动词不定式专题：不带to不定式的十八种情况
南洋中学-庆祝元旦
不带to不定式的十八种情况
动词不定式通常带有符号to，叫做带to的动词不定式(infinitive with
，
动词不定式有时不带符号to，叫做不带to的动词不定式(infinitive without
不带to的动词不定式通常有下面十八种情况：
一、与助动词do连用构成谓语动词的否定、疑问和强调形式。
(1)He does not
work in the factory.他不在这家工厂上班。
(2)Does she
work here？她在这儿上班吗？
(3)I did not see her
yesterday.我昨天没有看见她。
(4)Did they take you
home?他们把你送回家了吗？
(5)He does look
tired.他看上去的确累了。
(6)They did come
yesterday.他们昨天确实来了。
二、与情态动词连用构成复合谓语
(1)I can speak English.我会说英语。
(2)May I
come in?我能进来吗？
(3)Dare he swim across the
river? 他敢游过这条河吗？
(4)We must work, and above
all we must believe in
ourselves.我们必须工作，首
先我们要信得过自己。
(5)Could you
do something for me? 你能为我做点事吗？
(6)You shall go
at once.你得马上走。
(7)He might be working in the
office now. 他这会儿可能正在上班。
(8)I don't think you
need have come yesterday. 我觉得你昨天没必要来。
(9)They
should be here by now. 他们这会儿应该到了。
(10)If you
will go into the fields and turn over a few big
stones, you are sure to
uncover a city of ant
如果你愿意去田间掀开几块大石头，你肯定能
发现一个“义民城”。
但与情态动词ought(to)连用时通常带to，和used(to)连用时必须带to
三、在表示感觉的动词如：see, look at, watch, hear, listen to,
feel, notice,
observe, perceive(觉察，看见),behold（
书面用语“见到”）等后用作宾语补足语
的动词不定。
(1)I saw her
cross the street.我看见她过了大街。
(2)He looked at the
children walk up the hill. 他看着孩子们上了山。
(3)I
watched the boy cross the road.我看到那男孩过了马路。
(4)I heard her play the piano.我听见她弹钢琴了。
(5)He listened to us talk.他听我们说话。
(6)I
felt the floor move.我感到地板动了。
(7)I didn’t
notice you enter.我没注意到你进来。
(8)He observed
someone open the door.他注意到有人把门打开。
(9)I
did not perceive anyone come in.我没察觉有人进来。
(10)He beheld her go out.他见她出去了。
但除notice,
watch不用被动语态外，上述动词变成被动语态时，其后的动
词不定式就不省to
(1)She was seen to cross street.有人看见她过了马路。
(2)She was heard to play the piano.有人听见她弹钢琴。
四、使役动词make, let, have, bid,
leave(=let)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式
不带to
(1)You may
take a horse to the water, but you can't make him
drink.马到河边是
小事，让它喝水难上难。
(2)I'll let him do
it.我会让他做这事的。
(3)Don't forget to have them
come.别忘了让他们来。
(4)Bid him go home.吩咐他回家。
(5)Leave him go.让他走。
动词have通常不用于被动语态，make和
bid可用于被动语态，let偶尔也
可用于被动态，用作主语补足语的动词不定式通常带to，但在m
ake和let后
有时可以不带to
(1)John was made to wash
the truck for a week as a
punishment.约翰被罚洗一
个礼拜的卡车。
(2)He was
made(to) laugh.他被逗笑了。
(3)The child was let(to)
do it.这个孩子被迫做这事。
五、never与know连用其后作宾语补足语的动词
不定式可省to，其时态
多为完成时态。(1)I never knew him act
without thinking. 我从来不知道他那么
莽撞。
(2)I've
never known it snow in July before. 我以前从来不知道七月会下雪。
(3)I had never known her ask for pity
before.我以前不知道她会乞求怜悯。
有时ever与known连用也有上述用法。
(1)Have you ever known me tell a lie?你知道我撒过谎吗？
六、在find后作宾语补定语的动词不定式有时可以省to，但如动词为be，
那么
一般不省to，要省一起省略
(1)We found the farm crops(to)
do well.我们发现这个农场庄稼长势很好。
(2)I find the Chinese
people to be happy and cheerful.我发现中国人很快乐。
(3)I found this to be true in all the cities.
