman Sachs predicted that
foureconomies— Russia, Brazil, India and China — will become a much larger force in the world
economy than widely expected, based onprojectionsofdemographicand economic growth, with
China potentiallyovertakingGermany this decade. By 2050, Goldman Sachs suggested, these four
newcomers will likely havedisplacedall but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the
world.
最大的变化也许刚刚开始。高盛集团2003年做的一项意义深 远的研究预测说，根据对各国
人口和经济增长的预计，四大经济体——俄罗斯、巴西、印度和中国——在 世界经济中的力
量将超过普遍预期。中国的经济实力可能就在这个十年内赶超德国。高盛集团说，到20 50

年，这四大新经济体将有可能取代目前世界六个最大经济体中除了美国和日本之外的 四个经
济体。
9. It's also entirely possible that the near future may see thependulumof capital swing away from
Davos Man-style globalization. Onecounterpointis Manila Woman — low-paid migrant workers
from Asia andelsewherewho are increasingly providing key services around the world. Valerie
Gooding, the chief executive of British health care company BUPA, says the British and U.S.
health care system would break down without immigrant nurses from thePhilippines, India,
Nigeria and Man, she says, they're notambivalentabout being stronglypatriotic.
近期 资本流动也完全有可能脱离达沃斯人式的全球化的轨迹。与达沃斯人相对的是马尼拉女
人。这些来自亚洲 和其他地方的低薪流动劳工正在全球提供越来越多的关键服务。英国一家
医疗保健公司保柏集团的首席执 行官瓦莱丽·戈丁说，要是没有来自菲律宾、印度、尼日利
亚和其他地方的移民护士，英美两国的医疗保 健体系就会崩溃。她说，这些人跟达沃斯人不
一样，他们毫不掩饰自己的强烈爱国情绪。
10. Not all Davos Men seek global markets, either. Patrick Sayer runs aprivate equityfirm in
France called Eurazeo, and complains there are still too many barriers tocross-borderbusiness in
Europe,let alonethe world. So he's focused Eurazeo on itsdomesticmarket.
French in France. It's easier for me to do deals,
Italian in Italy, you won't succeed.
也不是所有达沃斯人都在追逐全球市场。帕特里克· 塞尔在法国经营一家名为尤拉吉奥投资
集 团的私募股权公司。他抱怨说，欧洲跨国界经营中还有太多障碍，更别提全球经营了。所
以他的尤拉吉奥 投资集团专注于国内市场。“我是法国人，在法国做生意，对我而言要方便
得多。”塞尔说。“别处也一 样。如果你不是意大利人，而在意大利做生意，你没办法成功。”
11. That may sound like a narrownationalism, yet it contains a hidden wisdom. Recall that Italy
itself was, until 1861, not a unified nation but anaggregationofcity-states. Despite tension
between its north and south, there's nocontradictionbetween maintaining aregionalidentity and
a national one. Marco Tronchetti Provera, chairman of Telecom Italia, for example, can feel
bothMilaneseand Italian at once, even as he runs a company that isaspiringto become a bigger
international presence. The question is whether it will take another 140 years for Davos Man to
figure out how tostrike the same balanceon a global scale. 这听上去也许像狭隘民族主义，但内中确大有学问。回想一下，在1861年前，意大利还不
是一个 统一的国家，而是由城邦组成的结合体。尽管意大利南北方之间关系紧张，保持地区
认同和国家认同之间 并无矛盾。例如，意大利电信公司的董事长马尔科·特隆切蒂·普罗维拉
觉得自己是个米兰人，同时又是 个意大利人，尽管他经营的公司正力图获得更大的国际影响
力。问题是，达沃斯人是否需要再花上140 年，才能搞明白如何在全球规模上取得同样的平
衡。

全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4第四单元课文A翻译
(
Globalizationissweeping asidenational borders and changing relations between nations. What
impact does this have on national identities and loyalties Are theystrengthenedor weakened The
author investigates.
全球化正在扫除国 界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么
影响呢它们会得到加强还是削弱 作者对这些问题进行了探讨。
In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel
1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at
Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years
he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his
owninvestmentfirm. Browder now manages $$ billion inassets. In 1998 he gave up his
Americanpassportto become a British citizen, since his life is nowcenteredin Europe.
identitymakes no differencefor me,
good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's
globalization.
寻找达沃斯人
彼得
·
甘贝尔


威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿 ，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大
学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一 直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，
1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管 着价值16亿美元的资产。1998
年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲 。“国家认同对我来说
不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所 做的事情，
那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。”

