同位语从句用法详解(含同位语从句与定语从句的区别讲解)
以理想为话题的作文-实习生工作总结
同位语从句用法详解(例句丰富)
一、同位语从句的引导词
引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。
1.
由that引导
We heard the news that our team had
won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
They were worried over the
fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
The news
that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天放假的消息不实。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it
was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
The fact
that the money has gone does not mean it was
stolen.
那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
He referred
to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves
round the sun.
他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion,
resolution等)后面的同位语从句要
用虚拟语气。如:
They were
faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.
他们面对废除这个税的要求。
They expressed the wish that
she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
There was
a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the
team.
有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
The suggestion that
the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
The resolution that women
be allowed to join the society was carried.
允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
1
I can
understand their eagerness that you should be the
main speaker.
我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如:
He grabbed his suitcase and gave the
impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
他
拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 由whether引导
There is some doubt whether he will come.
他是否会来还不一定。
Answer my question whether you are
coming. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。
The question whether it
is right or wrong depends on the result.
这个是对还是错要看结果。
We are not investigating the
question whether he is trustworthy.
我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意】whether
可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
3. 由连接代词引导
Have you
any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
From
1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party
headquarters. After that I went
back to work
in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino
was. 从1985年到1990年我是
地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌
场是什么样的地方。
4. 由连接副词引导
I have no idea when
he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
It is a
question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。
He had no
idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。
You have no
idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!
2
二、关于分离同位语从句
有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如:
The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in
the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽
车。
The rumour
spread that a new school would be built here.
谣传这里要盖一所新学校。
Report has it that the Smiths are
leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
The thought
came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the
city. 他想到可能敌人已逃
离这座城市。
The order soon came
that all citizens should evacuate the village.
不久命令下来,所有
居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)
二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句和定语从句都放在被修饰词的后边,而且都是用
于修饰和说明前面的先行词,
无论从形式上和作用上来看,它们都非常相似。实际上,二者是很容易区别
开来的,最主要
是抓住以下几点:
1.意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名
词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而
定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修
饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来(从
语义角度看,同位语从句与先行词之间存在的是同位或等同的关
系,而定语从句与先行词之
间存在的是所属关系,表示“……的”,起修饰限定作用。):
We are glad at the news that he will come.
听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内
容就是that he will
come,故that引导的是同位语从句)
3
We are
glad at the news that he told us.
听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that
从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴
只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的
news,故that从句为定语从句)
例如:
同位语从句: The news that she had passed the exam
made her parents very happy.
她考试及格的消息使她父母很高兴。(that之后是news的具体内容)
定语从句:
The news that he told us interested all of
us.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。
(that之后是对news的解释)
2.
引导词的不同
what, how, if, whatever
等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。
从引导词与先行词的关系区分同位语从句与定语从句
who, which, what, when, why, how, where等词都可以用来
引导同位语从句,但它们的用法
和用作关系代词或关系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同:引导同位语从句
的关联词是对先行
词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明,与先行词不存在指代关系;而引导定语从句的关
系代
词或关系副词不但在从句中充当成分,而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。
例如:
同位语从句: He has solved the problem why
the radio was out of
order.他解决了收音机为
何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)
定语从句:
The reason why he was late for class is quite
clear.他上课迟到的原因显而易
3. 引导词的功能上的不同
that引导同位语从
句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么
充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定
语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told
的宾语。
4
从语法角度来看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起语法
作用,用来连接同位语从句,
在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它除了
起引导从句的语法作
用之外,还要在从句中充当句子成分主要是作主语或宾语。
例如:
同位语从句: The fact that he succeeded in the
experiment pleased
everybody.他实验成
功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。(that只起连接作用)
定语从句: The fact that (which) we talked about is
very
important.我们所谈论的那个事实
很重要。(that在从句中作about的宾语)
4. 被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish,
idea, news, fact, promise,
opinion,
suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外,when和where
引
导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又
如
why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:
I
have no idea when they will come.
我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I’ll never forget the days
when I lived there..
我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)
We don’t understand the problem why this is
the best choice.
我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句
)
The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting
is that he is ill.
他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。(定语从句)
从先行词的词性来看,同位语从句的先行词大都为抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名
词,也可以是
代词。
例如:
同位语从句: There is no doubt that the
price of wheat will go up.毫无疑问,小麦的价格将
5
会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词)
定语从句: Those who
were against the plan raised their
hands.那些反对这个计划的人举
起了手。(Those为代词)
5.
从that可否省略区分同位语从句与定语从句
从that可否省略来看,同位语从句的th
at一般不可以省略,但是定语从句中的关系代词如果
在从句中充当宾语,在非正式用语中常常可以将关
系代词that省略。
例如:
同位语从句: We heard the news
that our volleyball team had won the
match.我们听说了
我们排球队获胜的消息。(that不可省略)
定语从句:
This is the very book (that) I’m looking
for.这正是我要找的那本书。(that作for
的宾语,可以省略)
(补充:1、从句
所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名
词,如belief ,
doubt , fact , hope 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例如:
He
has told us a fact that drinking too much does
harm to our
health.他又告诉我们一个事
实,过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)
This
is the book that I bought yesterday.
