最新新视野第三版大学英语第二册课文翻译资料
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新视野大学英语 第二册 读写教程 课文翻译
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Unit 1 Text A An
impressive Engli lsesson
标题: 一堂难忘的英语课
1. 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他
而言，我是
一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语
法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感
。
2. 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来
的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”
3.
她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！”
4.
没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语
句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强
烈的忧虑。
5. 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能
够区分诸如
theirtherethey're 之间的不同，或区别 complimentary
跟
complementary 之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分
不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。
6.
学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货
店的指示牌会把他们引向
stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记
本等真正的
stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣
称 They've
just ate。实际上，他们应该说 They've just
eaten。因此，批
评学生不合乎清理。
7.
对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语
熟练程度制定出更高的标准
。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少
之又少。还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要
的语言结构方面的知识，
因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他<
br>们并没把语言的基本框架一一准确的语法和恰当的词汇一一充分地传授给学生。
8.
因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一
步、注重技巧地进行。有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时，
他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳，就说：“它飞的不稳。（It's flying so
unsteady.)
我小心翼翼地问：“儿子，鸟怎么飞?”“有问题吗？我说得不对吗？（Did
I say
anything incorrectly?）”他一头雾水。“太好了，你说的是
incorrectly 而
不是 incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以，要用
unsteadily 来描述鸟
飞，而不是 unsteady。”
9.
他对我的纠正很好奇，就问我什么是副词。我慢慢解释道：“副词是用来修
饰动词的词。”这又导致了
他询问我什么是动词。我解释说：“动词是表示行为
的词，例如：爸爸开卡车。‘开’是动词，因为它是
爸爸在做的事。”
10.
他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣，所以我们又罗列了几个动词：“飞行”、
“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑
步”。然后，他又好奇地问我，其他的词有没有说明它们
的用法和功能的名称。这就引发了我们对名词、
形容词和冠词的讨论。在短短
十分钟的驾驶时间内，他从对语法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性
。
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这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。
11. 也许，语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品：我们要常常查看路线图
（核对语法）
和调整汽车的引擎（调节词汇）。学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好
比拿着路线图在车况良好的车里驾驶。
12. 路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路
途指南，可是它不会告诉你一
路上你究竟会看见什么树或什么花，你会遇见什么样的人，或会有什么样的
感
受。这里，词汇会使你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生。大量的词汇让你享受
到开车途中所
见的点点滴滴。借助语法和丰富的词汇，你就有了灵活性，掌控
自如。路线图会把你带到目的地，而一台
好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途
的所有景色、声音及经历之中。
13. 对学生来说，有效
、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大
有利条件，可是学校并没有教他们这些。
14. 就在今天早上，我跟儿子吃早饭时，我想把牛奶加入我的茶里。“爸爸，”
他说，“如果我是你的话，我不会这样做。牛奶会变酸。（If I were you, I
wouldn't
do that. It's sour.）
15.
“哦，上帝！”我满怀着无比的骄傲说道，“这是一个语法完全正确的句子。
你用了 were 而不是
was。”
16. “我知道，我知道，”他愉悦地舒了口气，“这是虚拟语气！”
17. 这下轮到我“哇！”了。
Unit 2 Section A
The humanities: Out of date?
人文学科：过时了吗？
1
When the going gets tough, the tough take
accounting. When the job
market worsens, many
students calculate they can't major in English or
history.
They have to study something that
boosts their prospects of landing a job.
1
当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。 当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估
算着他们不能
再主修英语或历史。他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。
2 The data
show that as students have increasingly shouldered
the ever-rising
cost of tuition, they have
defected from the study of the humanities and
toward
applied science and
words, a
college education is more and more seen as a means
for economic
betterment rather than a means
for human betterment. This is a trend that is
likely to persist and even accelerate.
2
数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们
相信有益于
将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。 换言之，大学教育越来越被
看成是改善经济而不是提升人
类自身的手段。 这种趋势可能会持续，甚至有
加快之势。
3 Over the
next few years, as labor markets struggle, the
humanities will
probably continue their long
slide in succession. There already has been a
nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of
liberal arts majors over the past
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generation, and it is logical
to think that the trend is bound to continue or
even
accelerate. Once the dominant pillars of
university life, the humanities now
play
little roles when students take their college
tours. These days, labs are
more vivid and
compelling than libraries.
3
在未来几年内，由于劳动力市场的不景气，人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷
的态势。 在
上一代大学生中，主修文科的学生数跌幅已近 50%。这种趋势会
持续、甚至加速的想法是
合情合理的。 人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱，
而今在学生们的大学游中却只是一个小
点缀。现在，实验室要比图书馆更栩栩
如生、受人青睐。
4 Here,
please allow me to stand up for and promote the
true value that the
humanities add to people's
lives. Since ancient times, people have speculated
about the mystery of those inner forces that
drive some people to greatness
and others to
self-destruction. This inner drive has been called
many things
over the centuries. The famous
psychologist, Sigmund Freud, called it the
4 在这儿，请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣
传。
自古以 来，人们一直在思索人类自身具有什么神奇的内力使一些人变得
崇高伟大，而使另一些人走
向自我毁灭。 几个世纪以来，这股内力被称作很
多东西。 著名的心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊
德称之为“潜意识”，或更为人熟
知的“本能”。
5 From the
beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being,
this drive that can
be constructive or
destructive, has captured our imagination. The
stories of this
amazing struggle have formed
the basis of cultures the world over. Historians,
architects, authors, philosophers and artists
have captured the words, images
and meanings
of this inner struggle in the form of story,
music, myth, painting,
architecture,
sculpture, landscape and traditions. These men and
women
developed artistic
also educate
generations. This fertile body of work from
ancient times, the very
foundation of
civilization, forms the basis of study of the
humanities.
5
从一开始，人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力，就令我们
心驰神往。 这
些惊人的、充满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础。 历史
学家、建筑师、作家、哲学
家和艺术家们以故事、音乐、神话、绘画、建筑、
雕刻、风景画和传统的形式，捕捉到了这
些撞击心灵的文字、形象及内涵。 这
些男男女女创造出了具有艺术性的“语言”，帮助我们了
解人类的这些强烈愿
望，并用以教育一代又一代人。 从古时起开始的这些充满想象的大量
作品，
正是文明的底蕴，它奠定了人文研究的基础。
6 Studying
the humanities improves our ability to read and
write. No matter
what we do in life, we will
have a huge advantage if we can read complex
ideas and understand their meaning. We will
have a bright career if we are the
person in
the office who can write a clear and elegant
analysis of those ideas!
6
学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。 无论我们这一生中从事什么
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职业，如果我
们能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵，我们都会受益匪浅。 如
果我们是在办公室里能对
这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人，我们会有光
明的职业前景。
7
Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the
language of emotion and
the creative process.
In an information economy, many people have the
ability
to produce a useful product such as a
new MP3 player. Yet, very few people
have the
ability to create a spectacular brand: the iPod.
Most importantly,
studying the humanities
invests us with great insight and self-awareness,
thereby releasing our creative energy and
talent in a positive and constructive
manner.
7 学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程。 在信息经济
中，很多人
都有能力创造出一个如新的 MP3 播放器那样的有用产品。 然而，
仅有很少的人具有能力创
造出一个如 iPod 那样的精彩品牌。 最重要的是，
学习人文学科使我们具有伟大的洞察力和
自我意识，从而以积极和建设性的方
式来发挥我们的创造力和才艺。
8
Perhaps the best argument in favor of the
humanities is the scope of
possibilities that
are widely open to us. Did you know that James
Cameron,
world-famous director of the movie,
Titanic, graduated with a degree in the
humanities? So did Sally Ride, the first woman
in space. So did actors Bruce
Lee, Gwyneth
Paltrow, Renee Zellweger and Matt Damon. Dr.
Harold Varmus,
who won a Nobel Prize for
Medicine, studied the humanities. Even Michael
Eisner, Chairman of the Disney Company,
majored in the humanities. Famous
people who
studied the humanities make a long list indeed.
It's easy to see
that the humanities can
prepare us for many different careers and jobs we
can
undertake, whether medicine, business,
science or entertainment. If we study
only
mathematics, it's likely we will be a candidate
only for jobs as a
mathematician. If we
include studying the humanities, we can make
breakthroughs on many barriers and are limited
only by our effort and
imagination.
8
也许，支持人文学科的最好论点是，人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会。 你
知道世界闻
名的电影《泰坦尼克号》的导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的
学位吗？第一个登上太空
的女宇航员萨利·赖德拿的也是人文学科的学位。 还
有电影演员李小龙、格温妮丝·帕特洛、
蕾妮·齐薇格及马特·达蒙，也都如
此。 获诺贝尔医学奖的哈罗德·瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学 科。
甚至迪士尼公
司的总裁迈克尔·艾斯纳也主修人文学科。 学习人文学科的有名人士确实
可
以列出一长串。 显而易见，人文学能为我们从事许多不同的职业做准备，不管
是医学、
商务、科学或娱乐。 如果我们仅学习数学，我们很可能只能申请数
学家之类的工作。 如果
我们还学了人文学科，那我们就能突破许多障碍，只
要我们愿意付出努力，敢于想象。
9 Of course, nowadays, if we study the
humanities alone, we are liable to miss
many
opportunities. Each one of us needs to become as
technically and
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professionally skilled as possible to help
meet the needs of modern life. In fact,
increasingly a pairing of technical knowledge
and inner insight is seen as the
ideal in the
establishment of a career. If I were the Dean of
Admissions at a
medical school and two people
applied to our school, both having the required
basic scientific courses, one a philosophy
major and the other solely a
pre-med student,
the philosophy applicant would be chosen.
9
当然，在当下，如果我们单学人文学科，可能会失去很多机会。 我们每个人
都需要尽可
能变得技能化、职业化，以满足现代生活的需要。 事实上，技术
知识和内在洞察力的结合
越来越被看成是建立职业生涯的理想搭配。 如果我
是某个医学院的招生部主任，有两个人
同时申请我们学校，这两个人都学过基
础的科学课程，一个主修哲学，另一个仅是医学院的
预科生，我会选择那位哲
学专业的申请者。
10 In summary,
the humanities help to create well-rounded human
beings with
insight and understanding of the
passions, hopes and dreams common to all
humanity. The humanities, the ancient timeless
reservoir of knowledge, teach
us to see things
differently and broaden our horizons. They are as
useful and
relevant in our modern age as they
have always been. Doesn't it make sense
to
spend some time in the company of the humanities,
our outstanding and
remarkable treasure of
knowledge? Who knows how famous YOU might
become!
10
总之，人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人，这些人具有洞察力，并理解全人
类共有的激情、 希望和理想。
人文学科，这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库，教
我们如何以不同的方式看待事
物，同时也拓宽我们的视野。 在现代社会中，
人文学科一如既往地同生活息息相关，也发
挥着重要作用。 我们在学习中花
一些时间与人文学科——我们杰出、非凡的知识宝藏——
相伴，这难道不是明
智的吗？ 谁知道你将来会变得多有名气呢！
Unit 3 section A Journey through the
odyssey years
奥德赛岁月之旅
1 Most of us know
about the phases of life which we label to
parallel different
age groups and life stages:
childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
We think of infancy before childhood and
middle age before old age, with each
unique
phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges.
These challenges
can be overcome by
acquainting ourselves with them, such as the
child's need
to learn, the adult's need to
find the right career and build a family, and the
senior's need for support and good health
care.
1
我们大多数人都知道，根据不同的年龄和生活阶段，人生可与此平行划分为
童年、青春
期、成年和老年这四个阶段。 我们把这些阶段想象为婴儿在童年
之前，中年在老年之前， 每个阶段都
会面临一系列特有的挑战，如孩子对学习
的需要，成人对找到合适的职业生涯和建立一个家庭的需要，以
及年长者对得
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到帮助和良好医疗保健的需要。通过对它们的充分了 解，我们就可以战胜这些
挑战。
2 Interestingly, ideas about the stages
of life are changing.
2 有趣的是，关于人生阶段的观念正在发生变化。
3 In previous times, people didn't have a
solid idea of childhood as being
separate from
adulthood. A hundred years ago, no one thought of
adolescence.
Until recently it was understood
as a norm that their induction to adulthood was
completed as soon as they graduated from
college. They would now find a
sensible job
which would lead to a career. Then during this
career they would
start a family, ideally
before they turned 30.
3
在先前的年代，人们并没有一种固有的把童年和成年分开的想法。 一百年前，
谁也没有
想到过青春期。 直到最近，人们还很自然地认为：只要他们一从大
学毕业，他们的成人入
门阶段就结束了。 他们就会找到一份把他们引入职业
生涯的合适的工作。 然后在此职业生
涯期间，他们会成家，三十岁之前成家
更为理想。
4 Today we
have an equivalent need to recognize a new phase
of life that
comes after high school
graduation, continues through college, and then
leads
to starting a family and having a
career, the so-called odyssey years. Recent
trends show radical changes as young people
are following a different agenda.
They take
breaks from school, live with friends and often
return to living with
their parents.
Similarly, they fall in and out of love, quit one
job and try another
or even shift to a new
career. So, we need to recognize this new stage,
the
odyssey years, which many now consider to
be an unavoidable stage in
reaching adulthood.
4 今天，我们同样需要认识一个新的人生阶段：从高中毕业到上大学，然后到
成家立业，即所
谓的奥德赛岁月。由于年轻人正按照一种不同的模式生活，最
近的趋势出现了根本性 的变化。他们从学
校休学，与朋友同住，也常回去与父
母同住。同样，他们恋爱又失恋，辞掉一份工作又去寻找新的，甚至
改行。 因
此，我们需要认识这个新阶段——奥德赛岁月。
现在许多人认为这是步入成年
之前的一个难以回避的阶段。
5 People
who were born prior to the 60s or 70s in the last
century tended to
frame their concept of
adulthood based upon achieving certain
accomplishments: moving away from home,
becoming financially independent,
finding the
right spouse and starting a family. But that
emphasis on stability did
not remain static.
Today, young people are unlikely to do the same.
During the
odyssey years, a high proportion of
young people are delaying marriage, child
bearing, and even employment.
5 出生于上个世纪
60 年代或 70 年代之前的人们往往会将成年的概念基于是
否取得了某些
成就：从父母家搬走，经济上独立，找到合适的配偶并组织家庭。
但是，对稳定的强调并
没能保持不变。今天，年轻人不太可能仿效他们的父母。
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在奥德赛岁月中，相当比例的年 轻人都推迟结婚、生子，甚至推迟就业。
6
The odyssey years can saddle young people with
enormous pressure to
move forward quickly. As
the sole heir and focus of their parents'
expectations,
hopes and dreams, some react
with rebellious and prideful attitudes and
behavior toward their parents. They often
resent the pressure they're feeling
and keep a
distance from their parents or even run away from
home. Their
confusion comes from the
difficulties to make parents understand them and
the fluid journey of discovery they need in
this phase of their lives. To get away
from
this confusion and upset, many young people resort
to computer games,
iPods, iPhones, or iPads,
to help distract them from their pain and stress.
