出柜什么意思-年终述职报告

形容词作后置定语的规律

形容词作定语通常要位于所修饰的名词之前，但 有时却要位于所修饰的名词之
后。主要见于以下情况：
(1) 形容词短语作定语
I know an actor suitable for the part. 我认识一个适合扮演这个角色的演员。
A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. 一个如此难以取悦的人一
定不好共事。
(2) 表语形容词作定语
He spoke like a man afraid. 他说话时像是很害怕似的。
The house ablaze is next door to me. 那家着火的房子就在我隔壁。
(3) 形容词修饰不定代词
I would like to have something interesting to read. 我想找些有趣的东西来读。
Anyone intelligent can do it. 任何有头脑的人都能做这件事。
在以下情况，用作定语的形容词可以后置，也可以前置：
(1) 以-able和- ible结尾的形容词：可置于前有最高级形容词或only等词的名词
之后，如：
That is the only solution possible. 那是唯一可行的解决办法。
Please put your idea into the simplest language possible. 请用最简单的语言将你的
想法说出来。
(2) 某些成对的形容词
Visitors, old and young, were delighted. 不管老少，所有的参观者都很高兴。
There was a huge cupboard, simple and beautiful. 有一个大食橱，简朴而美观。
(3)形容词enough
There is time enough to take care of everything. 有时间足以料理一切。
We didn’t have time enough to finish the work. 我们当时没有足够的时间完成那
件工作
the+adj.的语法特点

1. 复数性
“the+形容词”表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时，通常表示复数意义， 若用作
主语，谓语要用复数。如：
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富，贫者愈贫。
The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了。
The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。
2. 单数性
“the+形容词”若表示抽象概念，则表示单数意义，用作主语时，谓语要用单数。
如：
He doesn’t know the right from the wrong. 他不辨是非。
The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的
东西。

The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是
善，善未必是真。
3. 单复性 < br>有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓
语动词用单 数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good 指“好人”时表复数意义，指
“善”时表单数意义；the accused 指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复
数意义。比较：
The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)
The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)
4. 习惯性
(1) 有的表达带有一定的习惯性，如“病人”习惯说成 the sick，而不说 the ill。
(2) 这类结构习惯上不用于-’s 所有格形式，若语义需要，可考虑用 of 所有格。
如：
正：He is interested in the problems of the poor. 他对穷人的问题感兴趣。
误：He is interested in the poor’s problems.
“the+形容词”结构可以省去冠词吗
“the + 形容词”这类结构中的定冠词通常不能省略，但是以下几种情况是例外：
1. 受数量词语修饰时省略定冠词
即其中的形容词受到表示数量的词以及 many, more 等修饰时，定冠词通常省
略。如：
Many sick are well cared for in hospitals. 许多病人在医院受到良好的照顾。
There are more unemployed than ever before. 现在失业的人比以往任何时候都
多。
2. 用于对称结构时省略定冠词
即用 and 或 or 连接成对称结构时，通常省略定冠词。如：
There are opportunities for both rich and poor. 穷人和富人都有机会。
Good and bad alike admired the baseball heroes. 不分好人和坏人，大家都钦佩那
些棒球英雄。
3. 用于并列结构时省略定冠词
对于两个由and 或 or 连接成的非对称结构，有时可将后面一个形容词前的定
冠词省略(也可以不省略)。如：
It was said that the hospital was full of the sick and (the) wounded. 据说医院里挤
满了伤病员。
We carried the dead and (the) wounded off the battlefield. 我们把伤亡者抬出了战
场。
4. 个别结构习惯上可省略冠词
在现代英语中，有个别的“the+形容词”结构在单独使用时也可省略冠词。如：
The number of unemployed is rising all the time. 失业人数在不断上升。
多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序

有时，一个名词前出现 有多个形容词作定语，这时，它们的顺序一般须根据它们
与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密切程度而定。在 通常情况下，它们的顺序为大致
遵循以下原则：

描绘形容词—大小(长短高低 )形容词—形状形容词—年龄(新旧)形容词—颜色形
容词—国籍形容词—材料形容词—用途(类别)形 容词—名词
I bought a nice(好看的) small(小小的) round(圆形的) new(新的) yellow(黄色的)
French (法国产的) oak(橡木做的) writing desk(写字台).
但是，以上情况并不绝对，例外的情 况是常有的，况且以上规则也不好记。下面
再介绍几条原则性的东西，供参考：
1. 总体描述在前，具体描述在后；
2. 主观描述在前，客观描述在后；
3. 普遍性描述在前，特殊性描述在后；
4. 音节少的词在前，音节多的词在后；
5. 与所修饰的名词关系不紧密的在前，关系紧密的在后。
注：有时，两个互补的形容词修饰同一个名词或代词，强调全部范围时，可用
and or连起来(如：old and young, long or short, male and female)放在名词或代词
的后面，并且名词与形容词之间常用逗号隔开。如：
Visitors, old and young,were delighted. 不管老少，所有的参观者都很高兴。
定语形容词和表语形容词

一般说来，形容 词既可作定语又可作表语，但是，有些形容词只用于名词前作定
语，它们被称为定语形容词，而另有一些 形容词则只用作表语，它们被称为表语
形容词。
1. 常见的定语形容词有elder(年岁较大的), eldest(最年长的), indoor (室内的),
outdoor(室外的), daily(每天的), everyday(每天的), weekly(每周的), monthly(每月
的), yearly(每后的), last(最后的), wooden(木制的), woolen(毛纺的)等。如：
I like wooden furniture. 我喜欢木制家具。
School is an everyday event for most children. 对大多数孩子来说，上学是每天都
要做的事。
2. 常见的表语形容词有afraid(害怕的), alike(相同的), alive(活着的), alone(单独
的), ashamed(羞愧的), asleep(睡着的), awake(醒着的), aware(意识到的), ill(有病
的), well(身体健康的), glad(高兴的), pleased(高兴的), sorry(难过的), content(满意
的), fond(喜欢的)等。如：
Is the baby still asleep 这个婴儿还在睡觉吗
My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。
We are not content with the present achievements. 我们不满足于目前的成就。
注意：
关于表语形容词和定语形容词的用法并不是绝对的，当它 们表示的意思发生变
化，其用法也可能随之变化，如 ill 表示“生病的”通常只用表语，但表示“坏的”
时，却通常只用作定语。

英语副词分类详解

一、时间副词
1. 常见的时间副词

常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early,
today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。
2. 时间副词在句中的位置
(1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：
He went home yesterday. Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于 句末或句
首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He went to Paris recently. He recently went to Paris. Recently he went to Paris.
最近他去了巴黎。
(2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词
be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He’s just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。
I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。
当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：
She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。
I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。
still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：
I still don’t understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。
另外，still 和already 还可位于句末，表示惊奇：
Are you on page one still 你还在看第1页
Is your mother back already 你妈妈就已经回来了

二、地点副词
1. 常见的地点副词
常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad,
indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。
2. 地点副词在句中的位置
地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副
词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：
Can you help to carry this table upstairs 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗
The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看
书。
三、方式副词
1. 方式副词的特点
方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully,
happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。
2. 方式副词在句中的位置
(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：
He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。
方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：
不可说：We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.)
但可说：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看
到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。

