大学体验英语四课后翻译
藿香正气液的作用-戏剧影视
Unit 1
1. 随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on)
With his promotion, he has taken on greater
responsibilities.
2.他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment)
He felt he did not have to make such a
commitment to John any more.
3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to)
Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time,
as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home
reading
4.说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心
(conscience) 且没有资格的
权力追求者。(at best, at worst)
At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a
power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.
5.我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway)
We have striven to the full to convince him,
but we have made no headway.
1.他似乎只有在打保龄球的时候才感觉到舒服。
It seems that the
only time he felt good about himself was when he
was bowling.
2.饭店员工是不收小费原则的唯一例外。
One
exception to the “no-tipping rule” is the hotel
staff.
3.很多年轻人在理论上知道怎么干，但当付诸实践时，就茫然无措了。
Many of these youngsters know the job in theory
but they’re still wet behind the ears when
it
comes toputting it into practice.
4.今天，在顶级公关运营商中间存在着一种广泛的共识，认为法庭和媒体的对峙不能再继续下去。
Today, there is widespread agreement among
top PR operators that the stand-off
between
courts and the media can not continue.
5.对于每个人来说，有一点是确信的，睡眠不仅是必需 的，而且睡眠有助于我们身心健康。
As for everyone, one thing is certain, not
only do we have to sleep, but it is good for your
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mind and bodyas well.
倍数的翻译 (Multiples)
常见的倍数的翻译有倍数的增加和倍数的减少。
倍数的增加
1 n times +名词或+ that of ..., n
times as ... as ... 或v + n
times等可译成“是...的n倍”或“比...
增加n–1倍”。
e.g.
The output of cars this year is about three times
as great as that of last year.
今年的汽车产量大约是去年的三倍。 (或：今年的汽车产量比去年多两倍左右。)
2 n
times +“增加”意义的比较级 + than ...可译成“净增加...或...倍”。
e.g. The irrigated area in this
prefecture is four times bigger than in 1998.
这个辖区的灌溉面积是1998年的4倍。
3 “增加”意义的动词+ by
...可译成“增加了……”；“增加”意义的动词+ by a factor of
...可译成“增加了
n–1倍”；
增加意义的动词+ to ...
可译成“增加到……或……倍”或“增加了n–1倍”。
e.g. The
value of our industrial output this year has
increased five times as compared
with that of
ten years
ago.
今年我们的工业产值比10年前增加了四倍。
The rate of
inflation has increased by 3%.
通货膨胀率增长了3%。
4 Double, treble, quadruple,
n + fold等表示的倍数可译成“是……的n倍”或“增加了n–1倍”。
e.g.
The efficiency of the machine has been more than
trebled.
2
这台机器的效率增加了二倍多 (是过去的三倍多)。
倍数的减少
1 n
times as +“减少”意义的原级 + as ..., n times + “减少”意义的比较级
+ than ... , “减少”意义
的动词+ n times等，
可译成“比...减少(n–1) n”、“减少了(n–1) n”、“是...1n”、“减少到1n”
(若n中有小数点，则
要换算成不带小数点的分数或百分数)。
e.g.
The length of the laser tube was reduced ten
times.
激光管的长度缩短到110。
(或：激光管的长度缩短了910。)
This kind of
film is twice thinner than ordinary paper, but its
quality is quite good.
尽管这种薄膜的厚度只是普通纸张的一半，可是质量却相当好。
2
“减少”意义的动词+ by可译成“减少...”、“减少n–1n”或“减少到1n”；减少意义的动词+
by a factor
of可译成
“减少n–1
n”或“减少到1n”；减少意义的动词+ to可译成“减少到...”。
e.g.
The load resistance is reduced by a factor of 5.
负载阻抗减少到五分之一。
The company has reduced its work force from more
than 15 000 to 10 000.
该公司将其工作人员从15 000多人裁减到10 000人。
Unit 2
1.
宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for)
Answer: The
Constitution provides for citizen’s freedom of
speech.
2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。(grow
out of; bring up)
Answer: Our constant
quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to
bring up children.
3.
我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before)
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Answer: We have learned some words long
before we can read.
4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the
more ... the more)
Answer: Many Chinese
parents think that the earlier children go to
school, the better.
5.
新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather)
Answer: The
new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it
is to bring justice and opportunity
to the
poor
1.要得到任何类似的关于你申请状态的准确信息都是极不寻常的。
Answer: It is extremely unusual to get
anything resembling accurate information about the
status of your application.
2.法律面前人人平等是被认为理所当然的。
Answer: It is taken
for granted that everyone is equal before the law.
3.在美国餐馆吃饭、住宾馆、乘出租车时如何付小费是非常复杂的。
Answer: There is nothing more complicated than
that about Americans tipping, eating in
restaurants, living in hotels or taking a
taxi.
4.你一定见过那些被称为鹰的大鸟是如何在地面或者大树之上捕获猎物的。
Answer: You must have seen these large birds
called eagles, feasting on their prey, either on
the ground, or high up on tree tops.
5.专家们毫不怀疑，这些药物将在加强我国应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病方面大有帮助。
Answer: Experts have no doubt that these drugs
will go a long way in further strengthening
our national response to HIV and AIDS.
数量词的翻译 (Numbers)
数词的翻译
英汉两种语言表示数量的方法时有不同，翻译中不仅需要仔细推敲如何表达，有时还需要进行换算。
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例如：
1. ten thousand: 万
one hundred thousand: 十万 one hundred
million: 亿
one billion: 十亿 ten
billion: 百亿；
2. hundreds of: 数百
thousands of: 成千上万 tens of
thousands
of: 千千万万
millions of: 数百万；千百万 millions of
millions of: 亿万
与此相类似的还有一些表示数量的名词：
decades: 几十 (年) scores: 好几十；大量 dozens: 数打，数十
。
量词的翻译
1.
度量衡单位词的翻译：直接将量词译为对应的汉语。例如：
ton: 吨 gram:
克 foot: 英尺 inch: 英寸
2.普通名词作量词则应按语境来译，必须符合汉语的表达习惯。例如：
a piece of
news: 一则消息 a colony of ants: 一窝蚂蚁 a cake of
soap: 一块肥皂
3. 翻译时增加量词。例如：
a chair:
一把椅子 a horse: 一匹马 a tree: 一棵树
A red
sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
Unit 3
1.
你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。(pluck off)
Answer: You should
pluck off the dead fl owers in time.
2.
