内蒙古风景英文介绍
关于书的格言-学法用法心得体会
在内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗达尔罕境内的达来诺
尔湖西畔，有一处曾经繁华过
的草原都市，那就是元
朝最后的都城———应昌路遗址。残阳照耀下的古老
的城垣，清晰可辨的
层层夯土犹如历史的年轮，叠压
着蒙古帝国最后走向灭亡的沧桑。
In the
western side of Dalai Noel Lake within Hexigten
Abraham, Chi Feng, Inner Mongolia lies a
prairie city of once
prosperity---relics of
City of Ying Chang, the last capital of
Yuan
Dynasty. Embraced by the twilight, the observable
stratums of rammed earth of the ancient city
are just like the
aging circle of history,
piling up the destination of the
Mongolian
Empire’s domed extinction.
古城的东、西、北三面为群山环抱，好来河
由西向
东注入达里诺尔湖。应昌路古城的东北就是金朝的界
壕边堡，亦被当地的牧民称之为成吉
思汗边墙。周围
的山峦属于阴山山脉的东麓和大兴安岭南麓山脉的结
合部，可谓山峦起伏，且在
山地之间多湖泊与山地草
原。应昌路古城所处的地理形势，犹如簸箕型，其开
口南面向好来河方
向为山地松林地带，古称松漠之地
或称平地松林。唐朝曾经于此地建有“松漠都督府”，
辽朝属
于上京道饶乐州辖境，金朝隶属于北京路的全
州管辖。达里诺尔又称鱼儿泊，曾经是匈奴
的左地和
东胡族行使拜天祭山的“足带林”之地。辽、金、元三
朝皇帝亦经常行猎于此，并修建
有行宫之所。
The city is surrounded by mountains in
the east, west
and north side, with the Haolai
River flowing into the
Dalai Noel Lake from
west to east. The northerneast of the city
of
Ying Chang stands the border fortress of Jin
Dynasty, which
is named The Fortress of
Genghis Khan by the local herdsmen.
The
mountains around are combinations of eastern
piedmont of
Yin Mountain and southern piedmont
of the Great Khingan,
forming a mountainous
landscape with many lakes and
meadows. The
location of the city of Ying Chang is similar to a
huge dustpan whose “mouth” in south flows the
Haolai River,
where grows a land of mountain
pines which was once called
the land of pines
or pines on the ground. In Tang Dynasty, this
place was the prefecture of “Military of
Pines” while in Liao
Dynasty, it was
administrated by Shangjing, however, it was
governed by Beijing Road of Quan county
during Jin Dynasty.
Fishpond is another name
of Dalai Noel which was once the
woodland
where Zuodi of Huns people and Donghu nation
perform the worships of mountains and heaven.
Emperors of
Liao Dynasty, Jin Dynasty
and Yuan Dynasty usually hunted
here and they
all built their residences.
元代的应昌路又名鲁王城，是元
朝塞北的三大名城
之一，也是由元大都经元上都通往岭北行省的重要通
道，又称“帖里干东道”
。这条古道的起点站是元大都
（今北京市），经元上都（今内蒙古正蓝旗昭乃门苏
木），向北到
达应昌路，再向西北至克鲁伦河上游，
转而西行到达鄂尔浑河上游的和林地区，即元世祖忽
必烈
以前的“大蒙古国”的政治统治中心，漠北的哈喇
和林古城。有趣的是应昌路与元上都、元大都同处在<
br>南北一条垂直线上，这种设计显然具有深刻和久远的
考虑。忽必烈于至元8年（1271年）设置
应昌府，不
久又升为应昌路。应昌路古城当修建于元朝的至元8
年，即公元1271年前后。
Another name of the city of Ying Chang in Yuan
Dynasty
was Luwang city, one of the three
famous northern cities at that
time. It stood
by a vital fortress, namely post dry host,
connecting Xanadu from Khanbaliq to the north
provinces. The
starting point of this ancient
road was Khanbaliq( present
Beijing) and went
through Xanadu( present Zhaonaimensumu of
Blue
Flag, Inner Mongolia) to the north and reached the
city of
Ying Chang. Then continued in northern
west to the Kerulen
River upstream and
turned west to the Helin ancient city at
Orkhon River upstream, which was the political
pivot of the
Great Empire of Mongolia
established by Kublai Khan of Yuan
Dynasty.
