北京石油大学分数线-保姆合同范本

英语翻译方法
1直译法---- 就是按照文字的字面意思直接翻译过来,例如汉语中的“纸老
虎”直译成“paper tiger”, 外国人看起来不但深明其义,而且觉得很是传神,
所以现已成为正式的英美民族语言.另外,我们口中的 “丢脸”也被直译为
“lose face”,“走狗”译成为“running dog”.由于中国热而大为外国人
欢迎的“功夫”音译成“kung fu”等也算是直译法的一种.
2意译法——有些习语无法直译,也无法找到同义的习语借用,则只好采用意
译的方法来对待. 例如汉语中的”落花流水”用来表示被打得大败之意,译成
英文便是“to be shattered to pieces”.“乌烟瘴气“形容情形混乱不堪,
可用“chaos”来表达.
3省 略法—汉语中有一种情况,就是习语中有的是对偶词不达意组,前后含意
重复.偶到这种情况时可用省略 法来处理,以免产生画蛇添足之感.例如“铜墙
铁壁”可译成“wall of bronzl” 已经足够,实在无须说成”wall of copper
and iron”.”街谈巷议“在意义上也是重复的,所以译成”street gossip”
便可以了.
4增添法—为了要更清楚地表达原意,有时要结合上下文的需要,在译文中增
添一些说明.例如 “树倒猢狲散”可译成“Once the tree falls,the monkeys
on it will flee helter-skelter,”其中helter-skelter是“慌慌张 张”之意,
是增添的成分,原文虽无其字而有其义,加了使形象突出,有声有色.
5还原法—一些习语源于外语,翻译时可使之还原.例如“夹着尾巴”应写成”
with the tail between the legs”;”战争贩子”是英文”war- monger”
的中译;”蓝图”则是”blue-print”等.

翻译例如
1、荷花是中国的名花之一，深受人们喜爱。中国许多地方的湖泊和 池塘都
适合荷花生长。荷花色彩鲜艳，夏日清晨绽放，夜晚闭合，花期长达两三
个月，吸引来自 各地的游客前往观赏。荷花具有多种功能，既能绿化水面，
又能美化庭园，还可以净化水质、减少污染、 改善环境。荷花迎骄阳而不
惧，出淤泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅，常来比喻人的高尚品德，历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。荷花盛开的地方也是许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之
地。
As one of the best-known flowers in China, lotus has been
adored by many people. Most of the lakes and ponds in China are
suitable for lotuses to grow. Featuring the bright color, lotus, whose
flowering time is as long as 2 or 3 months, blossoms from the
morning to the dust in summer, always attracting tourists from
different places to come for a visit. Lotus has various functions, such
as greening waters, beautifying courtyards and also purifying water,
reducing pollution and improving our environment. Neither fearing
the blazing sun or becoming contaminated by the dirty mud, lotus
has always been a symbol of purity and elegance and consequently
been seen as a metaphor for noble qualities. That’s why it has also
always been an important subject in many poems and paintings. In

addition, the places where lotuses bloom have become the
attractions to many photographers.
2、梅花(plum blossom)位居中国十大名花之首，源于中国南方，已有三
千多年 的栽培和种植历史。隆冬时节，五颜六色的梅花不畏严寒，迎着风
雪傲然绽放。在中国传统文化中，梅花 象征着坚强、纯洁、高雅、激励人
们不畏艰难、砥砺前行。自古以来，许多诗人和画家从梅花中获取灵感 ，
创作了无数不朽的作品。普通大众也都喜爱梅花，春节期间常用于家庭装
饰。南京市已将梅花 定为市花，每年举办梅花节，成千上万的人冒着严寒
到梅花山踏雪赏梅。
试题分析：本次 考试话题为传统文化类。原文中不畏严寒，不畏艰难，
砥砺前行的翻译较为灵活，是难点之一，另外，应 注意英文句子结构要灵
活调整使之紧凑，自然。
Originated in Southern China and cultivated for more than 3000
years, the plum blossom tops the list of the ten most well-known
flowers in China. In midwinter, confronting cold, wind and snow,
plum blossoms of different colours bloom beautifully. In traditional
Chinese culture, the plum blossom is the symbol of strong will,
purity and elegance, which encourage people to forge ahead
without fearing difficulties. Since ancient times, many poets and
artists have drawn inspirations from plum blossoms and created
numerous immoral works. Common people are also fond of plum

blossoms and used them for home decoration. Nanjing city had
made plum blossom its city flower, and holds Plum Blossom Festival
every year, which attracts thousands of people to enjoy the plum
blossoms irrespective of the severe coldness.
3、牡丹(peony)花色艳丽，形象高雅，象征着和平与繁荣，因而在中国被
称为“花中之 王”。中国许多地方都培育和种植牡丹。千百年来，创作了
许多诗歌和绘画赞美牡丹。唐代时期，牡丹在 皇家园林普遍种植并被誉为
国花，因而特别风行。十世纪时，洛阳古城成为牡丹栽培中心，而且这一地位一直保持到今天。现在，成千上万的国内外游客蜂拥到洛阳参加一年
一度的牡丹节，欣赏洛阳牡 丹的独特之美，同时探索九朝古都的历史。
Peony is colorful and elegant, symbolizing peace and prosperity.
Therefore, it is called “the king of flowers” in China. Peony is
cultivated and planted in many parts of China. For thousands of
years, many poems and paintings have been created to praise the
peony. During the Tang Dynasty, peony was widely planted in royal
gardens and was known as the national flower, so it enjoyed great
popularity then. The ancient city of Luoyang became the center of
peony cultivation in the tenth century, and this status has been
maintained till today. Now, thousands of tourists from home and
abroad flock to Luoyang to participate in the annual Peony Festival,

appreciating the unique beauty of Luoyang peony and explore the
history of the ancient capital of the nine dynasties at the same time.
【逐句解析】
(1)牡丹(peony)花色艳丽，形象高雅，象征着和平与繁荣。
【解析】可以翻译为简单句加伴随状语的结构。艳丽的：vividcolorful;
形象：image;高雅的：elegant; 繁荣：prosperity.
【参考答案】Peony is colorful and elegant, symbolizing peace and
prosperity.
(2)因而在中国被称为“花中之王”。
【解析】考查简单句的翻译，注意被动语态。因而：therefore; 花中
之王: the king of flowers.
【参考答案】Therefore, it is called “the king of flowers” in China.
(3)中国许多地方都培育和种植牡丹。
【解析】考查无主句，“中国许多地方”不是动作发出的 主体，而是
地点，应翻译为状语。句子的主语可以根据语境补充“人们”或者变为被
动结构。
【参考答案】Peony is cultivated and planted in many parts of
China.