若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之
前：
He looked at me curiously. He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量着我。
He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. 他好奇地打量着从飞机上
走下来的每一个人。
(2) 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：
He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。
He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气，把信撕碎了。
(3) 有的方式副词(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly,
simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：
They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。
He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。
He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。
(4) 有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly 等)有时可位于句首，以达到
某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中)：
Suddenly, the driver started the engine. 突然地，司机启动了发动机。

四、频度副词
1. 频度副词的特点
频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often,
occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。
2. 频度副词在句中的位置
频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后：
He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。
He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。
有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：
She always was late. 她老是迟到。
有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时)：
I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。
We go out very seldom. 我们很少外出。
Do you go to the cinema very often 你常去看电影吗
有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首
(此时多半是因为强调或对比)：
Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。
Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。
【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序：
Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。
Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。
另外，频度副词always 和 never通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：
Always remember this. 时刻记住这一点。
Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。
3. 频度副词在否定句中的位置

在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有
的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually,
continuously，均含有“连续不断”之意)，而有的频度副词 却必须要位于否定词not
之前(如sometimes, frequently)：
He doesn’t usually come here. He usually doesn’t come here. 他通常不来这儿。
She doesn’t always come late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说 always doesn’t)
He is sometimes not responsible for what he does. 他有时对所做的事不负责任。

五、程度副词
1. 程度副词的特点
程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too,
greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。
2. 程度副词的用法注意点
(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather
等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)：
Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。
This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。
【注】quite 有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。
(2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty,
very等)则不能修饰动词：
I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
(3) 个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：
It’s quite [rather] a good idea. It’s a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。
若此结构中没有形容词，则 quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前：
It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功。

六、连接副词
1. 连接副词的分类
连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides,
otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一类是用于引导从句或
不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how 等。
2. 连接句子或从句的连接副词
其性质类似于并列连词，使 用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常
带有并列连词(如and)：
I don’t like it; besides, it’s too expensive. 我不喜欢它，而且也太贵了。
We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. We all tried our best. However,
we lost the game. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
注意 ，有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，
这类副词有的还可 位于句中或句末：
He may, however, come later. 不过，他也许一会儿就到。
We all tried out best. We lost the game, however. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过
我们还是输了。

Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides. 彼特是我们最小的
孩子，我们另外还有三个。

3. 引导从句和不定式的连接副词
用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how
等：
Tell me when we shall leave. Tell me when to leave. 告诉我什么时候离开。
I don’t know how I can find him. I don’t know how to find him. 我不知道如何找到
他。
Where we can get the money is just our problem. Where to get the money is just
our problem. 到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。
That’s why he speaks English so well. 那就是他为什么英语讲得这么好的原因。
【注】连接副词why 后不能接不定式，如可说 I don’t know why I must leave.(我
不知道我为什么必须离开)，但不能说 I don’t know why to leave。

七、关系副词
1. 关系副词的特点
关系副词用于引出定语从句，主要有when, where, why：
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日
子。
That’s the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜欢我的原因。
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals 你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗
【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when 表示
时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。
2. 使用关系副词的注意点
(1) how 不能用作关系副词，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way 后
表示方式：
他说话就是那个样子。
误：This is the way how he spoke.
正：This is how he spoke. This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.
(2) 关系副词wh en和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语
从句，但why只能引导限制性定语 从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非
限制性定语从句，可用for which reason)。
(3) 引导定语从句时，when 的先行词为时间，where的先行词为地点，why的
先行词为原因(主要是the reason)，但是反过来却不一定：
Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
This is the house (that) he bought recently. 这就是他最近买的那座房子。
Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。
八、疑问副词
1. 疑问副词的特点
疑问副词有when, where, why, how 等，用于引出特殊疑问句：
Where do you come from 你是哪里人
When will it be ready 这什么时候能准备好
Why was she crying 她刚才为什么哭

2. 两类易混句型的区别。请看以下两句：
Where do you think he has gone 你认为他去什么地方了
Do you know when he will come 你知道他什么时候来吗
上面第一句为特殊疑问句，第二句为一般疑问句，它们不能倒过来说成Do you
think where he has gone When do you know he will come 其区别是：可以用 yes
或 no 回答者，用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中，即主句之后)，适合这类
句型的主句动词通常有 know, hear, ask, tell 等；不能用 yes 或 no 回答者，用
特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首)，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think,
believe, suppose, guess 等。
3. 使用疑问副词的注意点
(1) 疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定：
Without friends where are we 没有朋友我们会怎样
(2) 疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：
Why argue with him 为什么要与跟他争吵
Why not ask the teacher Why don’t you ask the teacher 为什么不问问老师呢
【注】Why 或Why not后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，
不用于过去，如不说 why not tell me yesterday应改为Why didn’t you tell me
yesterday(昨天为什么不告诉我)
(3) 有时两个疑问副词连用：
When and where were you born 你生于何时何地

九、句子副词
1. 句子副词的特点
句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如
actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily,
obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。
2. 句子副词在句中的位置
句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)：
Obviously he can’t tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。
I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了，幸而会议推迟
了。
但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中：
He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn’t. 他发出狞笑，他显然知道
一些我所不知道的事。
有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：
Clearly he didn’t say so. 显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)
He didn’t say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)
Frankly, you are wrong. 说实在的，你错了。(句子副词)
He spoke frankly about his past life. 他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)

有的与形容词同形的副词与以- ly结尾的副词意义差别不是很大。我们可从以下
几个方面来区分：
位置不同：在动词之前或句首通常只用ly副词。如：
He slowly drove the car into the garage.他把车慢慢地开进车库。

Quickly everybody stood up.大家很快地站起来。
但在动词后，两种副词都可用。如：
He drives slowslowly.他的车开得很慢。
He sold it cheapcheaply.他将它便宜卖了。
(2)含义不同：与形容词同形的副词通常指具体情况，而-ly副词多指抽象概念。
请比较：
He is sitting close to me.他就坐在我边上(from 。
Watch closely what I do.仔细瞧我怎么做的。
I went deep into the woods.我深入到树林中。
Her story moved me deeply.她的故事使我深受感动。
The plane was flying high.这架飞机飞得很高。
He think highly of your work.他对你的工作评价很高。
He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。
English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。
(3)习惯搭配不同。如(from ：
1. 在stand firm(站稳)和hold firm(固守)中不用firmly。
2. 在fair and square(正大光明地)和play fair(公平办事)中不用fairly。
3. 在take it easy(别着急), go easy(从容不迫), easier said than done(说来容易做来
难), easy come, easy go(易得则易失)等中不用easily。
4. 在sound asleep(熟睡), wide open(完全开着), wide awake(完全醒了)中不用
soundly或widely。
有些形容词变为副词时，可在词尾加- ly，也可以不加，两者在含义和用法上有相
同之处，也有不同之处：

1. bright 与brightly的用法区别
两者都可表示“明亮地”，但bright通常只与s hine连用，且应置于其后，而brightly
则可与其他动词(或分词等)连用，且可置于动词之 前或之后：
The stars were shining bright [brightly]. 星光灿烂。
The temple is brightly painted. 这座庙被漆得亮堂堂的。