6 奥德赛岁月使年轻人承受了巨大的压力，迫使他们快速往前冲。 作为他们父
母唯一的继
承人和所有期望、希望和梦想的聚焦，有些年轻人以叛逆和桀骜不
驯的行为和态度对待父 母。他们往往
憎恨他们所感到的压力，并同他们的父母
保持距离，甚至离家出走。他们的困惑源于很难让家长了解他们
，也源于这段
需要进行自我探索的、不确定的人生之旅。 为
了逃避困惑和不安，许多年轻
人诉诸电脑游戏，iPod，iPhone 或
iPad，以帮助分散他们的 痛苦和压力。
7 Likewise, their
parents are feeling more anxious. They may make
allowances
for a transition phase from student
life to adult life, but they get upset when
they see the transition of their grown
children's lives moving away from their
expectations and stretching five years to
seven years, and beyond. The
parents don't
even detect a clear sense of direction in their
children's lives.
They look at them and see
the things that are being delayed.
7
同样，他们的父母更是着急。虽然他们理解从学生到成年需要一个过渡阶段，
但看到他
们已成年子女的过渡阶段的生活与他们的期望渐行渐远，过渡阶段延
至五年，七年，甚至更
长时，他们感到生气。父母甚至不能清楚地觉察到他们
孩子未来生活的方向，只能看着他
们，看着要做的事被拖延着。
8 It's hard to predict
what's next. New guidelines haven't been
established yet,
and everything seems to give
way to a less permanent version of itself. There's
been a shift in the status and balance of
power between the genders, too.
More women are
getting degrees than men. Male wages have remained
stable
over the past decades, while female
wages have boomed.
8
接下来会如何发展很难预测。新的准则还没有建立，一切似乎都被一个不确
定的版本所
取代。两性之间地位和权力的平衡也有了转变。 取得学位的女性
比男性更多。男性的工资
在过去的几十年里一直停滞不前，而女性的工资却出
现激增。
9 Apart
from anything else, this has had an implicit
effect on courtship.
Educated women can get
many of the things they want, such as security,
accomplishment, and identity without marriage.
However, both genders are
having a harder time
finding suitable mates to build their lives with.
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Considering all of
this, it's beneficial to know that even though
graduates are
delaying many things after
college, surveys show they still hold highly
traditional aspirations. For example, this
contemporary generation rates
parenthood even
more highly than previous generations did!
9
别的不说，这对择偶产生了不言而喻的影响。即使未婚，受过教育的妇女仍
可以得到很
多她们想要的东西，如安全感，成就感，和认同感。不过，不论男
女都更难找到合适的伴
侣来一同建立他们的生活。在讨论这一切时，有助于让
大家知道，即使毕业生离开大学后
推迟了做很多事，调查结果显示，他们仍持
有很传统的愿望。例如，当今的一代比以前的几
代对如何扮演好父母的角色有
着更高的要求。
10 This new
phase will likely grow more pronounced in the
coming years.
Nations around the world have
witnessed similar trends toward delaying
marriage and spending more years than ever
shifting between higher
education and settling
down with a career and family.
10
这一新阶段在未来几年可能更明显。 世界各国都目睹了相似的趋势，人们
推迟结婚，花
更多年的时间徘徊在接受高等教育和建立职业生涯及家庭之间。
11
Nevertheless, graduates shouldn't be deceived into
thinking they can back
off simply because
things have become more difficult. A large number
of
people chasing relatively fewer
opportunities can create strong competitive
pressure. So, from the outset, keep your
résumé professional and up-to-date.
11
然而，毕业生不应误认为因情况已变得更困难，他们就可以放弃。 大批的
人努力角逐相
对较少的机会，这会导致强大的竞争压力。
所以，从一开始你
就要将个人简历写得很专业，并做到随时更新。
12 To
reinforce this essential message, success moving
through the odyssey
years will come to those
who don't expect to achieve their goals right away
but
know that they must have the strength,
capacity and confidence to endure over
the
long term. If you're a little late with your
goals, don't feel like a failure! Stay
strong,
be positive, and keep focused! Someday you will
look back and wonder
at the vast changes as
you passed through the odyssey years.
12
要强化这一重要信息：顺利度过奥德赛岁月的将是那些不急于即刻实现目标
的人——但
这些人知道他们必须保持实力、能力、信心去度过这段较长的岁月。
如果你的目标起步稍
晚了点，不要认为自己是个失败者！ 意志坚定，态度积
极，并集中精力！ 有一天，你会回
头审视，并对奥德赛岁月给你带来的巨大
改变感到惊叹。
Unit
4 Section A College sweethearts
1
I smile at my two lovely daughters and they seem
so much more mature
than we, their parents,
when we were college sweethearts. Linda, who's 21,
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had a boyfriend in
her freshman year she thought she would marry, but
they're
not together anymore. Melissa, who's
19, hasn't had a steady boyfriend yet.
My
daughters wonder when they will meet
think
their father and I had a classic fairy-tale
romance heading for marriage
from the outset.
Perhaps, they're right but it didn't seem so at
the time. In a way,
love just happens when you
least expect it. Who would have thought that
Butch and I would end up getting married to
each other? He became my
boyfriend because of
my shallow agenda: I wanted a cute boyfriend!
1 我微笑着看着我那两个可爱的女儿，她们似乎比她们的父母还是大学情侣那
会儿更为成
熟。 琳达，21 岁，在大学一年级交过一个男友，她曾以为会跟那
个男孩结婚，但他们已不
再来往了。 梅丽莎，19 岁，还没有一个固定的男友。
我的女儿不知何时才能遇到她们的那
个“唯一”，她们伟大的爱。 她们认为她
们的父亲和我有着一段经典的、童话般的浪漫史，从
一开始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。
也许，她们是正确的，但在那时似乎并不是那么回事。 在某种
程度上，爱神
恰恰在你最没准备时来临。 谁曾想到，布奇和我最终会结婚呢？ 他之所以成
为我男友，只是因为当时我那肤浅的打算：我要找一个可爱的男友！
2 We
met through my college roommate at the university
cafeteria. That fateful
night, I was merely
curious, but for him I think it was love at first
sight.
have beautiful eyes
night long. I
really wasn't that interested for two reasons.
First, he looked like
he was a really wild
boy, maybe even dangerous. Second, although he was
very cute, he seemed a little weird.
2
我们通过我的大学室友介绍在大学食堂相识。 在那个命中注定的夜晚，我只
是好奇，但
对他而言，我认为是一见钟情。 他凝视着我的脸，说：“你有一双
美丽的眼睛。” 他整个晚
上一直盯着我。 我真的对他没那么感兴趣，其原因
有二。 首先，他看起来就像是一个野小
子，甚至还有些危险。 其次，虽然他
很可爱，却似乎有点怪异。
3
Riding on his bicycle, he'd ride past my dorm as
if
to be surprised to see me. I liked the
attention but was cautious about his wild,
dynamic personality. He had a charming way
with words which would charm
any girl. Fear
came over me when I started to fall in love. His
exciting
image
had an excellent reputation.
My concentration was solely on my studies to get
superior grades. But for what? College is
supposed to be a time of great
learning and
also some fun. I had nearly achieved a great
education, and
graduation was just one
semester away. But I hadn't had any fun; my life
was
stale with no component of fun! I needed a
just any boyfriend.
He had to be cute. My goal
that semester became: Be ambitious and grab the
cutest boyfriend I can find.
3
他骑着自行车经过我的宿舍，装作与我“偶遇”，看到我时还假装惊讶。 我
喜欢被重视的感
觉，但对他的野性和充满活力的个性却小心谨慎。 他很会说
话，这会迷倒任何女孩。 当我
开始爱上他时，恐惧向我袭来。 他那令人激动
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的“坏小子形象”简直太诱人了。 究竟是什么 吸引了我？ 我，一直口碑极好。
为了获得优异的成绩，我的注意力只专注在自己的学习 上。
但又怎么样呢？
大学应该是学习的好时间，可也应该有一些乐趣。 我已几乎达成了伟
大的教
育目标，离毕业只有一学期之遥了。 但我却还没有享受过任何乐趣，我的生活
乏味，
没有一点新鲜感！ 我需要一个男朋友，当然不是任何男朋友。 他必须
很可爱。 于是我那个
学期的目标就成为：雄心勃勃，抓住一个我能找到的最
可爱的男友。
4 I
worried what he'd think of me. True, we lived in a
time when a dramatic shift
in sexual attitudes
was taking place, but I was a traditional girl who
wasn't
ready for the new ways that seemed
common on campus. Butch looked
superb! I was
not immune to his personality, but I was scared.
The night when
he announced to the world that
I was his girlfriend, I went along with him. And
then I suddenly thought: my gosh! Am I his
girlfriend? How did that
happen?
marry you
one day and I will be a lawyer. You will see.
4 我担心他会怎么看我。 不错，我们生活在一个性观念正在发生戏剧性转变的
时代，但我
是一个传统的女孩，对在校园里似乎常见的新方式还没有心理准备。
布奇看上去很出色！ 我
对他的个性毫无免疫力，但我对此很害怕。 那天晚上
当他向大家宣布我是他女友时，我是 同意的。
但我随后突然清醒：“噢，我的
天哪！我是他女友吗？这是怎么回事？” 紧接着，
他在我耳边低声地甜言蜜
语：“有一天我要娶你，我会成为一名律师。你会看到这一天的。”
5 I was laughing inside and said to
myself,
rebel without a good future. He's my
boyfriend because I hate my boring
student
life. I just want to have fun.
5 我笑着对自己说：
“我绝不会嫁给这个家伙。他是一个没有前途的叛逆者。
他是我男朋友，
只因为我恨枯燥的学生生活。我只想得到乐趣而已。”
6 Sure enough,
the following month, I found out he had failed all
his courses.
Consequently, he was going to be
expelled from the university. To my disgust,
he seemed resigned to his fate. I knew there
was hope, so I led him to the
college
secretary for reconsideration.
6
果然，一个月后，我发现他所有的课程都不及格。 因而，他将被大学除名。
令我厌恶的是，他似乎屈从了自己的命运。
我知道还有希望，所以我让他去学
院的秘书那儿进行复议。
7
proceed to the College of Law,I told him,
lodging an appeal on his behalf,
which was
approved. Butch was granted reconsideration. And,
once we
became steadies, he coordinated his
studies and social life, passing all of his
classes. He eventually studied law.
7
我告诉他：“你要先从宾夕法尼亚大学拿到政治学学士学位，然后进入法律学
院。”我以他
的名义递交了呈请书，结果被批准了。 校方同意复议布奇的情况。
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我们的男女朋友关系一
经确定，他就协调了他的学习和社交生活，结果各门课
都通过了。 他最终学了法律。
8 Despite Butch's somewhat wild character, at
his core, he is always a perfect
gentleman and
deserves a lot of credit for that. True, he'd
sometimes take the
liberty of displaying his
love by planting a kiss on my lips right in front
of my
astonished friends who watched and
disapproved. But the truth is we had a
pure
and responsible relationship for seven full years.
Sitting by the palm trees,
hand in hand, we
would listen to romantic songs, watch the sunset,
and weave
dreams of being together with
children of our own, forever.
8
尽管布奇的性格有点野，但他在骨子里却是一个完美的绅士，这值得高度赞
扬。的确，
他有时会在我朋友面前亲吻我的嘴，擅自表达他的爱。我的朋友看
到了很惊讶，也很不以为 然。 但事
实上，我们在整整七年的恋爱关系中一直
是纯洁和负责的。我们坐在棕榈树下，手牵着手，听着浪漫的歌
曲，观赏着日
落，编织着和我们自己的孩子在一起的美梦，一直到 永远。
9
Two years passed in a blur. One day, Butch took me
by surprise as he knelt
down and proposed
marriage holding a dozen red roses! Filled with
deep
emotion, I confessed my love for him,
woke up from fantasy land. I cried out,
tie the knot. We haven't even graduated from
college yet!
but was pessimistic about our
chances for success.
9 两年糊里糊涂地过去了。
一天，布奇出其不意地手捧着一打红玫瑰跪下向我
求婚。 我心
中充满了深情，也坦诚了对他的爱：“太太太太太浪漫了！！” 可
我随即从幻想中惊醒。 我
大喊出来：“天哪。不！我们现在结婚还太早了。我
们甚至还没有大学毕业呢！” 我真的很喜
欢他，但我对我们感情修成正果的机
率却持悲观态度。
10 We
married five years later.
10 五年后，我们结了婚。
11 Our faithful journey of love and learning
took us down rocky roads of
hardship and on
smooth easy-going highways. It is a long,
romantic,
sometimes crazy, love story that
sums up a 29-year long honeymoon together
as a
couple who are still madly in love with each
other. Our love commenced
with a casual
attraction but bloomed into a mature love and rich
life.
11
我们忠实的爱和学习之旅带我们走过艰难崎岖的岩石路，走上平坦易行的公
路。 它是一
个永久、浪漫，有时又疯狂的爱情故事。它诠释了一对仍在疯狂
地爱着对方的夫妇如何一起 度过了
29 年之久的蜜月。 我们的爱从漫不经心
的互相吸引开始，但最终却发展出成熟的爱
情和富足的生活。
Unit 5 Section A
Spend or save — The student's dilemma
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花钱还是存钱，学生进退维谷
1 Do you
feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this
question,
I spend or should I save?I think
that the messages we get from our
environment
seem to defy common sense and contradict each
other. The
government tells us to spend or
we'll never get out of the recession. At the
same time, they tell us that unless we save
more, our country is in grave
danger. Banks
offer higher interest rates so we increase
savings. Then the
same banks send us credit
card offers so we can spend more.
1
你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑，且有被操
纵的感觉？ 我觉
得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相
矛盾的。 政府告诉我们要花钱，
否则我们将永远走不出衰退；与此同时，他
们又告诉我们，除非我们节省更多的钱，否则我
们的国家会处于严重危险之中。
银行提供较高的利率以增加储蓄。 然后，同样是这些银行
又提供信用卡让我
们可以花更多的钱。
2 Here's another
familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card
bill on time,
we get demanding, nasty emails
from the credit card company saying
something
like:
be in trouble!
tone telling us how
valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to
resume
depiction is correct: a failing
consumer in trouble or a valued
customer? The
gap between these two messages is enormous.
2
这里还有一个大家熟悉的例子：如果我们不按时支付信用卡账单，我们会收
到从信用卡
公司发来的类似这样的令人讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件：不还款是
不可接受的。请立即缴付，
否则后果自负！ 之后，一旦还款，我们就会收到
一封跟进的电子邮件，语气和蔼可亲，说
我们是多么宝贵的客户，并鼓励我们
继续花钱。 到底哪一个描述是正确的？有麻烦的失败
消费者还是宝贵的客户？
这两者之间可是天壤之别！
3 The
paradox is that every day we get two sets of
messages at odds with
each other. One is the
need this!The other we could call an message,
which urges us,
hard and save. Suspend your
desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your
appetite
for more than you truly need.
sources: from
school, from parents, even from political figures
referring to
valuesHard work, family loyalty,
and the capacity to postpone
desires are core
American values that have made our country great.
3 自相矛盾的情况还有，我们每天都收到彼此相左的两种信息。
一种从“纵容”
的角度，让我 们“买东西，花钱，现在就得到它。你需要这个！”
另外一种，
我们可称之为“正直”的信息，
它力劝我们：“努力工作，把钱存起来。控制
你的欲望，不要买奢侈品，不要垂涎那些你并
不真正需要的东西。” 这类信息
来源甚多，有学校方面的，有家长方面的，甚至还来自提及
传统价值观的政治
人物。 艰苦创业，忠于家庭、能推迟欲望是美国价值观的核心，它使我
们的
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国家变得强大。
4
But the opposite message, advertising's permissive
message, is inescapable.