Interestingly, the city of Ying Chang located at a
vertical line with Xanadu and Khanbaliq, which
was apparently
a meticulous design for long-
term. Kublai Khan established the
administration of Ying Chang in Zhiyuan 8
years ( 1271 A.D.)
and upgraded it as the city
of Ying Chang which was built
around then.
元朝初年，应昌路附近便被封为蒙古翁吉拉惕部的
游牧地，并将跟随大汗屡立战功的特薛禅的后
裔封为
鲁王，自此以后应昌路也就成为了弘吉剌部的世居之
地。所谓的鲁王是至元27年（公元
1290年），弘吉
剌部的蛮子台被世袭为万户侯济宁王，继而又进封为
鲁王而得名。此后弘吉
剌部人凡被袭封为万户者皆加
封或进封为鲁王，所以应昌路又有鲁王城之称。而“济
宁王”之号
，则是元太祖铁木真赐封给弘吉剌部特薛禅
之子按陈的封号。弘吉剌部特薛禅是成吉思汗的岳父，
成吉思汗的大皇后勃儿帖就是弘吉剌部的女儿，据说，
太宗窝阔台一纸“弘吉剌部生女以为后，生男世
尚公
主……”的圣谕，使得这个部落在终元之世，蕴育出
18位皇后、16位驸
马，这在中国历史乃至世界历史上
也都是空前绝后的。
The area nearby
the city of Ying Chang was granted as the
nomadic zone of Ongelashie tribe of Mongolia
and the
descendant of Trevor Xue Chan who had
repeatedly achieved
feat with the
hyperhidrosis
was titled as the king of
Lu. From
then on, the city of Ying Chang
became the residence of
Hongerlab tribe from
generation to generation. The so called
king
of Lu was originated from the Manzitai of
Hongerlab tribe,
the hereditary king of
Jining, and was titled as the king of Lu.
Afterwards, anyone of Hongerlab tribe
inherited the high status
would be further
granted as the king of Lu. The city of Ying
Chang, therefore, was also called the city of
King of Lu. As for
the “king of Jining”, it
was the title bestowed to the Trevor Xue
Chan’s son An Chen of Hongerlab tribe by
Temujin, the founder
of Yuan Dynasty. As
Genghis Khan was the son-in-law of
Trevor Xue
Chan, his first queen Bortie was the daughter of
Hongerlab tribe. It was said that Ogodei’s
imperial edict ruled
“Any female born in
Hongerlab tribe shall be chosen as the
queen
and male the emperor’s son-in-law.”, generating 18
queens and 16 emperor’s son-in-law from this
tribe in the whole
period of Yuan
Dynasty, which was unprecedented in Chinese
and even global history.
公元1368元，朱元璋
率领的明军攻占元大都，元
朝宣告灭亡。元顺帝妥懽帖睦尔则率领元朝的残部北
逃至元上都，后
来又向北遁至应昌路，并开始调集岭
北等地的元军以应昌路为中心，在应昌路东、西、南
三面的
察罕脑尔、骆驼山、开平一线布阵迎击明军，
有效地阻止了明朝军队的北进，为元朝的残存力量的
积聚赢得了喘息时间。面对着貌似固若金汤的草原孤
城，妥懽帖睦尔放松了应有的警惕，恶习大作，于
是
在应昌城内大兴土木，修筑离宫，建造巨型龙舟，创
淫乐之舞，以达里诺尔湖为天然屏障，终
日沉浸在花
天酒地、歌舞升平之中。据记载，元末著名的“十六天
魔舞”就是由妥懽帖睦尔在这
个时候创作出来的。人的
精力是有限的，1370年春，在一个桃花艳艳的季节，
这个将蒙元帝
国推向深渊的末代君王终于因患杂症一
命呜乎了，时年仅仅51岁。在他死后的20多年里，
应
昌路在朱明王朝一次又一次的洗劫下，一个曾经威
震北疆草原的壮丽宫城千疮百孔。
The army led by Zhu Yuanzhang captured the
Khanbaliq in 1368 A.D., sending Yuan Dynasty
to
extinction. The emperor of Shun Toqutiemor,
however,
fled to Xanadu with his
military remnants and then
continued toward
north to the city of Ying Chang, in
which
place he began to gather his army dispersing
around the north. He deployed his final
resistance against
the army of Ming Dynasty
along with the line of Chanor,
Mountain of
Camel and Kai Ping relatively located in the
east, west and south of the city of Ying
Chang, which
effectively hampered the Ming’s
march toward north and
wined a gasp for
restoring armed forces. Toqutiemor
loosened
the precaution supposed to have in the seemed
invulnerable city on the prairie, throwing
tons of
resources and energies in building
palaces and giant
ships. He also created
“Dance of Sixteen Gods”, a kind
of lewd dance
prevailed during the last years of Yuan
Dynasty, immersed himself into the luxurious
feasts and
endless merry, fearing nothing with
the natural barricade
of Dali Noel Lake.
