大学英语四级新题型段落翻译模拟考试题11篇
新学期打算-2012江苏英语高考
完美 WORD 格式
大学英语四级翻译练习
第一篇 农业
中国是一个农业大国,也是世界农业起源地之一。水稻
rice和小麦wheat等农作物都
原产自originate fromderive from中
国。新中国成立后,政府十分重视农业生产,不断
加大农业投入,加速了农业生产的现代化进程boos
tstrengthenimprove
the process of agricultural
modernization。因此,中国农业取得了辉煌的成就。中国各种
农产品的产量增长很快,谷
物、棉花cotton、花生(Peanut)的总产量均居世界首位rank
the first
in the world。依靠占世界不足10%的耕地 (cultivatable
land),中国养活了世界
15以上的人口。
1.第2句为无被动标识词的被动句,翻译时要用被动语态,可译作
Crops such
as rice and wheat were first produced in China。 2.第3句中的动作“十分重视”、“不断加大”是“新中国成立后”持续发生的动作,故该句
用现
在完成进行时态。仔细分析发现,“十分重视……,不断加大……”为两个并列的
动作作谓语,而“加速
了……”则表结果,可处理为结果状语,故本句译
为 the government has
been paying close attention to... and
increasing... to speed up…。
3.第4句中的“中国农业取得了辉煌的
成就”可理解为“中国在农业方面取得了成就”,故
可译为China has made great
achievements 、progress in
agriculture。该句也可用“辉煌的
成就”作主语,用被动语态表达,译作great
achievements have been made in China's
agriculture。
4.翻译最后一句“依靠……,中国……”时,可将后半句处理成主句,前
半句为状语,
用介词短语With less than ten parent of the
world's cultivatable land来表达,使句子主次
分明、结构简洁紧凑。
参考答案:
China is a big agricultural
country and also one of the world's agricultural
origins. Crops such
as rice and wheat were
first produced in China. After the founding of New
China, the
government has been paying close
attention to agriculture and increasing investment
to
speed up the modernization of agricultural
production. Therefore, China has made great
achievements in agriculture. The outputs of
various agricultural products grow at a
fast
rate and the total output of grains, cotton and
peanuts tops rank the first in
the world. With
less than ten percent of the world's cultivatable
land, China manages to feed over one-fifth of
the world's population.
第二篇 龙的形象
中国人
一直以自己是龙的传人(descendent)为豪。这种情感在中国文化和社会的各个方面
都有所体
现。从远古时代起,龙就被看作是具有庇佑能力并能影响人们生活的动物。古代
的皇帝被看作是“真龙天
子”,象征着尊严和权力。在民间流传着许多关于龙的传说和故
事。还有各种与龙相关的民俗活动,其中
最受欢迎的就是赛龙舟(Dragon Boat Race)。
1.第3句中
的定语“具有庇佑能力并能影响人们生活的”较长,可将其处理成后置定语,用
介词短语来表达;“具有
......能力并能......”可合译成a power to...and...;“动物”译为
creature(生物、创造物)比animal更确切,因为“龙”并不是真正存在。
2.第4
句中“象征着尊严和权利”是对“真龙天子”的补充说明,可将其处理成同位语,译为
a symbol
of dignity and power。
3.倒数第2句为无主语句,省略了主语“人们”,该
主语不需要被强调说明,故此句可译为
被动句式,即Many legends and
stories... are
spread...。“关于龙的”可处理成后置定语,用介
词短语about
dragon表达。“在民间”为状语,可译作among the people,置于句末。
4.最后一句中的“其中”一词表示赛龙舟属于前面提到的folk
activities,故“其中……赛龙舟”
可处理成非限制性定语从句,用 among
which 来引导,译
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为 among which the most welcomed one is...。
参考答案:
Chinese people have been proud
of being the descendents of the dragon. This
emotion is
reflected in every aspect of
Chinese culture and society. From primitive times,
the dragon has
been regarded as a creature
with the power to protect and influence people's
lives. The
emperors in ancient times were
regarded as the real dragon from the heaven, a
symbol of
dignity and power. Many legends and
stories about dragon are spread among the people.