Though sometimes
disguised, the messages are everywhere we look: on
TV,
in movies on printed media and road signs,
in stores, and on busses, trains
and subways.
Advertisementsinvade our daily lives. We are
constantly
surrounded by the message to spend,
spend, spend. Someone recently said,
4
但相反的信息，即那些纵容人们不断花钱的广告，无所不在。 虽然此类信息
有时经过了
乔装打扮，但仍随处可见，电视、电影、印刷媒介和路牌、商店，
及公共汽车、火车和地铁
上，比比皆是。 广告侵入了我们的日常生活。 我们
时时被包围在花钱，花钱，花钱的信息
中。最近有人说：“唯一可以逃脱广告
的时候是当在床上睡着时！”
5
It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the
average American will have
seen 600,000 ads;
by the age of 40, the total is almost one million.
Each
advertisement is doing its utmost to
influence our diverse buying decisions,
from
the breakfast cereal we eat to whichcruise line we
will use for our
vacation. There is no
shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of
course, we
don't remember exactly what the
products were, but the essential message is
cemented into our consciousness, good to
satisfy your desires. You
should have what you
want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it
—
now!
myself. I do what makes me feel
good. I derive pleasure from nice things and
feel nourished by them. I used to put things
off. Not anymore. Today I'll buy
new ski
equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that
camera I've always
wanted. I live my dreams
today, not tomorrow.
5 据计算，普通的美国人到 18 岁时，会看过
60 万则广告；到 40 岁时，看
过的广告总数近 百万。
每个广告都在尽最大努力影响我们形形色色的购买决
定——从我们吃的早餐麦片到
我们的假期将使用哪条邮轮线路。 决不会缺少
怎么花钱和买什么东西的广告！ 现在，我们
当然不能确切地记得广告上的产
品，但重要的信息已凝聚在我们的意识里：“要满足你的愿
望。你应该拥有你
想要的。你应该得到最好的。所以，你应该买下它——现在！”一个著名
的广
告诠释得很完美：“我爱自己。我是自己的好朋友。我做让我感觉舒服的事。我
从精美 的
东西里得到乐趣，并感觉到它们给我的滋养。我过去常想着等一下再
买，现在再也不会了。今天，我会购
买全新的滑雪装备，看看新型的小巧灵便
的轿车，买下那台我一直想要的相机。
我今天就要实现我的梦想，不会等到明
天。”
6 What happens
as we take in these contradictory but explicit
messages?
What are the psychological and
social consequences of this campaign to
control our spending habits? On one hand, we
want more things because we
want to satisfy
our material appetite. Most of us derive pleasure
from treating
ourselves. On the other hand, a
little voice inside us echoes those upright
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messages: out,
takestock of your life, don't let your attention
get
scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't
fall into debt. Wait! Retain control over
your
own life. It will make you stronger.
6
当我们接受这些相互矛盾但很明确的信息时，会有什么事情发生呢？ 这种控
制我们花钱
习惯的宣传活动会造成什么心理和社会上的影响呢？ 一方面，我
们希望买更多的东西，来
满足我们的物质欲望。 我们中的大多数通过善待自
己来得到乐趣。 与此同时，我们身体里
面有一个微弱的声音与那些正直的信
息在共鸣：“当心，要掂量掂量自己的生活，不要让注
意力分散。推迟欲望。
不要陷入债务。要等待！保留对自己生活的控制权。这会让你更坚强。 ”
7 Anyway, many of the skills you need as
a successful student can be applied
to your
finances. Consider your financial well-being as a
key ingredient of your
university education as
money worries are extremely stressful and
distracting.
They can make you feel terrible
and hinder your ability to focus on your prime
objective: successfully completing your
education.
7 总之，一个成功的学生所需要的很多技能可以应用到你的财务中去。
把良好
的财务状况
看成是大学教育中的一个关键因素，因为对金钱的担忧会让人倍感
压力，并让人分心。 它
们会让你感觉很糟糕，并阻止你专注首要目标，即成
功完成学业。
8 How
can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many
schools,
community organizations, and even
some banks offer financial literacy classes.
Consider consulting with your school's
financial aid office or seek input from
your
parents or other respected adults in setting up a
budget. An additional
option is finding a
partner to help you stay on track and find
pleasure in the
administration of your own
financial affairs. Most importantly, if you find
yourself getting into financial trouble, don't
let your ego get in your way;
urgently get
help with tackling your problem before it spins
out of control and
lands you in legal
troubles.
8 怎样才能成为一个聪明、有相关知识的消费者呢？
许多学校、社区组织，甚
至一些银行
都提供金融扫盲班。可以考虑向学校的财务援助办公室咨询，或向
父母或其他值得尊敬的成
年人请教如何建立一个预算方案。 另外一个选择是
找一个合作伙伴来帮你保持良好的财务
状况，并在管理自己的金融事务中找到
乐趣。 最重要的是，如果你发现自己正陷入财务困
境，不要让你的自大妨碍
你，在情况变得失控并惹上法律麻烦前，赶紧寻求帮助来解决问题。
9 All this will help you become an
educated consumer and saver. As you learn
to
balance spending and saving, you will become the
captain of your own
ship,steering your life in
a successful and productive direction through the
choppy waters.
9
这一切都将帮助你成为一个拥有相关知识的消费者和储蓄者。 学会了如何平
衡支出和储
蓄，你就会成为你自己的船长，驾驶着你的生活之船，乘风破浪，
驶向成功和富有。
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Unit 6 Section A
Door closer, are you?
关门者”，你是吗？
1 The
next time you're deciding between rival options,
one which is primary
and the other which is
secondary, ask yourself this question: What would
Xiang Yu do?
1
下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自
己这样一个
问题：项羽会怎么做？
2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese
imperial general in the third century BC who took
his troops across the Zhang River on a raid
into enemy territory. To his troops'
astonishment, he ordered their cooking pots
crushed and their sailing ships
burned.
2
项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河，
突袭进入了 敌方的领地。
他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。
3 He explained that
he was imposing on them a necessity for attaining
victory
over their opponents. What he said was
surely motivating, but it wasn't really
appreciated by many of his loyal soldiers as
they watched their vessels go up
in flames.
But the genius of General Xiang Yu's conviction
would be validated
both on the battlefield and
in modern social science research. General Xiang
Yu was a rare exception to the norm, a veteran
leader who was highly
respected for his many
conquests and who achieved the summit of success.
3 他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞
士气，但当
他那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，
他们并不赞成他的做 法。
不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天
赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究 中都将得到肯定。
项羽将军是一个罕见的
不墨守成规的人，他是一位经验丰富的领袖，由
于他征战无数并达到了成功的
顶峰，他深受尊敬。
4 He is
featured in Dan Ariely's enlightening new
publication, Predictably
Irrational, a
fascinating investigation of seemingly irrational
human behavior,
such as the tendency for
keeping multiple options open. Most people can't
marshal the will for painful choices, not even
students at the Massachusetts
Institute of
Technology (MIT), where Dr. Ariely teaches
behavioral economics.
In an experiment that
investigated decision-making, hundreds of students
couldn't bear to let their options vanish,
even though it was clear they
wouldprofit from
doing so.
4 丹· 阿雷利极富启迪性的新书
《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。
这本书对看似
非理性的人类行为，譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向，进
行了引人入胜的调查。 大
多数人都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择，麻
省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济学这门
课的学生也不例外。 在调查作决策
的一项实验中，几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们
的选择机会消失，即使
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他们很清楚这样做对他们有利。
5 The experiment
revolved around a game that eliminated the excuses
we
usually have for refusing to let go. In the
real world, we can always say,
good to
preserve our options.
from soccer, ballet,
piano, and Chinese lessons, but her parents won't
stop any
one of them because they might come
in handy some day!
5
实验是围绕着一个游戏展开的，这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。
在现实世界
里，我们总会说：“保留我们的选择机会是对的。” 想要一个好的
例子吗？ 一个十多岁的女
孩被足球、芭蕾舞、钢琴、中文课给累得筋疲力尽，
但她的父母不会让她停止任何一项活动，
理由是它们有一天可能会派上用场！
6 In the experiment
sessions, students played a computer game that
provided
cash behind three doors appearing on
the screen. The rule was the more
money you
earned, the better player you were, given a total
of 100 clicks.
Every time the students opened
a door by clicking on it, they would use up one
click but wouldn't get any money. However,
each subsequent click on that door
would earn
a fluctuating sum of money, with one door always
revealing more
money than the others. The
important part of the rule was each door switch,
though having no cash value, would also use up
one of the 100 clicks.
Therefore, the winning
strategy was to quickly check all the doors and
keep
clicking on the one with the seemingly
highest rewards.
6 在这个实验里，学生要玩一个电脑游戏:
在电脑屏幕上会显示三扇门，每扇
门后都会提供 一些现金。 该游戏的规则是每个人都只能点击
100 次，你点击
获取的钱越多，你就玩得越 好。
学生每点击一次打开一扇门，他们会用掉一
个点击数，但却不会得到任何钱。 然而，
随后接着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数额不等的钱，三扇门显示的钱总有
一扇比另外两
扇多。 这个游戏规则的重点是虽然每次换门没有金钱回报，可
还是会用掉一次点击数。 所
以，制胜战略是要迅速查看所有的门，然后只点
击那扇似乎是钱最多的门。
7
While playing the game, students noticed a
modified visual element: Any
door left un-
clicked for a short while would shrink in size and
vanish. Since
they already understood the
game, they should have ignored the vanishing
doors. Nevertheless, they hurried to click on
the lesser doors before they
vanished, trying
to keep them open. As a result, they wasted so
many clicks
rushing back to the vanishing
doors that they lost money in the end. Why were
the students so attached to the lesser doors?
They would probably protest that
they were
clinging to the doors to keep future options open,
but, according to
Dr. Ariely, that isn't the
true factor.
7
在玩游戏时，学生们注意到了一个视觉上的变化：如果有片刻没点击某扇门，
那扇门就
会慢慢缩小并消失。由于他们已了解了游戏规则，他们本应对要消失
的门不予理睬。 然而，
在它们消失以前，他们却迫不及待地去点击那些变小
的门，试图让它们开启着。 结果是，
他们在匆忙回去点击那些快消失的门时
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浪费了很多点击数以至于最后输了钱。 为什么学生 对那些变小的门如此依恋
呢？
他们可能会争辩说，他们紧抓住这些门是为将来多留一些机
会。但是，
据阿雷利博士说，这不是真正的原因。
8 Instead of
the excuse to maintain future options open,
underneath it all the
students' desire was to
avoid the immediate, though temporary, pain of
watching options close.
and people are
willing to pay a big price to avoid the emotion of
loss,
says. In the experiment, the price was
easily measured in lost cash. In life, the
corresponding costs are often less obvious
such as wasted time or missed
opportunities.
8 在他们为将来多留一些机会的借口背后反映出的是所有的学生都不堪目睹眼
前的选择机
会被剥夺，尽管这种痛苦是临时的。 阿雷利博士说：“每闭上一扇
选择之门就如同经受了一
次损失，人们宁愿付出很大的代价，也要避免情感的
失落。” 在实验中，损失很容易用丢失
的现金来衡量。 在生活中，相应的损
失就往往没那么明显，如浪费时间，错过机会。
9
Dr. Ariely writes.
the childhood of
our sons and daughters is slipping away.
9
“有时候，这些门是慢慢关闭的，我们没有看到它们在悄然消失，”阿雷利博
士写道：“我们
可能花很多时间在工作上，却没有意识到我们子女的童年正在
悄悄溜走。”
10
So, what can be done to restore balance in our
lives? One answer, Dr.
Ariely says, is to
implement more prohibitions on overbooking. We can
work to
reduce options on our own, delegating
tasks to others and even giving away
ideas for
others to pursue. He points to marriage as an
example,
we create a situation where we
promise ourselves not to keep options open.
We
close doors and announce to others we've closed
doors.
10
那么，我们可以做些什么让我们的生活恢复平衡呢？阿雷利博士说，一个办
法是制止更 多的超额预约。
我们可以自己减少选择，将任务委派给其他人，
甚至放弃一些点子，让其 他人去做。
他用婚姻作为例子：“在婚姻中，我们承
诺不保留选择机会，我们就创造了获得
最佳选择的有利局面。我们关上可选择
的门，并告诉别人我们已作出选择。”
11 Since conducting the door experiment, Dr.
Ariely says he has made a
conscious effort to
lessen his load. He urges the rest of us to resign
from
committees, prune holiday card lists,
rethink hobbies and remember the
lessons of
door closers like Xiang Yu.
11
阿雷利博士说，自从进行了这个点击门的实验，他已经有意识地努力减轻自
己的负担。 他
敦促我们辞去委员会的工作，删减送节日贺卡的名单，重新思
考兴趣爱好，并记住像项羽那
样的关门者给我们的启示。
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12
In other words, Dr. Ariely is encouraging us to
discard those things that
seem to have outward
merit in favor of those things that actually
enrich our
lives. We are naturally prejudiced
to believe that more is better, but Dr. Ariely's
research provides a dose of reality that
strongly suggests otherwise.
12
换言之，他是鼓励我们放弃那些似乎只有表面价值的东西，而去追求那些能
真正丰富我 们生活的东西。
我们很自然、很偏执地相信选择越多越好，但阿
雷利博士的研究却强有力 地告诉我们事实并非如此。
13 What price do we pay for trying to
have more and more in life? What
pleasure and
satisfaction can be derived from focusing our
energy and
attention in a more concentrated
fashion? Surely, we will have our respective
answers.
13
我们想在生活中得到越来越多选择的代价是什么？我们能从更集中的精力
和注意力中
获得什么样的喜悦和满足？ 当然，我们每个人都会有自己的答案。
14
Consider these important questions: Will we have
more by always
increasing options or will we
have more with fewer, carefully chosen options?
What doors should we close in order to allow
the right windows of opportunity
and happiness
to open?
14
试想一下这些重要的问题：怎么做会使我们获得更多，是不断增加选择，还
是只保持少
数精心挑选的选择？ 我们应关闭什么门，以便让机会和幸福之窗
打开？
Unit 7 section A Woman at the management
level
女性管理者
1 When Monica applied for a
job as an administrative assistant in 1971, she
was asked whether she would rather work for a
male or a female attorney.
immediately said a
man,
relationship was more natural, needing no
personal accommodation
whatsoever.
said,
to their employees; they're much more
sensitive and intimate with their
employees.
1 当莫妮卡 1971
年申请一个行政助理的工作时，有人问她想与男律师共事还
是与女律师共 事。
“我马上说想与男律师共事，”她说。 “我认为男老板和
女雇员的关系更自然，丝毫不需 互相调整。
” 但 20 年后，有人问她同样的
问题时，她说： “令我感到惊喜的是，对员工来说，
女上司更容易接近，她
们更能理解人，与员工更亲密。”
2 Female
bosses today are still finding they face subtle
resistance. There is
still a segment of the
population, both men and, surprisingly, women who
report low tolerance for female bosses. The
growing presence of female
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bosses has also provoked two
major questions that revolve around styles: Do
men and women manage differently, and, if so,
is that a good thing?