2. cheap 与cheaply的用法区别
两者均可表示“便宜地”、“廉价地”，但前者主要与表示“买”(如buy, get, pick up等)
或“卖”(如sell)之类的动词连用，且置于其后；后者用法较广，可置于动词之前或之后：
The radio was cheaply bought [was bought cheap]. 这收音机买得很便宜。
The room was cheaply furnished. 屋里配置了便宜的家具。

3. clear与clearly的用法区别
两者均可表示“清晰地”、“不模糊地”，有时可换用，但是 若其前有修饰语，则只
能用clearly：
He spoke loud(ly) and clear(ly). 他说得既宏亮又清楚。
He spoke quite [very] clearly. 他说得很清楚。

4. deep与deeply的用法区别

两者均可表示“深”、“深深地”，修饰具体的动作, 有时可互换：
The doctor asked me to breathe deep [deeply]. 医生叫我做深呼吸。
修饰静止状态、介词短语或表示深夜等，通常用deep(偶尔也用deeply)：
He sat there deep in thought. 他坐在那儿深思。
The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议一直开到深夜。
Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱
着。
修饰带有感情色彩的动词(如 hate, dislike, love, admire, hurt, regret 等)，通常要
用 deeply，另外，修饰形容词、过去分词等，一般也要用 deeply：
He deeply hates fish. 他很不喜欢吃鱼。
We deeply regret your misfortune. 我们对你的不幸深表遗憾。
I am deeply grateful to you. 我衷心感谢你。
He was deeply moved by [at] the story. 听了这个故事，他深受感动。
5. direct 与directly的用法区别
两者均可表示“径直地”、“直接地”，但direct 通常只位于动词之后，而 directly 则
可位于动词之前或之后：
We flew direct [directly] to Paris. 我们直飞巴黎。
You’d better write direct [directly] to her. 你最好直接给她写信。
His speech directly affected the strike. 他的演讲直接影响了罢工。

6. easy与easily的用法区别
easy用作副词通常只用于某些特定的表达中：
Take it [things] easy. 别着急(慢慢来)。
Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。
Easier said than done. 说来容易做来难。
而easily 的用法则很广，除表示“容易地”、“轻而易举地”外， 还可表示“无疑地”、
“可能地”，可用于动词之前或之后：
I can easily finish the work. 我可以毫不费力地完成这工作。
She is easily the cleverest girl in the class. 她无疑是这个班最聪明的女孩。

7. firm 与firmly的用法区别
firm 用作副词的用法十分有限，通常只能与 stand, hold, stay 等少数动词连用，
且位于动词之后；而firmly 的用法则十分广泛，且可位于动词之前或之后：
Always hold firm to your beliefs. 一定要坚守信仰。
They stood firm against the war. 他们坚决反对战争。
I firmly believe that it is true. 我坚信那是真的。
The fence posts were fixed firmly in the ground. 栅栏的立柱牢牢地固定在地上。
【注】hold firmly 通常用于本义，指“紧紧握住”；而 hold firm 则通常用于引申
义，指“坚持(原则、理想、信仰等)”。

8. free 与freely的用法区别
free用作副词意为“免费地”、“松动地”，总是位于动词之后；fr eely的意思很多，
可以表示“自由地”，“随便地”，“无限制地”，“心甘情愿地”，“慷慨地” 等，可位
于动词之前或之后：

Children are admitted free. 儿童免费入场。
You may speak freely. 你可以直言。
I freely admit that I made a mistake. 我心甘情愿承认我弄错了。
9. high与highly的用法区别
两者均可表示“高”，但high通常表示具体的高，且主要修饰动词；highly 主要表
示很高的程度(意为“高度地”、“非常地”)，除修饰动词(如 speak, praise, think of
等)外，还通常用于修饰分词或形容词(尤其是那些由动词派生而来的形容词, 有
时相当于 very much)：
He climbed high. 他爬得很高。
He speaks very highly of you. 他十分赞赏你。
His report is highly scientific. 他的报告是很科学的。
She is a highly educated woman. 她是受过很高教育的女人。
【注】在用连字符构成的复合形容词中，通常要用 high：high-priced 高价的

10. quick与quickly的用法区别
两者均可表示“快”，在口语 中，一般多用quick(尤其在需要用比较级或最高级时)，
并且总是放在动词之后；若放在动词之前 ，一般用quickly：
Come quick(ly). There’s been an accident. 快来，出事故了。
You get there quicker by bus. 你坐汽车去那儿会快一些。
He quickly changed his clothes. 他迅速地换了衣服。

11. slow 与slowly的用法区别
两者都可表示“慢”，但slow通常只与少数动词(如 go, drive, pass, climb, run, walk
等)连用，且应置于其后；而slowly则用法较广，且可置于 动词之前或之后，有
时还可置于句首：
He walked slowly [slow] up the path. 他沿着那条小路慢慢地走着。
She slowly opened the door. 她慢慢地把门打开。
Slowly, things began to improve. 情况渐渐有了好转。
【注】在某些特殊句型(如感叹句等)中，slow也可放在主语之前：
How slow [slowly] the time passes! 时间过得真慢!
The slower you drive, the safer you are. 车开得越慢就越安全。

12. tight与tightly的用法区别
两者均可表示“紧紧地”，但tight通 常只用于动词之后，而tightly则可用于动词
之前或之后：
Please hold it tight [tightly]. 请紧紧握住它。
We were tightly packed in the bus. 我们在公共汽车里紧紧地挤在一起。
高中英语语法练习- 形容词和副词
一、基础练习
1. If I had＿＿＿, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.
A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
2. These oranges taste＿＿＿. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard＿＿＿.

A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice
4. I’d be＿＿＿, if you could give me an early reply.
A. pleasant B. grateful C. satisfied D. helpful
5. Those T-shirts are usually ＄35 each, but today they have a (an)＿＿＿price of
＄19 in the shopping center.
A. regular B. special C. cheap D. ordinary
6. Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife.
A. small black leather B. black leather small C. small leather black D. black small
leather
7. —— How was your job interview
—— Oh, I couldn’t feel＿＿＿. I hardly found proper answers to most of the
questions they asked.
A. better B. easier C. worse D. happier
8. Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think＿＿
＿＿＿
A. tastes best B. smells most C. sounds best D. drinks mostly
9. —— Can Li Hua help me with my English
—— I regret to tell you her English is＿＿＿＿＿yours.
A. as good as B. no more than C. no better than D. as much as
10. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him＿＿＿＿＿for it.
A. not so much B. not so little C. no more D. no less
11. When they came in, Mr Harris＿＿＿＿＿＿like a baby.
Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.
A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep C. got asleep D. went to sleep
12. This year they have produced＿＿＿ grain ＿＿＿they did last year.
A. as less； as B. as few； as C. less； than D. fewer； than
13. —— Can I help you
—— Well, I’m afraid the box is＿＿＿heavy for you,but thank you all the same.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
14. —— How did you find your visit to the museum
—— I thoroughly enjoy it. It was＿＿＿＿＿than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so far interesting D. a lot much interesting
15. —— Would you like some wine—— Yes, just＿＿＿＿＿.
A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit
16. It takes a long time to go there by train； it’s ＿＿＿＿by road.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
17. If there were no examinations, we should have＿＿＿at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much
happier time
18. I’m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.
A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple
19. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose＿＿＿one as she didn’t
want to spend too much money on it.