However, the last king who pushed
this empire
to extinction died of disease at 51 due to
excessively consumed energy in a peach
blossoming
spring, 1370 A.D. The city of Ying
Chang, the place
once of prosperity and
dominance of northern prairie was
tumbled down
by the repeated ransacks of Ming
Dynasty’s army within two decades after
Toqutiemor’s
death.
这座城市虽说远在塞外，却也有着中原的元素
，因
为这里也有儒学、文庙。当初这里也是一座繁华的城
市，只可惜这里最终却逃不过一场浩劫
。明军后来攻
占应昌，由于无人约束，在城内大肆烧杀抢掠，等到
主将李文忠从前线回到此地时
，城里已是熊熊大火，
地上满是尸体，已无马下蹄的地方。此后永乐时期，
这里被改为清平镇，
之后毁于战火，废去。
抚今追昔，悠悠的历史带给我们无尽的感慨，今天
的应昌路古城遗址无
语，可遗存的塔、寺、墓葬区及
断壁残垣还在诉说着当年的故事。
Due to the
prevalence of Confucianism and Confucian
Temple, the Chinese characteristic is
observable in this
city located beyond the
northern frontier. Once upon a
time, the city
of Ying Chang was the symbol of
prosperity,
but a catastrophe was unfortunately doomed.
The city was occupied by savage army of Ming
Dynasty
who had done burning and looting. When
their general Li
Wenzhong came back from the
frontline, the city was
overwhelmed by fire,
covered with corpses, leaving no
room
for standing. Afterwards, this place was renamed
as
the Qingping county during Yongle period,
destroyed by
war and disappeared.
Then or
now, history makes us sign with emotion.
Though today’s city of Ying Chang stands
silently, its
relics of temples and walls is
recounting stories at that
time.
在内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗达尔罕境内的达来诺
尔湖西畔，有一处曾
经繁华过的草原都市，那就是元
朝最后的都城———应昌路遗址。残阳照耀下的古老
的城垣，清
晰可辨的层层夯土犹如历史的年轮，叠压
着蒙古帝国最后走向灭亡的沧桑。
In the
western side of Dalai Noel Lake within Hexigten
Abraham, Chi Feng, Inner Mongolia lies a
prairie city of once
prosperity---relics of
City of Ying Chang, the last capital of
Yuan
Dynasty. Embraced by the twilight, the observable
stratums of rammed earth of the ancient city
are just like the
aging circle of history,
piling up the destination of the
Mongolian
Empire’s domed extinction.
古城的东、西、北三面为群山环抱，好来河
由西向
东注入达里诺尔湖。应昌路古城的东北就是金朝的界
壕边堡，亦被当地的牧民称之为成吉
思汗边墙。周围
的山峦属于阴山山脉的东麓和大兴安岭南麓山脉的结
合部，可谓山峦起伏，且在
山地之间多湖泊与山地草
原。应昌路古城所处的地理形势，犹如簸箕型，其开
口南面向好来河方
向为山地松林地带，古称松漠之地
或称平地松林。唐朝曾经于此地建有“松漠都督府”，
辽朝属
于上京道饶乐州辖境，金朝隶属于北京路的全
州管辖。达里诺尔又称鱼儿泊，曾经是匈奴
的左地和
东胡族行使拜天祭山的“足带林”之地。辽、金、元三
朝皇帝亦经常行猎于此，并修建
有行宫之所。
The city is surrounded by mountains in
the east, west
and north side, with the Haolai
River flowing into the
Dalai Noel Lake from
west to east. The northerneast of the city
of
Ying Chang stands the border fortress of Jin
Dynasty, which
is named The Fortress of
Genghis Khan by the local herdsmen.