我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案。(qualify as)
Answer: I don’t
think what you said really qualifi es as an
answer.
3. 我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。(echo)
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Answer: Our shouts echoed through the
silent streets.
4.
毫无疑问，他的成绩提高了，他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣。(revive)
Answer:
There is no doubt that his grades have improved
and his interest in learning has
revived.
5. 史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。(file for)
Answer:
The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce
court.
1.这自然是一种完全可笑的幻想。我根本不想当什么大(tycoon)，也根本看不起大款。
Answer: It is of course a ridiculous fancy.
Being a tycoon is the last thing I imagine and
also
a thing I utterly despise.
2.研究人员说，在家里承受压力的孩子会在课堂上捅娄子，这会损害全班学生的学习能力。
Answer: The researchers say that children
under stress at home can cause problems in the
classroom, which ultimately hurts all the
students’ ability to learn.
3. 医学杂志上的一份研究报告回应了
金融危机会带来医疗灾难的警告，说有迹象表明，心理健康问题和自
杀行为急剧增加。
Answer: A study in the medical journal echoes
the warning of an impending health
catastrophe
brought about by the financial crisis, saying
there are signs of a sharp rise in
mental
health problems and suicide.
4.当学生为了获得一个超过他们应得
成绩的更好分数而作弊时，他们其实就在学习养成欺骗和不诚实的生
活习惯。
Answer:
When pupils are practicing cheating for the
purpose of obtaining better school marks
than
they deserve, they are surely training themselves
for lives of deceit and dishonesty.
5.如果没有交通规则，人们如何在公路上开小轿车、大巴或其他交通工具？
Answer:
Would people be able to drive a car, a bus and any
other vehicle on the roadway if
there were no
traffic regulations?
否定句的翻译 (Negatives)
The use of negatives in English is very
flexible and delicate. The following tips will
help
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you to handle the
translation.
1 否定成分的转移 The object did not move
because I pushed on it.
这物体不是因为我推了才移动的。（原文否定谓语，译文否定状语。）
Nobody could
be too foolish this day. 2 形式否定
在这天，你怎么出洋相都不过分。
Without substance, there could
be no force. 3 双重否定
没有物质就没有重力。（译成双重否定）
She is not a little
interested in computer games.
她对计算机游戏有浓厚兴趣。（译成肯定句）
Everything is not
straightened out. 4 部分否定
并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。
The outcome of the experiment was not half
bad. 5 强调否定
实验结果相当好。
The report lacks
detail. 6 含蓄否定
报告不够详尽。（否定包含在英语动词中）
Unit
4
1. 我爷爷虽然70岁了，但他的爱好广泛，从下国际象棋到爬山，多种多样。(range
from ... to)
Answer: My grandfather’s
interests range from playing chess to climbing
mountains although
he is 70 years old.
2.
真奇怪，汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。(surprisingly)
Answer:
Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dolls
at the age of 80.
3.
他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。(qualify for)
Answer: His selflessness and talent qualify
him for the job most students dream to get.
4.
你如何解释他的那个怪梦？(interpretation)
Answer: What
interpretation would you put on his odd strange
dream?
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5.
我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。(be capable of)
Answer:
The brand-new car our boss has just bought is
capable of making 200 kilometers an
hour.
1.正义不但必须要伸张，而且要让人看到正义得到了伸张。
Answer:
Justice must not only be done, but it must be seen
to be done.
2.发展的主要障碍是国家欠下的巨额外债。
Answer:
The main impediment to development is the
country’s huge foreign debt.
3.政治家夸夸其谈，但经常是言不由衷。
Answer: Politicians
say a lot but often failing to tell us what they
really mean.
4.不要抱怨生活对你不公，因为生活根本就不知道你是谁。
Answer: Don’t complain that life is unfair to
you because life simply does not know who you
are.
5.多元化产品的范围由一般电子组件至大型安装机器。
Answer:
Diversified products range from electronics
components to assembly machinery.
定语从句的翻译
(Relative Clauses)
常见的定语从句翻译方法有两种：合译法和分译法。
1 合译法：把定语从句译成汉语的“的”字
结构，放在被修饰词的前面，从而把英语的主句和定语从句
合译成一个汉语单句。
1)
This is the scientist who just returned from the
North Pole.
这是刚从北极归来的科学家。
2) The
sun, which had hidden in the cloud all day, now
came out in its entire splendor.
整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
3) Without rubber
there would be no such automobiles as we have
today.
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如果没有橡胶，就不会有今天这样的汽车。
2 分译法：将定语从句与主句分开，译成并列分句。
1) I knew
that Mary would tell the story to her mother, who
would probably tell it to
John.
我知道玛丽准会把这件事告诉她的妈妈，她妈妈多半又会把这事说给约翰听。
2) They
worked out a new method by which production has
now been rapidly increased.
他们找到了一种新方法，采用该方法之后产量已迅速提高。
3) Machine tools
have various uses, one of which is to make holes
in metal.
机床有各种用途，其中之一是给金属钻孔。
Unit 5
1. 产品广告中的说明必须符合产品的实际质量。(conform to)
Answer: The explanation in the advertisement
of the product must conform to its actual
quality.
2.
新的见解有望为我们探索应对这种情况的新方法铺平道路。(pave the way for)
Answer: New insights will hopefully pave the
way for us to explore new ways of treating this
condition.
3.
谚语来源于生活，是一个民族的语言和文化的浓缩和体现。(derive from)
Answer: Proverbs, which derive from life, are
the condensation and embodiment of the
language and culture of a nation.
4.
这段情感关系一直困扰着她，而且不见尽头。(haunt)
Answer: The
emotional relationship has been haunting her with
no end in sight.
5.
应当承认，很难判定这件独特商品的合适价格。(discern)
Answer:
Admittedly, the right price for this unique
commodity is hard to discern.
1.
除了他为他儿子所做的一切之外，我们认为他没有什么值得表扬的地方
Answer:
We agree that he had nothing to be praised for
other than what he had done for his
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son.
2.
很多企业不把商业道德当回事儿，这比任何违法的商业行为给世界经济所带来的危害都要大。
Answer: That many enterprises don’t take
business ethics
seriously can be more
destructive to world economythan any illegal
commercial action.
3.
中国人的热情好客在过年期间的盛宴上得到了充分的诠释。
Answer: The
hospitality of the Chinese finds its ultimate
expression in the grand feasts
during the
Spring Festival.