2
今天的女上司仍然发现，她们面临着不易察觉的阻力。 还是有一部分人——
有男性，令
人惊讶的是还有女性——说很难忍受为女性工作。 女上司的不断
涌现，也引出了与工作方
式有关的两个主要问题：男人和女人管理风格不同吗？
如果有不同，是一件好事吗？
3 Monica is disposed to think so, on both
counts. Now a 40-year-old mother of
four, she
is president of a public sector labor union with
45,000 members.
with my employees are probably
different from those of male
managers
preceding me,
say my kid got the mumps so I
won't be coming in. I have a more flexible style
— not soft, just more man who is Monica's
assistant
agrees,
People are happy and
flourish because they have an input into decisions
and
they are not mere bystanders; their
energies are harnessed. On the other hand,
consensus takes longer.
3
莫妮卡对这两个问题都持肯定的意见。 莫妮卡现在 40 岁，有四个孩子，并
且是一位拥有
45,000 名成员的公共部门工会的主席。 “我与员工的关系可能
跟在我之前的前任男性主管不
同， ”她说。 “我知道当有人不得不打电话来
说孩子得了腮腺炎而不能来上班是一种什么样的
状况。我的风格更灵活，这不
是软弱，只是多了一点理解。” 莫妮卡的男助理表示赞成：“她
往往放权更多，
并总是寻求共识。大家都很开心，也有成就感，因为他们参与了决策，而不
是单纯的旁观者。他们的能量得到了利用。当然从另一方面看，通过协商而达
成一致意见需
要的时间要长一些。”
4 So, are the differences
symbolic or real? Plausible studies suggest that
men
are typically hierarchical, goal-oriented
and feel entitled. Women, by contrast,
manage
diplomatically, and share power. That point of
view is often challenged
and argued. Some
proclaim that men and women of similar
backgrounds,
experience and aspirations
basically manage in the same way. This view is
echoed by younger women, especially those who
have encountered little
gender discrimination.
That was certainly the lesson for Nicole. When her
father died of a heart attack, she was an
employee at a petroleum products
export
company. She quit and took over her family's
160-acre fruit farm in
's County. On her first
day in the field, a worker called her
stood erect and said, ‘You wouldn't have
called my father darling and you're
not going
to take that liberty with me. If you do, I'll fire
you.'
4 那么，这种差异是象征性的还是实质性的呢？
可靠的研究指出，男人通常有
等级观念， 以目标为导向，喜欢有权力的感觉。
相反，女人则是灵活变通的，
愿意分享权力。 这一观 点往往受到质疑和争论。
有人宣称，有类似的背景、
经验和抱负的男女，基本上管理方式 相同。
那些年轻女性，特别是很少遭受
性别歧视的女性，也是这样认为的。 妮可尔无疑从 中得到了教训。
当她的父
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亲因心脏病去世时，她是一家石油产品出口公司的雇员。 她辞了 职，接管了
她家在圣大卫县
160 英亩的果园。 她第一天出现在果园时，一名工人称她为
“亲 爱的”。
“他是想试探我。我气得发抖，”现年 34 岁的妮可尔说。 “我
挺直腰板站在那里跟他
说：‘你不会称我父亲亲爱的，所以你也没有权利这样
称呼我。如果你再这样做，我会解雇 你。’”
5 When women work for women, a different
dynamic often takes over. Susan,
a cashier in
a Toronto auction house, says that she has
explored friendships
with some of her female
bosses and feels she can rely on them more. While
women may feel more at ease with a female
boss, men often have to make
concessions to
the new working styles. Brian, a marine biologist,
says,
me a couple of years before I felt
comfortable enough to relax around a female
manager. In fact, my relations with her were
much more businesslike.
5
当女性为女上司工作时，往往会用一种不同的工作和交流方式。 苏珊是多伦
多一家拍卖
行的收银员，她说，她与一些女上司建立起了友谊，她感到她们更
能够依靠。 虽然女性可
能会觉得与女上司相处时更自然，男性却往往不得不
作出改变以适应女上司新的工作方 式。
海洋生物学家布赖恩说：“我花了几年
时间才能在与女经理共事时感到轻松自如。事实
上，之前我与她的关系更多只
是一种务实的工作关系。”
6 To some
extent, the male-female differences come down to
conflicting styles.
One female vice-president
discussed the time she burst into tears during a
meeting. think that tears are a nuclear weapon
in a conventional war.
They take exception to
a woman crying, inferring that she's feeling
unhappy or
violated.
hurt but genuine rage.
that has no appropriate release,she says. cry;
men get relief by
going on with the offense or
by veiling their feelings to appear composed.
6 从某种程度上说，男女之间的差异归根结底是工作方式的冲突。 一位女副总
裁谈到她在
一次会议上忍不住落泪的经历时说：“男人认为女人的眼泪就是常
规战争中的核武器。他们
对女人的哭泣很不满，认为她们是感觉不愉快或受到
了侵犯。” 男人不明白，促使她掉泪的
不是因为受到伤害，而是真正的愤怒。
“我们哭泣是因为我们所有这一切合理的愤怒没有适
当的地方释放，”她说。
“女人通过哭来释放情绪，男人通过继续冒犯或掩盖自己的情绪以显
示镇定自
若来释放情绪。”
7 Deborah, president of
a firm with its headquarters in Toronto, says that
even
if men do understand, they sometimes
react differently to the identical
information
and to her cooperative management style.
7
德博拉是一家总部在多伦多的公司的总裁，她表示，即使男人明白是怎么回
事，有时他
们对同样的信息、对她的合作型管理风格也会有不同的反应。
8 Deborah
says that her authority is sometimes undermined by
perceptions
about her gender.
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men and women,
wouldn't
take as much notice as when Dad told you to do
things. Men also
have a stronger urge to
control,
8 德博拉说，她的权威有时因性别观念作祟而受到损害。
“这源于整个社会对
男性和女性的 传统角色的界定，”她说。
“妈妈会让你做事情，但也许你不会
像爸爸让你做事情那样在意。 男人也有更强的控制欲。”她说。
9 For female bosses, the great
expectation of some female employees is one
more obstacle. Junior women assume a female
boss will promote them more
quickly than a man
would. But, they also expect female bosses to be
more
self-sufficient.
you do your own
filing?'
9 对女上司来说，一些女员工过高的期望是另一个障碍。
职位较低的女员工认
为女上司会 比男上司更迅速地提拔她们。
但是，她们也希望女上司能揽下更
多的事。一位资深的女主
管说：“她们会问，‘为什么你不能自己扫描文件？’
或‘为什么你不能自己整理文件？’”
10 On the other hand, there is no dispute
that a few decades ago they would
rarely have
had a female boss in the workplace. Nina, a
management
consultant says she's vaguely
optimistic.
I die, when we recognize that the
best management styles will be composed of
the
best that both genders bring to the table
...
before she dies, perhaps in her daughter's
lifetime.
10
另一方面，几十年前人们工作的地方几乎不可能有女上司，这一点毫无争议。
管理顾问
尼娜说自己审慎乐观。 “我期待某一天，在我临死之前，我们会意
识到最好的管理风格是由
男女双方带来的最佳组合……” 嗯，她停顿了一下，
可能不是在她去世之前，也许在她女儿
的有生之年会实现吧。
Unit 8 Section A
Animals or children? — A scientist's choice
动物还是孩子？—— 一位科学家的选择
1 I am the enemy! I am
one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists
involved
in animal research. These rumors
sting, for I have never thought of myself as
an evil person. I became a children's doctor
because of my love for children
and my supreme
desire to keep them healthy. During medical school
and
residency, I saw many children die of
cancer and bloodshed from injury —
circumstances against which medicine has made
great progress but still has a
long way to go.
More importantly, I also saw children healthy
thanks to
advances in medical science such as
infant breathing support, powerful new
medicines and surgical techniques and the
entire field of organ transplantation.
My
desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy,
happy children drew me to
medical research.
1 我就是那个敌人！ 我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学
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家之一。 这
些谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。 我成
为一位儿科医生，因为我
爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。 在
医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看
到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽
然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。 更重
要的是，我还看到孩子们能
保持健康得益于医学的进步，如婴儿呼吸支持器，功效强大的新
药物和外科手
术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。 我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事
医
学研究。
2 My accusers have twisted the
truth into a fable and cast me as the devil.
They claim that I have no moral compass, that
I torture innocent animals for
the sole
purpose of career advancement, and that my
experiments have no
relevance to medicine.
Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches,
convinced that the issue has no significance,
and publicity-conscious senators
and
politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying
of animal rights activists.
2
控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。 他们声称我没有道
德界限，我
折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实
验根本与医药毫不相 关。
与此同时，无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问，相信这
个议题毫无意义，而具有宣传意识
的参议员和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的
游说不断作出让步。
3 We,
in medical research, have also been unbelievably
uncaring. We have
allowed the most extreme
animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the
issue as one of
a knowledgeable public
would consent to the importance of animal research
for public health. Perhaps we have been
mistaken in not responding to the
emotional
tone of the argument. Perhaps we should have
responded to those
sad slogans and posters of
animals by waving equally sad posters of children
dying of cancer or external wounds.
3
我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。 我们允许最极端的
动物权利活
动家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物
的仇恨。 我们一直坚信，有
知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。
也许我们的错误是没有对这场争论的感
性基调作出反应。 也许我们早应该挥
动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同样令人伤心的海报，来
回应那些关于动物受害的
伤感标语及海报。
4 In the animal
rights forum, much is made of the volume of pain
these animals
experience in the name of
medical science. Activists deny that we are trying
to
help and say it is evidence of our evil and
cruel nature. A more reasonable
argument,
however, can be advanced in our defense. Life is
often cruel to
animals and human beings.
Teenagers are flung from trucks and suffer severe
head injuries. Young children barely able to
walk find themselves at the bottom
of swimming
pools while a parent is occupied with something
else. From
everyday germs to gang violence, no
life is free of pain. Physicians hoping to
relieve the eternal suffering of these
tragedies have only three choices: 1)
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create an animal model of the
problem to understand the process and test new
therapies; 2) experiment on human beings (some
experiments will succeed,
most will fail); or
3) leave medical knowledge static, hoping that
accidental
discoveries will lead us forward.
4 动物权利论坛大肆宣扬我们如何以医学的名义使这些动物经受巨大的痛苦。
动物权利活
动家们否认我们正在努力帮助人类，并说这是我们邪恶和残忍本性
的证据。然而，一个更合
理的论点可用来为我们进行辩护。 生活往往对动物
和人类都是残酷的。 青少年被甩到卡车
外，导致头部严重受伤。 还不太会走
路的孩子们溺水沉到游泳池底部时，他们的家长正忙
于其他事务。 从常见的
的细菌侵害到帮派的暴力，没有谁能不受伤害。 医生们希望能永远
减轻这些
悲剧带给人们身体上的痛苦，他们只有三个选择：1）用动物做实验，以了解整
个
医疗过程和测试新的疗法；2）进行人体实验（一些实验会成功，大多数会
失败）；3）让
对医疗知识的了解处于停滞状态，希望偶然的发现会带领我们向
前。
5 Some animal rights activists would suggest
an optional fourth choice,
claiming that
computer models can create animal experiments,
thus omitting
actual experiments. Computers
can imitate the effects of well-understood
principles on complex systems, as in the
application of the laws of physics to
airplane
and automobile design. However, when the
principles themselves are
in question, as is
the case with the complex biological systems of
human life
under study, computer modeling
alone is of little value.
5
一些动物权利活动家会提出第四个选项，他们声称计算机可以模拟动物实验，
这样就可
省去真实的实验过程。 计算机可以模拟一些为人所熟知的原理在复
杂系统中的应用效果，
就如物理规律在飞机和汽车设计中的应用那样。 然而，
当原理本身有问题时，就跟正处于
研究阶段的复杂的生物系统的情况一样，仅
靠计算机模拟成效甚微。
6 One of the terrifying effects of arresting
the use of animals in medical
research is that
the impact will not be felt for years or even
decades. Drugs to
cure infection will remain
undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques
will
remain undeveloped, and fundamental
biological processes that might have
been
understood will remain mysteries. There is the
danger that quick
decisions by well-meaning
politicians will create resolution to
diplomatically
satisfy the small minority of
loud protestors while the consequences and
damaging impact of those decisions will not be
apparent until long after.
6
阻止用动物来进行医学研究的可怕后果之一是，其影响要到几年甚至几十年
后才能被人
知晓：治愈感染的新药物将无法被发现，外科手术和诊断技术将得
不到发展，那些有可能被
发掘的基本生物学进程将是未解之谜。 危险的是，
那些善意的政治家匆忙作出决定后拿出
的解决方案只是策略性地满足了那一
小部分大声疾呼的示威者，这些决定的后果和造成的破
坏性影响要很久才会显
现。
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7 Fortunately, most of us enjoy good
health, and the agony of watching one's
child
die has become a rare experience. Yet our good
fortune should not make
us unappreciative.
Protection from serious sickness and drugs to
combat heart
disease, high blood pressure and
stroke are all based on animal research.
Most
complex surgical procedures such as heart or hip
surgery and organ
transplantation surgeries
were initially developed in animals. Techniques to
replace defective genes, the cause of so much
disease, as well as the
development of
synthetic organs are presently undergoing animal
studies.
These studies, and any subsequent
advances, will effectively end if animal
research is severely restricted.
7
幸运的是，我们大多数人都享有健康的体魄，眼睁睁地看着孩子死亡之苦已
不多见。 然
而，对于能够享受健康或享受医学进步能带来的健康我们不应该
不心存感激。 对严重疾病
的预防和用于心脏病、高血压和中风的药物都基于
对动物的研究。 大多复杂的外科手术，
如心脏或髋关节手术、器官移植手术
最初都是在动物实验中进行的。 取代导致众多疾病的
缺陷基因的技术，以及
人造器官的发展，目前正处于动物实验研究阶段。 如果动物研究严
格受限，
这些研究和其后的任何进展都将彻底地宣告结束。
8 In America today, death has become an event
isolated from our daily
existence. As a doctor
who has watched many children die and seen their
parents' infinite grief, I am particularly
angered by any minute expression of
caring for
the suffering of creatures and so little for sick
and dying human
beings. People are too
protected from the reality of human life and death
and
what it means.
8
在今天的美国，死亡已经成为我们日常生活中孤立少见的事。 作为一个看见
过许多儿童
死亡和他们父母悲痛至极的医生，我感到特别愤怒的是，有人对动
物的痛苦表达入微，但对
生病和生命垂危的人却冷漠无情。 人们受到了太多
的保护, 以至于他们感觉不到现实世界
里的生与死，也感觉不到其所代表的真
实意义。
9
Make no mistake, however. I would never advocate
needless cruel treatment
of animals. The
animal rights movement has made a contribution in
making us
more aware of animals' needs and the
need to search harder for suitable
alternatives. But if the more radical members
of this movement are successful
in threatening
further research, their efforts will bring about a
tragedy that will
cost many lives. Hence the
real question is whether an uncaring majority can
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be aroused to protect
its future against a loud, but misdirected,
minority.
9 但别搞错，我从来不提倡对动物实行不必要的残忍对待。
动物权利运动使我
们更加意识 到动物应有的权利，以及努力寻找合适替代品的需要。
但是，如
果有更多的动物权利运动
的激进分子成功地阻止了进一步的研究，那他们的努
力会造成以许多人的生命为代价的悲 剧。
因此，真正的问题是我们能否唤起
大多数漠不关心的民众来保护动物实验的将来，以
反对嗓门挺大、但却是被误
导的那一小部分人。
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新视野大学英语 第二册 读写教程 课文翻译
074158
提供的参考答案
Unit 1 Text A An
impressive Engli lsesson
标题: 一堂难忘的英语课
1. 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他
而言，我是
一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语
法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感
。
2. 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来
的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”
3.
