杨绛作品-中国国防科技信息中心

考试题型
一、填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） < br>二、短语翻译（共10个英语短语译成汉语，每个1分，共10分）或改译（共5小题，每小题2
分，共10分）
Example: New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on those reported
plans.
新西兰没有这件事的知识，也没有被人商量过这些传闻的计划，
改译为：新西兰不知此事，也没有人同它商讨过这些传闻的计划。
三、句子翻译（共10个句子，每个4分，共40分）（本题可根据考生答题情况酌情给分）
四、篇章翻译（共2篇短文，每篇20分，共40分，只须翻译划线部分）（本题可根据考生答题
情况 酌情给分）
一篇是文学翻译，一篇是考研翻译真题（1998年-2010年）
填空复习
1. 英语属于印欧语系，汉语属于汉藏语系。
2. 根据翻译的语言进行分类，翻译可分为语内翻译和语际翻译。
3. 我国历史上第一个把汉文著作像国外介绍的中国人是玄奘, 在理论方面，他所提出的“既需求
真又需喻俗”的翻译标准至今仍然有指导意义。
4. 鲁 迅认为，“凡是翻译，必须兼顾两个方面，一则当然其义易解，一则保存原作的丰姿。”并
提出了忠实与 通顺的翻译标准。
5. 严复在其译作《天演论》中提出了中国历史上第一个较为明确的翻译标准即：信达雅。
6. 明万历 年间到清代“新学”时期，徐光启和利玛窦合作翻译了欧几里得的《几何原本》、《测
量法义》等书。
7. 翻译人才在中国古代被称作象寄之才象胥舌人。
8. 东晋时期的道安提出 “按本而传”的翻译思想，被人们称为直译的鼻祖。
9. 六朝时期鸠摩罗什主张“依实出华。” 被人们称为意译的鼻祖。
10.《春秋谷梁传》中记载了孔子的“名从主人，物从中国”的翻译思想 ，而该译论比古罗马哲
人西塞罗提出的“不要逐字翻译”早四五百年。
11. 三国时期的支谦所作《法句经序》被看作是我国第一篇有关翻译的论文。
12. 中国译论中不同时 期的翻译标准可大致描述为：案本—求信—神似—化境—忠实，通顺—翻
译标准多元互补论。
13. 按翻译题材，翻译可分为文学翻译、政论翻译、应用文翻译和科技翻译。
14．2 0世纪50年代初，傅雷在《〈高老头〉重译本序》中提出了“所求的不在形似而在神似”
的重要观点； 60年代初，钱钟书在《林纾的翻译》中提出了“化境”的翻译标准。
15. Translations are like women—when they are faithful they are not beautiful, when they are
beautiful they are not faithful.此比喻与我国老子的一个说法不谋而合。老子说：“信言不美、美言
不信”。
16. 20世纪90年代，美籍意大利学者韦努蒂（Lawrence Venuti ）提出了抵抗式翻译反翻译
resistance translation翻译理论，该理论对于提高译者的地位很有帮助，但还不足以构成新的范式。
17. 1987年，刘英凯发表一篇题为《归化——翻译的歧途》的论文，用许多译例说明归化译法“ 抹
杀”了原作的“民族特点”，将异国情调“同化于归属语言”，“必然是对原文的歪曲”。因此他坚< br>决反对归化译法。他的这篇论文开创了异化译法的新时代。
18. 斯内尔- 霍恩比（Mary Snell-Hornby）在其2006年的新著 《翻译研究的多重转向》中介年代出现实证论转向和全球化转向；90年代，西方翻译研究出现文化转向；80世纪20绍：

而进入新世纪，翻译研究又回到了语言学时代，出现了“U字形转向”（U-turn）。
19. 1964年, 奈达博士在《翻译科学初探》(Toward a Science of T ranslating)一书中将译文读者引
入翻译标准，提出了功能对等翻译（Functional Equivalence）(请用中英文填写)的翻译原则。
20. 辜正坤在全国首届翻译理论研 讨会上提出了“翻译标准多元互补论”，在该理论体系中,提出
了翻译的最高标准是最佳近似度，这是一 个形同虚设的抽象标准，真正有意义的是一大群具体标
准。
21. 英汉两种语言在主述位结构上有差别。英语属主语显著（subject- prominent）（请用中英文填
写）语言，汉语属主题显著（topic- prominent）语言（请用中英文填写）。