There are also various folk activities related
to dragon, among which the most welcomed one is
Dragon Boat Race.
第三篇 空气质量
7月底,中国环境保护部(China's Environment Protection Min
istry)发布了今年上半年空气质
量状况报告。报告称,除了拉萨(Lhasa)、海口、舟山和惠
州四个城市,我国其他主要大城
市的空气质量均未达标。造成这一结果的原因有很多,其中包括不断增长
的机动车数量和
工业品产量。空气污染状况的不断恶化严重威胁公众的健康。一位官员表示,一份旨在控
制空气污染的方案将在年内公布。
1.第1句中的定语“今年上半年空气质量状况
”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,用介词短语
on air quality in the
first half of this
year来表达,汉语中表示范畴的“状况”一词按英文表达习
惯可以省译。
2.第2句中的
“我国其他主要大城市的空气质量均未达标”如果逐字对译则语句生硬,表达
效果平平。翻译时,
宜采用“否定前移”的方法,对主语“我国其他大城市”进行否定,谓语
则变为肯定,译为no
other major city...is up to...。
3.第3句“造成这一结果的原因有很多,其中包括……”可直译为many
reasons
lead to the consequence,
including...,但为了突出原文中的两个原因,可将原因置于
句首,译作growing
motor vehicles...area among...factors contributing
to the consequence。
4.最后—句中的定语“旨在控制空气污染的”表目的,故用不定式短语to contro1 air
Pollution
来表达。
参考答案:
At the end of
July, China's Environment Protection Ministry
releasedpostedannounced a report
on air
quality in the first half of this year. the
lattersecond half of the year
According to the
report, except four cities, namely Lhasa, Haikou,
Zhoushan and Huizhou, no other major city in
the country is up to the standard of air quality.
Growing motor vehicles and industrial
outputproducts are among a variety of factors
contributing
to this consequence. Worsening
air pollution composes a serious threat to the
health of the
public. An official said a
schemeplan to control air pollution would be
published within the year.
由于中国北方重度雾霾(heavy smog)持续不散,公众越发关注空气污染问题。一些网民(netizen)甚至对污染的程度表达了愤怒情绪。治理空气污染迫在眉睫。中国多个城市实行
汽车限购,希望此举一方面能缓解交通拥堵,一方面能控制空气污染。中国政府准备推出
一个长期计划来
控制导致严重污染的行业。政府也将额外支出60亿元人民币来改善北方地
区的空气质量。
1.在第1句中,“公众”表达为the public,做主语时,谓语动词用单、复数都可以;作为
一
个整体,谓语动词用单数;强调每一个具体成员,谓讲动词用复数。“由于中国北方……”
表
原因,故处理成愿意状语从句,译作Since due to the lastinglingering
heavy smog stays continually in northern
China, 地点状语“中国北方”置于句末。
2.第8句中的“……迫在眉睫”套用句it is
extremely urgent to
do...来表达。主语“治理空气污
染”用不定式来表达目的,译作to control air
pollution。
3.第4句中的“希望此举一方面能……,一方面能……”处理为主句“中国多
个城市已经限制
购车”(Many Chinese cities have imposed
limits on car
purchases)的伴随动作,用现在分词短语 hoping
to ease... and meanwhile control...来表达,使
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译文流畅、衔接紧密。
4.倒数第2句中的“来控制导致严重污染的行业”为目的状语,用动词不定式短语来表达
to
control industries...,其中定语“导致严重污染的”较长,故将其处理成定语从句,译
作
which cause heavy
pollution,置于被修饰语industries之后。
Since heavy
smog stays continually in northern China, the
public is increasingly concerned
about air
pollution, Some netizens even express their anger
over the pollution levels. It's
extremely
urgent to control air pollution. Many Chinese
cities have imposed limits on car
purchases,
hoping to easerelieve the traffic jam, and
meanwhile control air pollution. The Chinese
government is launching a long-term plan to
control industries which cause heavy pollution. It
is also spending an additional six billion
yuan on the improvement of air quality in the
northern region.