她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！”
4.
没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语
句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强
烈的忧虑。
5. 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能
够区分诸如
theirtherethey're 之间的不同，或区别 complimentary
跟
complementary 之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分
不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。
6.
学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货
店的指示牌会把他们引向
stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记
本等真正的
stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣
称 They've
just ate。实际上，他们应该说 They've just
eaten。因此，批
评学生不合乎清理。
7.
对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语
熟练程度制定出更高的标准
。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少
之又少。还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要
的语言结构方面的知识，
因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他<
br>们并没把语言的基本框架一一准确的语法和恰当的词汇一一充分地传授给学生。
8.
因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一
步、注重技巧地进行。有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时，
他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳，就说：“它飞的不稳。（It's flying so
unsteady.)
我小心翼翼地问：“儿子，鸟怎么飞?”“有问题吗？我说得不对吗？（Did
I say
anything incorrectly?）”他一头雾水。“太好了，你说的是
incorrectly 而
不是 incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以，要用
unsteadily 来描述鸟
飞，而不是 unsteady。”
9.
他对我的纠正很好奇，就问我什么是副词。我慢慢解释道：“副词是用来修
饰动词的词。”这又导致了
他询问我什么是动词。我解释说：“动词是表示行为
的词，例如：爸爸开卡车。‘开’是动词，因为它是
爸爸在做的事。”
10.
他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣，所以我们又罗列了几个动词：“飞行”、
“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑
步”。然后，他又好奇地问我，其他的词有没有说明它们
的用法和功能的名称。这就引发了我们对名词、
形容词和冠词的讨论。在短短
十分钟的驾驶时间内，他从对语法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性
。
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这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。
11. 也许，语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品：我们要常常查看路线图
（核对语法）
和调整汽车的引擎（调节词汇）。学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好
比拿着路线图在车况良好的车里驾驶。
12. 路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路
途指南，可是它不会告诉你一
路上你究竟会看见什么树或什么花，你会遇见什么样的人，或会有什么样的
感
受。这里，词汇会使你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生。大量的词汇让你享受
到开车途中所
见的点点滴滴。借助语法和丰富的词汇，你就有了灵活性，掌控
自如。路线图会把你带到目的地，而一台
好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途
的所有景色、声音及经历之中。
13. 对学生来说，有效
、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大
有利条件，可是学校并没有教他们这些。
14. 就在今天早上，我跟儿子吃早饭时，我想把牛奶加入我的茶里。“爸爸，”
他说，“如果我是你的话，我不会这样做。牛奶会变酸。（If I were you, I
wouldn't
do that. It's sour.）
15.
“哦，上帝！”我满怀着无比的骄傲说道，“这是一个语法完全正确的句子。
你用了 were 而不是
was。”
16. “我知道，我知道，”他愉悦地舒了口气，“这是虚拟语气！”
17. 这下轮到我“哇！”了。
Unit 2 Section A
The humanities: Out of date?
人文学科：过时了吗？
1
When the going gets tough, the tough take
accounting. When the job
market worsens, many
students calculate they can't major in English or
history.
They have to study something that
boosts their prospects of landing a job.
1
当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。 当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估
算着他们不能
再主修英语或历史。他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。
2 The data
show that as students have increasingly shouldered
the ever-rising
cost of tuition, they have
defected from the study of the humanities and
toward
applied science and
words, a
college education is more and more seen as a means
for economic
betterment rather than a means
for human betterment. This is a trend that is
likely to persist and even accelerate.
2
数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们
相信有益于
将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。 换言之，大学教育越来越被
看成是改善经济而不是提升人
类自身的手段。 这种趋势可能会持续，甚至有
加快之势。
3 Over the
next few years, as labor markets struggle, the
humanities will
probably continue their long
slide in succession. There already has been a
nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of
liberal arts majors over the past
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generation, and it is logical
to think that the trend is bound to continue or
even
accelerate. Once the dominant pillars of
university life, the humanities now
play
little roles when students take their college
tours. These days, labs are
more vivid and
compelling than libraries.
3
在未来几年内，由于劳动力市场的不景气，人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷
的态势。 在
上一代大学生中，主修文科的学生数跌幅已近 50%。这种趋势会
持续、甚至加速的想法是
合情合理的。 人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱，
而今在学生们的大学游中却只是一个小
点缀。现在，实验室要比图书馆更栩栩
如生、受人青睐。
4 Here,
please allow me to stand up for and promote the
true value that the
humanities add to people's
lives. Since ancient times, people have speculated
about the mystery of those inner forces that
drive some people to greatness
and others to
self-destruction. This inner drive has been called
many things
over the centuries. The famous
psychologist, Sigmund Freud, called it the
4 在这儿，请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣
传。
自古以 来，人们一直在思索人类自身具有什么神奇的内力使一些人变得
崇高伟大，而使另一些人走
向自我毁灭。 几个世纪以来，这股内力被称作很
多东西。 著名的心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊
德称之为“潜意识”，或更为人熟
知的“本能”。
5 From the
beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being,
this drive that can
be constructive or
destructive, has captured our imagination. The
stories of this
amazing struggle have formed
the basis of cultures the world over. Historians,
architects, authors, philosophers and artists
have captured the words, images
and meanings
of this inner struggle in the form of story,
music, myth, painting,
architecture,
sculpture, landscape and traditions. These men and
women
developed artistic
also educate
generations. This fertile body of work from
ancient times, the very
foundation of
civilization, forms the basis of study of the
humanities.
5
从一开始，人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力，就令我们
心驰神往。 这
些惊人的、充满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础。 历史
学家、建筑师、作家、哲学
家和艺术家们以故事、音乐、神话、绘画、建筑、
雕刻、风景画和传统的形式，捕捉到了这
些撞击心灵的文字、形象及内涵。 这
些男男女女创造出了具有艺术性的“语言”，帮助我们了
解人类的这些强烈愿
望，并用以教育一代又一代人。 从古时起开始的这些充满想象的大量
作品，
正是文明的底蕴，它奠定了人文研究的基础。
6 Studying
the humanities improves our ability to read and
write. No matter
what we do in life, we will
have a huge advantage if we can read complex
ideas and understand their meaning. We will
have a bright career if we are the
person in
the office who can write a clear and elegant
analysis of those ideas!
6
学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。 无论我们这一生中从事什么
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职业，如果我
们能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵，我们都会受益匪浅。 如
果我们是在办公室里能对
这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人，我们会有光
明的职业前景。
7
Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the
language of emotion and
the creative process.
In an information economy, many people have the
ability
to produce a useful product such as a
new MP3 player. Yet, very few people
have the
ability to create a spectacular brand: the iPod.
Most importantly,
studying the humanities
invests us with great insight and self-awareness,
thereby releasing our creative energy and
talent in a positive and constructive
manner.
7 学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程。 在信息经济
中，很多人
都有能力创造出一个如新的 MP3 播放器那样的有用产品。 然而，
仅有很少的人具有能力创
造出一个如 iPod 那样的精彩品牌。 最重要的是，
学习人文学科使我们具有伟大的洞察力和
自我意识，从而以积极和建设性的方
式来发挥我们的创造力和才艺。
8
Perhaps the best argument in favor of the
humanities is the scope of
possibilities that
are widely open to us. Did you know that James
Cameron,
world-famous director of the movie,
Titanic, graduated with a degree in the
humanities? So did Sally Ride, the first woman
in space. So did actors Bruce
Lee, Gwyneth
Paltrow, Renee Zellweger and Matt Damon. Dr.
Harold Varmus,
who won a Nobel Prize for
Medicine, studied the humanities. Even Michael
Eisner, Chairman of the Disney Company,
majored in the humanities. Famous
people who
studied the humanities make a long list indeed.
It's easy to see
that the humanities can
prepare us for many different careers and jobs we
can
undertake, whether medicine, business,
science or entertainment. If we study
only
mathematics, it's likely we will be a candidate
only for jobs as a
mathematician. If we
include studying the humanities, we can make
breakthroughs on many barriers and are limited
only by our effort and
imagination.
8
也许，支持人文学科的最好论点是，人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会。 你
知道世界闻
名的电影《泰坦尼克号》的导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的
学位吗？第一个登上太空
的女宇航员萨利·赖德拿的也是人文学科的学位。 还
有电影演员李小龙、格温妮丝·帕特洛、
蕾妮·齐薇格及马特·达蒙，也都如
此。 获诺贝尔医学奖的哈罗德·瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学 科。
甚至迪士尼公
司的总裁迈克尔·艾斯纳也主修人文学科。 学习人文学科的有名人士确实
可
以列出一长串。 显而易见，人文学能为我们从事许多不同的职业做准备，不管
是医学、
商务、科学或娱乐。 如果我们仅学习数学，我们很可能只能申请数
学家之类的工作。 如果
我们还学了人文学科，那我们就能突破许多障碍，只
要我们愿意付出努力，敢于想象。
9 Of course, nowadays, if we study the
humanities alone, we are liable to miss
many
opportunities. Each one of us needs to become as
technically and
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professionally skilled as possible to help
meet the needs of modern life. In fact,
increasingly a pairing of technical knowledge
and inner insight is seen as the
ideal in the
establishment of a career. If I were the Dean of
Admissions at a
medical school and two people
applied to our school, both having the required
basic scientific courses, one a philosophy
major and the other solely a
pre-med student,
the philosophy applicant would be chosen.
9
当然，在当下，如果我们单学人文学科，可能会失去很多机会。 我们每个人
都需要尽可
能变得技能化、职业化，以满足现代生活的需要。 事实上，技术
知识和内在洞察力的结合
越来越被看成是建立职业生涯的理想搭配。 如果我
是某个医学院的招生部主任，有两个人
同时申请我们学校，这两个人都学过基
础的科学课程，一个主修哲学，另一个仅是医学院的
预科生，我会选择那位哲
学专业的申请者。
10 In summary,
the humanities help to create well-rounded human
beings with
insight and understanding of the
passions, hopes and dreams common to all
humanity. The humanities, the ancient timeless
reservoir of knowledge, teach
us to see things
differently and broaden our horizons. They are as
useful and
relevant in our modern age as they
have always been. Doesn't it make sense
to
spend some time in the company of the humanities,
our outstanding and
remarkable treasure of
knowledge? Who knows how famous YOU might
become!
10
总之，人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人，这些人具有洞察力，并理解全人
类共有的激情、 希望和理想。
人文学科，这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库，教
我们如何以不同的方式看待事
物，同时也拓宽我们的视野。 在现代社会中，
人文学科一如既往地同生活息息相关，也发
挥着重要作用。 我们在学习中花
一些时间与人文学科——我们杰出、非凡的知识宝藏——
相伴，这难道不是明
智的吗？ 谁知道你将来会变得多有名气呢！
Unit 3 section A Journey through the
odyssey years
奥德赛岁月之旅
1 Most of us know
about the phases of life which we label to
parallel different
age groups and life stages:
childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
We think of infancy before childhood and
middle age before old age, with each
unique
phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges.
These challenges
can be overcome by
acquainting ourselves with them, such as the
child's need
to learn, the adult's need to
find the right career and build a family, and the
senior's need for support and good health
care.
1
我们大多数人都知道，根据不同的年龄和生活阶段，人生可与此平行划分为
童年、青春
期、成年和老年这四个阶段。 我们把这些阶段想象为婴儿在童年
之前，中年在老年之前， 每个阶段都
会面临一系列特有的挑战，如孩子对学习
的需要，成人对找到合适的职业生涯和建立一个家庭的需要，以
及年长者对得
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到帮助和良好医疗保健的需要。通过对它们的充分了 解，我们就可以战胜这些
挑战。
2 Interestingly, ideas about the stages
of life are changing.
2 有趣的是，关于人生阶段的观念正在发生变化。
3 In previous times, people didn't have a
solid idea of childhood as being
separate from
adulthood. A hundred years ago, no one thought of
adolescence.
Until recently it was understood
as a norm that their induction to adulthood was
completed as soon as they graduated from
college. They would now find a
sensible job
which would lead to a career. Then during this
career they would
start a family, ideally
before they turned 30.
3
在先前的年代，人们并没有一种固有的把童年和成年分开的想法。 一百年前，
谁也没有
想到过青春期。 直到最近，人们还很自然地认为：只要他们一从大
学毕业，他们的成人入
门阶段就结束了。 他们就会找到一份把他们引入职业
生涯的合适的工作。 然后在此职业生
涯期间，他们会成家，三十岁之前成家
更为理想。
4 Today we
have an equivalent need to recognize a new phase
of life that
comes after high school
graduation, continues through college, and then
leads
to starting a family and having a
career, the so-called odyssey years. Recent
trends show radical changes as young people
are following a different agenda.
They take
breaks from school, live with friends and often
return to living with
their parents.
Similarly, they fall in and out of love, quit one
job and try another
or even shift to a new
career. So, we need to recognize this new stage,
the
odyssey years, which many now consider to
be an unavoidable stage in
reaching adulthood.
4 今天，我们同样需要认识一个新的人生阶段：从高中毕业到上大学，然后到
成家立业，即所
谓的奥德赛岁月。由于年轻人正按照一种不同的模式生活，最
近的趋势出现了根本性 的变化。他们从学
校休学，与朋友同住，也常回去与父
母同住。同样，他们恋爱又失恋，辞掉一份工作又去寻找新的，甚至
改行。 因
此，我们需要认识这个新阶段——奥德赛岁月。
现在许多人认为这是步入成年
之前的一个难以回避的阶段。
5 People
who were born prior to the 60s or 70s in the last
century tended to
frame their concept of
adulthood based upon achieving certain
accomplishments: moving away from home,
becoming financially independent,
finding the
right spouse and starting a family. But that
emphasis on stability did
not remain static.
Today, young people are unlikely to do the same.
During the
odyssey years, a high proportion of
young people are delaying marriage, child
bearing, and even employment.
5 出生于上个世纪
60 年代或 70 年代之前的人们往往会将成年的概念基于是
否取得了某些
成就：从父母家搬走，经济上独立，找到合适的配偶并组织家庭。
但是，对稳定的强调并
没能保持不变。今天，年轻人不太可能仿效他们的父母。
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在奥德赛岁月中，相当比例的年 轻人都推迟结婚、生子，甚至推迟就业。
6
The odyssey years can saddle young people with
enormous pressure to
move forward quickly. As
the sole heir and focus of their parents'
expectations,
hopes and dreams, some react
with rebellious and prideful attitudes and
behavior toward their parents. They often
resent the pressure they're feeling
and keep a
distance from their parents or even run away from
home. Their
confusion comes from the
difficulties to make parents understand them and
the fluid journey of discovery they need in
this phase of their lives. To get away
from
this confusion and upset, many young people resort
to computer games,
iPods, iPhones, or iPads,
to help distract them from their pain and stress.