关于这一点，我发现每个城市都是如
此。
(4)We found him (to be)
honestdishonest. 我们发现他诚实（不诚实）。
七、在cannot
but, cannot help but, can not choose but,
had
better(best),would(had) rather(sooner)…than…,
would as soon…as…后的动词不定一般不带to
(1)When the
country calls you for help, you cannot but
go.当国家需要你的时
候，你别无选择。
(2)He can't
help but feel sorry for her.他禁不住为她感到遗憾。
(3)He
cannot choose but obey.他只有服从的份儿。
(4)I had
better leave now, or I'll be late. 我最好现在就走，不然就晚了。
(5)He had best buy it now while it is still
available.趁现在还有，他最好买了。
(6)I would rather go
mountain-climbing than just take a
walk.他宁肯去爬山也
不愿散步。
(7)My aunt invited me to
the movies, but I said I had rather go on a picnic
with the
girls. 姨妈请我看电影，可我说我想陪女生去野餐。
(8)I
had sooner live on a farm than in the
city.我宁肯住在农场也不愿住在城
市。
(9)He would sooner
resign than take part in such dishonest business
deeds.他宁
肯放弃也不愿参与这么虚伪的事情。
(10)I'd rather
not tell you.我宁肯不告诉你。
(11)He said he'd sooner
die than betray his friend. 他说死也不愿出卖朋友。
八、在but(=except),besides,
than后的动词不定式一般要带to，但如果其
前有作谓语的实义动词do，则不定式不带to
(1)The soldier has no choice but to obey.
士兵只能服从。
(2)He did not have any choice but to
obey. 他只有服从。
(3)She did nothing but clean the
dishes.她只洗盘子。
(4)The children found there was
nothing they could do with their money, except
spend it on sweets.孩子们发现他们的钱只能买些糖果。
(5)There seemed nothing else to do but(to)send
for a doctor.好像只能请大夫
了。
(but前的实义动词do不作谓语，but后的不定式可带to，也可不带to)
(6)He
did nothing else than laugh.他只好笑了。
(7)I could
hardly do less than wait.我只好等待。
九、不定式作表语时，如
主语部分含有实义动词do，且句子的时态为一般
现在时或一般过去时(多为is或was)，不定式可
以带to也可不带to
(1)What we must do now is (to) find
anther person to help us.我们这会儿要做
的就是再找个人帮我们。
(2)All he could do was (to) rush into the
room.他所能做的就是冲进房间。
如句子的动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，作表语的动词不定式一般
要带to
(1)She knew that all she would have to do
would be to stop crying.她知道她只
有停止哭泣。
十、rather than位于句首时，其后用不带to的不定式，但rather
than在句
中时，其后的动词不定式可以带to，也可以不带to
(1)Rather
than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to
ride a bicycle.他总是
喜欢骑自行车，而不愿去挤公交车。
(2)Rather than cause trouble, he
left.不愿惹麻烦，他就离开了。
(3)He prefers to rent a car
rather than (to) have one of his
own.他喜欢租车不想
买车。
十一、在动词help后作宾语补足语的动词不定式可
以带to，也可以不带，
在英国英语中，多用不带to的不定式，但在英国英语中，help+宾语+不
定式
结构中，用不带to的不定式表示主语直接参与不定式的表示的动作，用带to
的不定式表
示主语没有直接参与不定式的表示的动作。
(1)He helped me repair the
bicycle.他帮我修了自行车。
(2)He helped me to repair
the bicycle.他帮我修了自行车。
(3)This kind of soap
helps us to wash the clothes more
easily.这种肥皂让我们
的衣服更好洗。
(4)The book will
help you to study English. 这本书对你学英语有帮助。
但在被动语态中，help后的不定式要带to
She was helped to
repair her bicycle. 有人帮她修自行车。
在help(to) do
sth不定式符号to可省略。
He helped (to) repair the
machine.他帮忙修这台机器。
十二、两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，
后面的不定式一般省去to
(1)Her job is to take care of the children and
wash clothes. 她的工作是照料小
孩和洗衣服。
(2)The girl
doesn't know how to read and write.这个女孩是个文盲。
但如果是在对照场合，则不省去to
(1)It is better to laugh
than to cry.笑比哭好。
(2)The purpose of new
technologies is to make life easier, not to make
it more
difficult.新技术的目的是让生活更加便利，而不是更难。
十三、than连接两个动词不定式没有对比关系时，后一个不定式可以省to
(1)You
might do worse than (to) do as he does. 你可能没他做得好。
(2)I cannot do better than (to)get away for
the few days.我最好离开一些日子。
下面句子中than连接的不是两个动词不定式than后的动词不定式通常要
带to
(1)I know better than to believe him.