第四篇 智能手机
智能
手机日益渗入人们的生活。许多年轻人似乎一刻也离不开它。在大街上,经常可以看
到一些年轻人不停地
用智能手机拍照,添加一段说明,然后放到微博(microblog)或微信
(WeChat)上。的
确,智能手机为人们的沟通提供了前所未有的便利:它让人们能随时随地
与朋友互动,分享新鲜事。但是
,相关学者对此也表示了担忧。因为智能手机反而使身边
的人疏远了。
1.笫1句中的“日益”用副词increasingly来表达,比短语more and
more来得精彩。
2.第2句“许多年轻人似乎一刻也离不开它”套用句型比seems
that…来表达,更符合英语表
达习惯。
3.第3句中的“一些年轻人不停地用智能手机拍照”如果逐字对译为some
young
people can't stop using their smart phones to take
pictures,则稍显生涩。把“不停地”译成 be busy doing
sth...“用智能手机”置 于句末作状语
on their smart phones,符合英
语表达习惯。“然后放到微博或微信上”中的“然后”表明先后顺
序,可直译为and
then,但英语中更常用before “在……之前”来表达动作的先后顺序,这
种说法更地道。
4.第4句中的“提供了……便利:它让人们能随时随地与朋友互动,分享新鲜事”,此句冒
号
后的内容为“提供便利”的具体形式,故可用by引导的介词短语表达。“随时随地个是时
间状语,另一
个是地点状语。在英语表达习惯里,时间状语比地点状语更为远离中心语,
因此译为anywhere
anytime。
Smart phone increasingly
penetrates into people's lives. It seems that many
young people can't
live a moment without it.
In the streets, we can often see that young people
are busy taking
pictures and typing some
information on their smart phones, before posting
them on their
microblogs or WeChat. Indeed,
smart phones provide great convenience for people
by letting
them interact with friends anywhere
anytime and share something new. However, some
scholars
concerned egress concern towards it
Smart phones are driving their ixsere away from
people
around them.
alienated
isolated
第五篇 十二生肖
为了让人们更好地记住年份,我
们的祖先用12只动物来代表年份。即“十二生
肖”(Chinese Zodiac)。每一年由一种
动物代表,每隔12年进行一个循环,从鼠开始,
以猪为结尾。每一种动物还有其独特的文化内涵
(cultural connotation}。例如,牛年
出生的人据说“勤奋、冷静、可靠”,虎
年出生的人则“强大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖
在亚洲的其他国家,如韩国和日本也很流行。
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1.第1句中的“为了让人们更好地记住年份”,如果直译成
in order to
make people remember the years more easily。表达不够地道,
有中
国式英语的感觉。“让人们”是汉语中约定俗成的表达,翻译时可“省译”,此处表达为
t
o order to remember即可。“即‘十二生肖’”可紧跟上文,用which引导的非限制性
定
语从句来表达。
2.第2句中的“每隔12年进行一个循环”可以用every 12
years comes in a circle表
达,主语every 12
years为整体念的单数名词。“从鼠开始,以猪为结尾”用现在分词短
语beginning
with Rat and ending with Pig来表达,作“循环”的后置定语。
3.第4句中的“牛年出生的”宜处理成后置定语,用分词短语born in the Year
of Ox来
表达。“据说……”译为 is said to...。
4.翻译最后一句时,先译出主干(The Chinese Zodiac remains
popular)。地点状语
“在亚洲的其他国家”用介词短语 in other Asian
countries 来表达。
In order to remember the
years more easily, our ancestors used twelve
animals to represent
the years, which is
called the
every 12 years comes in a circle
beginning with Rat and ending with Pig. Each
animal has its
unique cultural connotations.
For example, a person born in the Year of Ox is
said to be hardworki
ng, calm, and reliable,
while the person born in the Year of Tiger is
powerful, brave, and
impatient. The Chinese
Zodiac remains popular as well in other Asian
countries, such as Korea
and Japan.