6 奥德赛岁月使年轻人承受了巨大的压力，迫使他们快速往前冲。 作为他们父
母唯一的继
承人和所有期望、希望和梦想的聚焦，有些年轻人以叛逆和桀骜不
驯的行为和态度对待父 母。他们往往
憎恨他们所感到的压力，并同他们的父母
保持距离，甚至离家出走。他们的困惑源于很难让家长了解他们
，也源于这段
需要进行自我探索的、不确定的人生之旅。 为
了逃避困惑和不安，许多年轻
人诉诸电脑游戏，iPod，iPhone 或
iPad，以帮助分散他们的 痛苦和压力。
7 Likewise, their
parents are feeling more anxious. They may make
allowances
for a transition phase from student
life to adult life, but they get upset when
they see the transition of their grown
children's lives moving away from their
expectations and stretching five years to
seven years, and beyond. The
parents don't
even detect a clear sense of direction in their
children's lives.
They look at them and see
the things that are being delayed.
7
同样，他们的父母更是着急。虽然他们理解从学生到成年需要一个过渡阶段，
但看到他
们已成年子女的过渡阶段的生活与他们的期望渐行渐远，过渡阶段延
至五年，七年，甚至更
长时，他们感到生气。父母甚至不能清楚地觉察到他们
孩子未来生活的方向，只能看着他
们，看着要做的事被拖延着。
8 It's hard to predict
what's next. New guidelines haven't been
established yet,
and everything seems to give
way to a less permanent version of itself. There's
been a shift in the status and balance of
power between the genders, too.
More women are
getting degrees than men. Male wages have remained
stable
over the past decades, while female
wages have boomed.
8
接下来会如何发展很难预测。新的准则还没有建立，一切似乎都被一个不确
定的版本所
取代。两性之间地位和权力的平衡也有了转变。 取得学位的女性
比男性更多。男性的工资
在过去的几十年里一直停滞不前，而女性的工资却出
现激增。
9 Apart
from anything else, this has had an implicit
effect on courtship.
Educated women can get
many of the things they want, such as security,
accomplishment, and identity without marriage.
However, both genders are
having a harder time
finding suitable mates to build their lives with.
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Considering all of
this, it's beneficial to know that even though
graduates are
delaying many things after
college, surveys show they still hold highly
traditional aspirations. For example, this
contemporary generation rates
parenthood even
more highly than previous generations did!
9
别的不说，这对择偶产生了不言而喻的影响。即使未婚，受过教育的妇女仍
可以得到很
多她们想要的东西，如安全感，成就感，和认同感。不过，不论男
女都更难找到合适的伴
侣来一同建立他们的生活。在讨论这一切时，有助于让
大家知道，即使毕业生离开大学后
推迟了做很多事，调查结果显示，他们仍持
有很传统的愿望。例如，当今的一代比以前的几
代对如何扮演好父母的角色有
着更高的要求。
10 This new
phase will likely grow more pronounced in the
coming years.
Nations around the world have
witnessed similar trends toward delaying
marriage and spending more years than ever
shifting between higher
education and settling
down with a career and family.
10
这一新阶段在未来几年可能更明显。 世界各国都目睹了相似的趋势，人们
推迟结婚，花
更多年的时间徘徊在接受高等教育和建立职业生涯及家庭之间。
11
Nevertheless, graduates shouldn't be deceived into
thinking they can back
off simply because
things have become more difficult. A large number
of
people chasing relatively fewer
opportunities can create strong competitive
pressure. So, from the outset, keep your
résumé professional and up-to-date.
11
然而，毕业生不应误认为因情况已变得更困难，他们就可以放弃。 大批的
人努力角逐相
对较少的机会，这会导致强大的竞争压力。
所以，从一开始你
就要将个人简历写得很专业，并做到随时更新。
12 To
reinforce this essential message, success moving
through the odyssey
years will come to those
who don't expect to achieve their goals right away
but
know that they must have the strength,
capacity and confidence to endure over
the
long term. If you're a little late with your
goals, don't feel like a failure! Stay
strong,
be positive, and keep focused! Someday you will
look back and wonder
at the vast changes as
you passed through the odyssey years.
12
要强化这一重要信息：顺利度过奥德赛岁月的将是那些不急于即刻实现目标
的人——但
这些人知道他们必须保持实力、能力、信心去度过这段较长的岁月。
如果你的目标起步稍
晚了点，不要认为自己是个失败者！ 意志坚定，态度积
极，并集中精力！ 有一天，你会回
头审视，并对奥德赛岁月给你带来的巨大
改变感到惊叹。
Unit
4 Section A College sweethearts
1
I smile at my two lovely daughters and they seem
so much more mature
than we, their parents,
when we were college sweethearts. Linda, who's 21,
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had a boyfriend in
her freshman year she thought she would marry, but
they're
not together anymore. Melissa, who's
19, hasn't had a steady boyfriend yet.
My
daughters wonder when they will meet
think
their father and I had a classic fairy-tale
romance heading for marriage
from the outset.
Perhaps, they're right but it didn't seem so at
the time. In a way,
love just happens when you
least expect it. Who would have thought that
Butch and I would end up getting married to
each other? He became my
boyfriend because of
my shallow agenda: I wanted a cute boyfriend!
1 我微笑着看着我那两个可爱的女儿，她们似乎比她们的父母还是大学情侣那
会儿更为成
熟。 琳达，21 岁，在大学一年级交过一个男友，她曾以为会跟那
个男孩结婚，但他们已不
再来往了。 梅丽莎，19 岁，还没有一个固定的男友。
我的女儿不知何时才能遇到她们的那
个“唯一”，她们伟大的爱。 她们认为她
们的父亲和我有着一段经典的、童话般的浪漫史，从
一开始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。
也许，她们是正确的，但在那时似乎并不是那么回事。 在某种
程度上，爱神
恰恰在你最没准备时来临。 谁曾想到，布奇和我最终会结婚呢？ 他之所以成
为我男友，只是因为当时我那肤浅的打算：我要找一个可爱的男友！
2 We
met through my college roommate at the university
cafeteria. That fateful
night, I was merely
curious, but for him I think it was love at first
sight.
have beautiful eyes
night long. I
really wasn't that interested for two reasons.
First, he looked like
he was a really wild
boy, maybe even dangerous. Second, although he was
very cute, he seemed a little weird.
2
我们通过我的大学室友介绍在大学食堂相识。 在那个命中注定的夜晚，我只
是好奇，但
对他而言，我认为是一见钟情。 他凝视着我的脸，说：“你有一双
美丽的眼睛。” 他整个晚
上一直盯着我。 我真的对他没那么感兴趣，其原因
有二。 首先，他看起来就像是一个野小
子，甚至还有些危险。 其次，虽然他
很可爱，却似乎有点怪异。
3
Riding on his bicycle, he'd ride past my dorm as
if
to be surprised to see me. I liked the
attention but was cautious about his wild,
dynamic personality. He had a charming way
with words which would charm
any girl. Fear
came over me when I started to fall in love. His
exciting
image
had an excellent reputation.
My concentration was solely on my studies to get
superior grades. But for what? College is
supposed to be a time of great
learning and
also some fun. I had nearly achieved a great
education, and
graduation was just one
semester away. But I hadn't had any fun; my life
was
stale with no component of fun! I needed a
just any boyfriend.
He had to be cute. My goal
that semester became: Be ambitious and grab the
cutest boyfriend I can find.
3
他骑着自行车经过我的宿舍，装作与我“偶遇”，看到我时还假装惊讶。 我
喜欢被重视的感
觉，但对他的野性和充满活力的个性却小心谨慎。 他很会说
话，这会迷倒任何女孩。 当我
开始爱上他时，恐惧向我袭来。 他那令人激动
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的“坏小子形象”简直太诱人了。 究竟是什么 吸引了我？ 我，一直口碑极好。
为了获得优异的成绩，我的注意力只专注在自己的学习 上。
但又怎么样呢？
大学应该是学习的好时间，可也应该有一些乐趣。 我已几乎达成了伟
大的教
育目标，离毕业只有一学期之遥了。 但我却还没有享受过任何乐趣，我的生活
乏味，
没有一点新鲜感！ 我需要一个男朋友，当然不是任何男朋友。 他必须
很可爱。 于是我那个
学期的目标就成为：雄心勃勃，抓住一个我能找到的最
可爱的男友。
4 I
worried what he'd think of me. True, we lived in a
time when a dramatic shift
in sexual attitudes
was taking place, but I was a traditional girl who
wasn't
ready for the new ways that seemed
common on campus. Butch looked
superb! I was
not immune to his personality, but I was scared.
The night when
he announced to the world that
I was his girlfriend, I went along with him. And
then I suddenly thought: my gosh! Am I his
girlfriend? How did that
happen?
marry you
one day and I will be a lawyer. You will see.
4 我担心他会怎么看我。 不错，我们生活在一个性观念正在发生戏剧性转变的
时代，但我
是一个传统的女孩，对在校园里似乎常见的新方式还没有心理准备。
布奇看上去很出色！ 我
对他的个性毫无免疫力，但我对此很害怕。 那天晚上
当他向大家宣布我是他女友时，我是 同意的。
但我随后突然清醒：“噢，我的
天哪！我是他女友吗？这是怎么回事？” 紧接着，
他在我耳边低声地甜言蜜
语：“有一天我要娶你，我会成为一名律师。你会看到这一天的。”
5 I was laughing inside and said to
myself,
rebel without a good future. He's my
boyfriend because I hate my boring
student
life. I just want to have fun.
5 我笑着对自己说：
“我绝不会嫁给这个家伙。他是一个没有前途的叛逆者。
他是我男朋友，
只因为我恨枯燥的学生生活。我只想得到乐趣而已。”
6 Sure enough,
the following month, I found out he had failed all
his courses.
Consequently, he was going to be
expelled from the university. To my disgust,
he seemed resigned to his fate. I knew there
was hope, so I led him to the
college
secretary for reconsideration.
6
果然，一个月后，我发现他所有的课程都不及格。 因而，他将被大学除名。
令我厌恶的是，他似乎屈从了自己的命运。
我知道还有希望，所以我让他去学
院的秘书那儿进行复议。
7
proceed to the College of Law,I told him,
lodging an appeal on his behalf,
which was
approved. Butch was granted reconsideration. And,
once we
became steadies, he coordinated his
studies and social life, passing all of his
classes. He eventually studied law.
7
我告诉他：“你要先从宾夕法尼亚大学拿到政治学学士学位，然后进入法律学
院。”我以他
的名义递交了呈请书，结果被批准了。 校方同意复议布奇的情况。
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我们的男女朋友关系一
经确定，他就协调了他的学习和社交生活，结果各门课
都通过了。 他最终学了法律。
8 Despite Butch's somewhat wild character, at
his core, he is always a perfect
gentleman and
deserves a lot of credit for that. True, he'd
sometimes take the
liberty of displaying his
love by planting a kiss on my lips right in front
of my
astonished friends who watched and
disapproved. But the truth is we had a
pure
and responsible relationship for seven full years.
Sitting by the palm trees,
hand in hand, we
would listen to romantic songs, watch the sunset,
and weave
dreams of being together with
children of our own, forever.
8
尽管布奇的性格有点野，但他在骨子里却是一个完美的绅士，这值得高度赞
扬。的确，
他有时会在我朋友面前亲吻我的嘴，擅自表达他的爱。我的朋友看
到了很惊讶，也很不以为 然。 但事
实上，我们在整整七年的恋爱关系中一直
是纯洁和负责的。我们坐在棕榈树下，手牵着手，听着浪漫的歌
曲，观赏着日
落，编织着和我们自己的孩子在一起的美梦，一直到 永远。
9
Two years passed in a blur. One day, Butch took me
by surprise as he knelt
down and proposed
marriage holding a dozen red roses! Filled with
deep
emotion, I confessed my love for him,
woke up from fantasy land. I cried out,
tie the knot. We haven't even graduated from
college yet!
but was pessimistic about our
chances for success.
9 两年糊里糊涂地过去了。
一天，布奇出其不意地手捧着一打红玫瑰跪下向我
求婚。 我心
中充满了深情，也坦诚了对他的爱：“太太太太太浪漫了！！” 可
我随即从幻想中惊醒。 我
大喊出来：“天哪。不！我们现在结婚还太早了。我
们甚至还没有大学毕业呢！” 我真的很喜
欢他，但我对我们感情修成正果的机
率却持悲观态度。
10 We
married five years later.
10 五年后，我们结了婚。
11 Our faithful journey of love and learning
took us down rocky roads of
hardship and on
smooth easy-going highways. It is a long,
romantic,
sometimes crazy, love story that
sums up a 29-year long honeymoon together
as a
couple who are still madly in love with each
other. Our love commenced
with a casual
attraction but bloomed into a mature love and rich
life.
11
我们忠实的爱和学习之旅带我们走过艰难崎岖的岩石路，走上平坦易行的公
路。 它是一
个永久、浪漫，有时又疯狂的爱情故事。它诠释了一对仍在疯狂
地爱着对方的夫妇如何一起 度过了
29 年之久的蜜月。 我们的爱从漫不经心
的互相吸引开始，但最终却发展出成熟的爱
情和富足的生活。
Unit 5 Section A
Spend or save — The student's dilemma
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花钱还是存钱，学生进退维谷
1 Do you
feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this
question,
I spend or should I save?I think
that the messages we get from our
environment
seem to defy common sense and contradict each
other. The
government tells us to spend or
we'll never get out of the recession. At the
same time, they tell us that unless we save
more, our country is in grave
danger. Banks
offer higher interest rates so we increase
savings. Then the
same banks send us credit
card offers so we can spend more.
1
你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑，且有被操
纵的感觉？ 我觉
得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相
矛盾的。 政府告诉我们要花钱，
否则我们将永远走不出衰退；与此同时，他
们又告诉我们，除非我们节省更多的钱，否则我
们的国家会处于严重危险之中。
银行提供较高的利率以增加储蓄。 然后，同样是这些银行
又提供信用卡让我
们可以花更多的钱。
2 Here's another
familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card
bill on time,
we get demanding, nasty emails
from the credit card company saying
something
like:
be in trouble!
tone telling us how
valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to
resume
depiction is correct: a failing
consumer in trouble or a valued
customer? The
gap between these two messages is enormous.
2
这里还有一个大家熟悉的例子：如果我们不按时支付信用卡账单，我们会收
到从信用卡
公司发来的类似这样的令人讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件：不还款是
不可接受的。请立即缴付，
否则后果自负！ 之后，一旦还款，我们就会收到
一封跟进的电子邮件，语气和蔼可亲，说
我们是多么宝贵的客户，并鼓励我们
继续花钱。 到底哪一个描述是正确的？有麻烦的失败
消费者还是宝贵的客户？
这两者之间可是天壤之别！
3 The
paradox is that every day we get two sets of
messages at odds with
each other. One is the
need this!The other we could call an message,
which urges us,
hard and save. Suspend your
desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your
appetite
for more than you truly need.
sources: from
school, from parents, even from political figures
referring to
valuesHard work, family loyalty,
and the capacity to postpone
desires are core
American values that have made our country great.
3 自相矛盾的情况还有，我们每天都收到彼此相左的两种信息。
一种从“纵容”
的角度，让我 们“买东西，花钱，现在就得到它。你需要这个！”
另外一种，
我们可称之为“正直”的信息，
它力劝我们：“努力工作，把钱存起来。控制
你的欲望，不要买奢侈品，不要垂涎那些你并
不真正需要的东西。” 这类信息
来源甚多，有学校方面的，有家长方面的，甚至还来自提及
传统价值观的政治
人物。 艰苦创业，忠于家庭、能推迟欲望是美国价值观的核心，它使我
们的
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国家变得强大。
4
But the opposite message, advertising's permissive
message, is inescapable.