A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive
20. ＿＿＿＿＿box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.
A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a
21. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ＿＿＿
choice.
A. good B. the best C. better D. the better
22. It was＿＿＿＿＿late to catch a bus after the party, there fore we called a taxi.
A. too very too C. too much D. far
23. Greenland, ＿＿＿＿＿island in the world, covers even two million square
kilometers.
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest
24. —— Mum, I think I’m ＿＿＿＿＿ to get back to school.
—— Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough
25. Dracula and Frankenstein are＿＿＿＿＿film characters.
A. frighten B. frightened C. frightening D. frightenly
26. When they heard the bad news, they all looked＿＿at the master and felt quite
＿＿.
A. sad； sad B. sadly； sadly C. sad； sadly D. sadly； sad
27. The storm kept me＿＿＿＿＿all through the night.
A. awake B. awoke C. awaked
28. —— What do you think of the concert—— Oh, it was＿＿＿＿＿success.
A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really
29. My＿＿＿＿＿brother is two years＿＿＿＿＿than I.
A. older； older B. elder； older C. older； elder D. elder； elder
30. I haven’t seen＿＿＿＿＿this since I collected stamps.
A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp as
二、提高练习
1. To plant the tree, we must dig _____.
A. a three feet deep hole B. three-foot-deep a hole
C. a hole three feet deep D. a three-feet-deep hole
2. I think he is one of the best men you've ____ found.
A, never B. already C. ever D. once
3. ____ the boy’s grown! He is almost ___ his father.
A. What, as tall as B. What, taller than C. How, as tall as D. How, taller
than
4. I haven’t got ____ nails to mend the cupboard. I need another three of them.
A. enough big B. big enough C. much bigger D. many enough
5. Henry knows little of physics _________ of chemistry.
A. as well as B. no less than C. and still more D. and still less
6. — The dish is delicious!
— Well, at least it's ___ the one I cooked yesterday.
A. as bad as B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than
7. — Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic

— Yes. You couldn't hope for ____ at this time of the year.
A. a nice day B. the nice day C. a nicer day D. the nicest day
8. It makes Thomas no better, and it makes you ____
A. best B. good C. well D. worse
9. With the help of the new equipment, our factories produced ___ VCD players in
2000 as the year before.
A. as many as twice B. twice more than C. as twice many D. twice as
many
10. I had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice ____ came.
A. more than B. as many C. as much D. less than
11. — Why didn't you go to the cinema last night
— It was something ____ interesting.
A. far less B. more or less C. much more D. any further
12. The population of many Alaskan cities has _____ doubled in the past five years.
A. larger than B. more than C. as greatly as D. as much as
13. — This is a good place for a picnic.
— Yes, it couldn't be ____ .
A. better B. best C. worst D. worse
14. — How do you like your teacher of English
— Well, no one teaches _____ here.
A. well B. poorly C. best D. better
15. In the poor parts of America's big cities there is a lot of crime, _____ .
A. and much of it is serious B. much of it is serious
C. and many more is serious D. more of it is serious
16. — Do you like cats
— Of course. They are ____ a kind of pet. They can do much good for their masters.
A. better than B. more than C. no more than D. no better than
17. The newly-built theatre is ____ the old one.
A. as twice big as B. twice more bigger than
C. twice the size of D. twice so big as
18. I'm afraid that your conclusion is ____ from correct.
A. far B. free C. different D. short
19. Thank you very much. It's ____ of you.
A. kindest B. a most kind C. the most kind D. most kind
20. Whoever is never _____ with the progress he has made will be a success.
A. content B. proud C. praised D. enough
21. My teacher has three brothers, all _____ than he. George, _____, is an officer.
A. elder, the eldest B. old, the oldest C. elder, the old one D. older, the
eldest
22. You shouldn't be too ___ about things you are not supposed to know.
A. strange B. amusing C. curious D. conscious
23. The new research team was led by the ____ engineer.
A. main B. major C. chief D. primary

24. These T-shirts are usually $$ 35 each but today they have a ___ price of $$19 in the
shopping centre.
A. regular B. special C. cheap D. particular
25. It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them_____.
A. properly B. repeatedly C. clearly D. usually
26. — Why did she spend so much time searching shop after shop for a blouse
— Oh, she was very ____ about her clothes,
A. special B. particular C. especial D. unusual
27. Football fans are _____ young people between the ages of fifteen and twenty.
A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most
28. It’s very _____ to let the old have seats on the bus.
A. thoughtful B. useful C. careful D. funny
29. — Mr. Zhang, can I talk to you ____ about my composition
— Sure. How about Thursday afternoon
A. somewhere B. somehow C. sometime D. sometimes
30. The early train is ____ to leave at five in the morning.
A. possible B. due C. probable D. sure
31. He enjoys a cup of coffee sometimes, but ____ he drinks tea.
A. most B. almost C. nearly D. mostly
32. It’s _____ necessary for people to know the importance of protecting all the
wildlife.
A. very B. rather C. quite D. too
33. These plastic flowers look so ___ that many people think they are real.
A. natural B. similar C. splendid D. fresh
34. — How can I get to the island
— You can' t get there ___ by swimming.
A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. less than
35. Of the two pictures, the left one looks ______ at a distance.
A. the better B. the best C. a little good D. better
36. If you wish to study hard, you must see films _____.
A. more often B. oftener C. less often D. fewer often
37. — Let's take a walk before lunch. — Oh, I think it's _____ for walking.
A. much too hot B. too much hot C. very much hot D. very much
heat
38. I bought a _____ table the day before yesterday.
A. small round wooden B. small wooden round
C. round wooden small D. round small wooden
39. It was a wonder that _____ little food saved _____ many lives during the war.
A. so, such B. such, so C. so, so D. such, such
40. Nurses are required to look after _____.
A. sick and wound B. sick and wounded
C. the sick and wound D. the sick and wounded
参考答案：
一、

。用a little表示“少许”。
。题意为“乘火车去那儿要花很长时间；乘汽车更快些。”
。题意为“假如没有考试的话，我们在学校就会更快乐。”暗含比较的意味，
故选D。
。题意为“你竟然被这么一个简单的花招所骗，真令我吃惊。”trick“计谋，花
招，诡计”。
。题意为“因为她不想花太多的钱买袋子，故挑了一个最便宜的。”
。表示“如此重的箱子”可以用“so heavy a box”或“such a heavy box”。
。两者中较好的一个应用the＋better。
。本题为“too...to” 结构；much too修饰形容词、副词，而 too much修饰
不可数名词或单独使用。
。the largest island in the world为Greenland的同位语。
。表示“身体健康的”用well。
。表示“令人感到恐怖的”，用frightening；表示“（人）感到恐怖的”，用
fright ened。。修饰look at用sadly；feel为系动词，用sad作表语。
。awake是形容词作宾补。
。quite a , quite some用以指人或物不寻常，如We had quite a party.（我们
的聚会不一般。）It must be quite some car.（那辆车可不比寻常。）
。指兄弟姐妹中“年长的、年龄较大的”用elder；而表示“年龄比……大”则用older。
。表示“象这么旧的邮票”可用以 下形式表达：as old a stamp as this； a stamp as
old as this； 否定句中前一个as可用so。
二、1-10: CCCAD BCDDB 11-20: ABADA BCADA
21-30: DCCBB BCACB 31-40: DCABA CAACD

