英语四六级中国传统文化翻译
学礼仪-未来5年热门专业
一、
对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛
等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天
象集合而成的一种神物。 中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。
在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、
开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China
has been around for the last 8,000 years. The
ancients in Chi
na considered the dragon (or
loong) a fetish that combines animals including
the fish, snake, horse and ox wit
h cloud,
thunder, lightning and other natural celestial
phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in
accorda
nce with the multicultural fusion
process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the
dragon signifies innovatio
n and cohesion.
二、
秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通
常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的
表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到
锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂
拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人
自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保
持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。
Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han
in is usually performed in northern provinces.
The dancer
s usually wear colorful and light
costumes, and the performance is powerful and
rapid. During some festivals s
uch as Spring
Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the
sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the
w
eather is , they will come to street and
appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old
people in city of east-nor
thern of China
organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the
teamers keep their health by dancing Yangk
o
the whole year.
三、
长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如
果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像
到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样
。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直
到秦朝统一中国后才
将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在
明代修建的。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of
the world that created by human beings! If you
come to China withou
t climbing the Great Wall,
it's just like going Paris without visiting the
Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without
v
isiting the Pyramids! Men often say,
an
as independent walls for different states when it
was first built, and did not become the
he Qin
Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting
from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan
P
ass in the west, was mostly built during the
Ming Dynasty.
四、
Dumplings
Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite
traditional dishes. According to an ancient
Chin
ese legend, dumplings were first made by
the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are
three steps involve
d in making dumplings: 1)
make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2)
prepare the dumpling stuffing;
3) make
dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic
dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious
taste,
and unique shapes, dumplings are worth
eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying
that claims, “Nothin
g could be more delicious
than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and
other holidays, or when treating rel
atives and
friends, Chinese people like to follow the
auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese
peopl
e who show high reverence for family
love, having dumplings at the moment the old year
is replaced by the n
ew is an essential part of
bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the
new year.
饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。
相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括： 1） 擀皮、2） 备馅、
3） 包馅水煮三个步骤
。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。
中国人接亲待
客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更
是欢
度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
五、
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is an important part of traditional
Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the
“
main and collateral channels” theory in TCM,
the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the
channel and regulat
e qi and blood, so as to
keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve
reconciliation between the interna
l organs. It
features in traditional Chinese medicine that
“internal diseases are to be treated with external
ther
apy”. The main therapy of acupuncture
involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints
of the patient’s bod
y, or adopting moxibustion
to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to
stimulate the channels and relieve pai
n. With
its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed
down generation after generation and has now
spread all over the world. Nowadays,
acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu
(otherwise known as Chi
nese martial arts), and
traditional Chinese medicine, has been
internationally hailed as one of the “four new
n
ational treasures.”
针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。
按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归
于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和
之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的
温热刺激烧灼病
人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，
与中餐
、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。
六、
Chinese
Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts,
carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance.
It
is a traditional Chinese sport which
applies the art of attack and defence in combat
and the motions engaged
with a series of skill
and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is
derived from the Confucian theory of both “
the
mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise
known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it
also in
cludes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.
Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-
various sects and ma
ny different boxing
styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with
softness and internal and external training.
It contains the ancient great thinkers’
pondering of life and the universe. The skills in
wielding the 18 kinds of
weapons named
by the later generations mainly involve the skills
of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxi
ng
(Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan),
eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of
kung fu
weaponry, such as the skill of using
swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds,
axes, tomahawks, kooks
, prongs and so on.
中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富
的中国民族传统文化。
其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远
流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，
讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十
八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太
极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
七、
Chinese characters were initially
meant to be simple pictures used to help people
remember things. After a lon
g period of
development, it finally became a unique character
system that embodies phonetic sound, image,
i
dea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing
system, which was extremely advanced in ancient
times, began
with inscriptions on bones and
tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the
original forms of Chinese charac
ters.
Afterwards, Chinese characters went through
numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions,
official sc
ript, regular script, cursive
script, running script, etc. Chinese characters
are usually round outside and square
inside,
which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an
orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five
basic str
okes of Chinese characters are “---“
(the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke),
“／”( the left-falling strok
e), “＼” (the right-
falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).
汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的
独特文字。现存中国
古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文
、隶书、楷书、草书、行书
等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，
源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、
折。
八、
Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of
eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The
recorded history of
chopsticks started more
than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were
named zhu in ancient Chinese. They
look
deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-
various functions, such as clamping, turning over,
lifting up,
raking, stirring, scooping,
poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken
as an auspicious mascot by ordin
ary people in
ancient China. For example, the partial tone of
chopsticks is often used by people as a
metaphor
at weddings to indicate a blessing or
benediction for the couple to have a baby soon.
Unlike using a knife and
fork or one’s own
hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the
meaning of “Harmony is what matters”.
Chopsti
cks are highly praised by Westerners as
a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.