Though sometimes
disguised, the messages are everywhere we look: on
TV,
in movies on printed media and road signs,
in stores, and on busses, trains
and subways.
Advertisementsinvade our daily lives. We are
constantly
surrounded by the message to spend,
spend, spend. Someone recently said,
4
但相反的信息，即那些纵容人们不断花钱的广告，无所不在。 虽然此类信息
有时经过了
乔装打扮，但仍随处可见，电视、电影、印刷媒介和路牌、商店，
及公共汽车、火车和地铁
上，比比皆是。 广告侵入了我们的日常生活。 我们
时时被包围在花钱，花钱，花钱的信息
中。最近有人说：“唯一可以逃脱广告
的时候是当在床上睡着时！”
5
It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the
average American will have
seen 600,000 ads;
by the age of 40, the total is almost one million.
Each
advertisement is doing its utmost to
influence our diverse buying decisions,
from
the breakfast cereal we eat to whichcruise line we
will use for our
vacation. There is no
shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of
course, we
don't remember exactly what the
products were, but the essential message is
cemented into our consciousness, good to
satisfy your desires. You
should have what you
want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it
—
now!
myself. I do what makes me feel
good. I derive pleasure from nice things and
feel nourished by them. I used to put things
off. Not anymore. Today I'll buy
new ski
equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that
camera I've always
wanted. I live my dreams
today, not tomorrow.
5 据计算，普通的美国人到 18 岁时，会看过
60 万则广告；到 40 岁时，看
过的广告总数近 百万。
每个广告都在尽最大努力影响我们形形色色的购买决
定——从我们吃的早餐麦片到
我们的假期将使用哪条邮轮线路。 决不会缺少
怎么花钱和买什么东西的广告！ 现在，我们
当然不能确切地记得广告上的产
品，但重要的信息已凝聚在我们的意识里：“要满足你的愿
望。你应该拥有你
想要的。你应该得到最好的。所以，你应该买下它——现在！”一个著名
的广
告诠释得很完美：“我爱自己。我是自己的好朋友。我做让我感觉舒服的事。我
从精美 的
东西里得到乐趣，并感觉到它们给我的滋养。我过去常想着等一下再
买，现在再也不会了。今天，我会购
买全新的滑雪装备，看看新型的小巧灵便
的轿车，买下那台我一直想要的相机。
我今天就要实现我的梦想，不会等到明
天。”
6 What happens
as we take in these contradictory but explicit
messages?
What are the psychological and
social consequences of this campaign to
control our spending habits? On one hand, we
want more things because we
want to satisfy
our material appetite. Most of us derive pleasure
from treating
ourselves. On the other hand, a
little voice inside us echoes those upright
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messages: out,
takestock of your life, don't let your attention
get
scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't
fall into debt. Wait! Retain control over
your
own life. It will make you stronger.
6
当我们接受这些相互矛盾但很明确的信息时，会有什么事情发生呢？ 这种控
制我们花钱
习惯的宣传活动会造成什么心理和社会上的影响呢？ 一方面，我
们希望买更多的东西，来
满足我们的物质欲望。 我们中的大多数通过善待自
己来得到乐趣。 与此同时，我们身体里
面有一个微弱的声音与那些正直的信
息在共鸣：“当心，要掂量掂量自己的生活，不要让注
意力分散。推迟欲望。
不要陷入债务。要等待！保留对自己生活的控制权。这会让你更坚强。 ”
7 Anyway, many of the skills you need as
a successful student can be applied
to your
finances. Consider your financial well-being as a
key ingredient of your
university education as
money worries are extremely stressful and
distracting.
They can make you feel terrible
and hinder your ability to focus on your prime
objective: successfully completing your
education.
7 总之，一个成功的学生所需要的很多技能可以应用到你的财务中去。
把良好
的财务状况
看成是大学教育中的一个关键因素，因为对金钱的担忧会让人倍感
压力，并让人分心。 它
们会让你感觉很糟糕，并阻止你专注首要目标，即成
功完成学业。
8 How
can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many
schools,
community organizations, and even
some banks offer financial literacy classes.
Consider consulting with your school's
financial aid office or seek input from
your
parents or other respected adults in setting up a
budget. An additional
option is finding a
partner to help you stay on track and find
pleasure in the
administration of your own
financial affairs. Most importantly, if you find
yourself getting into financial trouble, don't
let your ego get in your way;
urgently get
help with tackling your problem before it spins
out of control and
lands you in legal
troubles.
8 怎样才能成为一个聪明、有相关知识的消费者呢？
许多学校、社区组织，甚
至一些银行
都提供金融扫盲班。可以考虑向学校的财务援助办公室咨询，或向
父母或其他值得尊敬的成
年人请教如何建立一个预算方案。 另外一个选择是
找一个合作伙伴来帮你保持良好的财务
状况，并在管理自己的金融事务中找到
乐趣。 最重要的是，如果你发现自己正陷入财务困
境，不要让你的自大妨碍
你，在情况变得失控并惹上法律麻烦前，赶紧寻求帮助来解决问题。
9 All this will help you become an
educated consumer and saver. As you learn
to
balance spending and saving, you will become the
captain of your own
ship,steering your life in
a successful and productive direction through the
choppy waters.
9
这一切都将帮助你成为一个拥有相关知识的消费者和储蓄者。 学会了如何平
衡支出和储
蓄，你就会成为你自己的船长，驾驶着你的生活之船，乘风破浪，
驶向成功和富有。
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Unit 6 Section A
Door closer, are you?
关门者”，你是吗？
1 The
next time you're deciding between rival options,
one which is primary
and the other which is
secondary, ask yourself this question: What would
Xiang Yu do?
1
下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自
己这样一个
问题：项羽会怎么做？
2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese
imperial general in the third century BC who took
his troops across the Zhang River on a raid
into enemy territory. To his troops'
astonishment, he ordered their cooking pots
crushed and their sailing ships
burned.
2
项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河，
突袭进入了 敌方的领地。
他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。
3 He explained that
he was imposing on them a necessity for attaining
victory
over their opponents. What he said was
surely motivating, but it wasn't really
appreciated by many of his loyal soldiers as
they watched their vessels go up
in flames.
But the genius of General Xiang Yu's conviction
would be validated
both on the battlefield and
in modern social science research. General Xiang
Yu was a rare exception to the norm, a veteran
leader who was highly
respected for his many
conquests and who achieved the summit of success.
3 他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞
士气，但当
他那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，
他们并不赞成他的做 法。
不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天
赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究 中都将得到肯定。
项羽将军是一个罕见的
不墨守成规的人，他是一位经验丰富的领袖，由
于他征战无数并达到了成功的
顶峰，他深受尊敬。
4 He is
featured in Dan Ariely's enlightening new
publication, Predictably
Irrational, a
fascinating investigation of seemingly irrational
human behavior,
such as the tendency for
keeping multiple options open. Most people can't
marshal the will for painful choices, not even
students at the Massachusetts
Institute of
Technology (MIT), where Dr. Ariely teaches
behavioral economics.
In an experiment that
investigated decision-making, hundreds of students
couldn't bear to let their options vanish,
even though it was clear they
wouldprofit from
doing so.
4 丹· 阿雷利极富启迪性的新书
《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。
这本书对看似
非理性的人类行为，譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向，进
行了引人入胜的调查。 大
多数人都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择，麻
省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济学这门
课的学生也不例外。 在调查作决策
的一项实验中，几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们
的选择机会消失，即使
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他们很清楚这样做对他们有利。
5 The experiment
revolved around a game that eliminated the excuses
we
usually have for refusing to let go. In the
real world, we can always say,
good to
preserve our options.
from soccer, ballet,
piano, and Chinese lessons, but her parents won't
stop any
one of them because they might come
in handy some day!
5
实验是围绕着一个游戏展开的，这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。
在现实世界
里，我们总会说：“保留我们的选择机会是对的。” 想要一个好的
例子吗？ 一个十多岁的女
孩被足球、芭蕾舞、钢琴、中文课给累得筋疲力尽，
但她的父母不会让她停止任何一项活动，
理由是它们有一天可能会派上用场！
6 In the experiment
sessions, students played a computer game that
provided
cash behind three doors appearing on
the screen. The rule was the more
money you
earned, the better player you were, given a total
of 100 clicks.
Every time the students opened
a door by clicking on it, they would use up one
click but wouldn't get any money. However,
each subsequent click on that door
would earn
a fluctuating sum of money, with one door always
revealing more
money than the others. The
important part of the rule was each door switch,
though having no cash value, would also use up
one of the 100 clicks.
Therefore, the winning
strategy was to quickly check all the doors and
keep
clicking on the one with the seemingly
highest rewards.
6 在这个实验里，学生要玩一个电脑游戏:
在电脑屏幕上会显示三扇门，每扇
门后都会提供 一些现金。 该游戏的规则是每个人都只能点击
100 次，你点击
获取的钱越多，你就玩得越 好。
学生每点击一次打开一扇门，他们会用掉一
个点击数，但却不会得到任何钱。 然而，
随后接着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数额不等的钱，三扇门显示的钱总有
一扇比另外两
扇多。 这个游戏规则的重点是虽然每次换门没有金钱回报，可
还是会用掉一次点击数。 所
以，制胜战略是要迅速查看所有的门，然后只点
击那扇似乎是钱最多的门。
7
While playing the game, students noticed a
modified visual element: Any
door left un-
clicked for a short while would shrink in size and
vanish. Since
they already understood the
game, they should have ignored the vanishing
doors. Nevertheless, they hurried to click on
the lesser doors before they
vanished, trying
to keep them open. As a result, they wasted so
many clicks
rushing back to the vanishing
doors that they lost money in the end. Why were
the students so attached to the lesser doors?
They would probably protest that
they were
clinging to the doors to keep future options open,
but, according to
Dr. Ariely, that isn't the
true factor.
7
在玩游戏时，学生们注意到了一个视觉上的变化：如果有片刻没点击某扇门，
那扇门就
会慢慢缩小并消失。由于他们已了解了游戏规则，他们本应对要消失
的门不予理睬。 然而，
在它们消失以前，他们却迫不及待地去点击那些变小
的门，试图让它们开启着。 结果是，
他们在匆忙回去点击那些快消失的门时
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浪费了很多点击数以至于最后输了钱。 为什么学生 对那些变小的门如此依恋
呢？
他们可能会争辩说，他们紧抓住这些门是为将来多留一些机
会。但是，
据阿雷利博士说，这不是真正的原因。
8 Instead of
the excuse to maintain future options open,
underneath it all the
students' desire was to
avoid the immediate, though temporary, pain of
watching options close.
and people are
willing to pay a big price to avoid the emotion of
loss,
says. In the experiment, the price was
easily measured in lost cash. In life, the
corresponding costs are often less obvious
such as wasted time or missed
opportunities.
8 在他们为将来多留一些机会的借口背后反映出的是所有的学生都不堪目睹眼
前的选择机
会被剥夺，尽管这种痛苦是临时的。 阿雷利博士说：“每闭上一扇
选择之门就如同经受了一
次损失，人们宁愿付出很大的代价，也要避免情感的
失落。” 在实验中，损失很容易用丢失
的现金来衡量。 在生活中，相应的损
失就往往没那么明显，如浪费时间，错过机会。
9
Dr. Ariely writes.
the childhood of
our sons and daughters is slipping away.
9
“有时候，这些门是慢慢关闭的，我们没有看到它们在悄然消失，”阿雷利博
士写道：“我们
可能花很多时间在工作上，却没有意识到我们子女的童年正在
悄悄溜走。”
10
So, what can be done to restore balance in our
lives? One answer, Dr.
Ariely says, is to
implement more prohibitions on overbooking. We can
work to
reduce options on our own, delegating
tasks to others and even giving away
ideas for
others to pursue. He points to marriage as an
example,
we create a situation where we
promise ourselves not to keep options open.
We
close doors and announce to others we've closed
doors.
10
那么，我们可以做些什么让我们的生活恢复平衡呢？阿雷利博士说，一个办
法是制止更 多的超额预约。
我们可以自己减少选择，将任务委派给其他人，
甚至放弃一些点子，让其 他人去做。
他用婚姻作为例子：“在婚姻中，我们承
诺不保留选择机会，我们就创造了获得
最佳选择的有利局面。我们关上可选择
的门，并告诉别人我们已作出选择。”
11 Since conducting the door experiment, Dr.
Ariely says he has made a
conscious effort to
lessen his load. He urges the rest of us to resign
from
committees, prune holiday card lists,
rethink hobbies and remember the
lessons of
door closers like Xiang Yu.
11
阿雷利博士说，自从进行了这个点击门的实验，他已经有意识地努力减轻自
己的负担。 他
敦促我们辞去委员会的工作，删减送节日贺卡的名单，重新思
考兴趣爱好，并记住像项羽那
样的关门者给我们的启示。
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12
In other words, Dr. Ariely is encouraging us to
discard those things that
seem to have outward
merit in favor of those things that actually
enrich our
lives. We are naturally prejudiced
to believe that more is better, but Dr. Ariely's
research provides a dose of reality that
strongly suggests otherwise.
12
换言之，他是鼓励我们放弃那些似乎只有表面价值的东西，而去追求那些能
真正丰富我 们生活的东西。
我们很自然、很偏执地相信选择越多越好，但阿
雷利博士的研究却强有力 地告诉我们事实并非如此。
13 What price do we pay for trying to
have more and more in life? What
pleasure and
satisfaction can be derived from focusing our
energy and
attention in a more concentrated
fashion? Surely, we will have our respective
answers.
13
我们想在生活中得到越来越多选择的代价是什么？我们能从更集中的精力
和注意力中
获得什么样的喜悦和满足？ 当然，我们每个人都会有自己的答案。
14
Consider these important questions: Will we have
more by always
increasing options or will we
have more with fewer, carefully chosen options?
What doors should we close in order to allow
the right windows of opportunity
and happiness
to open?
14
试想一下这些重要的问题：怎么做会使我们获得更多，是不断增加选择，还
是只保持少
数精心挑选的选择？ 我们应关闭什么门，以便让机会和幸福之窗
打开？
Unit 7 section A Woman at the management
level
女性管理者
1 When Monica applied for a
job as an administrative assistant in 1971, she
was asked whether she would rather work for a
male or a female attorney.
immediately said a
man,
relationship was more natural, needing no
personal accommodation
whatsoever.
said,
to their employees; they're much more
sensitive and intimate with their
employees.
1 当莫妮卡 1971
年申请一个行政助理的工作时，有人问她想与男律师共事还
是与女律师共 事。
“我马上说想与男律师共事，”她说。 “我认为男老板和
女雇员的关系更自然，丝毫不需 互相调整。
” 但 20 年后，有人问她同样的
问题时，她说： “令我感到惊喜的是，对员工来说，
女上司更容易接近，她
们更能理解人，与员工更亲密。”
2 Female
bosses today are still finding they face subtle
resistance. There is
still a segment of the
population, both men and, surprisingly, women who
report low tolerance for female bosses. The
growing presence of female
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bosses has also provoked two
major questions that revolve around styles: Do
men and women manage differently, and, if so,
is that a good thing?