形容词作后置定语的规律
< br>形容词作定语通常要位于所修饰的名词之前，但有时却要位于所修饰的名词之
后。主要见于以下情 况：
(1) 形容词短语作定语
I know an actor suitable for the part. 我认识一个适合扮演这个角色的演员。
A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. 一个如此难以取悦的人一
定不好共事。
(2) 表语形容词作定语
He spoke like a man afraid. 他说话时像是很害怕似的。
The house ablaze is next door to me. 那家着火的房子就在我隔壁。
(3) 形容词修饰不定代词
I would like to have something interesting to read. 我想找些有趣的东西来读。
Anyone intelligent can do it. 任何有头脑的人都能做这件事。
在以下情况，用作定语的形容词可以后置，也可以前置：
(1) 以-able和- ible结尾的形容词：可置于前有最高级形容词或only等词的名词
之后，如：
That is the only solution possible. 那是唯一可行的解决办法。
Please put your idea into the simplest language possible. 请用最简单的语言将你的
想法说出来。
(2) 某些成对的形容词
Visitors, old and young, were delighted. 不管老少，所有的参观者都很高兴。
There was a huge cupboard, simple and beautiful. 有一个大食橱，简朴而美观。
(3)形容词enough
There is time enough to take care of everything. 有时间足以料理一切。
We didn’t have time enough to finish the work. 我们当时没有足够的时间完成那
件工作
the+adj.的语法特点

1. 复数性
“the+形容词”表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时，通常表示复数意义， 若用作
主语，谓语要用复数。如：
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富，贫者愈贫。
The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了。
The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。
2. 单数性
“the+形容词”若表示抽象概念，则表示单数意义，用作主语时，谓语要用单数。
如：
He doesn’t know the right from the wrong. 他不辨是非。
The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的
东西。

The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是
善，善未必是真。
3. 单复性 < br>有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓
语动词用单 数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good 指“好人”时表复数意义，指
“善”时表单数意义；the accused 指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复
数意义。比较：
The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)
The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)
4. 习惯性
(1) 有的表达带有一定的习惯性，如“病人”习惯说成 the sick，而不说 the ill。
(2) 这类结构习惯上不用于-’s 所有格形式，若语义需要，可考虑用 of 所有格。
如：
正：He is interested in the problems of the poor. 他对穷人的问题感兴趣。
误：He is interested in the poor’s problems.
“the+形容词”结构可以省去冠词吗
“the + 形容词”这类结构中的定冠词通常不能省略，但是以下几种情况是例外：
1. 受数量词语修饰时省略定冠词
即其中的形容词受到表示数量的词以及 many, more 等修饰时，定冠词通常省
略。如：
Many sick are well cared for in hospitals. 许多病人在医院受到良好的照顾。
There are more unemployed than ever before. 现在失业的人比以往任何时候都
多。
2. 用于对称结构时省略定冠词
即用 and 或 or 连接成对称结构时，通常省略定冠词。如：
There are opportunities for both rich and poor. 穷人和富人都有机会。
Good and bad alike admired the baseball heroes. 不分好人和坏人，大家都钦佩那
些棒球英雄。
3. 用于并列结构时省略定冠词
对于两个由and 或 or 连接成的非对称结构，有时可将后面一个形容词前的定
冠词省略(也可以不省略)。如：
It was said that the hospital was full of the sick and (the) wounded. 据说医院里挤
满了伤病员。
We carried the dead and (the) wounded off the battlefield. 我们把伤亡者抬出了战
场。
4. 个别结构习惯上可省略冠词
在现代英语中，有个别的“the+形容词”结构在单独使用时也可省略冠词。如：
The number of unemployed is rising all the time. 失业人数在不断上升。
多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序

有时，一个名词前出现 有多个形容词作定语，这时，它们的顺序一般须根据它们
与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密切程度而定。在 通常情况下，它们的顺序为大致
遵循以下原则：

描绘形容词—大小(长短高低 )形容词—形状形容词—年龄(新旧)形容词—颜色形
容词—国籍形容词—材料形容词—用途(类别)形 容词—名词
I bought a nice(好看的) small(小小的) round(圆形的) new(新的) yellow(黄色的)
French (法国产的) oak(橡木做的) writing desk(写字台).
但是，以上情况并不绝对，例外的情 况是常有的，况且以上规则也不好记。下面
再介绍几条原则性的东西，供参考：
1. 总体描述在前，具体描述在后；
2. 主观描述在前，客观描述在后；
3. 普遍性描述在前，特殊性描述在后；
4. 音节少的词在前，音节多的词在后；
5. 与所修饰的名词关系不紧密的在前，关系紧密的在后。
注：有时，两个互补的形容词修饰同一个名词或代词，强调全部范围时，可用
and or连起来(如：old and young, long or short, male and female)放在名词或代词
的后面，并且名词与形容词之间常用逗号隔开。如：
Visitors, old and young,were delighted. 不管老少，所有的参观者都很高兴。
定语形容词和表语形容词

一般说来，形容 词既可作定语又可作表语，但是，有些形容词只用于名词前作定
语，它们被称为定语形容词，而另有一些 形容词则只用作表语，它们被称为表语
形容词。
1. 常见的定语形容词有elder(年岁较大的), eldest(最年长的), indoor (室内的),
outdoor(室外的), daily(每天的), everyday(每天的), weekly(每周的), monthly(每月
的), yearly(每后的), last(最后的), wooden(木制的), woolen(毛纺的)等。如：
I like wooden furniture. 我喜欢木制家具。
School is an everyday event for most children. 对大多数孩子来说，上学是每天都
要做的事。
2. 常见的表语形容词有afraid(害怕的), alike(相同的), alive(活着的), alone(单独
的), ashamed(羞愧的), asleep(睡着的), awake(醒着的), aware(意识到的), ill(有病
的), well(身体健康的), glad(高兴的), pleased(高兴的), sorry(难过的), content(满意
的), fond(喜欢的)等。如：
Is the baby still asleep 这个婴儿还在睡觉吗
My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。
We are not content with the present achievements. 我们不满足于目前的成就。
注意：
关于表语形容词和定语形容词的用法并不是绝对的，当它 们表示的意思发生变
化，其用法也可能随之变化，如 ill 表示“生病的”通常只用表语，但表示“坏的”
时，却通常只用作定语。

英语副词分类详解

一、时间副词
1. 常见的时间副词

常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early,
today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。
2. 时间副词在句中的位置
(1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：
He went home yesterday. Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于 句末或句
首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He went to Paris recently. He recently went to Paris. Recently he went to Paris.
最近他去了巴黎。
(2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词
be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He’s just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。
I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。
当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：
She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。
I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。
still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：
I still don’t understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。
另外，still 和already 还可位于句末，表示惊奇：
Are you on page one still 你还在看第1页
Is your mother back already 你妈妈就已经回来了

二、地点副词
1. 常见的地点副词
常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad,
indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。
2. 地点副词在句中的位置
地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副
词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：
Can you help to carry this table upstairs 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗
The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看
书。
三、方式副词
1. 方式副词的特点
方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully,
happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。
2. 方式副词在句中的位置
(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：
He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。
方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：
不可说：We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.)
但可说：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看
到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。