4. 这笔世界银行的贷款为更多的
孩子有更好的学习条件提供了 经济上的保障。
Answer: This loan of
money from the World Bank provides financial
guarantee that
enables more children to have
better facilities in school.
5.
与其说是对教育公平的一项科学研讨，不如说是呼吁公众对穷人发展的关注。
Answer: It
is less a scientific research about equal
education opportunity than it is a call
for
public attention to the development of the poor.
同位语的翻译 (Appositives)
可以充当同位语的有名词、代词、介词短语、不定式等。同位语通常放在有关成分 (本位语)
之后，
并对其内容作进一步的解释说明。同位语一般用逗号与本位语隔开
(但有时也可不隔开)。下面举例说明有
关同位语的各种表达方式及其翻译方法：
1. 名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语，一般与本位语译在一起：
Examples
You may leave it to us two.
你可以把这件事交给我们两个。
This is Mr Zhou,
director of our hospital.
这是我们医院院长周先生。
She seemed different from them all.
她似乎和他们所有的人都不同。
This theory
was advanced by Li Siguang, a famous Chinese
geologist.
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这一理论是由中国的著名地质学家李四光提出的。
2.
有些同位语结构复杂一些，如由引导词引导，翻译时一般译在本位语之后，且要用标点符号
(逗号、
冒号或破折号) 隔开。
Examples Then arose the
question where we were to get the machines needed.
这时就产生了一个问题：我们到哪儿去找需要的机器。
They visited eight cities, for example, London and
Paris.
他们访问了八座城市，例如伦敦和巴黎。
3. 在某些涵义需要进一步说明的名词 (如idea, fact, news, hope,
belief, thought, doubt等) 后
可用that从句作同位语，
翻译时多译成该名词的定语。称为同位语从句。
Examples I had no
idea that you were here.
我不知道你也在这儿。
Obviously there was little probability
that they would succeed, but they
didn’t mind.
很显然他们成功的可能性极小，但是他们不在意。
Unit 6
1. 她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray ... as)
2. Answer:She portrayed her childhood as a
time of wonder and discovery.
3. 2.
试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人犯的错误要少。(fewer ... than)
4.
Answer:Experiments showed that nonsmokers
committed fewer errors than smokers.
5. 3.
足球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜 利。
(not ... but)
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6.
Answer:Football fans are often highly regarded not
for their own achievement, but through
their
connection to a team that wins.
7. 4.
尽管演员的演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们。(despite)
8.
Answer:Despite the actors’ wonderful acting, the
three-hour movie could not hold our
attention.
9. 5.王教授是我能唯一指望救我儿子的大夫。(rely on)
10.
Answer:Professor Wang is the only doctor I can
rely on to save my son
1. 当我们知道有人从这次洪水中幸存
下来时激动得都要飞起来，但当我们怎么也找不到失踪的那几个同学时，心情也跌至了谷底
Answer
:1. We hit the heights when we got the news that
someone survived the flood and reach the
depths of despair when we can not find the
classmates lost in this accident.
2.
我们赢得这场比赛的机会要比那些经常训练的人少得多。
Answer:The
opportunities for us to win the match are much
fewer than those who practice often,
3.
我们所做到一切不是为了获得名或者利，而是为了让更多人 的希望。
Answer:What
we did is not for fame or fortune of ourselves,
but for the hopes of more people.
4.
他把自己在学校的糟糕表现归咎于自己贫困的家庭，而不是自身的懒惰。
Answer:He
blamed his poor performance in school on his poor
family background, rather that on
his own
laziness.
5. 大学生所面临的一个重要困难是如何把学到的知识应用到实践中去。
Answer:One of the difficulties college
students face is how to apply what they have
learned in school
to practice.
名词性从句的翻译(Noun Clauses))
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，因
此
名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1.
名词性that-从句的翻译
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that只起连接主句和从句的作用，本身没有词意，翻译时只译出从句的意义即可。
Examples
That he is still alive is sheer
luck.
他还活着全靠运气。
John said that he was
leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
The fact is that he has not been seen
recently.
事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
The fact that he
has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in
his office.
近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人感到不安。
that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。
Δ用it作先行词结构的翻译：
1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a
fact that ... 事实是?；
It is an honor that ...
?非常荣幸；
It is common knowledge that ... ?是常识
2)
It is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural that
... 很自然?；
It is strange that ... 奇怪的是?
3)
It ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that ... 似乎?；
It happened that ... 碰巧?
4)
It
＋过去分词＋从句
13
It is reported that
... 据报道?；
It has been proved that ... 已证实?
2. 名词性wh-从句的翻译
wh-词包括who, whom, whose,
whoever, what, whatever, which,
whichever等连接代词和
where,when, why等连接副词。翻译时既可译出这些连
接词语的疑问含义，又常按其实际所指变通译成
“?的东西”、“?的地方”、“?的时间”、“?的原
因”等。
Examples How the book will sell depends
on its author.
我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌
In
one’s own home one can do what one likes.
在自己家里可以随心所欲。
The club will give whoever
wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者发奖。
My question is
who will take over presidency of the Foundation.
我的问题是谁将接任该基金会的主席职位。
She will name him
whatever she wants to.
她高兴给他起什么名字就起什么名字。
I
have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
I’m not sure why she refused their invitation.
我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
That depends on where
we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
wh-
从句作主语也常用先行词it作形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，
Examples It
is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
14
It remains
unknown when they are going to get married.
他们何时结婚依然不明。
Δwh-从句常用结构的翻译：
Examples
What you need is ...
你需要的 (东西) 是?
How
＋从句＋ is up to you.?
什么的方法／途径由你决定。
Where
＋主语 ＋谓语＋ is none of your business.
什么地方与你无关。
Why ＋主语 ＋谓语＋ is a secret.
为什么还是个谜。
It is not clear who ...
谁还不清楚。
3.
名词性从句否定转移的翻译
1) think, believe, suppose,
expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到了主句中，
即主句
的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
Examples
I don’t
think I know you.
我想我并不认识你。
I don’ t
believe he will come.
我相信他不会来。
2)seem,
appear等后的从句的否定，转移到了前面。
Examples
It
doesn’t seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪里去。
15
It doesn’t
appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3)有时整个从句的否定，转变为对谓语动词的否定。
Example It’s not a place where anyone would
expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
Unit 7
1.
对考试结果我无法预料，我们只有等着瞧了。(inkling)
2. Answer:I
have no inkling about the examination results, we
shall have to wait and see.
3. 2.
我不知道到底发生了什么事，但是他们一小时前就该到达这里的。(suppose to)
4.