22. 英汉两种语言分属不同的谱系(family)：英语属印欧语系（Indo-European family ）(请用中英
文填写),该语系包括12个语族和百余种语言。而汉语则属于汉藏语系（Sino- Tibetan
family）, (请用中英文填写)该语系包括400余种语言和方言。
23. 英汉两种语言分属不同的类型(type)：英语属综合分析型，而汉语属分析黏着型。
24. 受“中庸”哲学思想的影响，中国人的美学观念中特别强调平衡美,所以汉语中除了极为频繁< br>使用对仗这一修辞格，还大量使用四字词组。在英汉互译中要时刻考虑汉语这一特点。
25. 英语句子以动词为核心，形成一个复杂严谨的空间型构造，而关系词连接词是粘合这种空间
型构造的水泥 。汉语多流水句，一小句接一小句，很多地方可断可连；相对而言，汉语显得有些
结构松弛。
26. 翻译的过程可分为: 理解、表达和校核。
27. 翻译活动中主要涉及的因素有：作者(author)、原文(source text)、原文读者(source-text
readers)、译者(translator)、译文(target text translated version)、译文读者（target-text readers）
(请用中英文填写)等。
28. 直译和意译所关注的核心问题是如何在语言层面处理形式 和意义，而异化和归化则突破了语
言因素的局限，将视野扩展到语言、文化和美学等因素。
29. 英译汉常用的方法和技巧中词语翻译的方法技巧有：词义的选择、引申和褒贬、词类转译法、< br>增词法、重复法、省略法和正反互译法等。
30. 翻译按源出语和目的语，可分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual
translation）（请用中英文填写）和符际翻译（intersemiotic translation）。
二．短语翻译或改译
1 I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man.
[原译] 我读过你的文章，我料想会见到一个年纪更大的人。
[改译] 我读过你的文章，但没料想你会这样年轻。
2. He was not displeased with her honesty…it took a certain amount of experience in life, an
courage, to want to do it quite that way.
[译文1] 他倒是喜欢她这么直来直去……有点生活经验、又有点胆量的人才敢这么做。
[译文2] 他对于她的直率没有感到不快……有点生活经验、又有点胆量的人才敢这么做。
3 She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.
[译文1] 她被执著的电话铃声搞得心烦意乱。
[译文2] 她被没完没了的电话铃声搞得心烦意乱。
All the inventors have a restless mind.
[译文1] 所有的发明家都生性好动。
所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头脑。2] 译文[
4. The irony is that Mrs. Gandhi presides over a nation with a highly promising long-term
potential but which is saddled with equally difficult current problems.

[译文1] 具有讽刺意味的是，甘地夫人掌管的国 家，从长远的观点来看，是一个大有希望的
国家，但在目前却具有难以克服的困难。
[译文2] 颇为耐人寻味的是，从长远的观点来看，甘地夫人掌管的国家是大有希望的，但目
前却有着 难以克服的困难。
.
三．句子翻译
1. A seaman knows that the sea is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, destroy man
and the product of his brain and hand, the ship.
[译文] 水手们都知道，大海的威力是势不可挡的；在某些情况下，它能把人及人所制造的船
只统统摧 毁掉。(正说反译)
2.. “Mine! Mine!” They would shout at the pretty rainbows that are down to the earth, seeming
never very far away.
[译文] 他们 会冲着那从天际弯弯地挂向地面的，看来好像伸手可及的美丽彩虹大声呼喊：“哎
呀!哎呀!”(反说正 译)
3. I am very happy to receive your message of greetings.
[译文] 接到你的贺信，我十分高兴。
4. The two sides found it beneficial to have this opportunity to present to one another their views
on a variety of issues.
[译文] 现在有机会互相介绍彼此对各种问题的观点，对此，双方认为是有利的。
5. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.
[译文] 托马斯·杰佛逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献。
6. Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.
[译文] 在举行个别交谈之前,我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。
7. It seems that a very difficult decision now faces him.
他好像面临着困难的抉择。
8. Anger and bitterness covered upon me for weeks.
几周来我一直感到生气和伤心。
9. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
10. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
11. 寻寻觅觅,
冷冷清清,
凄凄惨惨戚戚。
I look for what I miss，
I know not what it is：
I feel so sad, and so drear,
So lonely, without cheer. (许渊冲)
12. Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
（1）同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。