这是我昨天买的那本书。(定语从句)
2. 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起
连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句
子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句,但不能
引导定语从句。引导定语从句的连
接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that ,
which , who , whose , whom , when ,
where ,
why , as,than, but 等。
The news that he wants
to get is whether he will be sent to the countrysi
de.他所想得到的消
息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句,关系代词that作从句get的宾语。
)
Do you have a doubt whether she will be
dismissed from school? 你怀疑她是否能被学校开
除吗?(同位语从句)
6
3.从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,
对先行词起修饰、限定作用,
描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词
的特点,对中心
词作进一步补充解释,是中心词的具体内容。例如:
The man
that you saw just now is my bother.
你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句)
The suggestion that the
meeting be put off proved
right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。(同
位语从句)
同位语从句中连接词that在
从句中不作句子成分,也没有词汇含义,只起连接作用,其作用
大致相当于一个冒号;而引导定语从句的
that是关系代词,且在句中充当句子的成分。
具体区别如下:
1、 被修饰的词不同:
同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语
从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词
。
例子:
Word came that he had been
abroad.(同位语从句)
这个消息传来,他在国外。
Our team has
won the game, which made us very happy.(定语从句)
队伍的取得胜利使我们高兴。
2.
从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、
描绘或说明。
例子:
The news that our team has won the
game was true. (同位语从句)
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
The news that he told me yesterday was
true.(定语从句)
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
7
3. 引导词不同:what, how,
whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。
例子:
That
question whether we need it has not been
considered.(同位语从句)
我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。
The
order that we received yesterday was that we
should send a few people to help the
other
groups.(定语从句)
我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。
4.
引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定
语从句的t
hat为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
例子:
The news that
got around the town made people happy.(定语从句)
我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴
The news that he came back
made people happy.(同位语从句)
他回来的消息让人们感到很高兴。
5. 判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容
的
,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
例子:
At the
first day, I booked a kind of magazine that Tom
had recommended to me.(定语从句)
在第一天,我在读汤姆推荐我的杂志。
The fact can`t be accepted by the fans that we
lost the swimming game .(同位语从句)
因为他放不下架子,所以我们输了游泳比赛。)
8
同位语从句用法详解(例句丰富)
一、同位语从句的引导词
引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。
1.
由that引导
We heard the news that our team had
won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
They were worried over the
fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
The news
that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天放假的消息不实。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it
was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
The fact
that the money has gone does not mean it was
stolen.
那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
He referred
to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves
round the sun.
他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion,
resolution等)后面的同位语从句要
用虚拟语气。如:
They were
faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.
他们面对废除这个税的要求。
They expressed the wish that
she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
There was
a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the
team.
有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
The suggestion that
the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
The resolution that women
be allowed to join the society was carried.
允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
1
I can
understand their eagerness that you should be the
main speaker.
我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如:
He grabbed his suitcase and gave the
impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
他
拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 由whether引导
There is some doubt whether he will come.
他是否会来还不一定。
Answer my question whether you are
coming. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。
The question whether it
is right or wrong depends on the result.
这个是对还是错要看结果。
We are not investigating the
question whether he is trustworthy.
我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意】whether
可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
3. 由连接代词引导
Have you
any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
From
1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party
headquarters. After that I went
back to work
in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino
was. 从1985年到1990年我是
地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌
场是什么样的地方。
4. 由连接副词引导
I have no idea when
he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
It is a
question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。
He had no
idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。
You have no
idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!
2
二、关于分离同位语从句
有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如:
The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in
the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽
车。
The rumour
spread that a new school would be built here.
谣传这里要盖一所新学校。
Report has it that the Smiths are
leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
The thought
came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the
city. 他想到可能敌人已逃
离这座城市。
The order soon came
that all citizens should evacuate the village.
不久命令下来,所有
居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)
二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句和定语从句都放在被修饰词的后边,而且都是用
于修饰和说明前面的先行词,
无论从形式上和作用上来看,它们都非常相似。实际上,二者是很容易区别
开来的,最主要
是抓住以下几点:
1.意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名
词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而
定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修
饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来(从
语义角度看,同位语从句与先行词之间存在的是同位或等同的关
系,而定语从句与先行词之
间存在的是所属关系,表示“……的”,起修饰限定作用。):
We are glad at the news that he will come.
听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内
容就是that he will
come,故that引导的是同位语从句)
3
We are
glad at the news that he told us.
听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that
从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴
只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的
news,故that从句为定语从句)
例如:
同位语从句: The news that she had passed the exam
made her parents very happy.
