英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解,练习进步,整理编辑版)
生活感悟名言-文明伴我成长
.
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题
一、句子成份
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语
不疑问词时）和
倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式
、动名词、名词化的形
容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
Country
music
has become more and more popular.（名词）
We
often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third
of the students in this
class are girls.（数词）
To swim
in the
river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking
does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich
should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English
test
has not been decided.（主语从句）
It
is necessary
to master a foreign
language
.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语： We study for the people.
2)复合谓语：
I can speak a little English. We are reading
books. He
has gone
to Beijing..
3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My
sister is a nurse.
Is it
yours
?（代词）
The weather has turned
cold
.（形容词）
The speech is
exciting.
（分词）
Three times seven is
twenty one
?（数词）
His job is
to teach English
.（不定式）
His
hobby（爱好）is
playing football
.（动名词）
The ruler
must be
in your box.（介词短语）
Time is
up
. The class is
over
.（副词）
The truth is
that he has never been
abroad
.（表语从句）
4、宾语:
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.
How
many dictionaries do you have? I have
five
.（数词）
They helped
the old
with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
It
began
to rain
.（不定式短语）
I enjoy
listening to popular music
.（动名词短语）
I
think（
that）he is fit for his office.
（宾语从句）
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：
We make him our monitor(班长).
5、宾补:
就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street
His father named him
David
.（名词）
They painted（涂漆） their boat
white
.（形容词）
Let the fresh（新鲜的） air
in
.（副词）
You mustn’t force him
to
lend his money to you.
（不定式短语）
We saw her
entering the room
.（现在分词）
We found
everything in the lab
in good order
.（介词短语）
6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student.
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike
in the roomover there is mine.
Guilin is a
beautiful
city.（形容词）
China is a
developing（发展中）
country; America is a
developed（发达）
country.（分词）
.
There are thirty
women
teachers is
our school.（名词）
His
progress（进步）in
English made us surprised.（代词）
Our
monitor（班长） is always the first
to enter the
classroom
.（不定式短语）
He is reading an
article(文章)
about how to learn
English
.（介词短语）
7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分
，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。
副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
He lives in London.
Light travels
most
quickly
.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the
city
for ten years
.（介词短语）
He is sorry
to trouble(麻烦) you
.（不定式短语）
He is in
the room
making a model plane.
（分词短语）
Once（一旦0 you begin
, you must
continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about
meeting again
at six
?（时间状语）
Last
night she didn’t go to the dance party
because
of the rain
.（原因状语）
I shall go there
if it doesn’t rain
.（条件状语）
Mr Smith
lives
on the third floor
.（地点状语）
She
put the eggs into the basket
with great
care
.（方式状语）
She came in
with a
dictionary in her hand
.（伴随状语）
In
order to catch up with the others
, I must work
harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired
that he
fell asleep immediately
.（结果状语）
She works
very hard
though she is old
.（让步状语）
I
am taller
than he is
.（比较状语）
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got
on the school bus.
2. He handed me the
newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question
after class.
4. His job is to train swimmers.
5. He took many photos of the palaces in
Beijing.
6. His wish is to become a scientist.
7. He wants to finish the work in time.
8.
Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.
9. He found
it important to master English.
10. Do you
have anything else to say?
11. Would you
please tell me your address?
12. He sat
there
,
reading a newspaper.
13. It is
our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.
15. The apples tasted sweet.
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基
本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。
换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五
个基本句式如下：
S十V主谓结构 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
S十V十P主系表结构 主语 ＋ 连系动词 ＋表语
S十V十O主谓宾结构
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C
主谓宾补结构
判断类型和句子成分：
She came．
She likes English. She is
happy．
The teacher asked me to read the
passage. She bought a book
for me.
.
She gave John a book．
My head aches.
She makes her mother angry．
The sun was shining. The moon rose.
They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。
Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
He is
growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 His face
turned red. 他的脸红了。
Who knows the answer?
