英语 cost spend take的用法
初三化学复习资料-入党动机
cost,spend与take均可表示“花费”,
区别
如下:
1、从所用主语来看:
cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语
it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能
是人,不能是事或物;take
的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。
如:
The
computer cost (me) $$2 000. 这部电脑花了(我) 2 000 美元。
It costs (me) $$1 000 a year to run a car.
使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。
I have spent all day
looking for you. 我花了 1 整天找你。
It took me an
hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了 1 个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注:若 cost
不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也
可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every
year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费
政府不少钱。
2、从所接宾语来看:
cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend
的宾语则可以是
时间或钱。如:
How much did it cost to
build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
It took her
two hours to walk to the station. 步行去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books.
他花了很多时间读(很多钱买)书。
注:cost
有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的
时间)。如:
Making experiments like this
costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花
很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take
的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的
现象已很普遍。如:
It
takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
3. 从句型结构来看:
(1) 三者的通常句型为:
sth
costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb)
money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time
(money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time
(money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it
takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time
(money) for sb to do sth 做某
事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(2) 用于以上意义时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take
通常不用于被动语态,
而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:
误:Thirty
dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours
was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was
spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
4.
在
比喻
用法中:
(1) cost
指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:
Careless driving
will cost your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。
Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing.
给他打个电话,这不费什么事。
(2) spend 表示“消耗”、“用完”。如:
I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me.
他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
(3) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:
It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。
It takes
two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took
three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
1、spend 花费(时间、金钱)
2、take 花费、占用(时间)
3、pay (多与for连用) pay for 为„„付款
4、cost 价值
1、 Sb. spend + timemoney + on sth.
(某人花费„„[多少钱多少时间]在某物
上)
Sb. spend +
timemoney + (in) doing sth. (某人花费„„[多用时间]来做某
事)
2、 句型:It takes sb. + time + to do sth.
(做某事花费某人„„[用时间])
3、 Sb. pay for
sth. (某人为某物付款)
Sb. pay + money + for sth.
(某人为某物付„„[多少钱])
4、 Sth.
cost sb. + money. (某物花费某人„„[多少钱])
Sth. cost +
money. (某物价值„„[多少钱])
cost,spend与take均可表示“花费”,
区别
如下:
1、从所用主语来看:
cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语
it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能
是人,不能是事或物;take
的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。
如:
The
computer cost (me) $$2 000. 这部电脑花了(我) 2 000 美元。
It costs (me) $$1 000 a year to run a car.
使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。
I have spent all day
looking for you. 我花了 1 整天找你。
It took me an
hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了 1 个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注:若 cost
不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也
可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every
year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费
政府不少钱。
2、从所接宾语来看:
cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend
的宾语则可以是
时间或钱。如:
How much did it cost to
build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
It took her
two hours to walk to the station. 步行去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books.
他花了很多时间读(很多钱买)书。
注:cost
有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的
时间)。如:
Making experiments like this
costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花
很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take
的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的
现象已很普遍。如:
It
takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
3. 从句型结构来看:
(1) 三者的通常句型为:
sth
costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb)
money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time
(money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time
(money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it
takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time
(money) for sb to do sth 做某
事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(2) 用于以上意义时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take
通常不用于被动语态,
而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:
误:Thirty
dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours
was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was
spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
4.
在
比喻
用法中:
(1) cost
指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:
Careless driving
will cost your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。
Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing.
给他打个电话,这不费什么事。
(2) spend 表示“消耗”、“用完”。如:
I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me.
他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
(3) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:
It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。
It takes
two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took
three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
1、spend 花费(时间、金钱)
2、take 花费、占用(时间)
3、pay (多与for连用) pay for 为„„付款
4、cost 价值
1、 Sb. spend + timemoney + on sth.
(某人花费„„[多少钱多少时间]在某物
上)
Sb. spend +
timemoney + (in) doing sth. (某人花费„„[多用时间]来做某
事)
2、 句型:It takes sb. + time + to do sth.
(做某事花费某人„„[用时间])
3、 Sb. pay for
sth. (某人为某物付款)
Sb. pay + money + for sth.
(某人为某物付„„[多少钱])
4、 Sth.
cost sb. + money. (某物花费某人„„[多少钱])
Sth. cost +
money. (某物价值„„[多少钱])