2
今天的女上司仍然发现，她们面临着不易察觉的阻力。 还是有一部分人——
有男性，令
人惊讶的是还有女性——说很难忍受为女性工作。 女上司的不断
涌现，也引出了与工作方
式有关的两个主要问题：男人和女人管理风格不同吗？
如果有不同，是一件好事吗？
3 Monica is disposed to think so, on both
counts. Now a 40-year-old mother of
four, she
is president of a public sector labor union with
45,000 members.
with my employees are probably
different from those of male
managers
preceding me,
say my kid got the mumps so I
won't be coming in. I have a more flexible style
— not soft, just more man who is Monica's
assistant
agrees,
People are happy and
flourish because they have an input into decisions
and
they are not mere bystanders; their
energies are harnessed. On the other hand,
consensus takes longer.
3
莫妮卡对这两个问题都持肯定的意见。 莫妮卡现在 40 岁，有四个孩子，并
且是一位拥有
45,000 名成员的公共部门工会的主席。 “我与员工的关系可能
跟在我之前的前任男性主管不
同， ”她说。 “我知道当有人不得不打电话来
说孩子得了腮腺炎而不能来上班是一种什么样的
状况。我的风格更灵活，这不
是软弱，只是多了一点理解。” 莫妮卡的男助理表示赞成：“她
往往放权更多，
并总是寻求共识。大家都很开心，也有成就感，因为他们参与了决策，而不
是单纯的旁观者。他们的能量得到了利用。当然从另一方面看，通过协商而达
成一致意见需
要的时间要长一些。”
4 So, are the differences
symbolic or real? Plausible studies suggest that
men
are typically hierarchical, goal-oriented
and feel entitled. Women, by contrast,
manage
diplomatically, and share power. That point of
view is often challenged
and argued. Some
proclaim that men and women of similar
backgrounds,
experience and aspirations
basically manage in the same way. This view is
echoed by younger women, especially those who
have encountered little
gender discrimination.
That was certainly the lesson for Nicole. When her
father died of a heart attack, she was an
employee at a petroleum products
export
company. She quit and took over her family's
160-acre fruit farm in
's County. On her first
day in the field, a worker called her
stood erect and said, ‘You wouldn't have
called my father darling and you're
not going
to take that liberty with me. If you do, I'll fire
you.'
4 那么，这种差异是象征性的还是实质性的呢？
可靠的研究指出，男人通常有
等级观念， 以目标为导向，喜欢有权力的感觉。
相反，女人则是灵活变通的，
愿意分享权力。 这一观 点往往受到质疑和争论。
有人宣称，有类似的背景、
经验和抱负的男女，基本上管理方式 相同。
那些年轻女性，特别是很少遭受
性别歧视的女性，也是这样认为的。 妮可尔无疑从 中得到了教训。
当她的父
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亲因心脏病去世时，她是一家石油产品出口公司的雇员。 她辞了 职，接管了
她家在圣大卫县
160 英亩的果园。 她第一天出现在果园时，一名工人称她为
“亲 爱的”。
“他是想试探我。我气得发抖，”现年 34 岁的妮可尔说。 “我
挺直腰板站在那里跟他
说：‘你不会称我父亲亲爱的，所以你也没有权利这样
称呼我。如果你再这样做，我会解雇 你。’”
5 When women work for women, a different
dynamic often takes over. Susan,
a cashier in
a Toronto auction house, says that she has
explored friendships
with some of her female
bosses and feels she can rely on them more. While
women may feel more at ease with a female
boss, men often have to make
concessions to
the new working styles. Brian, a marine biologist,
says,
me a couple of years before I felt
comfortable enough to relax around a female
manager. In fact, my relations with her were
much more businesslike.
5
当女性为女上司工作时，往往会用一种不同的工作和交流方式。 苏珊是多伦
多一家拍卖
行的收银员，她说，她与一些女上司建立起了友谊，她感到她们更
能够依靠。 虽然女性可
能会觉得与女上司相处时更自然，男性却往往不得不
作出改变以适应女上司新的工作方 式。
海洋生物学家布赖恩说：“我花了几年
时间才能在与女经理共事时感到轻松自如。事实
上，之前我与她的关系更多只
是一种务实的工作关系。”
6 To some
extent, the male-female differences come down to
conflicting styles.
One female vice-president
discussed the time she burst into tears during a
meeting. think that tears are a nuclear weapon
in a conventional war.
They take exception to
a woman crying, inferring that she's feeling
unhappy or
violated.
hurt but genuine rage.
that has no appropriate release,she says. cry;
men get relief by
going on with the offense or
by veiling their feelings to appear composed.
6 从某种程度上说，男女之间的差异归根结底是工作方式的冲突。 一位女副总
裁谈到她在
一次会议上忍不住落泪的经历时说：“男人认为女人的眼泪就是常
规战争中的核武器。他们
对女人的哭泣很不满，认为她们是感觉不愉快或受到
了侵犯。” 男人不明白，促使她掉泪的
不是因为受到伤害，而是真正的愤怒。
“我们哭泣是因为我们所有这一切合理的愤怒没有适
当的地方释放，”她说。
“女人通过哭来释放情绪，男人通过继续冒犯或掩盖自己的情绪以显
示镇定自
若来释放情绪。”
7 Deborah, president of
a firm with its headquarters in Toronto, says that
even
if men do understand, they sometimes
react differently to the identical
information
and to her cooperative management style.
7
德博拉是一家总部在多伦多的公司的总裁，她表示，即使男人明白是怎么回
事，有时他
们对同样的信息、对她的合作型管理风格也会有不同的反应。
8 Deborah
says that her authority is sometimes undermined by
perceptions
about her gender.
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men and women,
wouldn't
take as much notice as when Dad told you to do
things. Men also
have a stronger urge to
control,
8 德博拉说，她的权威有时因性别观念作祟而受到损害。
“这源于整个社会对
男性和女性的 传统角色的界定，”她说。
“妈妈会让你做事情，但也许你不会
像爸爸让你做事情那样在意。 男人也有更强的控制欲。”她说。
9 For female bosses, the great
expectation of some female employees is one
more obstacle. Junior women assume a female
boss will promote them more
quickly than a man
would. But, they also expect female bosses to be
more
self-sufficient.
you do your own
filing?'
9 对女上司来说，一些女员工过高的期望是另一个障碍。
职位较低的女员工认
为女上司会 比男上司更迅速地提拔她们。
但是，她们也希望女上司能揽下更
多的事。一位资深的女主
管说：“她们会问，‘为什么你不能自己扫描文件？’
或‘为什么你不能自己整理文件？’”
10 On the other hand, there is no dispute
that a few decades ago they would
rarely have
had a female boss in the workplace. Nina, a
management
consultant says she's vaguely
optimistic.
I die, when we recognize that the
best management styles will be composed of
the
best that both genders bring to the table
...
before she dies, perhaps in her daughter's
lifetime.
10
另一方面，几十年前人们工作的地方几乎不可能有女上司，这一点毫无争议。
管理顾问
尼娜说自己审慎乐观。 “我期待某一天，在我临死之前，我们会意
识到最好的管理风格是由
男女双方带来的最佳组合……” 嗯，她停顿了一下，
可能不是在她去世之前，也许在她女儿
的有生之年会实现吧。
Unit 8 Section A
Animals or children? — A scientist's choice
动物还是孩子？—— 一位科学家的选择
1 I am the enemy! I am
one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists
involved
in animal research. These rumors
sting, for I have never thought of myself as
an evil person. I became a children's doctor
because of my love for children
and my supreme
desire to keep them healthy. During medical school
and
residency, I saw many children die of
cancer and bloodshed from injury —
circumstances against which medicine has made
great progress but still has a
long way to go.
More importantly, I also saw children healthy
thanks to
advances in medical science such as
infant breathing support, powerful new
medicines and surgical techniques and the
entire field of organ transplantation.
My
desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy,
happy children drew me to
medical research.
1 我就是那个敌人！ 我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学
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家之一。 这
些谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。 我成
为一位儿科医生，因为我
爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。 在
医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看
到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽
然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。 更重
要的是，我还看到孩子们能
保持健康得益于医学的进步，如婴儿呼吸支持器，功效强大的新
药物和外科手
术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。 我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事
医
学研究。
2 My accusers have twisted the
truth into a fable and cast me as the devil.
They claim that I have no moral compass, that
I torture innocent animals for
the sole
purpose of career advancement, and that my
experiments have no
relevance to medicine.
Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches,
convinced that the issue has no significance,
and publicity-conscious senators
and
politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying
of animal rights activists.
2
控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。 他们声称我没有道
德界限，我
折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实
验根本与医药毫不相 关。
与此同时，无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问，相信这
个议题毫无意义，而具有宣传意识
的参议员和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的
游说不断作出让步。
3 We,
in medical research, have also been unbelievably
uncaring. We have
allowed the most extreme
animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the
issue as one of
a knowledgeable public
would consent to the importance of animal research
for public health. Perhaps we have been
mistaken in not responding to the
emotional
tone of the argument. Perhaps we should have
responded to those
sad slogans and posters of
animals by waving equally sad posters of children
dying of cancer or external wounds.
3
我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。 我们允许最极端的
动物权利活
动家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物
的仇恨。 我们一直坚信，有
知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。
也许我们的错误是没有对这场争论的感
性基调作出反应。 也许我们早应该挥
动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同样令人伤心的海报，来
回应那些关于动物受害的
伤感标语及海报。
4 In the animal
rights forum, much is made of the volume of pain
these animals
experience in the name of
medical science. Activists deny that we are trying
to
help and say it is evidence of our evil and
cruel nature. A more reasonable
argument,
however, can be advanced in our defense. Life is
often cruel to
animals and human beings.
Teenagers are flung from trucks and suffer severe
head injuries. Young children barely able to
walk find themselves at the bottom
of swimming
pools while a parent is occupied with something
else. From
everyday germs to gang violence, no
life is free of pain. Physicians hoping to
relieve the eternal suffering of these
tragedies have only three choices: 1)
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create an animal model of the
problem to understand the process and test new
therapies; 2) experiment on human beings (some
experiments will succeed,
most will fail); or
3) leave medical knowledge static, hoping that
accidental
discoveries will lead us forward.
4 动物权利论坛大肆宣扬我们如何以医学的名义使这些动物经受巨大的痛苦。
动物权利活
动家们否认我们正在努力帮助人类，并说这是我们邪恶和残忍本性
的证据。然而，一个更合
理的论点可用来为我们进行辩护。 生活往往对动物
和人类都是残酷的。 青少年被甩到卡车
外，导致头部严重受伤。 还不太会走
路的孩子们溺水沉到游泳池底部时，他们的家长正忙
于其他事务。 从常见的
的细菌侵害到帮派的暴力，没有谁能不受伤害。 医生们希望能永远
减轻这些
悲剧带给人们身体上的痛苦，他们只有三个选择：1）用动物做实验，以了解整
个
医疗过程和测试新的疗法；2）进行人体实验（一些实验会成功，大多数会
失败）；3）让
对医疗知识的了解处于停滞状态，希望偶然的发现会带领我们向
前。
5 Some animal rights activists would suggest
an optional fourth choice,
claiming that
computer models can create animal experiments,
thus omitting
actual experiments. Computers
can imitate the effects of well-understood
principles on complex systems, as in the
application of the laws of physics to
airplane
and automobile design. However, when the
principles themselves are
in question, as is
the case with the complex biological systems of
human life
under study, computer modeling
alone is of little value.
5
一些动物权利活动家会提出第四个选项，他们声称计算机可以模拟动物实验，
这样就可
省去真实的实验过程。 计算机可以模拟一些为人所熟知的原理在复
杂系统中的应用效果，
就如物理规律在飞机和汽车设计中的应用那样。 然而，
当原理本身有问题时，就跟正处于
研究阶段的复杂的生物系统的情况一样，仅
靠计算机模拟成效甚微。
6 One of the terrifying effects of arresting
the use of animals in medical
research is that
the impact will not be felt for years or even
decades. Drugs to
cure infection will remain
undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques
will
remain undeveloped, and fundamental
biological processes that might have
been
understood will remain mysteries. There is the
danger that quick
decisions by well-meaning
politicians will create resolution to
diplomatically
satisfy the small minority of
loud protestors while the consequences and
damaging impact of those decisions will not be
apparent until long after.
6
阻止用动物来进行医学研究的可怕后果之一是，其影响要到几年甚至几十年
后才能被人
知晓：治愈感染的新药物将无法被发现，外科手术和诊断技术将得
不到发展，那些有可能被
发掘的基本生物学进程将是未解之谜。 危险的是，
那些善意的政治家匆忙作出决定后拿出
的解决方案只是策略性地满足了那一
小部分大声疾呼的示威者，这些决定的后果和造成的破
坏性影响要很久才会显
现。
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7 Fortunately, most of us enjoy good
health, and the agony of watching one's
child
die has become a rare experience. Yet our good
fortune should not make
us unappreciative.
Protection from serious sickness and drugs to
combat heart
disease, high blood pressure and
stroke are all based on animal research.
Most
complex surgical procedures such as heart or hip
surgery and organ
transplantation surgeries
were initially developed in animals. Techniques to
replace defective genes, the cause of so much
disease, as well as the
development of
synthetic organs are presently undergoing animal
studies.
These studies, and any subsequent
advances, will effectively end if animal
research is severely restricted.
7
幸运的是，我们大多数人都享有健康的体魄，眼睁睁地看着孩子死亡之苦已
不多见。 然
而，对于能够享受健康或享受医学进步能带来的健康我们不应该
不心存感激。 对严重疾病
的预防和用于心脏病、高血压和中风的药物都基于
对动物的研究。 大多复杂的外科手术，
如心脏或髋关节手术、器官移植手术
最初都是在动物实验中进行的。 取代导致众多疾病的
缺陷基因的技术，以及
人造器官的发展，目前正处于动物实验研究阶段。 如果动物研究严
格受限，
这些研究和其后的任何进展都将彻底地宣告结束。
8 In America today, death has become an event
isolated from our daily
existence. As a doctor
who has watched many children die and seen their
parents' infinite grief, I am particularly
angered by any minute expression of
caring for
the suffering of creatures and so little for sick
and dying human
beings. People are too
protected from the reality of human life and death
and
what it means.
8
在今天的美国，死亡已经成为我们日常生活中孤立少见的事。 作为一个看见
过许多儿童
死亡和他们父母悲痛至极的医生，我感到特别愤怒的是，有人对动
物的痛苦表达入微，但对
生病和生命垂危的人却冷漠无情。 人们受到了太多
的保护, 以至于他们感觉不到现实世界
里的生与死，也感觉不到其所代表的真
实意义。
9
Make no mistake, however. I would never advocate
needless cruel treatment
of animals. The
animal rights movement has made a contribution in
making us
more aware of animals' needs and the
need to search harder for suitable
alternatives. But if the more radical members
of this movement are successful
in threatening
further research, their efforts will bring about a
tragedy that will
cost many lives. Hence the
real question is whether an uncaring majority can
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be aroused to protect
its future against a loud, but misdirected,
minority.
9 但别搞错，我从来不提倡对动物实行不必要的残忍对待。
动物权利运动使我
们更加意识 到动物应有的权利，以及努力寻找合适替代品的需要。
但是，如
果有更多的动物权利运动
的激进分子成功地阻止了进一步的研究，那他们的努
力会造成以许多人的生命为代价的悲 剧。
因此，真正的问题是我们能否唤起
大多数漠不关心的民众来保护动物实验的将来，以
反对嗓门挺大、但却是被误
导的那一小部分人。
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