谁知道答案？ He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
I want
to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。He bought you a
dictionary.
She ordered herself a new dress.
她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
She cooked her husband a
delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。
I showed him my
pictures. I gave my car a wash.
我洗了我的汽车。
He showed me how to run the machine.
他教我开机器。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这
样想？
The children are playing happily. The
Greens enjoy living in China.
He became a
famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。
The apple pie
tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。
基本句型一： S十V主谓结构
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear,
apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall,
happen, rise,
如：
学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________
基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得),
become(成为), turn(变得),
look(看起来), feel(感到),
smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)
A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear,
smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。
1) We
should __________ __________ any time.
我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。
2) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。________________
_________________________________.
B.
表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go,
come, prove,等等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is
______________________________. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
2) Don't have the food.
_______________________________.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。
基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构
1) 我昨天看了一部电影。___________
_____________________________________.
2）They
have ________ ________ _________ of the
children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。
基本句型四:
S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有： bring,
give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read,
sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order,
paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。
1）Yesterday her
father _______________ ________ _____ ____________
as a birthday present.
昨
天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
2) The old man ___
________ ____ __________ _________ in the Long
March. (正在给孩子们讲故事)
这种句型还可转换为： 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ for
to sb.
3) Please show me your picture.
==Please _________ ________ __________ _____
_____.
.
请把你的画给我看一下。
4) I _______ _______ the salt. = I _______the
salt _____ _____. 我把书递给他。
基本句型五: S十V十O十C
主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟
一个宾语还不能
表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）, choose（选）,
find（发现）,
make, name(命名)
1）Keep
________________________________, please.
请让孩子们安静下来。
2）They painted ______ ______
________. 他们把门漆成绿色。
3) We must ______
______ ________ ______. 我们必须保持我们的学校洁。
4)
He asked me _______ ________ ________ soon.
他要我早点回来。
5）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。______________________
________________________.
注意：动词have, make,
let, see, hear, notice, feel,
watch等后面接动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
6）The boss ________
_______ _________ all day. (迫使他劳动)
7) We saw
_____ ____ _____. (他出去)。
考点突破训练
1. I am
sorry to have kept you______ A to wait B
wait C waited D waiting
2. I felt somebody
______ me. A touch B touched C to
touch D touches
3. He taught me _____ speak
English. A how should B how C how can I
D how to
4. I shall make your dream ______.
A coming truly B come true C to come true D
comes true
5. He told _____ home.
A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to
not go
6. I think _____ a good habit to get
up early. A this B it C that D its
7.
Roses in bloom smell ______. A
sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness
8.
The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet
and cold
9. The apple tasted ____.
A.
sweets B. sweetly C. nicely
10. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A.
lately B. late C. latest
D. latter
11. ____ were all very tired, but
none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We,
us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We,
we
12. I think _____necessary（必要的） to learn
English well.
A. its
A. looks
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often
study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2.
The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past
seven in the morning and come back home at seven
in the
evening.
5. He is in Class One and
I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing
when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he
changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What
he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t
it?
B. it C. that D. that
is
B. is looked C. is being looked D. was
looked
13. The dog ____ mad（疯的）.
D. sweet
C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
.
9. The farmer is showing the boy
how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack
enjoy country music.
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got
on the school bus.
2. He handed me the
newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question
after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese
painting!
5. They went hunting together early
in the morning.
6. His job is to train
swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the
palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an
American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for
Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a
scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work
in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15.
To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18.
It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and
tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope
you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now
it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my
Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month
here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest,
so every day I
work from dawn until dark.
Sometimes we go on working after dark by the
lights of our tractors. We
grow rice in the
south of the States, but in the north where it is
colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of
machines on the farm. Although the farm is
large, my Dad has only two men working for him.
But he
employs more men for the harvest. My
brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It
doesn't often rain in
.
the summer
here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable
garden. Every evening we pump water from
a
well. It then runs along channels to different
parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most
Saturday evenings there is a party, even at
harvest time. These parties often make us very
happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside.