Answer:I don’t know what happened, but they were
supposed to be here an hour ago.
5. 3.
他今天穿的衬衫的颜色与领带很不相配。(match)
6. Answer:The color
of the shirt he is wearing today does not match
that of his tie.
7. 4.
经过数年的准备和积累，我终于开始了写作生涯。(commit)
8.
Answer:After years of preparation and
accumulation, I have committed to a writing career
fi nally.
9. 5.
我已经告诉我的孩子们要学着把自己的抽屉清理好。(clear out)
10.
Answer:I have asked my kids to learn to clear out
their drawers
1.我当时没有意识到发生在万里之外的美国的事情会这么快就被这些村民知道了。
Answer:I didn’t realize then that the thing
taking place in America which is 10 thousand miles
away would be known by the villagers here so
soon.
2. 正是在国外生活的这三年使我学会了人与人之间相处的原则。
Answer:It took the three-year-experience of living
abroad for me to learn interpersonal
communication principles.
3.
我已经明白了正如在任何超市里一样，电脑里的一切都应该是系统化地安排的。
16
Answer:I have learned that in computer,
as in any super market, everything should be
systematically arranged.
4.
这家正被媒体热切讨论的公司正是我们的合作伙伴，
正如其他消费者一样，我们也会密切关注事态的
发展。
Answer:The
company that is hotly discussed in mass media is
our cooperator and we,
like many other
costumers, will closely see how things progress.
5. 当我们意识到自己的责任以后，我们应该做的就是勇敢地面对来自各方面的挑战。
Answer:When we have realized our
responsibility, what we should do is to confront
various
challenges.
状语从句的翻译 (Adverbial
Clauses)
英语的状语从句种类较多，为了符合汉语的表达习惯，翻译的时候应注意从句子语序
和词语的省略两
方面考虑。
语序：英语状语从句位置比较灵活，翻译时应根据汉语结构的需要，对语序作必要的调整。
省略：为了避免累赘，要注意汉语中常将从句的主语和连词省略。
例如：
语序 1) He always goes wherever he is in urgent
need.
哪里需要他，他就到哪里去。
2) She
passed the CET 4 because she had studied very
hard.
因为学习努力，所以她顺利地通过了英语4级。(如果强调结果，也可把从句译在后面)
3) Chongqing has undergone great changes since it
became a municipality.
自从成为直辖市以来，重庆发生了巨大的变化。
4) We would have
accomplished the task much easier if you had come
to help
us.
要是你来帮我们，完成这项任务本可以更容易些。
5) You shouldn’t have given up so early,
though you met with a lot of difficulty.
虽然有很多困难，你也不应该这么早就放弃。
17
省略
1) Please let me know in case you need my help.
( ) 如果需要帮助，请告知我。
2) As soon
as you get the order, you should set out
immediately.
( ) 一旦接到命令，你应该立即出发。
3) We might have a rest after we finish the
project.
( ) 完成这个项目，我们可以休息一下。
4) He didn’t come to class because he was
seriously injured in the football
match.
( ) 他在足球比赛中严重受伤，( ) 没来上课。
5) Rich as you
are, you shouldn’t look down upon the poor.
你虽然有钱，( ) 也不应该瞧不起穷人。
Unit 8
1.
无论我们遇到什么样的困难，我们都应该想办法克服它。(overcome)
2.
Answer:No matter what difficulties we come across,
we should try our best to
overcome them.
3. 2. 尊老爱幼是中华民族传统的美德。(traditional)
4.
Answer:Respecting the old and caring for the young
is a traditional Chinese virtue.
5. 3.
今天，各行各业的人都在努力提高自己的知识水平以便跟上时代的发展。(all
walks of
life)
18
6. Answer:Today, people
from all walks of life are trying to acquire more
knowledge to
keep pace with the development of
the times.
7. 4. 孩子们特别喜欢卡通片。(have a fancy for
take a fancy to)
8. Answer:Children have a
fancy for cartoons.
9. 5.
鉴于他们缺乏经验，这工作他们做得不错。(given that)
10.
Answer:Given that they are lacking in experience
inexperienced green hand, they
have done a
good job
1. 当她不得不在家庭与工作之间做出选择时，她陷入了两难境地。
Answer:She ran into a dilemma when she had to
make a choice between family and her
career.
2. 尽管我承认这些问题挺棘手，但我不相信他们无法解决。
Answer:But
while I admit that the problems are difficult, I
don't agree that they can't be
solved.
3.
由于他犯下了那样严重的罪行，受到严厉的处罚似乎是很自然的。
Answer:Since he
had committed such a serious crime, it seemed
natural that he should
be severely punished.
4. 如果你真的想给你老板留下深刻印象，你就应该有创造性的思维。
Answer:If
you really want to impress your boss, you should
have some original ideas.
5.
这一现象并不令人吃惊，考虑到他们为克服这些困难所做出的辛苦努力的话。
Answer:This
is not surprising, given that they have made
painstaking effort to overcome
the
difficulties.
长句的翻译 (Long Sentences)
19
翻译长句时应从语法上分析全句，通过语法分析，弄清长句中各部分之间
的语法关系，特别要弄清楚
哪个是主句，主句中的主语、谓语和宾语是什么以及整个句子的时间先后顺序
和逻辑关系，然后按照汉语
的特点和表达方式把句子译成若干短句，并安排好各短句之间的次序。
下面三种方法有助于我们译好长句。
1.顺译法： A partition
runs down the center of the heart, dividing it
into left and right sections
which work at the
same time but deal with two different types of
blood.
一道隔膜穿过心脏中间，把心脏分成左右两个部分，两个部分同时活动，但却处理两种类型的血液。
2.逆译法: What easier way is there for a nurse, a
policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose their
professional identity than to step out of
uniform?
对于护士、警察、理发师或是服务员来说，要使人们看不出他们的职业身份，还有
什么比脱下制服更容
易的方法呢?
3.分译法: But for many,
the fact that poor people are able to support
themselves almost as
well without government
aid as with it is in itself a huge victory.
但
在许多人看来，穷人能不靠政府救济养活自己，而且生活得几乎和依靠政府救济一样好，这本身就是
一个
巨大的胜利。 事实上，有些长句的翻译同时要用到两种或两种以上的方法，在翻译的过程中还需运用
增
词法、减词法和重复法等翻译技巧。若不善于使用这些翻译技巧，即使看懂了句子结构，表达起来也难
免
不够通顺。
20
Unit 1
1.