若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之
前：
He looked at me curiously. He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量着我。
He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. 他好奇地打量着从飞机上
走下来的每一个人。
(2) 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：
He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。
He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气，把信撕碎了。
(3) 有的方式副词(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly,
simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：
They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。
He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。
He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。
(4) 有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly 等)有时可位于句首，以达到
某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中)：
Suddenly, the driver started the engine. 突然地，司机启动了发动机。

四、频度副词
1. 频度副词的特点
频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often,
occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。
2. 频度副词在句中的位置
频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后：
He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。
He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。
有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：
She always was late. 她老是迟到。
有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时)：
I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。
We go out very seldom. 我们很少外出。
Do you go to the cinema very often 你常去看电影吗
有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首
(此时多半是因为强调或对比)：
Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。
Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。
【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序：
Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。
Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。
另外，频度副词always 和 never通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：
Always remember this. 时刻记住这一点。
Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。
3. 频度副词在否定句中的位置

在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有
的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually,
continuously，均含有“连续不断”之意)，而有的频度副词 却必须要位于否定词not
之前(如sometimes, frequently)：
He doesn’t usually come here. He usually doesn’t come here. 他通常不来这儿。
She doesn’t always come late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说 always doesn’t)
He is sometimes not responsible for what he does. 他有时对所做的事不负责任。

五、程度副词
1. 程度副词的特点
程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too,
greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。
2. 程度副词的用法注意点
(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather
等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)：
Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。
This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。
【注】quite 有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。
(2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty,
very等)则不能修饰动词：
I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
(3) 个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：
It’s quite [rather] a good idea. It’s a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。
若此结构中没有形容词，则 quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前：
It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功。

六、连接副词
1. 连接副词的分类
连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides,
otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一类是用于引导从句或
不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how 等。
2. 连接句子或从句的连接副词
其性质类似于并列连词，使 用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常
带有并列连词(如and)：
I don’t like it; besides, it’s too expensive. 我不喜欢它，而且也太贵了。
We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. We all tried our best. However,
we lost the game. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
注意 ，有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，
这类副词有的还可 位于句中或句末：
He may, however, come later. 不过，他也许一会儿就到。
We all tried out best. We lost the game, however. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过
我们还是输了。

Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides. 彼特是我们最小的
孩子，我们另外还有三个。

3. 引导从句和不定式的连接副词
用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how
等：
Tell me when we shall leave. Tell me when to leave. 告诉我什么时候离开。
I don’t know how I can find him. I don’t know how to find him. 我不知道如何找到
他。
Where we can get the money is just our problem. Where to get the money is just
our problem. 到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。
That’s why he speaks English so well. 那就是他为什么英语讲得这么好的原因。
【注】连接副词why 后不能接不定式，如可说 I don’t know why I must leave.(我
不知道我为什么必须离开)，但不能说 I don’t know why to leave。

七、关系副词
1. 关系副词的特点
关系副词用于引出定语从句，主要有when, where, why：
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日
子。
That’s the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜欢我的原因。
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals 你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗
【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when 表示
时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。
2. 使用关系副词的注意点
(1) how 不能用作关系副词，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way 后
表示方式：
他说话就是那个样子。
误：This is the way how he spoke.
正：This is how he spoke. This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.
(2) 关系副词wh en和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语
从句，但why只能引导限制性定语 从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非
限制性定语从句，可用for which reason)。
(3) 引导定语从句时，when 的先行词为时间，where的先行词为地点，why的
先行词为原因(主要是the reason)，但是反过来却不一定：
Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
This is the house (that) he bought recently. 这就是他最近买的那座房子。
Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。
八、疑问副词
1. 疑问副词的特点
疑问副词有when, where, why, how 等，用于引出特殊疑问句：
Where do you come from 你是哪里人
When will it be ready 这什么时候能准备好
Why was she crying 她刚才为什么哭

2. 两类易混句型的区别。请看以下两句：
Where do you think he has gone 你认为他去什么地方了
Do you know when he will come 你知道他什么时候来吗
上面第一句为特殊疑问句，第二句为一般疑问句，它们不能倒过来说成Do you
think where he has gone When do you know he will come 其区别是：可以用 yes
或 no 回答者，用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中，即主句之后)，适合这类
句型的主句动词通常有 know, hear, ask, tell 等；不能用 yes 或 no 回答者，用
特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首)，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think,
believe, suppose, guess 等。
3. 使用疑问副词的注意点
(1) 疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定：
Without friends where are we 没有朋友我们会怎样
(2) 疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：
Why argue with him 为什么要与跟他争吵
Why not ask the teacher Why don’t you ask the teacher 为什么不问问老师呢
【注】Why 或Why not后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，
不用于过去，如不说 why not tell me yesterday应改为Why didn’t you tell me
yesterday(昨天为什么不告诉我)
(3) 有时两个疑问副词连用：
When and where were you born 你生于何时何地

九、句子副词
1. 句子副词的特点
句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如
actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily,
obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。
2. 句子副词在句中的位置
句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)：
Obviously he can’t tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。
I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了，幸而会议推迟
了。
但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中：
He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn’t. 他发出狞笑，他显然知道
一些我所不知道的事。
有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：
Clearly he didn’t say so. 显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)
He didn’t say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)
Frankly, you are wrong. 说实在的，你错了。(句子副词)
He spoke frankly about his past life. 他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)

有的与形容词同形的副词与以- ly结尾的副词意义差别不是很大。我们可从以下
几个方面来区分：
位置不同：在动词之前或句首通常只用ly副词。如：
He slowly drove the car into the garage.他把车慢慢地开进车库。

Quickly everybody stood up.大家很快地站起来。
但在动词后，两种副词都可用。如：
He drives slowslowly.他的车开得很慢。
He sold it cheapcheaply.他将它便宜卖了。
(2)含义不同：与形容词同形的副词通常指具体情况，而-ly副词多指抽象概念。
请比较：
He is sitting close to me.他就坐在我边上(from 。
Watch closely what I do.仔细瞧我怎么做的。
I went deep into the woods.我深入到树林中。
Her story moved me deeply.她的故事使我深受感动。
The plane was flying high.这架飞机飞得很高。
He think highly of your work.他对你的工作评价很高。
He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。
English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。
(3)习惯搭配不同。如(from ：
1. 在stand firm(站稳)和hold firm(固守)中不用firmly。
2. 在fair and square(正大光明地)和play fair(公平办事)中不用fairly。
3. 在take it easy(别着急), go easy(从容不迫), easier said than done(说来容易做来
难), easy come, easy go(易得则易失)等中不用easily。
4. 在sound asleep(熟睡), wide open(完全开着), wide awake(完全醒了)中不用
soundly或widely。
有些形容词变为副词时，可在词尾加- ly，也可以不加，两者在含义和用法上有相
同之处，也有不同之处：

1. bright 与brightly的用法区别
两者都可表示“明亮地”，但bright通常只与s hine连用，且应置于其后，而brightly
则可与其他动词(或分词等)连用，且可置于动词之 前或之后：
The stars were shining bright [brightly]. 星光灿烂。
The temple is brightly painted. 这座庙被漆得亮堂堂的。