It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much
in my
opinion. Some of my friends drink beer.
I don't, because I have to drive home after the
party. In your
letter you asked about the time
in different areas of the States. There are five
different time areas in the
States. In my
state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.
How many different time areas do you
have in
China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep.
Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for
Beijing.
A. Now there the man B. The
man here now
C. The man who is here now D.
The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather
____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets
B. sweetly C. nicely
( ) 4. He got
up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately
B. late
( )5. The actor ______at
the age of 70.
A. dead B. died
C. dyed D. deaded
( )6. ____ were
all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to
take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C.
We, our D. We, we
C. latest D.
latter
D. sweet
C. not wet and cold D.
were wet and cold
( )7. He found the street
much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C.
crowded D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think
_____necessary to learn English well.
A. its
B. it C. that D. that is
(
) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks B. is
looked C. is being looked D. was looked
(
)10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined
the army.
A. that B. when C.
in which D. where
.
练习二
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study
Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The
boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3.
There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4.
My brother and I go to school at half past seven
in the morning and come back home at seven in the
evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in
Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he
was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his
mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at
the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9.
The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are
very well（ ）. I'm fine, but tired（ ）. Right now
it is the summer
）. It is the vacation and I'm
helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the
hottest month here（
time of year for the rice
harvest, so every day I work from dawn until
dark.（
on working after dark by the lights of
our tractors（
the north where it is colder
they grow wheat（
） Sometimes we go
）. We
grow rice in the south of the States, but in
）. ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（
Although the farm is large, my Dad has only
two men working for him（
men for the harvest（
in the summer here（
）. But he employs more
）. It doesn't often rain
）. Every evening
）. My brother takes care of the vegetable
garden（
）. As a result, we have to water the
vegetable garden（
we pump water from a well（
）.
）. It then runs along channels to
different parts of the garden（
Most Saturday
evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（
very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire
outside（
）. These parties often make
us
）. It's great（ ）!
Americans eat a lot
of meat — too much in my opinion（
）. Some
of my friends drink beer（
）. In your letter
you asked about the
）.
）. I don't,
because I have to drive home after the party（
time in different areas of the States（ ）.
There are five different time areas in the States（
In my state we are fourteen hours behind
Beijing time（
have in China（
）. How many
different time areas do you
）. Please give my
best regards to ）? Well, I must stop and get some
sleep（
.
your parents（
练习一：
）.
一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语
；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；
7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语
；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、
形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状
语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，
状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20
、表语
四、1~5 CBDBB 6~10 ACBAB
练习二：
一、1、简
单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复
合句；9
、简单句；10、简单句
二、
I hope you are very
well（复合句）. I'm fine, but tired（简单句）. Right now it
is the summer vacation
and I'm helping my Dad
on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month
here（简单句）. It is the time
of year for the rice
harvest, so every day I work from dawn until
dark.（并列句） Sometimes we go on
working after
dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）. We grow
rice in the south of the States, but in
the
north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）.
We have a lot of machines on the farm（简
单句）.
Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two
men working for him（复合句）. But he employs
more
men for the harvest（简单句）. My brother takes care of
the vegetable garden（简单句）. It doesn't
often
rain in the summer here（简单句）. As a result, we have
to water the vegetable garden（简单句）.
Every
evening we pump water from a well（简单句）. It then
runs along channels to different parts of the
garden（简单句）.
Most Saturday evenings there
is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）. These
parties often make us
very happy（简单句）. We cook
meat on an open fire outside（简单句）. It's great（
简单句）!
Americans eat a lot of meat — too much
in my opinion（简单句）. Some of my friends drink
beer（简单
句）. I don't, because I have to drive
home after the party（复合句）. In your letter you
asked about the
time in different areas of the
States（简单句）. There are five different time areas
in the States（简单句）.
In my state we are
fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句）. How many
different time areas do you
have in
China（简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some
sleep（简单句）. Please give my best regards
to
your parents（简单句）.
