英语四级翻译题目复习课程
许愿星-建议书格式
语级翻译题
英四目
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翻译题目
中国的体育运动经历了几千年
的发展,但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立才成为
一项国家事业。在过去的50多年中,我国的体育
运动取得了可喜的成绩。2008年,北
京成功举办了第29届奥运会,使这次奥运会成为弘扬奥林匹克
精神(Olympic spirit)、促
进世界和平、增进各国人民友谊的一次盛会。目前,为更好
地发展中国体育,一个全
国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来了。
表达难点
1.
第1句中的“直到1949年……才成为一项国家事业”中“直到……才”采用not…until句
型
。“中华人民共和国成立”可处理成修饰“1949年”这个时间的定语从句,译作when the
People's Republic of China was founded.
2.第2句中的“体育运动取得了可喜的成绩”如果直译成the sports have made
great
achievements则表达有误,因为“取得成绩”的是“人”,但此句不用强调施
动者,故译为great
achievements have been made in
sports,表达更地道,也符合英语常用被动语态的习惯。
3.第3句中的“使这次奥运会成
为……的一次盛会”表结果,故用分词短语作结果状语,译作
making it a grand g
athering,定语“弘扬奥林匹克精神、促进世界和平、增进各国人民友谊的”
较长,故将其处理
成定语从句,用三个并列动词来表达:that carried forward…promoted…,
and
enhanced…。
4.最后一句中的“一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立
起来了”虽然形式上是主动的,但意义
上却表被动,故翻译时需转換成被动语态,译作a
nationwide network for sports has been set
up.“为更好地发展中国体育”表目的,故将其处理成目的状语to develop
China's sports in a
better way.
参考译文
China's sports have undergone thousands of
years of development. But it was not
regarded
as an undertaking of the state until 1949 when the
People's Republic of China
was founded. In the
past 50-odd years, great achievements have been
made in China's
sports. Beijing hosted the
29th Olympic Games in 2008 successful, making it a
grand
gathering that carried forward the
Olympic spirit, promoted world peace, and enhanced
the friendship among people of the world. Now
a nationwide network for sports has been
set
up to develop China's sports in a better way.
复杂的汉字(Chinese characters)书写体系是中国古代文化遗留下来的
瑰宝。而这一体系
正面临着退化的命运。随着电脑和智能手机的迅速发展和普及,年轻人拿起笔却写不<
br>出字来的现象越来越常见。若不借助电子产品的帮助,很多人难以写出10万个日常用
字。为此,
中央电视台开播了一档汉字听写比赛(Chinese Character Dictation
Competition)节
目,以引起人们对汉字的重视,帮助观众提高汉字书写能力
。
表达难点
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1.第1句中的“是中国古代文化遗留下来的瑰宝”如果逐字对译为isa treasure
left over by
Chinese ancient
culture,则出现英文表达逻辑错误,left over by应后接施动者,而Chinese
ancient culture 显然不合适,故“遗留下来”应省译,而用介词of表达“汉字简体
系”和“中国
古代文化”之间的所属关系。
2.第3句“随着……的现象越来越常见”可套用句型with…comes a commonly seen
phenomenon
that.年轻人拿起笔却写不出字来的“现象”的同位语,由that引出,译为young
people are barely able to write with pen In
hand,“拿起笔”可译为时间状语从句when they
take up the
pen,但不如介词短语with pen in hand来得简单、地道。
3.第4句中的“很多人难以写出10万个日常用字”可套用句型sb. find it
harddifficult to
do sth.,译为 many people find
it hard to write 10,000 characters frequently used
in daily
life.
4.最后一句中的“以引起……,帮助……”,两个并列结构均表目的,故将其译作状语to
arouse…and improve…。
参考译文
The
complex writing system of Chinese characters is a
treasure of Chinese ancient
culture. But this
system is facing a decline. With the rapid
development and popularity of
computers and
smart phones comes a more commonly seen phenomenon
that young
people are barely able to write
with pen in hand. Without the help of an
electronic product,
many people find it hard
to write 10,000 characters frequently used in
daily life. Thus, the
CCTV launched a program,
attention to Chinese characters and improve
the audience's handwriting ability.