四．短文翻译

1. On one of those sober and rather melancholy days in the latter part of autumn, when the
shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of
the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey. There was something
congenial to the season in the mournful magnificence of the old pile; and, as I passed its threshold,
it seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity, and losing myself among the shades of
former ages.
时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几 乎连接在一起，不可分别，岁云
将暮，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏寺去散步了几个钟头。古寺巍 巍，森森然似有鬼气，
和阴沉沉的季侯正好调和；我跨进大门，觉得自己已经置身远古，相忘于古人的鬼 影之中了。
1998年考研题
1． But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to
looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15
billion years ago.
但更为重要 的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年
前宇宙云的形状和 结构。
2. The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in
the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
巨 大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所
必不可少的 。
3. Astrophysicists working with ground- based detectors at the South Pole and balloon- borne
instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告
他们的观测结果。
4. If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a
refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.
假如那 些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大
爆炸论，亦称宇 宙膨胀说。
5. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some
respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for
the better part of a decade that it is true.
宇宙膨胀 说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。
许多天体物理学家 七八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。
1999年考研翻译
1 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice
most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant
events of the past..
几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定， 但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为，历史学是试图重
现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。
2. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of
history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外．
界并不认为历史是一门学问。
3. During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies
designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解 释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
4. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in
general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领 域使用的研究手
段，人们对此意见不一。
5. It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal
criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific
techniques.
这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就 是史学界内部和外部人士对各
种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
2000年考研翻译
1. Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the
help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
译文：在现代条件下，这需要不同程度的中央控制，从而也需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学
家等领域专家的协助。
2. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the
efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists
and technologists of all kinds.
译文：再者更进一步来说，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切 相关，
而反过来效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
3. Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere are
feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are
often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
译文：由于大众通讯的显著发展，所有的人都不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗 和
思想，由于上述原因，各国政府不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。
4. In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the
far reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century,
whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
译文： 在早期实现工业化的欧洲国家里， 其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构 变
革持续了大约一个世纪，而如今一个发展中国家在 10 年左右的时间内就可以完成同样的 工业
化进程。
5. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems
arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern
means of transport.
译文：由于人口猛增或大量人口流动---现代交通工具使这样的大量人口流动变得相对容易
---所引起的各种问题也同样造成新的社会压力。
2001 年英译汉试题
1. There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that
will disable them when they offend.
译文：届时，将会出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目和装有污染监控器的汽车。一旦这些汽
，监控器就会使其停止行驶。 车排污超标（违规）．
2. Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built
personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of
smell- television, and digital age will have arrived.

译文： 儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍， 具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工业伙伴 而
不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。
3. Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a
unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of
key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.
译文：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列
出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
4. But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man- machine integration:“It will be the
beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic
human before the end of the next century.”
译文：但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始： “它是人机一体化漫长之路的第 一
步，最终会使人们在下世纪之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。 ”
5. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result
in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.
译文： 家用电器将会变得如此智能化， 以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病——
厨房狂躁症。
2002 年英译汉试题
1. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior
to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
译文：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去 寻
找行为的根源。
2. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often
seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
译文： 行为科学之所以发展缓慢， 部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，
部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
3. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years
ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the
individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
译文： 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明， 而环境在塑造和保持个体行为 时
的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
4. They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they
are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for
his achievements.
译文：自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主人拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负
责并因其业绩而被给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
5. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and
with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
译文： （如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的 唯
一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。
2003 年英译汉试题
thus
live, they which in environment the modify to ability the have humans Furthermore, 1.
subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他生命形态服从人类自己独