第六篇 农民工
中国的农民工(migrant worker)是从农村到城市来寻找工作
的农民。他们在建筑工地、
工厂、饭店以及家政服务业寻求工作。这些农民工推动着中国经济的快速增长
。据报道,
去年中国有1.67亿农民工。这个庞大的群体时常面临着被拖欠工资(pay
arrears)、缺乏
工伤赔偿(workplace workplace injury com
pensation)和医疗保障,以及子女上学
难等诸多问题。近几年,中国政府日益改善农民工的权
益。
1.第1句中的定语“从农村到城市来寻找工作的”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,译
作
from countryside looking for jobs in the
cities。
2.仔细分析后发现,第2句和第3句之间的关联性较强,宜将第3句处理成主干
(they
power the country's fast-growing
economy),第2句处理为方式状语,用
介词短语by working
in…来表达,结构清晰、逻辑性强。
3.第4句“据报道,去年中国有1.67亿农民工”可译
为 It is reported
that there were 167 million migrant
workers in
China last year,但这样还不如将“据报道”处理为副词来得简洁,表达为
There
were reportedly 167 million migrant workers in
China last year。
4.第5句“这个庞大的群体......诸多问题”较长,翻译时,先翻出主干
(the
huge group faces various
problems),同位语“被拖欠工资、缺乏工伤赔偿和
医疗保障,以及子女上学难等”用such
as引出。“子女上学难” 实则为“缺少教育资源”,
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为使结构平行和表达简洁,可译作a lack of workplace injury
compensation, health care and schooling for
their children.
China's migrant workers
are farmers from the countryside looking for jobs
in the cities. They
power the country’s fast
growing economy by working in construction sites,
factories,
restaurants and home services
industry. There were reportedly 167 million
migrant workers in
China last year. The huge
group often faces various problems such as pay
arrears and a lack of
workplace injury
compensation, health care and schooling for their
children. In recent years,
the Chinese
government has been Improving migrant workers'
rights.
第七篇 铁路发展
中国的铁路建设始于清朝(the Qing
Dynasty)末年。自新中国成立后,中国的铁路得到了飞
速发展。目前中国拥有仅次于美国和俄罗
斯的全球第三大铁路网。在中国,铁路是国家重
要的基翅设施(infrastructure)、大众
化的交通工具。每逢寒暑假、节假日,总会出现“一票难
求”的现象。据报道,中国将优先发展西部地区
,特别是贫困地区的铁路,引导当地人民走
向致富之路。
第2句“中国的铁路得到了飞速发展”如果直译为 Chinese railway has
developed rapidly则显
平淡,此处可用see表示“(时代等)以…为特点,历经…
…”的意义,将其译为
Chinese railway seen
rapiddevelopment,这样译文更生动地道。
2.第3句中的定语“仅次于美国和俄罗斯的”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,表达为
only
second to the UnitedStates and Russia.
3.第5句“总
会出现‘一票难求’的现象”是汉语中的无主语句,其常见的处理方式有:增添主
语;译为被动语态;译
成there be结抅;使用形式主语it。结合该句,可使用形式主语it,
译成it is
difficult to get a trainticket;或并充出主语译为
Chinese
travelers find it difficult to...,“一票难求”可用 find it
difficult to dosth.句型来表达。
4.最后一句中的“优先发展……”和“引导
当地人民走向致富之路”在原文中是并列结构,但实
际上后者表目的,故将其译作目的状语to
lead to wealth for local
people,“引导走向致富之路”
用短语lead to wealth 比直译为lead
people to the path of wealth 更简洁地道。
Railway construction in China began in the
late Qing Dynasty. Chinese railway has seen rapid
development since the founding of New China.
Currently, China has the world's third largest
railway network only second to the United
State and Russia. Railway is an important
infrastructure of the country and a popular
traffic tool. During the summer and winter
vacations, and national holidays, Chinese
travelers always find it difficult to get a train
ticket. It
is reported that China will
prioritize give priority to
railway
development in western regions, particular the
poor areas, to lead to wealth for
local
people.