2. cheap 与cheaply的用法区别
两者均可表示“便宜地”、“廉价地”，但前者主要与表示“买”(如buy, get, pick up等)
或“卖”(如sell)之类的动词连用，且置于其后；后者用法较广，可置于动词之前或之后：
The radio was cheaply bought [was bought cheap]. 这收音机买得很便宜。
The room was cheaply furnished. 屋里配置了便宜的家具。

3. clear与clearly的用法区别
两者均可表示“清晰地”、“不模糊地”，有时可换用，但是 若其前有修饰语，则只
能用clearly：
He spoke loud(ly) and clear(ly). 他说得既宏亮又清楚。
He spoke quite [very] clearly. 他说得很清楚。

4. deep与deeply的用法区别

两者均可表示“深”、“深深地”，修饰具体的动作, 有时可互换：
The doctor asked me to breathe deep [deeply]. 医生叫我做深呼吸。
修饰静止状态、介词短语或表示深夜等，通常用deep(偶尔也用deeply)：
He sat there deep in thought. 他坐在那儿深思。
The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议一直开到深夜。
Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱
着。
修饰带有感情色彩的动词(如 hate, dislike, love, admire, hurt, regret 等)，通常要
用 deeply，另外，修饰形容词、过去分词等，一般也要用 deeply：
He deeply hates fish. 他很不喜欢吃鱼。
We deeply regret your misfortune. 我们对你的不幸深表遗憾。
I am deeply grateful to you. 我衷心感谢你。
He was deeply moved by [at] the story. 听了这个故事，他深受感动。
5. direct 与directly的用法区别
两者均可表示“径直地”、“直接地”，但direct 通常只位于动词之后，而 directly 则
可位于动词之前或之后：
We flew direct [directly] to Paris. 我们直飞巴黎。
You’d better write direct [directly] to her. 你最好直接给她写信。
His speech directly affected the strike. 他的演讲直接影响了罢工。

6. easy与easily的用法区别
easy用作副词通常只用于某些特定的表达中：
Take it [things] easy. 别着急(慢慢来)。
Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。
Easier said than done. 说来容易做来难。
而easily 的用法则很广，除表示“容易地”、“轻而易举地”外， 还可表示“无疑地”、
“可能地”，可用于动词之前或之后：
I can easily finish the work. 我可以毫不费力地完成这工作。
She is easily the cleverest girl in the class. 她无疑是这个班最聪明的女孩。

7. firm 与firmly的用法区别
firm 用作副词的用法十分有限，通常只能与 stand, hold, stay 等少数动词连用，
且位于动词之后；而firmly 的用法则十分广泛，且可位于动词之前或之后：
Always hold firm to your beliefs. 一定要坚守信仰。
They stood firm against the war. 他们坚决反对战争。
I firmly believe that it is true. 我坚信那是真的。
The fence posts were fixed firmly in the ground. 栅栏的立柱牢牢地固定在地上。
【注】hold firmly 通常用于本义，指“紧紧握住”；而 hold firm 则通常用于引申
义，指“坚持(原则、理想、信仰等)”。

8. free 与freely的用法区别
free用作副词意为“免费地”、“松动地”，总是位于动词之后；fr eely的意思很多，
可以表示“自由地”，“随便地”，“无限制地”，“心甘情愿地”，“慷慨地” 等，可位
于动词之前或之后：

Children are admitted free. 儿童免费入场。
You may speak freely. 你可以直言。
I freely admit that I made a mistake. 我心甘情愿承认我弄错了。
9. high与highly的用法区别
两者均可表示“高”，但high通常表示具体的高，且主要修饰动词；highly 主要表
示很高的程度(意为“高度地”、“非常地”)，除修饰动词(如 speak, praise, think of
等)外，还通常用于修饰分词或形容词(尤其是那些由动词派生而来的形容词, 有
时相当于 very much)：
He climbed high. 他爬得很高。
He speaks very highly of you. 他十分赞赏你。
His report is highly scientific. 他的报告是很科学的。
She is a highly educated woman. 她是受过很高教育的女人。
【注】在用连字符构成的复合形容词中，通常要用 high：high-priced 高价的

10. quick与quickly的用法区别
两者均可表示“快”，在口语 中，一般多用quick(尤其在需要用比较级或最高级时)，
并且总是放在动词之后；若放在动词之前 ，一般用quickly：
Come quick(ly). There’s been an accident. 快来，出事故了。
You get there quicker by bus. 你坐汽车去那儿会快一些。
He quickly changed his clothes. 他迅速地换了衣服。

11. slow 与slowly的用法区别
两者都可表示“慢”，但slow通常只与少数动词(如 go, drive, pass, climb, run, walk
等)连用，且应置于其后；而slowly则用法较广，且可置于 动词之前或之后，有
时还可置于句首：
He walked slowly [slow] up the path. 他沿着那条小路慢慢地走着。
She slowly opened the door. 她慢慢地把门打开。
Slowly, things began to improve. 情况渐渐有了好转。
【注】在某些特殊句型(如感叹句等)中，slow也可放在主语之前：
How slow [slowly] the time passes! 时间过得真慢!
The slower you drive, the safer you are. 车开得越慢就越安全。

12. tight与tightly的用法区别
两者均可表示“紧紧地”，但tight通 常只用于动词之后，而tightly则可用于动词
之前或之后：
Please hold it tight [tightly]. 请紧紧握住它。
We were tightly packed in the bus. 我们在公共汽车里紧紧地挤在一起。
高中英语语法练习- 形容词和副词
一、基础练习
1. If I had＿＿＿, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.
A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
2. These oranges taste＿＿＿. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard＿＿＿.

A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice
4. I’d be＿＿＿, if you could give me an early reply.
A. pleasant B. grateful C. satisfied D. helpful
5. Those T-shirts are usually ＄35 each, but today they have a (an)＿＿＿price of
＄19 in the shopping center.
A. regular B. special C. cheap D. ordinary
6. Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife.
A. small black leather B. black leather small C. small leather black D. black small
leather
7. —— How was your job interview
—— Oh, I couldn’t feel＿＿＿. I hardly found proper answers to most of the
questions they asked.
A. better B. easier C. worse D. happier
8. Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think＿＿
＿＿＿
A. tastes best B. smells most C. sounds best D. drinks mostly
9. —— Can Li Hua help me with my English
—— I regret to tell you her English is＿＿＿＿＿yours.
A. as good as B. no more than C. no better than D. as much as
10. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him＿＿＿＿＿for it.
A. not so much B. not so little C. no more D. no less
11. When they came in, Mr Harris＿＿＿＿＿＿like a baby.
Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.
A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep C. got asleep D. went to sleep
12. This year they have produced＿＿＿ grain ＿＿＿they did last year.
A. as less； as B. as few； as C. less； than D. fewer； than
13. —— Can I help you
—— Well, I’m afraid the box is＿＿＿heavy for you,but thank you all the same.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
14. —— How did you find your visit to the museum
—— I thoroughly enjoy it. It was＿＿＿＿＿than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so far interesting D. a lot much interesting
15. —— Would you like some wine—— Yes, just＿＿＿＿＿.
A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit
16. It takes a long time to go there by train； it’s ＿＿＿＿by road.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
17. If there were no examinations, we should have＿＿＿at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much
happier time
18. I’m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.
A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple
19. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose＿＿＿one as she didn’t
want to spend too much money on it.