.
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题
一、句子成份
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语
不疑问词时）和
倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式
、动名词、名词化的形
容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
Country
music
has become more and more popular.（名词）
We
often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third
of the students in this
class are girls.（数词）
To swim
in the
river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking
does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich
should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English
test
has not been decided.（主语从句）
It
is necessary
to master a foreign
language
.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语： We study for the people.
2)复合谓语：
I can speak a little English. We are reading
books. He
has gone
to Beijing..
3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My
sister is a nurse.
Is it
yours
?（代词）
The weather has turned
cold
.（形容词）
The speech is
exciting.
（分词）
Three times seven is
twenty one
?（数词）
His job is
to teach English
.（不定式）
His
hobby（爱好）is
playing football
.（动名词）
The ruler
must be
in your box.（介词短语）
Time is
up
. The class is
over
.（副词）
The truth is
that he has never been
abroad
.（表语从句）
4、宾语:
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.
How
many dictionaries do you have? I have
five
.（数词）
They helped
the old
with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
It
began
to rain
.（不定式短语）
I enjoy
listening to popular music
.（动名词短语）
I
think（
that）he is fit for his office.
（宾语从句）
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：
We make him our monitor(班长).
5、宾补:
就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street
His father named him
David
.（名词）
They painted（涂漆） their boat
white
.（形容词）
Let the fresh（新鲜的） air
in
.（副词）
You mustn’t force him
to
lend his money to you.
（不定式短语）
We saw her
entering the room
.（现在分词）
We found
everything in the lab
in good order
.（介词短语）
6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student.
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike
in the roomover there is mine.
Guilin is a
beautiful
city.（形容词）
China is a
developing（发展中）
country; America is a
developed（发达）
country.（分词）
.
There are thirty
women
teachers is
our school.（名词）
His
progress（进步）in
English made us surprised.（代词）
Our
monitor（班长） is always the first
to enter the
classroom
.（不定式短语）
He is reading an
article(文章)
about how to learn
English
.（介词短语）
7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分
，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。
副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
He lives in London.
Light travels
most
quickly
.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the
city
for ten years
.（介词短语）
He is sorry
to trouble(麻烦) you
.（不定式短语）
He is in
the room
making a model plane.
（分词短语）
Once（一旦0 you begin
, you must
continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about
meeting again
at six
?（时间状语）
Last
night she didn’t go to the dance party
because
of the rain
.（原因状语）
I shall go there
if it doesn’t rain
.（条件状语）
Mr Smith
lives
on the third floor
.（地点状语）
She
put the eggs into the basket
with great
care
.（方式状语）
She came in
with a
dictionary in her hand
.（伴随状语）
In
order to catch up with the others
, I must work
harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired
that he
fell asleep immediately
.（结果状语）
She works
very hard
though she is old
.（让步状语）
I
am taller
than he is
.（比较状语）
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got
on the school bus.
2. He handed me the
newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question
after class.
4. His job is to train swimmers.
5. He took many photos of the palaces in
Beijing.
6. His wish is to become a scientist.
7. He wants to finish the work in time.
8.
Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.
9. He found
it important to master English.
10. Do you
have anything else to say?
11. Would you
please tell me your address?
12. He sat
there
,
reading a newspaper.
13. It is
our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.
15. The apples tasted sweet.
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基
本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。
换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五
个基本句式如下：
S十V主谓结构 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
S十V十P主系表结构 主语 ＋ 连系动词 ＋表语
S十V十O主谓宾结构
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C
主谓宾补结构
判断类型和句子成分：
She came．
She likes English. She is
happy．
The teacher asked me to read the
passage. She bought a book
for me.
.
She gave John a book．
My head aches.
She makes her mother angry．
The sun was shining. The moon rose.
They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。
Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
He is
growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 His face
turned red. 他的脸红了。
Who knows the answer?
谁知道答案？ He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
I want
to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。He bought you a
dictionary.