第八篇 中国式婚礼
中国传统婚礼反映着中国的哲学思想。婚礼
上总是用红色的东西来表达祝福和尊重。这是
因为中国人将红色看作是幸福、成功和好运的象征。婚姻不
仅是一对新人的结合,也象征
着两个家庭的结合。邀请亲朋好友来参加婚礼体现着人与人之间的关系和礼
节
(formality)。婚礼上奏乐的声音通常很响,响到足以让自然“听到”,同时也证明婚姻的
重要性。
1.翻译第2句“婚礼上总是用红色的东西......”时,为符合英
语表达习惯,应“增译”出动作
执行者,表达为people always fill...
with red things。“来表达祝福和尊重”表目的,
故将其译作目的状语to
expressblessings and respects。
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2.仔细分析可发现,第3句“这是因为中国人将红色看作是幸福、成功和好运的象征”中的
“
这”指代前面—句的论述,故可以将此句和前一句合译,用表原因的连词for引出状语从句
for t
hey...。“红色”在翻译时要增译thecolor才符合英语“形合”的特点。定语“幸福、成
功和好运的”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,用of引出,表达为
of haziness,
success, and good luck。
3.第5句中的主语“邀请亲朋好友来参加婚礼”
可用分词短语
Invitingrelatives and Mends to the
wedding
来表达。主谓人称和数相一致的原则,
此处主语是指一件事情,故谓语用第三人称单数形式。
4.最后一句“声音通常很响,响到足以......”,如果逐字对译为
the sound
is always loud, and loud
enoughto...译文显晦涩,按英语避免重复的表
达习惯,“省译”一个loud。
Traditional Chinese weddings reflect
Chinese philosophy. People always
fill their
weddings with
red things to express blessings
and respects, for they regard the color red
as
the symbol of
happiness, success, and good
luck A marriage is not only a combination
of
the couple but also
the symbol of the unity of
two families. Inviting relatives and friends to
th
e wedding symbolizes
the relationships
and the formality between people. The sound of
musical
instruments in the
wedding
usually loud enough to make nature know and to
demonstrate
the importance of the marriage.
第九篇 胡同
胡同(Hutong)是北京的一大特色,有着与北京城一样久远的
历史。最早的胡同出现在元朝
(the
YuanDynasty),如今大部分胡同是在明清时代(the Ming and Qing
Dynasties)
形成的。据专家考证,“胡同”一词源 干蒙古语(Mongolian)的“井
”。自古以来胡同都是北
京城里普通市民生息的场所,可以说是北京平民文化的代表。但随着人口的增加
,很多古
老的胡同已经消失,取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦。
1.第1句中的“有着与北京城一样久远的历史”用介词短语
witha history
as long as that of Bering city
来表达,以插入语形式置于主语之后,
这样整个句子的中心更突出。
2.第2句“最早的胡同出现在……”翻译时转换成“胡同最早出现
在……”(Hutong
first appeared..)更符合英语的表达习惯。“胡同是在明、清时代形成
的”虽然形式
上是主动的,但意义上却表被动,故翻译时转换成被动讲态,译
作 Hutongs were
formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties。
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3.第4句“自古以来胡同都是......”用完成时态Hutong has always
been...与
since ancient times搭配,很好地表达了这种状态的延续性。
4.最后一句中的“取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦”如果逐字对译为
and
are replaced by themodern but not characterized
high-rise
buildings则显
生硬,不如选用意为“给......让出地方”的短语tomake way
for来作前一个分句的目的状
语,这样译文更生动流畅。
Hutong,
with a history as long as that of Beijing city, is
a major feature of Beijing. Hutong first
appeared during the Yuan Dynasty, and most of
today's Hutongs were formed during the Mingand
Qing Dynasties. According to experts, the word
meaning
times and it's said to be a
representative of Beijing civilian culture.
However, with the increase
of the population,
many old Hutongs have disappeared to make way for
modem but not
characterized high-rise
buildings.
风水
风水(Fengshui)
是一门使人与环境达到和谐的艺术,是中国哲学在环境上的反映。人们相
信自然环境影响人的命运。他们
期望通过调整建筑的设计与布局,达到人与环境和谐,并
使人得益于环境。风水也有迷信(supers
tition)的一面。如今风水在中国城市的年轻人
中已不太时兴,但在中国的农村、香港、台湾地区
以及新加坡和马来西亚,风水仍然流
行。
1.第1句含有两个分句,翻译时可把前
一个分句“是……艺术”看作“风水”的同位语译出,
后一个分句作为句子的主干。定语“一门使人与环
境达到和谐的”和“中国哲学在环境上的”
都较长,可采用“n + of +...
