中考英语(全国)(知识梳理+真题、模拟训练+预测冲刺)专题22-完成句子和句子翻译
公考热-成都会计考试
专题二十二 完成句子和句子翻译
考点内容 测评要求 3年考题示例
2015江苏常州,54~59;2015江苏淮安,五;2015江苏无锡,
完成句子 掌握
七;2015广东广州,71~75;;2014江苏连云港;2014山西太★★★
原;2013江苏无锡
2015江苏苏州,51~55;2015江苏扬州,76~80;2014江苏苏
翻译句子
掌握
州;2013福建福州
2015上海市,IV;2015江苏南通,61~65;2015甘肃兰
句型转换 掌握
州,101~105;2015湖北孝感;2014甘肃白银;2014广西桂★★★
林;2013上海
1. It’s+adj.+for
sb.+to do sth. 对某人来说做某事怎么样,如:
It is dangerous
for children to play in the street. 孩子们在街上玩是很危险的。
2. It’s time for sth. 是干某事的时间了;
It’s time
(for sb.) to do sth. 该干某事了。如:
①It’s time for
the meeting. 该开会了。
②It’s time for us to go to
school. 我们该上学了。
3. It takes sb. some time to
do sth. 干某事花某人一些时间。
sb. spend some timemoney
on sth.(in) doing sth.
某人花时间(金钱)在某事上花时间(金
钱)干某事。
sth. cost sb.
some money 某事花某人一些钱。
pay some money for sth.
为某事(物)付钱,如:
①It took me two hours to write the
letter. 写这封信花了我两小时的时间。
②He spends half an
hour(in)reading English every morning.
他每天早上花半小时读英语。
③He spends one hour on the
housework every day. 他每天花一小时做家务。
④The bike
cost me 500 yuan. 这辆自行车花了我500元。
★★
中考指数
⑤I spent 500 yuan on the bike.
我买这辆自行车花了500元。
⑥I paid 500 yuan for the bike.
我花了500元买这辆自行车。
重要提示:
cost主语一般为物;spend,pay主语一般为人。例①中it
用作形式主语,动词不定式为真正
主语。
4. too+形容词副词+to do...
太„„以致不能„„ 如:
①I was too excited to say a word.
我激动得一个字也说不出来。
②Tom is too short to reach
the apple.
Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。
重要提示:
这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用so... that...
结构改写。例句①可以改
写成:I was so excited that I couldn’t
say a word.
5. so that... 以便至于„„ 如:
①They
studied hard so that they could pass the exam.
为了能通过考试,他们学习很努力。
②They started early so that
they caught the early bus. 他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。
重要提示:
在例句①中,是引导目的状语;在例句②中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,若从句
中含有情态
动词,则so that引导的为目的状语。若无情态动词,则so
that引导的为结果状语。
6. 祈使句+thenorand+陈述句 如:
①Work hard,and then you will live a happy
life. 努力工作,你就会过上幸福的生活。
②Hurry up,or we will be
late for school. 快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。
注意:以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句②可以改写成:If we don’t
hurry
up,we’ll be late for school.
7. Why
not do...? 为什么不„„?
Let’s do... 让我们做„„吧。
Shall we do...?我们做„„好吗?
Would you liketo
do...?
你想要(做)„„吗?
Will you please do...?
请你做„„好吗?
What (How) about doing...?
做„„怎么样?
had better donot do sth.
最好做不做某事。如:
①—Why not go and ask our
teacher?
——为什么不去问问老师?
—Good idea! Let’s
go. ——好主意!走吧!
②—Shall we go out for a walk?
——我们去散步怎么样?
—No,let’s go to the zoo.
——不,我们去动物园吧。
③Will you please fetch some
chalks for me? 请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?
④—What about
singing an English song? ——唱首英文歌曲怎么样?
—Wonderful! ——好极了!
⑤You had better put on
the coat when you go out. 你出去时最好把外套穿上。
8. I
don’t think his answer is right.
我认为他的答案不对。 如:
①I can’t believe she is right. 我相信她是不对的。
②You don’t think they will come tomorrow,do
you? 你认为他们明天不会来,是吗?
重要提醒:
think,believe,su
ppose等接宾语从句,表示否定时否定主句。变为反意疑问句时,若主语是
第一人称,简短问句与宾
语从句的主谓语保持一致,若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保
持一致。例句①变为反意疑问句应为
:I can’t believe she is right,is she?
9.
such+名词性词组+that...;so+形容词副词+that... 如此„„以至于„„如:
①She is such a good teacher that we all love
her. 她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。
②It was such a hot day
that they didn’t go out for a walk as usual.
这么热的天气,他们没有
像往常一样去散步。
重要提醒:
(1)“such+a(
an)+形容词+名词+that...”,可以改写成“so+形容词+a(an)+名词+that...”
,例
句①可以改写成:She is so good a teacher that we all
love her.
(2)在“such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that...”结构中
,形容词如果是manyfew或
muchlittle时,用so不用such,即:
so+manyfew+可数名词复数+that...,so+muchlittle+不可数名
词+
that...。如:
①There are so many people in the
room that I can’t get in.
房间里人太多,我进不去。
②The man has so much money that he can buy a
car.
那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。
10. there
be...;either...or...;neither...nor...;not
only...but also...如:
①There is a pen and two
pencils in his pencil-box. 他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
②Not only you but also I want to go
travelling.
不但你,我也想去旅游。
③Either you or I
am leaving for Shanghai.
要么你去上海,要么我去上海。
④Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。
⑤Both Jack and Tim are English. Jack和Tim都是英国人。
重要提示:
当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要遵循“就近原则”。对比both...and...