She ordered herself a new dress.
她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
She cooked her husband a
delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。
I showed him my
pictures. I gave my car a wash.
我洗了我的汽车。
He showed me how to run the machine.
他教我开机器。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这
样想？
The children are playing happily. The
Greens enjoy living in China.
He became a
famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。
The apple pie
tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。
基本句型一： S十V主谓结构
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear,
apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall,
happen, rise,
如：
学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________
基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得),
become(成为), turn(变得),
look(看起来), feel(感到),
smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)
A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear,
smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。
1) We
should __________ __________ any time.
我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。
2) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。________________
_________________________________.
B.
表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go,
come, prove,等等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is
______________________________. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
2) Don't have the food.
_______________________________.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。
基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构
1) 我昨天看了一部电影。___________
_____________________________________.
2）They
have ________ ________ _________ of the
children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。
基本句型四:
S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有： bring,
give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read,
sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order,
paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。
1）Yesterday her
father _______________ ________ _____ ____________
as a birthday present.
昨
天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
2) The old man ___
________ ____ __________ _________ in the Long
March. (正在给孩子们讲故事)
这种句型还可转换为： 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ for
to sb.
3) Please show me your picture.
==Please _________ ________ __________ _____
_____.
.
请把你的画给我看一下。
4) I _______ _______ the salt. = I _______the
salt _____ _____. 我把书递给他。
基本句型五: S十V十O十C
主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟
一个宾语还不能
表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）, choose（选）,
find（发现）,
make, name(命名)
1）Keep
________________________________, please.
请让孩子们安静下来。
2）They painted ______ ______
________. 他们把门漆成绿色。
3) We must ______
______ ________ ______. 我们必须保持我们的学校洁。
4)
He asked me _______ ________ ________ soon.
他要我早点回来。
5）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。______________________
________________________.
注意：动词have, make,
let, see, hear, notice, feel,
watch等后面接动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
6）The boss ________
_______ _________ all day. (迫使他劳动)
7) We saw
_____ ____ _____. (他出去)。
考点突破训练
1. I am
sorry to have kept you______ A to wait B
wait C waited D waiting
2. I felt somebody
______ me. A touch B touched C to
touch D touches
3. He taught me _____ speak
English. A how should B how C how can I
D how to
4. I shall make your dream ______.
A coming truly B come true C to come true D
comes true
5. He told _____ home.
A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to
not go
6. I think _____ a good habit to get
up early. A this B it C that D its
7.
Roses in bloom smell ______. A
sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness
8.
The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet
and cold
9. The apple tasted ____.
A.
sweets B. sweetly C. nicely
10. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A.
lately B. late C. latest
D. latter
11. ____ were all very tired, but
none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We,
us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We,
we
12. I think _____necessary（必要的） to learn
English well.
A. its
A. looks
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often
study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2.
The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past
seven in the morning and come back home at seven
in the
evening.
5. He is in Class One and
I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing
when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he
changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What
he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t
it?
B. it C. that D. that
is
B. is looked C. is being looked D. was
looked
13. The dog ____ mad（疯的）.
D. sweet
C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
.
9. The farmer is showing the boy
how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack
enjoy country music.
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got
on the school bus.
2. He handed me the
newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question
after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese
painting!
5. They went hunting together early
in the morning.
6. His job is to train
swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the
palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an
American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for
Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a
scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work
in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15.
To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18.
It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and
tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope
you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now
it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my
Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month
here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest,
so every day I
work from dawn until dark.
Sometimes we go on working after dark by the
lights of our tractors. We
grow rice in the
south of the States, but in the north where it is
colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of
machines on the farm. Although the farm is
large, my Dad has only two men working for him.
But he
employs more men for the harvest. My
brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It
doesn't often rain in
.
the summer
here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable
garden. Every evening we pump water from
a
well. It then runs along channels to different
parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most
Saturday evenings there is a party, even at
harvest time. These parties often make us very
happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside.