中国传统婚
礼反映着中国的哲学思想。婚礼上总是用红色的东西来表达祝福和尊重。
这是因为中国人将红色看作是幸
福、成功和好运的象征。婚姻不仅是一对新人的结
合,也象征着两个家庭的结合。邀请亲朋好友来参加婚
礼体现着人与人之间的关系和
礼节(formality)。婚礼上奏乐的声音通常很响,响到足以让自
然“听到”,同时也证明
婚姻的重要性。
表达难点
1.翻译第2句“婚礼
上总是用红色的东西……”时,为符合英语表达习惯,应“增译”出动作执
行者,表达为people
always fill…with red
things.“来表达祝福和尊重”表目的,故将其译作目
的状语to express
blessings and respects.
2.仔细分析可发现,第3句“这是因为中国
人将红色看作是幸福、成功和好运的象征”中的
“这”指代前面—句的论述,故可以将此句和前一句合译
,用表原因的连词for引出状语从句for
they…。“红色”在翻译时要增译the colo
r才符合英语“形合”的特点。定语“幸福、成功和好
运的”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,用of引出
,表达为of haziness, success, and good luck.
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3.第5句中的主语“邀请亲朋好友来参加婚礼”可用分词短语Invitingrelatives and
Mends
to the wedding来表达。主谓人称和数相一致的原则,此处主语是指一件事
情,故谓语用第三人称
单数形式。
4.最后一句“声音通常很响,响到足以……”,如果逐字对译为the sound is always
loud,
and loud enough
to…译文显晦涩,按英语避免重复的表达习惯,“省译”一个loud.
参考译文
Traditional Chinese weddings reflect Chinese
philosophy. People always fill their
weddings
with red things to express blessings and respects,
for they regard the color red
as the symbol of
happiness, success, and good luck A marriage is
not only a combination
of the couple but also
the symbol of the unity of two families. Inviting
relatives and friends
to the wedding
symbolizes the relationships and the formality
between people. The sound
of musical
instruments in the wedding usually loud enough to
make nature know and to
demonstrate the
importance of the marriage.
在中国视频网站上
,英剧已然成为新的焦点。中国一些主要门户网站近日已经发布
近1000集英剧。这些网站开始探索新
的市场。中国著名的视频网站一搜狐日前也在运
营英国频道,其中既包含英剧,也有英国音乐。 相比于
美剧,英剧更短小精悍,也更
深奥。根据中国一家公司的报告显示,中国的英剧爱好者多为受过良好教育
的年轻一
族
。
表达难点
1.第3句“这些网站开始探索新的市场
”与前一句关联性较大,主语都是“网站”,故将其处
理成前—句的目的状语,译为to
explore the new market.
2.在翻译第4句“中国著名的视频网站——搜狐……”时,把“搜狐”置于句首,同位语a
famous video website in China紧跟其后,是较地道的英文表达。“其
中既包含英剧,也有英国
音乐”处理成that引导的定语从句,置于先行词channel的后面,n
ot only…but also结构表示
“既……也……”。
3.第5句中的状语“相比于美剧”用短语compared withto American
shows来表达;可置于
句首或句末。
4.在翻译最后一句中的“根据中国一家公司的
报告显示”时,“增译”出动词“发布”
(release),表达更精准,符合英语表达习惯。“受过
良好教育的年轻一族”用两个并列的形容词
young and well-
educated来表达,既清晰又简洁。
参考译文
British dramas
are the new focus for Chinese video websites. Some
major websites in
China have recently released
about 1,000 episodes of British dramas to explore
the new
market Sohu, a famous video website in
China, is running a British channel that includes
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not
only TV dramas, but also British music. Compared
with American shows, British dramas
are
shorter and more sophisticated. A report released
by a Chinese company shows that
British drama
lovers in China are mostly young and well-
educated.
