英语翻译技巧第八节 英语被动语态的翻译
吉林省职业技术学院-马年春节祝福短信
一、
第一、
第二、
第三、
第八节 英语被动语态的翻译
汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉语，因为英语
重视形态（形式），汉语不重视形态，重视语
感。如：
（1）海水不可斗量。（2）文章总算写好了。说汉语的
人自古以来有一种主体思维方
式，认为“成事者必在
人”，施事者“尽在不言之中”。所以很多被动关系不必
一定用“被”字
句。
被动语态的语义价值
被动语态有强调受事者，将它置于话题(topic)的主
位的语用功能。
1).Peter
was robbed to pay Paul.
Peter was robbed by
him to pay Paul.
他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。(他剜肉补疮。）
2).The happy man cannot be harried.
吉人自有天相。
被动语态有承接上句的修辞功能。
3）Many
advances in computer technology took place
in
the twenty years after are generally
classified into four stages or generations.
被动语态在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬或说话
者的谦恭。
4)Where
can you be reached?
在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什么地方？）
5)When will
I be interviewed?
我什么时候来参加面试呢？
第四、
被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题持有某
种客观态度，因而比较委婉。
6)He
is said to be the most respected teacher in
our Department.
7)It is suggested that
each speaker is alloted
five minutes.
建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。
二、 被动语态的翻译问题
（一）
译成汉语主动句
1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语
2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语
3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的”
4、常用被动句型的翻译
5、用“在…下”式（主动式动词+介短）
（二） 译成汉语被动句
1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫”
2、“（遭）受…”
3、“为…所”
4、“加以”“予以”“给以”
（三）译成“把”“使”“由”字句
（一）译成汉语主动句
1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语
1）His
pride must be pinched.
他这股傲气应该打下去。
2）The
whole country was armed in a few days.
几天以内全国武装起来了。
3）The sense of inferiority
that he acquired in his youth
has never been
totally eradicated.
他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。
4）On their domestic stations events in the
Middle East
were dismissed briefly.
在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只轻描淡写地报导了一
下。
5）A new
instant Nespray has been put into the market in
HongKong.
新配方雀巢即溶奶粉在港上市。
作业：
1)A new student is kept on probation for one
semester.
2)With the outbreak of
the war, flights were
stepped up.
3)Most
of the questions have been settled
satisfactorily,only a few questions of
secondary
importance remain to be discussed.
4)This liquid became mixed with the salt at
room
temperature.
5)It should have been
obvious that the plan would
have to be
scrapped.
2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语
1)By the
end of the war 800 people had been saved by the
organization,but at a cost of over 200
Belgian and French lives.
大战终了时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时
人和法国人的生命为代价的。
2)It would be astonishing if that loss were
not keenly
felt.
如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。
3)gs cannot be deterred from his plan.
（人们）不能阻止比林斯先生实施他的计划。
4）Nearly 400 tons of
accumulated rubbish were
removed in
five days.
五天内运走了近四百吨堆积的垃圾。
作业：
1)After a while an agreement was arrived at.
2)A large sum of money has been put aside for
that
purpose.
3)I am afraid I shall be
laughed at.
4)The workers were seen repairing
the machine.
5）Agricultural technique
spreading centers （农技推广
中心）have been set up
everywhere in that
province, helping farmers
to do their work in
a more scientific way.
3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的”
1）Poets
are born,but orators are made.
诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。
2)Footprints on the
sands are not made by sitting
down.
沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。（喻：不身体力行不足
以成事。）
3)It’s crystal clear:what’s been schemed for
in his plan
is power rather than money.
很清楚，他这个计划图谋的是权，而不是钱。
4）The decision
to attack was not taken lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
作业：
1)Eventually, of course, the plan
was abandoned.
2)The ship was destined for
London.
3) Rainbows are formed when sunlight
passes through small
drops of water in the
sky.
4、常用被动句型的翻译
有一类以it作为形式主语的英语句子，在译
文中要改成主动
形式，有时不加主语，有时加不确定的主语。
1） 不加主语时
It is hoped that… 希望…
It is
reported that… 据报…
It is said that……
据说…
It is supposed that… 据推测…
It
may be said without fear of exaggeration that…
可以毫不夸张地说…
It must be admitted that…
必须承认…
It must be pointed out that…必须指出…
It will be seen from this that…由此可见…
1） 可加主语的
It is asserted that…
有人主张…
It is believed that… 有人相信（认为）…
It is generally considered that… 大家认为…
It
is well known that… 大家知道（众所周知）…
It
will be said that… 有人会说…
It was told
that … 有人曾经说…
例句：
1)It is
said that a dying person tends to
recollect
his whole life, like seeing a film.