”的所有格形式,表所属。
2.第3句分句较多,信息较零散,但仔细分析可发现达到人与环境和谐,
并使人得益于环
境”是目的,而“通过调整建筑的设计与摆设”是方式,故翻译本句时宜改变句子的语序
,把
表示目的内容作为句子的主干,而“通过调整”则译成through引导的方式状语置后。
3.第4句“风水也有迷信的一面”,可译成“be of +
n.”的结构,强调“具有......特性”。
4.在最后一句中,地点状语“在……马来西亚”很
长,故翻译时将其置于句末,避免句子头
重脚轻,也更符合英语的表达习惯。
Fengshui, an art of harmonizing people with
their environment, is the reflection of Chinese
philosophy in environment. People believe that
the natural environment affects people's
fortunes. They expect to achieve harmony with
the environment, and benefit from it
through
adjusting the design and layout of their houses.
Fengshui is also of superstition on its
side.
Nowadays it is not much popular with young Chinese
in the cities, but it is still welcomed
in
Chinese rural areas, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well
as countries like Singapore and Malaysia.
第十一篇 道教
道教(Taoism)是中国土生土长的宗教,已经影响了中国人两千多年。
道教有三个起源,最
古老的是“黄帝”(Yellow Emperor)传说。第二个来源是庄子的作
品。但最著名的是老
子的《道德经》。道家强调自由、自然、修身养性(self-cultivati
on),甚至追求永生
(immortality)。道教对中国文化的许多领域都产生了深刻而持久的
影响,包括艺术、哲
学、医学和美食,并在东亚地区广泛流传。
1.第1句有两个分句,其主
语都是“道教”译时可选用其中一个分句作为句子的主句,另一
分句处理成状语或定语从句。译文把后半
句“已经影响......”处理成定语从句,修饰
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完美 WORD 格式
religion,使句子结构紧凑连贯,Taoism a...religion that
has shaped...。“影响了中
国人”译为 shape Chinese life
比直译为 affect Chinese 要准确贴切。
2.第2句的主干是“道教有三个起源”,
后半句“最古老的是……”意思独立,可用介词with
加独立主格结构表伴随状态,译作
wi
th the oldest being the legend of “Yellow
Emperor”,表达简洁流畅,符合英文
的行文特点。
3.第3、4句均较短,且意思联
系紧密,都是讲述道教的起源,故合译成一句,用表对比
的while连接。
4.翻译中遇到
的人名和作品的名称均可以用汉语拼音译出,如老子译成Laozi,《道徳经》
译成Dao De
Jing。
5.最后一句的主干为“道教……产生……影响,……并在……广泛流传”,可译成and
连接的并
列句。但因前半句较长而后半句较短,句子结构不平衡,宜将后半句拆译处理,另起一
句,译作It has also spread
widely...状语“对中国文化的许多领域”表达为
in many fields of
Chinese culture;“包括艺术、哲学......”是对“许多领域”的补充说
明,用
分词短语including the arts, philosophy...来表达。
Taoism is a Chinese native religion that has
shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000
years.
There are three sources of Taoism's
origin, with the oldest being the legend of
Emperor
i's DaoDe Jing. Taoism emphasizes
freedom, nature, self-
cultivation and even
pursues immortality.
Taoism has had a deep and
lasting influence in many fields of Chinese
culture, including the
arts, philosophy,
medicine, and cuisine. It has also spread widely
throughout East Asia.
很明显,按照作业成本法下模型所核算出的菜品成本与传
统成本法核算出的菜品成本不同。根据模型所核算出的菜品成本包括了根据资源动因、作业动因分配而来的职工薪
酬、广告宣传费、
维护折旧费、能源通讯费、清洁保管费等间接费用,而传统成本法核算出的菜品成本仅
包括了模型中所提到的直接成本费用。
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