为了让人们更好地记住年份,我们的祖先用12只动物来代表年份。即“十二生肖”
(Chinese
Zodiac)。每一年由一种动物代表,每隔12年进行一个循环,从鼠开始,以猪为
结尾。每一种动
物还有其独特的文化内涵(cultural connotation).例如,牛年出生的人据说
“
勤奋、冷静、可靠”,虎年出生的人则“强大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖在亚
洲的其他国家,如韩国
和日本也很流行。
表达难点
1.第1句中的“为了让人们更好地记住年份”,如果直译成in order to make people
remember the years more easily.表达不够地道,有中国式英语的感
觉。“让人们”是汉语中约
定俗成的表达,翻译时可“省译”,此处表达为to order to r
emember即可。“即‘十二生
肖’”可紧跟上文,用which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。
2.第2句中的“每隔12年进行一个循环”可以用every 12 years comes
in a circle表达,主
语every 12
years为整体念的单数名词。“从鼠开始,以猪为结尾”用现在分词短语beginning
with Rat and ending with Pig来表达,作“循环”的后置定语。
3.第4句中的“牛年出生的”宜处理成后置定语,用分词短语bornin the Year
of Ox来表
达。“据说……”译为 is said to…。
4.翻译最后一句时,先译出主干(The Chinese Zodiac remains
popular)。地点状语“在亚洲
的其他国家”用介词短语 in other Asian
countries 来表达。
参考译文
In order to
remember the years more easily, our ancestors used
twelve animals to
represent the years, which
is called the
animal and every 12 years comes
in a circle beginning with Rat and ending with
Pig. Each
animal has its unique cultural
connotations. For example, a person born in the
Year of Ox
is said to be hard working, calm,
and reliable, while the person born in the Year of
Tiger is
powerful, brave, and impatient. The
Chinese Zodiac remains popular as well in other
Asian
countries, such as Korea and Japan.
李白是唐朝(the Tang Dynasty)的著名诗人。他和他的朋友杜甫是唐代中期中国诗歌
繁盛
时期最杰出的两位人物。他一生四处游历,写下了大约1000首诗篇。这些诗堪称是赞
美
友情、享受大自然和饮酒作乐的模板。他的诗浪漫、豪迈,想象力丰富。作为一个
浪漫主义天才,李白把
中国的传统诗歌形式推向了一个新的离度,对后世的诗歌产生
了深远的影响。
表达难点
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1.第2句中的定语“唐代中期中国诗歌繁盛时期”的中心词是“繁盛时期”(in the
flourishing),“中国诗歌”是其定语,用介词短语of Chinese
poetry来表达,时间范围较大的
“唐代中期”(in the mid-Tang
Dynasty)置于句末。
2.第3句中的“写下了大约1000首诗篇”用分词短语composing about 1,000
pieces of
poems来表达,作状语。后一句以“这些诗”为主语,跟前一句关联较大,故
将其处理成修饰前一
句poems的定语从句,用 which引导。
3.第5句“他的
诗浪漫、豪迈,想象力丰富”是中文的无动词句。翻译时,把“他的诗浪漫”
转换为主干(his
poems are romantic),将“豪迈,想象力丰富”转换为状语,用介词短语with
heroic style and rich imagination来表达。
4.最后一句可直译成并列结构,“推向……高度”用take…to a
height来表达,“对……产生
深远的影响”则用exerted a far-reaching
influence oil…的表达方式。
参考译文
Li Bai was a
famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. He and his friend
Du Fu were the two
most prominent figures in
the flourishing of Chinese poetry in the mid-Tang
Dynasty. He
traveled around the country in his
lifetime, composing about 1,000 pieces of poems
which
were models for celebrating the
friendship, appreciating the nature and the joys
of
drinking wine. His poems are romantic with
heroic style and rich imagination. As a
romantic genius, Li Bai took traditional
poetic forms to a new height and exerted a
far-
reaching influence on the poems of the
future generation.