我知道要相信他的话。
(2)The beaten enemy had no choice
than to surrender.遭受打击的敌人只好投
降。
下句中的more than(=only)可以看成复合副词，后面的动词不定式不带to
(1)I
did not more than make a beginning.我才刚刚开始。
十四、在why, why not后的不定式不带to
(1)Why spend such a
lot of money?为啥花这么多钱？
(2)Why not join
us?为什么不跟我们一块儿干？
(3)Why don't you
smoke?你为什么不抽烟？
十五、实义动词dare在现代英语口语中，其所在的否定句
或疑问句中，
它后的动词不定式可省to，尤其在一般过去时中
(1)Does he
dare go?他敢去吗？
(2)We do not dare speak.我们不敢说话。
(3)He did not dare go.他不敢去。
(4)Did he dare
go?他敢去吗？
(5)He dared go.他敢去。
(6)Dared he
go?他敢去吗？
(7)He knew she dared not open his
mouth.他清楚她不敢弄开他的嘴。
十六、在口语中，特别是在美国，祈使语气谓语动词和构成
谓语的不定式
go后面的不定式往往不带to
(1)Go ask her.去问问她。
(2)I'll go see my brother.我要去看看弟弟。
这种用法在英国口语中比较少见，一般在动词go后用连词and
(1)Go and
ask her.去问她。
(2)I'll go and see my
brother.我要看弟弟。
十七、在you please…?和would you
please…? 句型中，要用不带to
的不定式。
(1)Will you
please give the note to Tom? 请你把这个条子给汤姆好吗？
(2)Will you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗？
(3)Would you please give me a hand? 请你帮我一下好吗？
十八、Better+动原(口语中用)
(1)Better ask the
way than go astray.问路总比迷路好。
(2)Better go at
once. 最后马上动身。
不带to不定式的十八种情况
动词不定式通常带有符号to，叫做带to的动词不定式(infinitive with
，
动词不定式有时不带符号to，叫做不带to的动词不定式(infinitive without
不带to的动词不定式通常有下面十八种情况：
一、与助动词do连用构成谓语动词的否定、疑问和强调形式。
(1)He does not
work in the factory.他不在这家工厂上班。
(2)Does she
work here？她在这儿上班吗？
(3)I did not see her
yesterday.我昨天没有看见她。
(4)Did they take you
home?他们把你送回家了吗？
(5)He does look
tired.他看上去的确累了。
(6)They did come
yesterday.他们昨天确实来了。
二、与情态动词连用构成复合谓语
(1)I can speak English.我会说英语。
(2)May I
come in?我能进来吗？
(3)Dare he swim across the
river? 他敢游过这条河吗？
(4)We must work, and above
all we must believe in
ourselves.我们必须工作，首
先我们要信得过自己。
(5)Could you
do something for me? 你能为我做点事吗？
(6)You shall go
at once.你得马上走。
(7)He might be working in the
office now. 他这会儿可能正在上班。
(8)I don't think you
need have come yesterday. 我觉得你昨天没必要来。
(9)They
should be here by now. 他们这会儿应该到了。
(10)If you
will go into the fields and turn over a few big
stones, you are sure to
uncover a city of ant
如果你愿意去田间掀开几块大石头，你肯定能
发现一个“义民城”。
但与情态动词ought(to)连用时通常带to，和used(to)连用时必须带to
三、在表示感觉的动词如：see, look at, watch, hear, listen to,
feel, notice,
observe, perceive(觉察，看见),behold（
书面用语“见到”）等后用作宾语补足语
的动词不定。
(1)I saw her
cross the street.我看见她过了大街。
(2)He looked at the
children walk up the hill. 他看着孩子们上了山。
(3)I
watched the boy cross the road.我看到那男孩过了马路。
(4)I heard her play the piano.我听见她弹钢琴了。
(5)He listened to us talk.他听我们说话。
(6)I
felt the floor move.我感到地板动了。