It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much
in my
opinion. Some of my friends drink beer.
I don't, because I have to drive home after the
party. In your
letter you asked about the time
in different areas of the States. There are five
different time areas in the
States. In my
state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.
How many different time areas do you
have in
China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep.
Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for
Beijing.
A. Now there the man B. The
man here now
C. The man who is here now D.
The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather
____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets
B. sweetly C. nicely
( ) 4. He got
up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately
B. late
( )5. The actor ______at
the age of 70.
A. dead B. died
C. dyed D. deaded
( )6. ____ were
all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to
take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C.
We, our D. We, we
C. latest D.
latter
D. sweet
C. not wet and cold D.
were wet and cold
( )7. He found the street
much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C.
crowded D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think
_____necessary to learn English well.
A. its
B. it C. that D. that is
(
) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks B. is
looked C. is being looked D. was looked
(
)10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined
the army.
A. that B. when C.
in which D. where
.
练习二
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study
Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The
boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3.
There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4.
My brother and I go to school at half past seven
in the morning and come back home at seven in the
evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in
Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he
was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his
mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at
the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9.
The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are
very well（ ）. I'm fine, but tired（ ）. Right now
it is the summer
）. It is the vacation and I'm
helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the
hottest month here（
time of year for the rice
harvest, so every day I work from dawn until
dark.（
on working after dark by the lights of
our tractors（
the north where it is colder
they grow wheat（
） Sometimes we go
）. We
grow rice in the south of the States, but in
）. ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（
Although the farm is large, my Dad has only
two men working for him（
men for the harvest（
in the summer here（
）. But he employs more
）. It doesn't often rain
）. Every evening
）. My brother takes care of the vegetable
garden（
）. As a result, we have to water the
vegetable garden（
we pump water from a well（
）.
）. It then runs along channels to
different parts of the garden（
Most Saturday
evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（
very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire
outside（
）. These parties often make
us
）. It's great（ ）!
Americans eat a lot
of meat — too much in my opinion（
）. Some
of my friends drink beer（
）. In your letter
you asked about the
）.
）. I don't,
because I have to drive home after the party（
time in different areas of the States（ ）.
There are five different time areas in the States（
In my state we are fourteen hours behind
Beijing time（
have in China（
）. How many
different time areas do you
）. Please give my
best regards to ）? Well, I must stop and get some
sleep（
.
your parents（
练习一：
）.
一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语
；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；
7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语
；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、
形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状
语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，
状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20
、表语
四、1~5 CBDBB 6~10 ACBAB
练习二：
一、1、简
单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复
合句；9
、简单句；10、简单句
二、
I hope you are very
well（复合句）. I'm fine, but tired（简单句）. Right now it
is the summer vacation
and I'm helping my Dad
on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month
here（简单句）. It is the time
of year for the rice
harvest, so every day I work from dawn until
dark.（并列句） Sometimes we go on
working after
dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）. We grow
rice in the south of the States, but in
the
north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）.
We have a lot of machines on the farm（简
单句）.
Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two
men working for him（复合句）. But he employs
more
men for the harvest（简单句）. My brother takes care of
the vegetable garden（简单句）. It doesn't
often
rain in the summer here（简单句）. As a result, we have
to water the vegetable garden（简单句）.
Every
evening we pump water from a well（简单句）. It then
runs along channels to different parts of the
garden（简单句）.
Most Saturday evenings there
is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）. These
parties often make us
very happy（简单句）. We cook
meat on an open fire outside（简单句）. It's great（
简单句）!
Americans eat a lot of meat — too much
in my opinion（简单句）. Some of my friends drink
beer（简单
句）. I don't, because I have to drive
home after the party（复合句）. In your letter you
asked about the
time in different areas of the
States（简单句）. There are five different time areas
in the States（简单句）.
In my state we are
fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句）. How many
different time areas do you
have in
China（简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some
sleep（简单句）. Please give my best regards
to
your parents（简单句）.