中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它
看似简
单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如
婚俗中将筷子
隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的
方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉
筷子是古老的东方文明。
九、
Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined
as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private
seal of various dynas
ties have different
titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu,
lease and others. The seals used by the
emper
ors of ancient China were called xi, yin,
bao, etc. According to historical records, seals
were widely used durin
g the Warring States
Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to
engrave fonts, such as seal characters
and
official script and so on; or images in the form
of intaglio and embossment into the seal,
basically shaped
as round or square. Covered
with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not
only used in daily life, but it is al
so used
to represent signatures on paintings and
calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of
China’s unique
artworks.
印章就是图章。中国历
代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古
时称玺、印、宝
、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳
的形式雕
刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色
钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有
的艺术形式之一。
十、
Chinese Era The Chinese era is the
symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for
recording and naming years. Th
e ten Heavenly
Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin,
ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are:
ou,
yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai.
After observing the lunar month, the ancients
found that t
he moon always wazes and wanes
roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months
account for about 60 days,
so the order of the
ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve
Earthly Branches are properly matched in
turn.
In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered
to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era
chronology wa
s first invented in ancient times
and is still in use now. according to the
chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stem
s,” 2011
is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly
Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly
Branches”
.
天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十
天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十
二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、
申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上
是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天
。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一
个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至
今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。
十一、
hinese
Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing
Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China.
It
originated from many kinds of ancient local
operas, especially huiban in southern China. At
the end of the 19t
h Century, Beijing Opera
evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind
of opera in China. Beijing Opera
is a
blend of performing arts---song, speech,
performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing
Opera portra
ys and narrates the plot and
characters through stylized acting. The main types
of roles in Beijing Opera are s
heng(male), dan
(young female), jing (painted face, male), and
chou( clown, male or female).
京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽
班”。到了19
世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、
念（念白）、做（表演）、
打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物
。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女
性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。
十二、
Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated
in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a
philosopher and thinker wh
o lived in the late
Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te
Ching whose authorship has been attribu
ted to
Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist
classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human
being’s life, r
ecommends the discarding of all
desires and worries from one’s mind, and
encourages the cultivation of moral
character
and the nourishment of human nature. The following
is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The
w
ay that can be told of is not an unvarying
way; The names that can be named are not unvarying
names. It wa
s from the nameless that Heaven
and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that
rears the ten thousand
creatures, each after
its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself forever
of desire can see the secret essences; H
e that
has never rid himself of desire can see only the
outcomes.
道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想
家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要
经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。
“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有
名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以
观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。
十三、
Chinese Idioms
Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and
integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms
are established and accepted by constant usage
and common practice. An idiom is a language unit
that is larg
er than a word, but has the same
grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese
idioms consist of four charact
ers. For
example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to
improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than
indigo),
and houjibofa (success comes with
time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk
proverbs, ancient works of
literature, poems,
fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms
are a part of the Chinese language that a
re
concise and have great vitality.
中国成语是汉
语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而
语
法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。<
br>成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而
又富
有生命力的一部分。
十四、
China is
the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture,
silk reeling and thickening are all great
inventions of t
he ancient Chinese. As early as
the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the
Chinese people’s silk-wea
ving techniques had
reached an extremely high level. During the
Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang
Qian,
an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central
Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and
th
e Mediterranean, opening up a new era of
Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication.
From then on, C
hina’s silk became well known
for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design
and color, and abundant culture c
onnotations.
Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a
symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of
orie
ntal civilization.
中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、
养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到
相当高的水平。西汉
时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从
此中国的丝绸
以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。
十五、
The Chinese classical garden is a
precious treasure of our ancient Chinese
architecture. It is a kind of environ
ment art,
which systematically combines artificial mountains
and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural
l
andscape. The construction standard of a
Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is,
the garden must look in
genious and natural.”
When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical
garden, you should be able to appreciat
e its
artistic concept which “makes use of the natural
landscape to create the real fun of mountains and
rivers
for viewers.” Of the world’s three
major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden
is hailed as one of the o
rigins of the world’s
garden due to its long history and abundant
connotations.
中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机
结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造
原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园
林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界
三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、
内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。
十六、
The Four
Treasures of the Study The writing brush, ink
stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite
treasures in
the study of the scholars of
ancient China, and they are often referred to as
the “Four Treasures of the Study.
” The writing
brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese
to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In
t
he Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC), people
already used feathers of different hardness and
bamboo trunks to m
ake brushes. During the Han
Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used
instead of natural ink. After pa
per was
invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden
tablets, brocade and silk, which originally
functioned
as writing surfaces, gradually
faded out. The ink stone was first developed with
the use of writing brushes and
ink. After the
Song Dynasty (960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure
of the Study” particularly referred to hubi,
the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang
province; huimo, the ink stick produced in
Huizhou, Anhui pr
ovince; xuan paper, a kind of
paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and
duanyan, the ink stone made
in
Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier
called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of
the
Study” have writtin the whole Chinese
civilization, as it is.
笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中
必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。
秦时已用不同硬度的毛和
竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则
随笔墨的使用而发
展。 “文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文
明。