2. Alex Mandl is also aferventbeliever in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A
former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology
company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of
his time traveling on business. But despite all thatglobetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S.
citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American.
anyhesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that,
亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德 尔
曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中
国 的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处
跑，已经做了 45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国
人。我在其他地方度过很 多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。
3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a
matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men,
members of the international business élite whotrekeach year to theSwissAlpinetown for the
annual meeting of theWorld EconomicForum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl

will join more than 2,200 executives,politicians,academics,journalists, writers anda handful
ofHollywood stars for five days ofnetworking, parties and endlessearnestdiscussions about
everything from post-election Iraq andHIVin Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications
ofnanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself.
Whatever theirconsiderabledifferences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief:
that globalization, theunimpededflows of capital, labor and technology across national borders,
is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the worldincreasinglyas one
vast,interconnectedmarketplacein which corporations search for the mostadvantageouslocations
to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.
虽然布劳德和曼德尔对各自的国籍 界定不同，他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不是由出生地
决定的。而且，他俩都是达沃斯人，这可不是巧 合。达沃斯人指的是那些每年长途跋涉去瑞
士阿尔卑斯山区小城达沃斯参加年度世界经济论坛——该论坛 始于1971年——的国际商业
精英们。本周，布劳德和曼德尔将同其他2200余名企业高管、政界人 士、学者、记者、作
家和少数几位好莱坞明星一起，参加为时五天的交际活动、宴会和没完没了的认真的 讨论。
讨论话题林林总总，从大选后的伊拉克和非洲的艾滋病病毒到全球的石油供应和纳米技术的
重大意义。然而今年，或许比以往更甚的是，达沃斯论坛的一个热门话题就是达沃斯本身。
尽管与会男 女各不相同，但他们大多数有一个共同信念：全球化，亦即资本、劳动力和技术
不受阻碍地跨国界流动， 是值得欢迎和不可阻挡的。在他们看来，世界越来越像一个巨大的
互相联系的市场。在这个市场里，企业 寻求采购、生产及销售产品和服务的最佳地点。
4. As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and
even dangerous. In an essayentitledDenationalizationof the American Elite,
Harvard ProfessorSamuel Huntingtondescribes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread
attention in the 1990s) as an emerging globalsuperspeciesand a threat. The members of this
class, he writes, are people who
as obstacles that thankfully arevanishing, and see national governments asresiduesfrom the past
whose only useful function is tofacilitatethe élite's global operations.
Davos Man's global-citizen self- image is starklyat odds withthe values of most Americans, who
remain deeplycommittedto their nation. Thisdisconnect, he says, creates
line. Ina variety ofways, the Americanestablishment,governmentaland private, has become
increasinglydivorcedfrom the American people.
随着边界和对国家的认同变得越来越不重要，有些人将此视作威胁，甚至危险。哈佛大 学教
授塞缪尔·亨廷顿在一篇题为《死魂灵：美国精英的去国家化》的论文中将达沃斯人（该说
法最早在20世纪90年代引起广泛注意）描写成为一个新兴的全球超级物种和威胁。他写道，
该阶层的 成员“不要什么对国家的忠诚，视国界为障碍，而万幸的是这种障碍正在消失，他
们还把国家的政府看作 是历史遗留下来的东西，它们唯一的用处就是为精英们的全球运营提
供方便。”亨廷顿提出，达沃斯人以 全球公民自居的自我形象，与大多数美国人的价值观完
全相悖。后者依然坚定地忠于他们自己的国家。他 说，这种脱节造成了“一个重大的文化断
层。在种种意义上，美国政府和私营企业的当权派们与美国大众 渐行渐远。”
RT5. Naturally, many Davos Men don't accept Huntington's terms. Klaus Schwab, thefounderand
executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, argues thatendorsinga globaloutlookdoes not
meanerasingnational identity.
needs to be local and national in nature.