胡同(Hutong)是北京的一大特色,有着与北京城一样
久远的历史。最早的胡同出现在元
朝(the Yuan
Dynasty),如今大部分胡同是在明清时代(the Ming and Qing
Dynasties)形成的。据
专家考证,“胡同”一词源 干蒙古语(Mongolian)的“井
”。自古以来胡同都是北京城里
普通市民生息的场所,可以说是北京平民文化的代表。但随着人口的增加
,很多古老
的胡同已经消失,取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦。
表达难点
1.第1句中的“馆藏丰富的”用现在分词短语表达,作后置定语,译作boasting
vast
collections.“一座宝藏” 可简单译为a treasure,但不如用a
palace of treasure来表达语义更生
动饱满。
2.第2句中的“但令人遗憾的是”可套用句型it is a pity that…,此处用副词regre
ttably置句
首修饰一整句则更简单,是英语中常用的表达方式。
3.仔细分析可发
现,第4句“这一举动……良好的开端”中的“这一举动”指代前一句的内容,
故将该句处理成非限制性
定语从句,译作which is a good start…。
“为学术馆藏走近普通大众”
表目的,故将其处理成状语,用不定式短语to bring
academic collections closer to the general
public 来表达。
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4.最后一句进行了对比,重点为后一分句内容“国内的髙校博物馆仍然有待发掘”(the
domestic university museums are still waiting
to be discovered)。所以翻译时,可以考虑将这
两个分句进行“合译”,后一分句作
主句,前一分句则处理成用as引导的状语从句,使译文结构紧
凑流畅。
参考译文
The university museums boasting vast
collections are undoubtedly
treasure
some
university in Beijing announce that their museums
will grant free access to the public,
which is
a good start to bring academic collections closer
to the general public. But as
many world-class
university museums have long been famous
attractions for tourists and
scholars, the
domestic university museums are still waiting to
be discovered.
中国的铁路建设始于清朝(the Qing Dynasty)末年
。自新中国成立后,中国的铁路得到了
飞速发展。目前中国拥有仅次于美国和俄罗斯的全球第三大铁路网
。在中国,铁路是
国家重要的基翅设施(infrastructure)、大众化的交通工具。每逢寒
暑假、节假日,总会出
现“一票难求”的现象。据报道,中国将优先发展西部地区,特别是贫困地区的铁
路,引导当地人民走向致富之路
。
表达难点
1.第2句“中国的铁路得到了飞速发展”如果直译为Chinese railway has
developed rapidly
则显平淡,此处可用see表示“(时代等)以…为特点,历经…
…”的意义,将其译为Chinese
railway seen rapid
development,这样译文更生动地道。
2.第3句中的定语“仅次于美国和俄罗斯的”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,表达为only
second to the United States and Russia.
3.第5句“总会出现‘一票难求’的现象”是汉语中的无主语句,其常见的处理方式有:增添
主语;译
为被动语态;译成there be结抅;使用形式主语it。结合该句,可使用形式主语it,译成it is
difficult to get a train
ticket;或并充出主语译为Chinese travelers find it difficult
to…,“一票
难求”可用find it difficult to do sth.句型来表达。
4.最后一句中的“优先发展……”和“引导当地人民走向致富之路”在原文中是并列结构,但实<
br>际上后者表目的,故将其译作目的状语to lead to wealth for local
people,“引导走向致富之
路”用短语lead to wealth比直译为lead
people to the path of wealth更简洁地道。
参考译文
Railway construction in China began in the late
Qing Dynasty. Chinese railway has seen
rapid
development since the founding of New China.