据说人在弥留于人世之际都要回顾他的一生，就像看
一部影片，一切历历在目。
2)It’s believed that her plans for a movie
career
had all been merely a pipe dream.
有人说她那些当明星的计划全都是些不切实际的幻想
罢了。
5、
用“在…下”式（主动式动词+介短）
1) Many lives were destroyed
by the
none left the village.
许多人都死在盗匪手下，但无人离村出走。
(二)译成汉语被动句
1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫”
1）The company was
forbidden to use false advertising.
这家公司被禁止使用虚假广告。
2）Any minute we would
surely be spotted by enemy planes
flying in
and out of the airfield.
我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。
3)I started to explain that I could not do my
best since
my glasses had been taken away from
me, but
she wouldn’t let me finish.
我开始解释，我不可能干得很好，因为我的眼镜已给拿走了，
但她不准我讲完。
作业:
1)Hitler was also washed away by the
storms of history.
2)Robert Finn was dismissed
by the boss of the factory.
3)Part or all of
the light may be reflected, absorbed or
transmitted by the thing or object that comes
into its way.
4)Running water has long
been used to turn the wheels of
industry.
2、“（遭）受…”
1）Two super go
players from Japan were defeated one after
another.
日本两位围棋高手接连受挫。
2）He was
policed by the bosses’ cops.
他受到老板雇佣的警察的监视。
3)They were given a hearty welcome.
他们受到热烈欢迎。
3、“为…所”
1）I was so
impressed by these words that I used them later
for a Christmas card.
我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。
2）In his late
thirties he was almost knocked down in his
despondency（消沉，沮丧） of the unsuccessful
career.
近四十岁时，由于事业上的挫折，他几乎为失意所毁。
4、“加以”“予以”“给以”
1)The details of the facade
of clothing store will be
further fitted up to
match the interior.
服装店的门面将进一步加以装修，使之与室内装饰相配。
（三）译成“把”“使”“由”字句
1）The famous hotel had
been practically destroyed by the
big fire.
大火使这著名酒店几乎全部毁灭。
2) By evening the
occupation was complete, and the
people were
chased off the streets by an eight
o’clock
curfew.
至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。
3）Most letters from his wife, are read to him
by the
nurses in the hospital.
他的妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。
作业:（用“受、由、把”字）
a)
b)
c)
d)
She was blamed for everything her sisters did.
Last year the region was visited by the worst
drought in 60 years.
Every country will be
represented by its prime
minister.
Natural
light or “white”light is actually made up
of
many colours.
e)
f)
Rivers are
controlled by dams.
He was regarded as a
Republican by everybody, even
though he had
always thought of himself as an
“Independent”.
g)
h)
i)
The decision to suicide
is not taken lightly.
Our foreign policy is
supported by the people all
over the world.
We hereby declare that these candidates have
passed
their thesis defense and therefore
degrees
will be conferred on them.
j)
Discourse with the driver is strictly prohibited
while this vehicle is in motion.
主被动转换作业：
1.I have been sent here by the
Norwegian
Shipping Company to talk with you
about
transportation.
hing he advertised
was guaranteed
to last “forever”.
first
thirty years were spent in
Western America.
individual is judged by how he serves
the collective, but the collective is
expected to cherish the lives and talents
of its individuals.
ger was so devastated
by
Rockefeller’s defeat that, according to
one account, he wept.
someone who has
been out there in
the floodlights as often as
he has can not
remain wholly undecipherable.
1
. 必须承认，这些统计数字反映了许多不满情绪。
2.
拥有人工智能的第五代电脑正在发展和完善中。
5.基辛格为洛克菲勒的失败伤心透了，有人说
他哭了。
6.但是，象他这样一个经常抛头露面的人是
不可能一点不被人识破的。
1 .It must be admitted that considerable
discontent is reflected in those statistics.
2
The fifth generation computers,
with
artificial intelligence, are being develope
d
and perfected now.