A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive
20. ＿＿＿＿＿box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.
A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a
21. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ＿＿＿
choice.
A. good B. the best C. better D. the better
22. It was＿＿＿＿＿late to catch a bus after the party, there fore we called a taxi.
A. too very too C. too much D. far
23. Greenland, ＿＿＿＿＿island in the world, covers even two million square
kilometers.
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest
24. —— Mum, I think I’m ＿＿＿＿＿ to get back to school.
—— Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough
25. Dracula and Frankenstein are＿＿＿＿＿film characters.
A. frighten B. frightened C. frightening D. frightenly
26. When they heard the bad news, they all looked＿＿at the master and felt quite
＿＿.
A. sad； sad B. sadly； sadly C. sad； sadly D. sadly； sad
27. The storm kept me＿＿＿＿＿all through the night.
A. awake B. awoke C. awaked
28. —— What do you think of the concert—— Oh, it was＿＿＿＿＿success.
A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really
29. My＿＿＿＿＿brother is two years＿＿＿＿＿than I.
A. older； older B. elder； older C. older； elder D. elder； elder
30. I haven’t seen＿＿＿＿＿this since I collected stamps.
A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp as
二、提高练习
1. To plant the tree, we must dig _____.
A. a three feet deep hole B. three-foot-deep a hole
C. a hole three feet deep D. a three-feet-deep hole
2. I think he is one of the best men you've ____ found.
A, never B. already C. ever D. once
3. ____ the boy’s grown! He is almost ___ his father.
A. What, as tall as B. What, taller than C. How, as tall as D. How, taller
than
4. I haven’t got ____ nails to mend the cupboard. I need another three of them.
A. enough big B. big enough C. much bigger D. many enough
5. Henry knows little of physics _________ of chemistry.
A. as well as B. no less than C. and still more D. and still less
6. — The dish is delicious!
— Well, at least it's ___ the one I cooked yesterday.
A. as bad as B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than
7. — Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic

— Yes. You couldn't hope for ____ at this time of the year.
A. a nice day B. the nice day C. a nicer day D. the nicest day
8. It makes Thomas no better, and it makes you ____
A. best B. good C. well D. worse
9. With the help of the new equipment, our factories produced ___ VCD players in
2000 as the year before.
A. as many as twice B. twice more than C. as twice many D. twice as
many
10. I had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice ____ came.
A. more than B. as many C. as much D. less than
11. — Why didn't you go to the cinema last night
— It was something ____ interesting.
A. far less B. more or less C. much more D. any further
12. The population of many Alaskan cities has _____ doubled in the past five years.
A. larger than B. more than C. as greatly as D. as much as
13. — This is a good place for a picnic.
— Yes, it couldn't be ____ .
A. better B. best C. worst D. worse
14. — How do you like your teacher of English
— Well, no one teaches _____ here.
A. well B. poorly C. best D. better
15. In the poor parts of America's big cities there is a lot of crime, _____ .
A. and much of it is serious B. much of it is serious
C. and many more is serious D. more of it is serious
16. — Do you like cats
— Of course. They are ____ a kind of pet. They can do much good for their masters.
A. better than B. more than C. no more than D. no better than
17. The newly-built theatre is ____ the old one.
A. as twice big as B. twice more bigger than
C. twice the size of D. twice so big as
18. I'm afraid that your conclusion is ____ from correct.
A. far B. free C. different D. short
19. Thank you very much. It's ____ of you.
A. kindest B. a most kind C. the most kind D. most kind
20. Whoever is never _____ with the progress he has made will be a success.
A. content B. proud C. praised D. enough
21. My teacher has three brothers, all _____ than he. George, _____, is an officer.
A. elder, the eldest B. old, the oldest C. elder, the old one D. older, the
eldest
22. You shouldn't be too ___ about things you are not supposed to know.
A. strange B. amusing C. curious D. conscious
23. The new research team was led by the ____ engineer.
A. main B. major C. chief D. primary

24. These T-shirts are usually $$ 35 each but today they have a ___ price of $$19 in the
shopping centre.
A. regular B. special C. cheap D. particular
25. It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them_____.
A. properly B. repeatedly C. clearly D. usually
26. — Why did she spend so much time searching shop after shop for a blouse
— Oh, she was very ____ about her clothes,
A. special B. particular C. especial D. unusual
27. Football fans are _____ young people between the ages of fifteen and twenty.
A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most
28. It’s very _____ to let the old have seats on the bus.
A. thoughtful B. useful C. careful D. funny
29. — Mr. Zhang, can I talk to you ____ about my composition
— Sure. How about Thursday afternoon
A. somewhere B. somehow C. sometime D. sometimes
30. The early train is ____ to leave at five in the morning.
A. possible B. due C. probable D. sure
31. He enjoys a cup of coffee sometimes, but ____ he drinks tea.
A. most B. almost C. nearly D. mostly
32. It’s _____ necessary for people to know the importance of protecting all the
wildlife.
A. very B. rather C. quite D. too
33. These plastic flowers look so ___ that many people think they are real.
A. natural B. similar C. splendid D. fresh
34. — How can I get to the island
— You can' t get there ___ by swimming.
A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. less than
35. Of the two pictures, the left one looks ______ at a distance.
A. the better B. the best C. a little good D. better
36. If you wish to study hard, you must see films _____.
A. more often B. oftener C. less often D. fewer often
37. — Let's take a walk before lunch. — Oh, I think it's _____ for walking.
A. much too hot B. too much hot C. very much hot D. very much
heat
38. I bought a _____ table the day before yesterday.
A. small round wooden B. small wooden round
C. round wooden small D. round small wooden
39. It was a wonder that _____ little food saved _____ many lives during the war.
A. so, such B. such, so C. so, so D. such, such
40. Nurses are required to look after _____.
A. sick and wound B. sick and wounded
C. the sick and wound D. the sick and wounded
参考答案：
一、

。用a little表示“少许”。
。题意为“乘火车去那儿要花很长时间；乘汽车更快些。”
。题意为“假如没有考试的话，我们在学校就会更快乐。”暗含比较的意味，
故选D。
。题意为“你竟然被这么一个简单的花招所骗，真令我吃惊。”trick“计谋，花
招，诡计”。
。题意为“因为她不想花太多的钱买袋子，故挑了一个最便宜的。”
。表示“如此重的箱子”可以用“so heavy a box”或“such a heavy box”。
。两者中较好的一个应用the＋better。
。本题为“too...to” 结构；much too修饰形容词、副词，而 too much修饰
不可数名词或单独使用。
。the largest island in the world为Greenland的同位语。
。表示“身体健康的”用well。
。表示“令人感到恐怖的”，用frightening；表示“（人）感到恐怖的”，用
fright ened。。修饰look at用sadly；feel为系动词，用sad作表语。
。awake是形容词作宾补。
。quite a , quite some用以指人或物不寻常，如We had quite a party.（我们
的聚会不一般。）It must be quite some car.（那辆车可不比寻常。）
。指兄弟姐妹中“年长的、年龄较大的”用elder；而表示“年龄比……大”则用older。
。表示“象这么旧的邮票”可用以 下形式表达：as old a stamp as this； a stamp as
old as this； 否定句中前一个as可用so。
二、1-10: CCCAD BCDDB 11-20: ABADA BCADA
21-30: DCCBB BCACB 31-40: DCABA CAACD