随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on)
With his
promotion, he has taken on greater
responsibilities.
2.他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment)
He felt he did not have to make such a
commitment to John any more.
3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to)
Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time,
as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home
reading
4.说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心
(conscience) 且没有资格的
权力追求者。(at best, at worst)
At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a
power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.
5.我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway)
We have striven to the full to convince him,
but we have made no headway.
1.他似乎只有在打保龄球的时候才感觉到舒服。
It seems that the
only time he felt good about himself was when he
was bowling.
2.饭店员工是不收小费原则的唯一例外。
One
exception to the “no-tipping rule” is the hotel
staff.
3.很多年轻人在理论上知道怎么干，但当付诸实践时，就茫然无措了。
Many of these youngsters know the job in theory
but they’re still wet behind the ears when
it
comes toputting it into practice.
4.今天，在顶级公关运营商中间存在着一种广泛的共识，认为法庭和媒体的对峙不能再继续下去。
Today, there is widespread agreement among
top PR operators that the stand-off
between
courts and the media can not continue.
5.对于每个人来说，有一点是确信的，睡眠不仅是必需 的，而且睡眠有助于我们身心健康。
As for everyone, one thing is certain, not
only do we have to sleep, but it is good for your
1
mind and bodyas well.
倍数的翻译 (Multiples)
常见的倍数的翻译有倍数的增加和倍数的减少。
倍数的增加
1 n times +名词或+ that of ..., n
times as ... as ... 或v + n
times等可译成“是...的n倍”或“比...
增加n–1倍”。
e.g.
The output of cars this year is about three times
as great as that of last year.
今年的汽车产量大约是去年的三倍。 (或：今年的汽车产量比去年多两倍左右。)
2 n
times +“增加”意义的比较级 + than ...可译成“净增加...或...倍”。
e.g. The irrigated area in this
prefecture is four times bigger than in 1998.
这个辖区的灌溉面积是1998年的4倍。
3 “增加”意义的动词+ by
...可译成“增加了……”；“增加”意义的动词+ by a factor of
...可译成“增加了
n–1倍”；
增加意义的动词+ to ...
可译成“增加到……或……倍”或“增加了n–1倍”。
e.g. The
value of our industrial output this year has
increased five times as compared
with that of
ten years
ago.
今年我们的工业产值比10年前增加了四倍。
The rate of
inflation has increased by 3%.
通货膨胀率增长了3%。
4 Double, treble, quadruple,
n + fold等表示的倍数可译成“是……的n倍”或“增加了n–1倍”。
e.g.
The efficiency of the machine has been more than
trebled.
2
这台机器的效率增加了二倍多 (是过去的三倍多)。
倍数的减少
1 n
times as +“减少”意义的原级 + as ..., n times + “减少”意义的比较级
+ than ... , “减少”意义
的动词+ n times等，
可译成“比...减少(n–1) n”、“减少了(n–1) n”、“是...1n”、“减少到1n”
(若n中有小数点，则
要换算成不带小数点的分数或百分数)。
e.g.
The length of the laser tube was reduced ten
times.
激光管的长度缩短到110。
(或：激光管的长度缩短了910。)
This kind of
film is twice thinner than ordinary paper, but its
quality is quite good.
尽管这种薄膜的厚度只是普通纸张的一半，可是质量却相当好。
2
“减少”意义的动词+ by可译成“减少...”、“减少n–1n”或“减少到1n”；减少意义的动词+
by a factor
of可译成
“减少n–1
n”或“减少到1n”；减少意义的动词+ to可译成“减少到...”。
e.g.
The load resistance is reduced by a factor of 5.
负载阻抗减少到五分之一。
The company has reduced its work force from more
than 15 000 to 10 000.
该公司将其工作人员从15 000多人裁减到10 000人。
Unit 2
1.
宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for)
Answer: The
Constitution provides for citizen’s freedom of
speech.
2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。(grow
out of; bring up)
Answer: Our constant
quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to
bring up children.
3.
我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before)
3
Answer: We have learned some words long
before we can read.
4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the
more ... the more)
Answer: Many Chinese
parents think that the earlier children go to
school, the better.
5.
新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather)
Answer: The
new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it
is to bring justice and opportunity
to the
poor
1.要得到任何类似的关于你申请状态的准确信息都是极不寻常的。
Answer: It is extremely unusual to get
anything resembling accurate information about the
status of your application.
2.法律面前人人平等是被认为理所当然的。
Answer: It is taken
for granted that everyone is equal before the law.
3.在美国餐馆吃饭、住宾馆、乘出租车时如何付小费是非常复杂的。
Answer: There is nothing more complicated than
that about Americans tipping, eating in
restaurants, living in hotels or taking a
taxi.
4.你一定见过那些被称为鹰的大鸟是如何在地面或者大树之上捕获猎物的。
Answer: You must have seen these large birds
called eagles, feasting on their prey, either on
the ground, or high up on tree tops.
5.专家们毫不怀疑，这些药物将在加强我国应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病方面大有帮助。
Answer: Experts have no doubt that these drugs
will go a long way in further strengthening
our national response to HIV and AIDS.
数量词的翻译 (Numbers)
数词的翻译
英汉两种语言表示数量的方法时有不同，翻译中不仅需要仔细推敲如何表达，有时还需要进行换算。
4
例如：
1. ten thousand: 万
one hundred thousand: 十万 one hundred
million: 亿
one billion: 十亿 ten
billion: 百亿；
2. hundreds of: 数百
thousands of: 成千上万 tens of
thousands
of: 千千万万
millions of: 数百万；千百万 millions of
millions of: 亿万
与此相类似的还有一些表示数量的名词：
decades: 几十 (年) scores: 好几十；大量 dozens: 数打，数十
。
量词的翻译
1.
度量衡单位词的翻译：直接将量词译为对应的汉语。例如：
ton: 吨 gram:
克 foot: 英尺 inch: 英寸
2.普通名词作量词则应按语境来译，必须符合汉语的表达习惯。例如：
a piece of
news: 一则消息 a colony of ants: 一窝蚂蚁 a cake of
soap: 一块肥皂
3. 翻译时增加量词。例如：
a chair:
一把椅子 a horse: 一匹马 a tree: 一棵树
A red
sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
Unit 3
1.
你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。(pluck off)
Answer: You should
pluck off the dead fl owers in time.
2.
我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案。(qualify as)
Answer: I don’t
think what you said really qualifi es as an
answer.