The
mountains around are combinations of eastern
piedmont of
Yin Mountain and southern piedmont
of the Great Khingan,
forming a mountainous
landscape with many lakes and
meadows. The
location of the city of Ying Chang is similar to a
huge dustpan whose “mouth” in south flows the
Haolai River,
where grows a land of mountain
pines which was once called
the land of pines
or pines on the ground. In Tang Dynasty, this
place was the prefecture of “Military of
Pines” while in Liao
Dynasty, it was
administrated by Shangjing, however, it was
governed by Beijing Road of Quan county
during Jin Dynasty.
Fishpond is another name
of Dalai Noel which was once the
woodland
where Zuodi of Huns people and Donghu nation
perform the worships of mountains and heaven.
Emperors of
Liao Dynasty, Jin Dynasty
and Yuan Dynasty usually hunted
here and they
all built their residences.
元代的应昌路又名鲁王城，是元
朝塞北的三大名城
之一，也是由元大都经元上都通往岭北行省的重要通
道，又称“帖里干东道”
。这条古道的起点站是元大都
（今北京市），经元上都（今内蒙古正蓝旗昭乃门苏
木），向北到
达应昌路，再向西北至克鲁伦河上游，
转而西行到达鄂尔浑河上游的和林地区，即元世祖忽
必烈
以前的“大蒙古国”的政治统治中心，漠北的哈喇
和林古城。有趣的是应昌路与元上都、元大都同处在<
br>南北一条垂直线上，这种设计显然具有深刻和久远的
考虑。忽必烈于至元8年（1271年）设置
应昌府，不
久又升为应昌路。应昌路古城当修建于元朝的至元8
年，即公元1271年前后。
Another name of the city of Ying Chang in Yuan
Dynasty
was Luwang city, one of the three
famous northern cities at that
time. It stood
by a vital fortress, namely post dry host,
connecting Xanadu from Khanbaliq to the north
provinces. The
starting point of this ancient
road was Khanbaliq( present
Beijing) and went
through Xanadu( present Zhaonaimensumu of
Blue
Flag, Inner Mongolia) to the north and reached the
city of
Ying Chang. Then continued in northern
west to the Kerulen
River upstream and
turned west to the Helin ancient city at
Orkhon River upstream, which was the political
pivot of the
Great Empire of Mongolia
established by Kublai Khan of Yuan
Dynasty.
Interestingly, the city of Ying Chang located at a
vertical line with Xanadu and Khanbaliq, which
was apparently
a meticulous design for long-
term. Kublai Khan established the
administration of Ying Chang in Zhiyuan 8
years ( 1271 A.D.)
and upgraded it as the city
of Ying Chang which was built
around then.
元朝初年，应昌路附近便被封为蒙古翁吉拉惕部的
游牧地，并将跟随大汗屡立战功的特薛禅的后
裔封为
鲁王，自此以后应昌路也就成为了弘吉剌部的世居之
地。所谓的鲁王是至元27年（公元
1290年），弘吉
剌部的蛮子台被世袭为万户侯济宁王，继而又进封为
鲁王而得名。此后弘吉
剌部人凡被袭封为万户者皆加
封或进封为鲁王，所以应昌路又有鲁王城之称。而“济
宁王”之号
，则是元太祖铁木真赐封给弘吉剌部特薛禅
之子按陈的封号。弘吉剌部特薛禅是成吉思汗的岳父，
成吉思汗的大皇后勃儿帖就是弘吉剌部的女儿，据说，
太宗窝阔台一纸“弘吉剌部生女以为后，生男世
尚公
主……”的圣谕，使得这个部落在终元之世，蕴育出
18位皇后、16位驸
马，这在中国历史乃至世界历史上
也都是空前绝后的。
The area nearby
the city of Ying Chang was granted as the
nomadic zone of Ongelashie tribe of Mongolia
and the
descendant of Trevor Xue Chan who had
repeatedly achieved
feat with the
hyperhidrosis
was titled as the king of
Lu. From
then on, the city of Ying Chang
became the residence of
Hongerlab tribe from
generation to generation. The so called
king
of Lu was originated from the Manzitai of
Hongerlab tribe,
the hereditary king of
Jining, and was titled as the king of Lu.
Afterwards, anyone of Hongerlab tribe
inherited the high status
would be further
granted as the king of Lu. The city of Ying
Chang, therefore, was also called the city of
King of Lu. As for
the “king of Jining”, it
was the title bestowed to the Trevor Xue
Chan’s son An Chen of Hongerlab tribe by
Temujin, the founder
of Yuan Dynasty. As
Genghis Khan was the son-in-law of
Trevor Xue
Chan, his first queen Bortie was the daughter of
Hongerlab tribe. It was said that Ogodei’s
imperial edict ruled
“Any female born in
Hongerlab tribe shall be chosen as the
queen
and male the emperor’s son-in-law.”, generating 18
queens and 16 emperor’s son-in-law from this
tribe in the whole
period of Yuan
Dynasty, which was unprecedented in Chinese
and even global history.