(7)I didn’t
notice you enter.我没注意到你进来。
(8)He observed
someone open the door.他注意到有人把门打开。
(9)I
did not perceive anyone come in.我没察觉有人进来。
(10)He beheld her go out.他见她出去了。
但除notice,
watch不用被动语态外，上述动词变成被动语态时，其后的动
词不定式就不省to
(1)She was seen to cross street.有人看见她过了马路。
(2)She was heard to play the piano.有人听见她弹钢琴。
四、使役动词make, let, have, bid,
leave(=let)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式
不带to
(1)You may
take a horse to the water, but you can't make him
drink.马到河边是
小事，让它喝水难上难。
(2)I'll let him do
it.我会让他做这事的。
(3)Don't forget to have them
come.别忘了让他们来。
(4)Bid him go home.吩咐他回家。
(5)Leave him go.让他走。
动词have通常不用于被动语态，make和
bid可用于被动语态，let偶尔也
可用于被动态，用作主语补足语的动词不定式通常带to，但在m
ake和let后
有时可以不带to
(1)John was made to wash
the truck for a week as a
punishment.约翰被罚洗一
个礼拜的卡车。
(2)He was
made(to) laugh.他被逗笑了。
(3)The child was let(to)
do it.这个孩子被迫做这事。
五、never与know连用其后作宾语补足语的动词
不定式可省to，其时态
多为完成时态。(1)I never knew him act
without thinking. 我从来不知道他那么
莽撞。
(2)I've
never known it snow in July before. 我以前从来不知道七月会下雪。
(3)I had never known her ask for pity
before.我以前不知道她会乞求怜悯。
有时ever与known连用也有上述用法。
(1)Have you ever known me tell a lie?你知道我撒过谎吗？
六、在find后作宾语补定语的动词不定式有时可以省to，但如动词为be，
那么
一般不省to，要省一起省略
(1)We found the farm crops(to)
do well.我们发现这个农场庄稼长势很好。
(2)I find the Chinese
people to be happy and cheerful.我发现中国人很快乐。
(3)I found this to be true in all the cities.
关于这一点，我发现每个城市都是如
此。
(4)We found him (to be)
honestdishonest. 我们发现他诚实（不诚实）。
七、在cannot
but, cannot help but, can not choose but,
had
better(best),would(had) rather(sooner)…than…,
would as soon…as…后的动词不定一般不带to
(1)When the
country calls you for help, you cannot but
go.当国家需要你的时
候，你别无选择。
(2)He can't
help but feel sorry for her.他禁不住为她感到遗憾。
(3)He
cannot choose but obey.他只有服从的份儿。
(4)I had
better leave now, or I'll be late. 我最好现在就走，不然就晚了。
(5)He had best buy it now while it is still
available.趁现在还有，他最好买了。
(6)I would rather go
mountain-climbing than just take a
walk.他宁肯去爬山也
不愿散步。
(7)My aunt invited me to
the movies, but I said I had rather go on a picnic
with the
girls. 姨妈请我看电影，可我说我想陪女生去野餐。
(8)I
had sooner live on a farm than in the
city.我宁肯住在农场也不愿住在城
市。
(9)He would sooner
resign than take part in such dishonest business
deeds.他宁
肯放弃也不愿参与这么虚伪的事情。
(10)I'd rather
not tell you.我宁肯不告诉你。
(11)He said he'd sooner
die than betray his friend. 他说死也不愿出卖朋友。
八、在but(=except),besides,
than后的动词不定式一般要带to，但如果其
前有作谓语的实义动词do，则不定式不带to
(1)The soldier has no choice but to obey.