Currently, China has the world's third
largest
railway network only second to the United State
and Russia. Railway is an
important
infrastructure of the country and a popular
traffic tool. During the summer and
winter
vacations, and national holidays, Chinese
travellers always find it difficult to get a
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train
ticket. It is reported that China will prioritize
railway development in western regions,
particular the areas, to lead to wealth for
local people.
风水(Fengshui)是一门使人与环境达到和谐的艺术,是中国
哲学在环境上的反映。人
们相信自然环境影响人的命运。他们期望通过调整建筑的设计与布局,达到人与
环境
和谐,并使人得益于环境。风水也有迷信(superstition)的一面。如今风水在中国城
市的年
轻人中已不太时兴,但在中国的农村、香港、台湾地区以及新加坡和马来西亚,风水
仍然
流行
。
表达难点
1.第1句含有两个分句,翻译时可把前一个分句“是…
…艺术”看作“风水”的同位语译出,后
一个分句作为句子的主干。定语“一门使人与环境达到和谐的”
和“中国哲学在环境上的”都较
长,可采用…的所有格形式,表所属。
2.第3句分句较
多,信息较零散,但仔细分析可发现达到人与环境和谐,并使人得益于环境
“是目的,而”通过调整建筑
的设计与摆设“是方式,故翻译本句时宜改变句子的语序,把表示目
的内容作为句子的主干,而”通过调
整“则译成through引导的方式状语置后。
3.第4句“风水也有迷信的一面”,可译成“be of + n.”的结构,强调“具有……特性”。
4.在最后一句中,地点状语“在……马来西亚”很长,故翻译时将其置于句末,避免句子头重脚<
br>轻,也更符合英语的表达习惯。
参考译文
Fengshui, an art
of harmonizing people with their environment, is
the reflection of
Chinese philosophy in
environment. People believe that the natural
environment affects
people's fortunes. They
expect to achieve harmony with the environment,
and benefit from
it through adjusting the
design and layout of their houses. Fengshui is
also of superstition
on its side. Nowadays it
is not much popular with young Chinese in the
cities, but it is still
welcomed in Chinese
rural areas, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well as
countries like
Singapore and Malaysia.
“汉语桥”世界大学生中文比赛(the
College
Students)是由国家汉办(the Office of Chinese Language
Council International)主办的大规模国
际性比赛。到目前为止,这个一年一度
的比赛已经成功举办了12届。今年的决赛共有
来自77个不同国家的123名选手(contesta
nt)参加。该赛旨在激发各国学生学习汉语的兴
趣及加强世界对汉语和中国文化的了解。
同时,这个比赛也建立起中国年轻大学生和
其他国家学生之间沟通的桥梁
。
表达难点
1.第1句中的定语“由国家汉办主办的”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,用过去分词短
语
sponsored by…引出,表被动。
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2.第2句中的“已经成功举办了12届”形式上为主动句,其
含义却表被动,译成英文时要采用
被动语态,故译作has been successful
held for 12 times.
3.第3句“今年的决赛共有来自77个不同国家的123名选手参加”如果直译成the finals of
this year had 123
contestants…,不符合英文表达习惯:翻译时,先确定好主要结构(a total of
123 contestants participated in the
finals)。“来自77个不同国家的”作主语的后置定语,用介
词短语from 77
different countries来表达。时间状语“今年”置于句末。
4.最后一句中
的“建立起中国年轻大学生和其他国家学生之间沟通的桥梁”如果逐字对译为
builds a
communication bridge between Chinese young college
students and students in
other countries则显重复啰嗦
。故“省译”两个“学生”中的一个,把“中国”和“其他国家”处
理成后置定语,表达为betwee
n young college students of China and other
countries.
参考译文
The
a large-scale
international competition sponsored by the Office
of Chinese Language
Council International So
far this yearly event has been successfully held
for 12 times. A
total of 123 contestants from
77 different countries participated in the finals
this year. The
in learning Chinese and
strengthen the world's understanding of Chinese
language and
culture. It also builds a
communication bridge between young college
students of China
and other countries.
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