公元1368元，朱元璋
率领的明军攻占元大都，元
朝宣告灭亡。元顺帝妥懽帖睦尔则率领元朝的残部北
逃至元上都，后
来又向北遁至应昌路，并开始调集岭
北等地的元军以应昌路为中心，在应昌路东、西、南
三面的
察罕脑尔、骆驼山、开平一线布阵迎击明军，
有效地阻止了明朝军队的北进，为元朝的残存力量的
积聚赢得了喘息时间。面对着貌似固若金汤的草原孤
城，妥懽帖睦尔放松了应有的警惕，恶习大作，于
是
在应昌城内大兴土木，修筑离宫，建造巨型龙舟，创
淫乐之舞，以达里诺尔湖为天然屏障，终
日沉浸在花
天酒地、歌舞升平之中。据记载，元末著名的“十六天
魔舞”就是由妥懽帖睦尔在这
个时候创作出来的。人的
精力是有限的，1370年春，在一个桃花艳艳的季节，
这个将蒙元帝
国推向深渊的末代君王终于因患杂症一
命呜乎了，时年仅仅51岁。在他死后的20多年里，
应
昌路在朱明王朝一次又一次的洗劫下，一个曾经威
震北疆草原的壮丽宫城千疮百孔。
The army led by Zhu Yuanzhang captured the
Khanbaliq in 1368 A.D., sending Yuan Dynasty
to
extinction. The emperor of Shun Toqutiemor,
however,
fled to Xanadu with his
military remnants and then
continued toward
north to the city of Ying Chang, in
which
place he began to gather his army dispersing
around the north. He deployed his final
resistance against
the army of Ming Dynasty
along with the line of Chanor,
Mountain of
Camel and Kai Ping relatively located in the
east, west and south of the city of Ying
Chang, which
effectively hampered the Ming’s
march toward north and
wined a gasp for
restoring armed forces. Toqutiemor
loosened
the precaution supposed to have in the seemed
invulnerable city on the prairie, throwing
tons of
resources and energies in building
palaces and giant
ships. He also created
“Dance of Sixteen Gods”, a kind
of lewd dance
prevailed during the last years of Yuan
Dynasty, immersed himself into the luxurious
feasts and
endless merry, fearing nothing with
the natural barricade
of Dali Noel Lake.
However, the last king who pushed
this empire
to extinction died of disease at 51 due to
excessively consumed energy in a peach
blossoming
spring, 1370 A.D. The city of Ying
Chang, the place
once of prosperity and
dominance of northern prairie was
tumbled down
by the repeated ransacks of Ming
Dynasty’s army within two decades after
Toqutiemor’s
death.
这座城市虽说远在塞外，却也有着中原的元素
，因
为这里也有儒学、文庙。当初这里也是一座繁华的城
市，只可惜这里最终却逃不过一场浩劫
。明军后来攻
占应昌，由于无人约束，在城内大肆烧杀抢掠，等到
主将李文忠从前线回到此地时
，城里已是熊熊大火，
地上满是尸体，已无马下蹄的地方。此后永乐时期，
这里被改为清平镇，
之后毁于战火，废去。
抚今追昔，悠悠的历史带给我们无尽的感慨，今天
的应昌路古城遗址无
语，可遗存的塔、寺、墓葬区及
断壁残垣还在诉说着当年的故事。
Due to the
prevalence of Confucianism and Confucian
Temple, the Chinese characteristic is
observable in this
city located beyond the
northern frontier. Once upon a
time, the city
of Ying Chang was the symbol of
prosperity,
but a catastrophe was unfortunately doomed.
The city was occupied by savage army of Ming
Dynasty
who had done burning and looting. When
their general Li
Wenzhong came back from the
frontline, the city was
overwhelmed by fire,
covered with corpses, leaving no
room
for standing. Afterwards, this place was renamed
as
the Qingping county during Yongle period,
destroyed by
war and disappeared.
Then or
now, history makes us sign with emotion.
Though today’s city of Ying Chang stands
silently, its
relics of temples and walls is
recounting stories at that
time.