3. 我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。(echo)
5
Answer: Our shouts echoed through the
silent streets.
4.
毫无疑问，他的成绩提高了，他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣。(revive)
Answer:
There is no doubt that his grades have improved
and his interest in learning has
revived.
5. 史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。(file for)
Answer:
The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce
court.
1.这自然是一种完全可笑的幻想。我根本不想当什么大(tycoon)，也根本看不起大款。
Answer: It is of course a ridiculous fancy.
Being a tycoon is the last thing I imagine and
also
a thing I utterly despise.
2.研究人员说，在家里承受压力的孩子会在课堂上捅娄子，这会损害全班学生的学习能力。
Answer: The researchers say that children
under stress at home can cause problems in the
classroom, which ultimately hurts all the
students’ ability to learn.
3. 医学杂志上的一份研究报告回应了
金融危机会带来医疗灾难的警告，说有迹象表明，心理健康问题和自
杀行为急剧增加。
Answer: A study in the medical journal echoes
the warning of an impending health
catastrophe
brought about by the financial crisis, saying
there are signs of a sharp rise in
mental
health problems and suicide.
4.当学生为了获得一个超过他们应得
成绩的更好分数而作弊时，他们其实就在学习养成欺骗和不诚实的生
活习惯。
Answer:
When pupils are practicing cheating for the
purpose of obtaining better school marks
than
they deserve, they are surely training themselves
for lives of deceit and dishonesty.
5.如果没有交通规则，人们如何在公路上开小轿车、大巴或其他交通工具？
Answer:
Would people be able to drive a car, a bus and any
other vehicle on the roadway if
there were no
traffic regulations?
否定句的翻译 (Negatives)
The use of negatives in English is very
flexible and delicate. The following tips will
help
6
you to handle the
translation.
1 否定成分的转移 The object did not move
because I pushed on it.
这物体不是因为我推了才移动的。（原文否定谓语，译文否定状语。）
Nobody could
be too foolish this day. 2 形式否定
在这天，你怎么出洋相都不过分。
Without substance, there could
be no force. 3 双重否定
没有物质就没有重力。（译成双重否定）
She is not a little
interested in computer games.
她对计算机游戏有浓厚兴趣。（译成肯定句）
Everything is not
straightened out. 4 部分否定
并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。
The outcome of the experiment was not half
bad. 5 强调否定
实验结果相当好。
The report lacks
detail. 6 含蓄否定
报告不够详尽。（否定包含在英语动词中）
Unit
4
1. 我爷爷虽然70岁了，但他的爱好广泛，从下国际象棋到爬山，多种多样。(range
from ... to)
Answer: My grandfather’s
interests range from playing chess to climbing
mountains although
he is 70 years old.
2.
真奇怪，汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。(surprisingly)
Answer:
Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dolls
at the age of 80.
3.
他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。(qualify for)
Answer: His selflessness and talent qualify
him for the job most students dream to get.
4.
你如何解释他的那个怪梦？(interpretation)
Answer: What
interpretation would you put on his odd strange
dream?
7
5.
我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。(be capable of)
Answer:
The brand-new car our boss has just bought is
capable of making 200 kilometers an
hour.
1.正义不但必须要伸张，而且要让人看到正义得到了伸张。
Answer:
Justice must not only be done, but it must be seen
to be done.
2.发展的主要障碍是国家欠下的巨额外债。
Answer:
The main impediment to development is the
country’s huge foreign debt.
3.政治家夸夸其谈，但经常是言不由衷。
Answer: Politicians
say a lot but often failing to tell us what they
really mean.
4.不要抱怨生活对你不公，因为生活根本就不知道你是谁。
Answer: Don’t complain that life is unfair to
you because life simply does not know who you
are.
5.多元化产品的范围由一般电子组件至大型安装机器。
Answer:
Diversified products range from electronics
components to assembly machinery.
定语从句的翻译
(Relative Clauses)
常见的定语从句翻译方法有两种：合译法和分译法。
1 合译法：把定语从句译成汉语的“的”字
结构，放在被修饰词的前面，从而把英语的主句和定语从句
合译成一个汉语单句。
1)
This is the scientist who just returned from the
North Pole.
这是刚从北极归来的科学家。
2) The
sun, which had hidden in the cloud all day, now
came out in its entire splendor.
整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
3) Without rubber
there would be no such automobiles as we have
today.
8
如果没有橡胶，就不会有今天这样的汽车。
2 分译法：将定语从句与主句分开，译成并列分句。
1) I knew
that Mary would tell the story to her mother, who
would probably tell it to
John.
我知道玛丽准会把这件事告诉她的妈妈，她妈妈多半又会把这事说给约翰听。
2) They
worked out a new method by which production has
now been rapidly increased.
他们找到了一种新方法，采用该方法之后产量已迅速提高。
3) Machine tools
have various uses, one of which is to make holes
in metal.
机床有各种用途，其中之一是给金属钻孔。
Unit 5
1. 产品广告中的说明必须符合产品的实际质量。(conform to)
Answer: The explanation in the advertisement
of the product must conform to its actual
quality.
2.
新的见解有望为我们探索应对这种情况的新方法铺平道路。(pave the way for)
Answer: New insights will hopefully pave the
way for us to explore new ways of treating this
condition.
3.
谚语来源于生活，是一个民族的语言和文化的浓缩和体现。(derive from)
Answer: Proverbs, which derive from life, are
the condensation and embodiment of the
language and culture of a nation.
4.
这段情感关系一直困扰着她，而且不见尽头。(haunt)
Answer: The
emotional relationship has been haunting her with
no end in sight.
5.
应当承认，很难判定这件独特商品的合适价格。(discern)
Answer:
Admittedly, the right price for this unique
commodity is hard to discern.
1.
除了他为他儿子所做的一切之外，我们认为他没有什么值得表扬的地方
Answer:
We agree that he had nothing to be praised for
other than what he had done for his
9
son.
2.
很多企业不把商业道德当回事儿，这比任何违法的商业行为给世界经济所带来的危害都要大。
Answer: That many enterprises don’t take
business ethics
seriously can be more
destructive to world economythan any illegal
commercial action.
3.
中国人的热情好客在过年期间的盛宴上得到了充分的诠释。
Answer: The
hospitality of the Chinese finds its ultimate
expression in the grand feasts
during the
Spring Festival.
4. 这笔世界银行的贷款为更多的
孩子有更好的学习条件提供了 经济上的保障。
Answer: This loan of
money from the World Bank provides financial
guarantee that
enables more children to have
better facilities in school.