士兵只能服从。
(2)He did not have any choice but to
obey. 他只有服从。
(3)She did nothing but clean the
dishes.她只洗盘子。
(4)The children found there was
nothing they could do with their money, except
spend it on sweets.孩子们发现他们的钱只能买些糖果。
(5)There seemed nothing else to do but(to)send
for a doctor.好像只能请大夫
了。
(but前的实义动词do不作谓语，but后的不定式可带to，也可不带to)
(6)He
did nothing else than laugh.他只好笑了。
(7)I could
hardly do less than wait.我只好等待。
九、不定式作表语时，如
主语部分含有实义动词do，且句子的时态为一般
现在时或一般过去时(多为is或was)，不定式可
以带to也可不带to
(1)What we must do now is (to) find
anther person to help us.我们这会儿要做
的就是再找个人帮我们。
(2)All he could do was (to) rush into the
room.他所能做的就是冲进房间。
如句子的动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，作表语的动词不定式一般
要带to
(1)She knew that all she would have to do
would be to stop crying.她知道她只
有停止哭泣。
十、rather than位于句首时，其后用不带to的不定式，但rather
than在句
中时，其后的动词不定式可以带to，也可以不带to
(1)Rather
than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to
ride a bicycle.他总是
喜欢骑自行车，而不愿去挤公交车。
(2)Rather than cause trouble, he
left.不愿惹麻烦，他就离开了。
(3)He prefers to rent a car
rather than (to) have one of his
own.他喜欢租车不想
买车。
十一、在动词help后作宾语补足语的动词不定式可
以带to，也可以不带，
在英国英语中，多用不带to的不定式，但在英国英语中，help+宾语+不
定式
结构中，用不带to的不定式表示主语直接参与不定式的表示的动作，用带to
的不定式表
示主语没有直接参与不定式的表示的动作。
(1)He helped me repair the
bicycle.他帮我修了自行车。
(2)He helped me to repair
the bicycle.他帮我修了自行车。
(3)This kind of soap
helps us to wash the clothes more
easily.这种肥皂让我们
的衣服更好洗。
(4)The book will
help you to study English. 这本书对你学英语有帮助。
但在被动语态中，help后的不定式要带to
She was helped to
repair her bicycle. 有人帮她修自行车。
在help(to) do
sth不定式符号to可省略。
He helped (to) repair the
machine.他帮忙修这台机器。
十二、两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，
后面的不定式一般省去to
(1)Her job is to take care of the children and
wash clothes. 她的工作是照料小
孩和洗衣服。
(2)The girl
doesn't know how to read and write.这个女孩是个文盲。
但如果是在对照场合，则不省去to
(1)It is better to laugh
than to cry.笑比哭好。
(2)The purpose of new
technologies is to make life easier, not to make
it more
difficult.新技术的目的是让生活更加便利，而不是更难。
十三、than连接两个动词不定式没有对比关系时，后一个不定式可以省to
(1)You
might do worse than (to) do as he does. 你可能没他做得好。
(2)I cannot do better than (to)get away for
the few days.我最好离开一些日子。
下面句子中than连接的不是两个动词不定式than后的动词不定式通常要
带to
(1)I know better than to believe him.
我知道要相信他的话。
(2)The beaten enemy had no choice
than to surrender.遭受打击的敌人只好投
降。
下句中的more than(=only)可以看成复合副词，后面的动词不定式不带to
(1)I
did not more than make a beginning.我才刚刚开始。
十四、在why, why not后的不定式不带to
(1)Why spend such a
lot of money?为啥花这么多钱？
(2)Why not join
us?为什么不跟我们一块儿干？
(3)Why don't you
smoke?你为什么不抽烟？
十五、实义动词dare在现代英语口语中，其所在的否定句
或疑问句中，
它后的动词不定式可省to，尤其在一般过去时中
(1)Does he
dare go?他敢去吗？
(2)We do not dare speak.我们不敢说话。
(3)He did not dare go.他不敢去。
(4)Did he dare
go?他敢去吗？
(5)He dared go.他敢去。
(6)Dared he
go?他敢去吗？
(7)He knew she dared not open his
mouth.他清楚她不敢弄开他的嘴。
十六、在口语中，特别是在美国，祈使语气谓语动词和构成
谓语的不定式
go后面的不定式往往不带to
(1)Go ask her.去问问她。
(2)I'll go see my brother.我要去看看弟弟。
这种用法在英国口语中比较少见，一般在动词go后用连词and
(1)Go and
ask her.去问她。
(2)I'll go and see my
brother.我要看弟弟。
十七、在you please…?和would you
please…? 句型中，要用不带to
的不定式。
(1)Will you
please give the note to Tom? 请你把这个条子给汤姆好吗？
(2)Will you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗？
(3)Would you please give me a hand? 请你帮我一下好吗？
十八、Better+动原(口语中用)
(1)Better ask the
way than go astray.问路总比迷路好。
(2)Better go at
once. 最后马上动身。