特的想法和想象。
2. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their
endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural
scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
译文： 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支， 它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样， 用理性的、
有序的、系统的和冷静的方式去研究人类及其行为。
3. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought
to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important
social science.
译文：强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一
研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
4． Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law,
custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
译文：泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员获得的信仰、艺术、
道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯。 ”
5. Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is
an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and
understanding.
译文：因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它
使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
2004 年英译汉试题
1. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of
thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
译文： 希腊人认为语言的结构和思维过程有某种联系， 这种观点早在人们意识到语言的千差 万
别之前就已经在欧洲扎下了根。
2. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples
who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
译文：我们得感谢他们（两位先驱） ，因为在此之后，这些（土著）语言中有一些已经不复 存
在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
3. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied
languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of
fabricating their data.
译文： 这些新近被描绘的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲及东南亚地区的语言之间的区别往 往
如此显著，以至于有学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨皮尔编造了材料。
4. Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that
the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society.
译文：沃尔夫对语言和思维的关系很感兴趣，因此他逐渐形成了这样的观点：一个社会中语
言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。
5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states
that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce
far- reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
其极端的说法是，语言禁锢思想，语言的语法沃尔夫逐渐相信某种语言决定论观点，译文：
结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
2005 年英译汉试题

1. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and
perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the
recent events in Europe.
译文：电视是引发并传达这些情绪的方式之一，在加强不同民族和国家间的联系方面，或许
它从未像在近来欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。
2. In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which
bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation
to one another.
译文：同其他地方一样，欧洲的传媒集团蒸蒸日上，这些集团把相互联系的电视、广播、报
纸、杂志及出版社等媒体联合到一起。
3. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact
underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than
50% took a loss in 1989.
译文：仅此就足以表明，在电视行业里生存并不容易，统计数字更印证了这个事实：1989 年，
在 80 家欧洲电视网中，一半以上出现亏损。
4. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go
to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic
choice
译文： 不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体， 要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的
“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的选择。
5. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand,
divided we fall” 译文：要应付如此规模的挑战，可以毫不夸张地说， “团结擎天散如沙” 。
2006 年英译汉试题
1. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life
the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
译文： 我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快
乐的人。
2. His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in
as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
译文：他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决 定
的推理过程。
3. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of
moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects
of those problems.
译文：我之所以将他（普通科学家）排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德
问题，但他承担的人物只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。
4. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any
more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct
in business.
译文：但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注 于
探索行业规范一样。
They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or
5.
no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

译文：他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们 大多数人却很少或没有对需要
进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。
2007 年英译汉试题
1. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of
lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
译文：长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者
的知识素养的必要组成部分。
2. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the
links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
译文：另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新 闻
时的做法是相同的。
3．But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary
citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the
news media.
译文： 新闻记者应该比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律， 而这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业
已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。
4. In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic
features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
译文： 事实上， 很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能胜任
政治新闻的报道工作。
5. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for
journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
译文： 尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量， 但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己对重要性的 理
解自行做出判断。
2008 年英译汉试题
1. He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing
him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in
reasoning and in his own observations.
译文：他认为或许正因为（语言表达上的）这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过 长
时间的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。
2. He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very
limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
译文： 他坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限， 由此他也认定自己在数学方
面根本不可能有大的作为。
3. On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics
that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
译文：另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这种说法也是
缺乏根据的。
4. He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things
which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”
译文：他又自谦地说，或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物，并对其加以仔细观察方面优
于常人” 。
5. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might
possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

译文： 达尔文确信， 没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣， 而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力，
更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。
2009 年英译汉试题
1. It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging
and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
译文：虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生（经验）方 面
所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。
2. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was
this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
译文： 人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这一副产品， 而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导 性
因素的过程则更为缓慢。
3. While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their
disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
译文： 虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响， 然而 在
与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。
4. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot
help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
译文： 由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融， 因此我们不禁 要
考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。
5. We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so
far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.
译文： 这就使得我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育 形
式，即直接讲授或学校教育。
2010 年英译汉试题
1. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects
would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
译文：科学家们急忙介入，但提出的证据显然站不住脚，其大意是，如果鸟类不能控制昆虫
的数量，昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。
2. but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of
intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
译文： 但是我们至少近乎承认， 无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值， 它们自有生存下去的权利。
3. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the
health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species.”
译文：有证据表明：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价
值”的物种。曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。
4. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are
recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason.
译文： 在林业生态更为发达的欧洲， 没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成 员，
并得到相应的保护。
5. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that
lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning
译文：这种保护体系往往忽视陆地群落中诸多缺乏商业价值但对其健康运作至关重要的物．
种，而最终导致它们的灭绝。．