5.
与其说是对教育公平的一项科学研讨，不如说是呼吁公众对穷人发展的关注。
Answer: It
is less a scientific research about equal
education opportunity than it is a call
for
public attention to the development of the poor.
同位语的翻译 (Appositives)
可以充当同位语的有名词、代词、介词短语、不定式等。同位语通常放在有关成分 (本位语)
之后，
并对其内容作进一步的解释说明。同位语一般用逗号与本位语隔开
(但有时也可不隔开)。下面举例说明有
关同位语的各种表达方式及其翻译方法：
1. 名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语，一般与本位语译在一起：
Examples
You may leave it to us two.
你可以把这件事交给我们两个。
This is Mr Zhou,
director of our hospital.
这是我们医院院长周先生。
She seemed different from them all.
她似乎和他们所有的人都不同。
This theory
was advanced by Li Siguang, a famous Chinese
geologist.
10
这一理论是由中国的著名地质学家李四光提出的。
2.
有些同位语结构复杂一些，如由引导词引导，翻译时一般译在本位语之后，且要用标点符号
(逗号、
冒号或破折号) 隔开。
Examples Then arose the
question where we were to get the machines needed.
这时就产生了一个问题：我们到哪儿去找需要的机器。
They visited eight cities, for example, London and
Paris.
他们访问了八座城市，例如伦敦和巴黎。
3. 在某些涵义需要进一步说明的名词 (如idea, fact, news, hope,
belief, thought, doubt等) 后
可用that从句作同位语，
翻译时多译成该名词的定语。称为同位语从句。
Examples I had no
idea that you were here.
我不知道你也在这儿。
Obviously there was little probability
that they would succeed, but they
didn’t mind.
很显然他们成功的可能性极小，但是他们不在意。
Unit 6
1. 她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray ... as)
2. Answer:She portrayed her childhood as a
time of wonder and discovery.
3. 2.
试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人犯的错误要少。(fewer ... than)
4.
Answer:Experiments showed that nonsmokers
committed fewer errors than smokers.
5. 3.
足球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜 利。
(not ... but)
11
6.
Answer:Football fans are often highly regarded not
for their own achievement, but through
their
connection to a team that wins.
7. 4.
尽管演员的演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们。(despite)
8.
Answer:Despite the actors’ wonderful acting, the
three-hour movie could not hold our
attention.
9. 5.王教授是我能唯一指望救我儿子的大夫。(rely on)
10.
Answer:Professor Wang is the only doctor I can
rely on to save my son
1. 当我们知道有人从这次洪水中幸存
下来时激动得都要飞起来，但当我们怎么也找不到失踪的那几个同学时，心情也跌至了谷底
Answer
:1. We hit the heights when we got the news that
someone survived the flood and reach the
depths of despair when we can not find the
classmates lost in this accident.
2.
我们赢得这场比赛的机会要比那些经常训练的人少得多。
Answer:The
opportunities for us to win the match are much
fewer than those who practice often,
3.
我们所做到一切不是为了获得名或者利，而是为了让更多人 的希望。
Answer:What
we did is not for fame or fortune of ourselves,
but for the hopes of more people.
4.
他把自己在学校的糟糕表现归咎于自己贫困的家庭，而不是自身的懒惰。
Answer:He
blamed his poor performance in school on his poor
family background, rather that on
his own
laziness.
5. 大学生所面临的一个重要困难是如何把学到的知识应用到实践中去。
Answer:One of the difficulties college
students face is how to apply what they have
learned in school
to practice.
名词性从句的翻译(Noun Clauses))
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，因
此
名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1.
名词性that-从句的翻译
12
that只起连接主句和从句的作用，本身没有词意，翻译时只译出从句的意义即可。
Examples
That he is still alive is sheer
luck.
他还活着全靠运气。
John said that he was
leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
The fact is that he has not been seen
recently.
事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
The fact that he
has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in
his office.
近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人感到不安。
that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。
Δ用it作先行词结构的翻译：
1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a
fact that ... 事实是?；
It is an honor that ...
?非常荣幸；
It is common knowledge that ... ?是常识
2)
It is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural that
... 很自然?；
It is strange that ... 奇怪的是?
3)
It ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that ... 似乎?；
It happened that ... 碰巧?
4)
It
＋过去分词＋从句
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It is reported that
... 据报道?；
It has been proved that ... 已证实?
2. 名词性wh-从句的翻译
wh-词包括who, whom, whose,
whoever, what, whatever, which,
whichever等连接代词和
where,when, why等连接副词。翻译时既可译出这些连
接词语的疑问含义，又常按其实际所指变通译成
“?的东西”、“?的地方”、“?的时间”、“?的原
因”等。
Examples How the book will sell depends
on its author.
我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌
In
one’s own home one can do what one likes.
在自己家里可以随心所欲。
The club will give whoever
wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者发奖。
My question is
who will take over presidency of the Foundation.
我的问题是谁将接任该基金会的主席职位。
She will name him
whatever she wants to.
她高兴给他起什么名字就起什么名字。
I
have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
I’m not sure why she refused their invitation.
我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
That depends on where
we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
wh-
从句作主语也常用先行词it作形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，
Examples It
is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
14
It remains
unknown when they are going to get married.
他们何时结婚依然不明。
Δwh-从句常用结构的翻译：
Examples
What you need is ...
你需要的 (东西) 是?
How
＋从句＋ is up to you.?
什么的方法／途径由你决定。
Where
＋主语 ＋谓语＋ is none of your business.
什么地方与你无关。
Why ＋主语 ＋谓语＋ is a secret.
为什么还是个谜。
It is not clear who ...
谁还不清楚。
3.
名词性从句否定转移的翻译
1) think, believe, suppose,
expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到了主句中，
即主句
的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
Examples
I don’t
think I know you.
我想我并不认识你。
I don’ t
believe he will come.
我相信他不会来。
2)seem,
appear等后的从句的否定，转移到了前面。
Examples
It
doesn’t seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪里去。
15
It doesn’t
appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3)有时整个从句的否定，转变为对谓语动词的否定。
Example It’s not a place where anyone would
expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
Unit 7
1.
对考试结果我无法预料，我们只有等着瞧了。(inkling)
2. Answer:I
have no inkling about the examination results, we
shall have to wait and see.
3. 2.
我不知道到底发生了什么事，但是他们一小时前就该到达这里的。(suppose to)
4.