许多达沃斯人自然不同意亨廷顿的说法。世界经济论坛的创始人兼执行 主席克劳斯·施瓦布
争辩说，支持全球观并不意味着抹去对国家的认同。“全球化决无可能给予我们文化 认同，
因为后者在本质上必须是本土的、民族的。”
6. Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations and countries that benefited
from it were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources
or sell finished products. Even as the globalization of capitalacceleratedin the 1980s, most
foreign investment was between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into
poorer ones. U.S. technology, companies and money were often at theforefrontof this
movement.
全球贸易已经持续了几个世纪；过去从中获益的企业和国家在很大程度上 满足于将世界上的
广大地区视为自然资源的开采地或成品的销售地。即便到了20世纪80年代，资本全 球化已
经加速，大多数外国投资仍在相对富裕的国家之间进行，而不是从富裕国家流向较贫穷国家。美国的技术、企业和资金通常处于这一流动的前沿。
7. However the past two decades havewitnessedthe rise of other significant players. The
developed world is beating a path to China's and India's door — and Chinese and Indian
companies, in turn, have started to look overseas for some of their futuregrowth. Beijing has
even started what it calls a
overseas. Asian nations are creating
Chambers, chief executive of Cisco Systems.
five times the number of engineers that we are here in the U.S.
European companies are now facing high-quality, low-cost competition from overseas. No
wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs.
total pie, globalization has proved a good thing,
& Co.
that.
然而，在过去二十年间，另外一些重大参与者出现了。发达国家正在开辟一条通向 中国和印
度大门的道路——而中国和印度的公司又将眼光投向海外，寻找未来增长的机会。北京甚至提出了“走出去”的政策，鼓励中国企业购买海外资产。亚洲各国正在形成“一个创新的卓越
环境， ”思科系统公司的首席执行官约翰·钱伯斯如是说。“目前中国和印度的工科大学毕业
生是我们美国的五 倍还多。”这就意味着美国和欧洲的公司现在面临来自海外的高质量、低
成本的竞争。毋怪乎这么多西方 工人担心失业。“如果问题涉及的是整个蛋糕的大小，那全
球化已经被证明是件好事。”贝恩管理咨询公 司的董事长奥里特·加迪西说，“如果问题在于
蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。”
8. The biggest shift may just be starting. Alandmark2003 study by Goldman Sachs predicted that
foureconomies— Russia, Brazil, India and China — will become a much larger force in the world
economy than widely expected, based onprojectionsofdemographicand economic growth, with
China potentiallyovertakingGermany this decade. By 2050, Goldman Sachs suggested, these four
newcomers will likely havedisplacedall but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the
world.
最大的变化也许刚刚开始。高盛集团2003年做的一项意义深 远的研究预测说，根据对各国
人口和经济增长的预计，四大经济体——俄罗斯、巴西、印度和中国——在 世界经济中的力
量将超过普遍预期。中国的经济实力可能就在这个十年内赶超德国。高盛集团说，到20 50

年，这四大新经济体将有可能取代目前世界六个最大经济体中除了美国和日本之外的 四个经
济体。
9. It's also entirely possible that the near future may see thependulumof capital swing away from
Davos Man-style globalization. Onecounterpointis Manila Woman — low-paid migrant workers
from Asia andelsewherewho are increasingly providing key services around the world. Valerie
Gooding, the chief executive of British health care company BUPA, says the British and U.S.
health care system would break down without immigrant nurses from thePhilippines, India,
Nigeria and Man, she says, they're notambivalentabout being stronglypatriotic.
近期 资本流动也完全有可能脱离达沃斯人式的全球化的轨迹。与达沃斯人相对的是马尼拉女
人。这些来自亚洲 和其他地方的低薪流动劳工正在全球提供越来越多的关键服务。英国一家
医疗保健公司保柏集团的首席执 行官瓦莱丽·戈丁说，要是没有来自菲律宾、印度、尼日利
亚和其他地方的移民护士，英美两国的医疗保 健体系就会崩溃。她说，这些人跟达沃斯人不
一样，他们毫不掩饰自己的强烈爱国情绪。
10. Not all Davos Men seek global markets, either. Patrick Sayer runs aprivate equityfirm in
France called Eurazeo, and complains there are still too many barriers tocross-borderbusiness in
Europe,let alonethe world. So he's focused Eurazeo on itsdomesticmarket.
French in France. It's easier for me to do deals,
Italian in Italy, you won't succeed.
也不是所有达沃斯人都在追逐全球市场。帕特里克· 塞尔在法国经营一家名为尤拉吉奥投资
集 团的私募股权公司。他抱怨说，欧洲跨国界经营中还有太多障碍，更别提全球经营了。所
以他的尤拉吉奥 投资集团专注于国内市场。“我是法国人，在法国做生意，对我而言要方便
得多。”塞尔说。“别处也一 样。如果你不是意大利人，而在意大利做生意，你没办法成功。”
11. That may sound like a narrownationalism, yet it contains a hidden wisdom. Recall that Italy
itself was, until 1861, not a unified nation but anaggregationofcity-states. Despite tension
between its north and south, there's nocontradictionbetween maintaining aregionalidentity and
a national one. Marco Tronchetti Provera, chairman of Telecom Italia, for example, can feel
bothMilaneseand Italian at once, even as he runs a company that isaspiringto become a bigger
international presence. The question is whether it will take another 140 years for Davos Man to
figure out how tostrike the same balanceon a global scale. 这听上去也许像狭隘民族主义，但内中确大有学问。回想一下，在1861年前，意大利还不
是一个 统一的国家，而是由城邦组成的结合体。尽管意大利南北方之间关系紧张，保持地区
认同和国家认同之间 并无矛盾。例如，意大利电信公司的董事长马尔科·特隆切蒂·普罗维拉
觉得自己是个米兰人，同时又是 个意大利人，尽管他经营的公司正力图获得更大的国际影响
力。问题是，达沃斯人是否需要再花上140 年，才能搞明白如何在全球规模上取得同样的平
衡。