她考试及格的消息使她父母很高兴。(that之后是news的具体内容)
定语从句:
The news that he told us interested all of
us.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。
(that之后是对news的解释)
2.
引导词的不同
what, how, if, whatever
等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。
从引导词与先行词的关系区分同位语从句与定语从句
who, which, what, when, why, how, where等词都可以用来
引导同位语从句,但它们的用法
和用作关系代词或关系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同:引导同位语从句
的关联词是对先行
词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明,与先行词不存在指代关系;而引导定语从句的关
系代
词或关系副词不但在从句中充当成分,而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。
例如:
同位语从句: He has solved the problem why
the radio was out of
order.他解决了收音机为
何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)
定语从句:
The reason why he was late for class is quite
clear.他上课迟到的原因显而易
3. 引导词的功能上的不同
that引导同位语从
句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么
充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定
语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told
的宾语。
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从语法角度来看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起语法
作用,用来连接同位语从句,
在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它除了
起引导从句的语法作
用之外,还要在从句中充当句子成分主要是作主语或宾语。
例如:
同位语从句: The fact that he succeeded in the
experiment pleased
everybody.他实验成
功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。(that只起连接作用)
定语从句: The fact that (which) we talked about is
very
important.我们所谈论的那个事实
很重要。(that在从句中作about的宾语)
4. 被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish,
idea, news, fact, promise,
opinion,
suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外,when和where
引
导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又
如
why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:
I
have no idea when they will come.
我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I’ll never forget the days
when I lived there..
我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)
We don’t understand the problem why this is
the best choice.
我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句
)
The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting
is that he is ill.
他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。(定语从句)
从先行词的词性来看,同位语从句的先行词大都为抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名
词,也可以是
代词。
例如:
同位语从句: There is no doubt that the
price of wheat will go up.毫无疑问,小麦的价格将
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会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词)
定语从句: Those who
were against the plan raised their
hands.那些反对这个计划的人举
起了手。(Those为代词)
5.
从that可否省略区分同位语从句与定语从句
从that可否省略来看,同位语从句的th
at一般不可以省略,但是定语从句中的关系代词如果
在从句中充当宾语,在非正式用语中常常可以将关
系代词that省略。
例如:
同位语从句: We heard the news
that our volleyball team had won the
match.我们听说了
我们排球队获胜的消息。(that不可省略)
定语从句:
This is the very book (that) I’m looking
for.这正是我要找的那本书。(that作for
的宾语,可以省略)
(补充:1、从句
所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名
词,如belief ,
doubt , fact , hope 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例如:
He
has told us a fact that drinking too much does
harm to our
health.他又告诉我们一个事
实,过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)
This
is the book that I bought yesterday.
这是我昨天买的那本书。(定语从句)
2. 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起
连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句
子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句,但不能
引导定语从句。引导定语从句的连
接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that ,
which , who , whose , whom , when ,
where ,
why , as,than, but 等。
The news that he wants
to get is whether he will be sent to the countrysi
de.他所想得到的消
息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句,关系代词that作从句get的宾语。
)
Do you have a doubt whether she will be
dismissed from school? 你怀疑她是否能被学校开
除吗?(同位语从句)
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3.从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,
对先行词起修饰、限定作用,
描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词
的特点,对中心
词作进一步补充解释,是中心词的具体内容。例如:
The man
that you saw just now is my bother.
你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句)
The suggestion that the
meeting be put off proved
right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。(同
位语从句)
同位语从句中连接词that在
从句中不作句子成分,也没有词汇含义,只起连接作用,其作用
大致相当于一个冒号;而引导定语从句的
that是关系代词,且在句中充当句子的成分。
具体区别如下:
1、 被修饰的词不同:
同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语
从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词
。
例子:
Word came that he had been
abroad.(同位语从句)
这个消息传来,他在国外。
Our team has
won the game, which made us very happy.(定语从句)
队伍的取得胜利使我们高兴。
2.
从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、
描绘或说明。
例子:
The news that our team has won the
game was true. (同位语从句)
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
The news that he told me yesterday was
true.(定语从句)
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
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3. 引导词不同:what, how,
whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。
例子:
That
question whether we need it has not been
considered.(同位语从句)
我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。
The
order that we received yesterday was that we
should send a few people to help the
other
groups.(定语从句)
我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。
4.
引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定
语从句的t
hat为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
例子:
The news that
got around the town made people happy.(定语从句)
我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴
The news that he came back
made people happy.(同位语从句)
他回来的消息让人们感到很高兴。
5. 判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容
的
,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
例子:
At the
first day, I booked a kind of magazine that Tom
had recommended to me.(定语从句)
在第一天,我在读汤姆推荐我的杂志。
The fact can`t be accepted by the fans that we
lost the swimming game .(同位语从句)
因为他放不下架子,所以我们输了游泳比赛。)
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