Answer:I don’t know what happened, but they were
supposed to be here an hour ago.
5. 3.
他今天穿的衬衫的颜色与领带很不相配。(match)
6. Answer:The color
of the shirt he is wearing today does not match
that of his tie.
7. 4.
经过数年的准备和积累，我终于开始了写作生涯。(commit)
8.
Answer:After years of preparation and
accumulation, I have committed to a writing career
fi nally.
9. 5.
我已经告诉我的孩子们要学着把自己的抽屉清理好。(clear out)
10.
Answer:I have asked my kids to learn to clear out
their drawers
1.我当时没有意识到发生在万里之外的美国的事情会这么快就被这些村民知道了。
Answer:I didn’t realize then that the thing
taking place in America which is 10 thousand miles
away would be known by the villagers here so
soon.
2. 正是在国外生活的这三年使我学会了人与人之间相处的原则。
Answer:It took the three-year-experience of living
abroad for me to learn interpersonal
communication principles.
3.
我已经明白了正如在任何超市里一样，电脑里的一切都应该是系统化地安排的。
16
Answer:I have learned that in computer,
as in any super market, everything should be
systematically arranged.
4.
这家正被媒体热切讨论的公司正是我们的合作伙伴，
正如其他消费者一样，我们也会密切关注事态的
发展。
Answer:The
company that is hotly discussed in mass media is
our cooperator and we,
like many other
costumers, will closely see how things progress.
5. 当我们意识到自己的责任以后，我们应该做的就是勇敢地面对来自各方面的挑战。
Answer:When we have realized our
responsibility, what we should do is to confront
various
challenges.
状语从句的翻译 (Adverbial
Clauses)
英语的状语从句种类较多，为了符合汉语的表达习惯，翻译的时候应注意从句子语序
和词语的省略两
方面考虑。
语序：英语状语从句位置比较灵活，翻译时应根据汉语结构的需要，对语序作必要的调整。
省略：为了避免累赘，要注意汉语中常将从句的主语和连词省略。
例如：
语序 1) He always goes wherever he is in urgent
need.
哪里需要他，他就到哪里去。
2) She
passed the CET 4 because she had studied very
hard.
因为学习努力，所以她顺利地通过了英语4级。(如果强调结果，也可把从句译在后面)
3) Chongqing has undergone great changes since it
became a municipality.
自从成为直辖市以来，重庆发生了巨大的变化。
4) We would have
accomplished the task much easier if you had come
to help
us.
要是你来帮我们，完成这项任务本可以更容易些。
5) You shouldn’t have given up so early,
though you met with a lot of difficulty.
虽然有很多困难，你也不应该这么早就放弃。
17
省略
1) Please let me know in case you need my help.
( ) 如果需要帮助，请告知我。
2) As soon
as you get the order, you should set out
immediately.
( ) 一旦接到命令，你应该立即出发。
3) We might have a rest after we finish the
project.
( ) 完成这个项目，我们可以休息一下。
4) He didn’t come to class because he was
seriously injured in the football
match.
( ) 他在足球比赛中严重受伤，( ) 没来上课。
5) Rich as you
are, you shouldn’t look down upon the poor.
你虽然有钱，( ) 也不应该瞧不起穷人。
Unit 8
1.
无论我们遇到什么样的困难，我们都应该想办法克服它。(overcome)
2.
Answer:No matter what difficulties we come across,
we should try our best to
overcome them.
3. 2. 尊老爱幼是中华民族传统的美德。(traditional)
4.
Answer:Respecting the old and caring for the young
is a traditional Chinese virtue.
5. 3.
今天，各行各业的人都在努力提高自己的知识水平以便跟上时代的发展。(all
walks of
life)
18
6. Answer:Today, people
from all walks of life are trying to acquire more
knowledge to
keep pace with the development of
the times.
7. 4. 孩子们特别喜欢卡通片。(have a fancy for
take a fancy to)
8. Answer:Children have a
fancy for cartoons.
9. 5.
鉴于他们缺乏经验，这工作他们做得不错。(given that)
10.
Answer:Given that they are lacking in experience
inexperienced green hand, they
have done a
good job
1. 当她不得不在家庭与工作之间做出选择时，她陷入了两难境地。
Answer:She ran into a dilemma when she had to
make a choice between family and her
career.
2. 尽管我承认这些问题挺棘手，但我不相信他们无法解决。
Answer:But
while I admit that the problems are difficult, I
don't agree that they can't be
solved.
3.
由于他犯下了那样严重的罪行，受到严厉的处罚似乎是很自然的。
Answer:Since he
had committed such a serious crime, it seemed
natural that he should
be severely punished.
4. 如果你真的想给你老板留下深刻印象，你就应该有创造性的思维。
Answer:If
you really want to impress your boss, you should
have some original ideas.
5.
这一现象并不令人吃惊，考虑到他们为克服这些困难所做出的辛苦努力的话。
Answer:This
is not surprising, given that they have made
painstaking effort to overcome
the
difficulties.
长句的翻译 (Long Sentences)
19
翻译长句时应从语法上分析全句，通过语法分析，弄清长句中各部分之间
的语法关系，特别要弄清楚
哪个是主句，主句中的主语、谓语和宾语是什么以及整个句子的时间先后顺序
和逻辑关系，然后按照汉语
的特点和表达方式把句子译成若干短句，并安排好各短句之间的次序。
下面三种方法有助于我们译好长句。
1.顺译法： A partition
runs down the center of the heart, dividing it
into left and right sections
which work at the
same time but deal with two different types of
blood.
一道隔膜穿过心脏中间，把心脏分成左右两个部分，两个部分同时活动，但却处理两种类型的血液。
2.逆译法: What easier way is there for a nurse, a
policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose their
professional identity than to step out of
uniform?
对于护士、警察、理发师或是服务员来说，要使人们看不出他们的职业身份，还有
什么比脱下制服更容
易的方法呢?
3.分译法: But for many,
the fact that poor people are able to support
themselves almost as
well without government
aid as with it is in itself a huge victory.
但
在许多人看来，穷人能不靠政府救济养活自己，而且生活得几乎和依靠政府救济一样好，这本身就是
一个
巨大的胜利。 事实上，有些长句的翻译同时要用到两种或两种以上的方法，在翻译的过程中还需运用
增
词法、减词法和重复法等翻译技巧。若不善于使用这些翻译技巧，即使看懂了句子结构，表达起来也难
免
不够通顺。
20