来
记忆,both...and... 连接主语时视为复数。
一、
命题意图分析法
一般说来,句子翻译都有个明显的考查意图,要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达,要
么
是考查某个句型的结构或搭配,或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用等等。在做题时若能明
确
命题者的考查意图,那么便可加强做题的针对性,从而做到有的放矢。
【例】
(2015·福建福州)
1. 建立自贸区为福州带来了新的机遇。
up
free-trade zone new possibilities to Fuzhou.
2. 为纪念抗日战争胜利七十周年,全国将于9月3日放假。
There is
going to a national holiday in memory of
China’s in
Anti-Japanese War seventy years
ago.
3. 多么令人悲伤的消息呀!数以千计的人在尼泊尔地震中丧生。
sad news! of people lost their
lives in the earthquake in Nipal.
4.
别忘了毕业后与老师和同学保持联系。
Don’t to keep in with
your teachers and classmates after you graduate.
5. 只要我们共同努力, 中国梦就一定会实现。
As as we work
hard, China Dream is sure to come .
【答案】
1. Setting;brings 2. be;victory 3. What;thousands
4. forget;touch 5.
long;true
二、 习惯表达法
由于历史、文化等方面的原因,英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同之处,这一点
考生一定要引起
足够的重视,千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。比如:汉语中常说“希望
建议同意拒绝某人做某事”
,但英语习惯上却不能 hopesuggestagreerefuse sb to do
sth.;又比
如:汉语中的“红茶”,按英语的习惯是说成 black
tea,而不是对应地说成red tea。再比如:汉
语的“踢足球”和“打篮球”,分别要用“踢”
和“打”,且习惯上不能替换(即不说“打足球”
或“踢篮球”),但在英语中既不用kick(踢),
也不用beat(打),却通用一个play。
所有这些方面
的基础语法知识和基本惯用法知识,同学们在复习迎考过程中都要特别注意。
【例】 (2015·辽宁营口)
阅读下面短文,将短文中画线部分的句子翻译成中文。(共6分,每小题2分)
Spring
Festival arrived on Feb.19th this year. It’s Year
of the Sheep. What stories do you
know about
the animal?
(1)One of China’s biggest
cities, Guangzhou, is called the “City of
Goats(山羊)”. It is said
that thousands of years
ago, five fairies(仙女)came down from heaven on
goats. They left good
grain seeds(谷物的种子)for
people. They hoped people there had enough food.
The fairies flew
away. And the goats became
stone sculptures(石雕). They still stand in the city
center today.
(2)In western cultures, the
sheep is not only patient but also helpful. The
sign of Aries(白羊
座) is also the first sign of
the Zodiac(十二星座). In China, those who were born in
the Year of the
Sheep are said to have good
qualities(品质). They are sensitive(敏感的), creative
and smart. And
they are not afraid of
difficulties. Chinese legend says that people born
in the Year of the Sheep
have a
difficult life. Is that really true?(3)But today
many men who were born in the Year of the
Sheep lead a very good life. For example, US
Microsoft founder Bill Gates, world-famous actress
Zhang Ziyi and singer Gem Tang from Hong Kong.
【答案】 1. 中国最大的城市之一 ,广州,被称为“羊城”。
2.
在西方文化中,羊不仅是有耐心的,而且还是乐于助人的 对人有帮助的(动物)。
3.
但是今天,许多在羊年出生的人属羊的人都生活得很好过得很好有好命过得生活
得很幸福。
三、 整体翻译法
不少同学在做翻译练习中往往有逐字翻译的习惯,比如:当他要译“他年龄
很大”这样一
个极为简单的句子时,他往往会逐字译为 His age is very big.
而不是正确地译为 He is old.
又如要译“我工作很忙”,他不是正确地译为 I’m
busy,而是逐字译为 My work is very busy.
所
有这些问题考生在复习迎考中都要予以充分重视。
【例】 (2015·江苏扬州)
1. 英式英语与美式英语有点不同。
2. 我迫不及待地想知道考试的结果。
3. 我怀疑那个活动是否值得参加。
4.
不用熬夜,否则你会在课上打瞌睡。
5.
David如此爱好阅读以至于他每天在这方面花一小时。
【解析】 翻译该题句子时,
首先要在头脑里形成一个整体概念,即整体句型是什么,不能
逐字翻译。第1题要用be
different from来翻译;第2题需要用can’t wait to do
sth.结构来翻译;
第3题的整体结构是 doubt whether...;第4题用并列连词o
r来翻译成含并列状语从句的句子;
第5题要用so...that结构来翻译。
【答案】
1. British English is a little different from
American English.
2. We can’t wait to know the
result of the exam.
3. I doubt whether the
activity is worth taking part in.
4.
Don’t stay up, or you will feel sleepy in class.
5. David is so crazy about reading that he
spends an hour on it every day.
四、 短语填充法
有
些考题要求我们在空格处填入一个短语。因此,在平时的学习和复习中要有一定量的
短语积累。但是,将
短语放在句子中考查,就不能单纯地翻译短语了,要结合与其他部分的联系,
明确其适当的形式。
【例】 (2015·江苏连云港)
1. Now more and more
young people (让座)the elderly on the bus in our
city.
2. Sandy is looking forward to
(成为一员)the Papercut Club of our school.
3. —I
miss my neighbours very much after I moved into
the new flat.
—So do I. I (过去常常) play
cards and Chinese chess with them.
4. —How do
you usually go to work?
—I usually go to work
by bus, but sometimes I (开车上班).
5. John’s
parents have gone abroad. He keeps asking
(他们什么时候回来).
【解析】 1. give their seats to
解析:“让座”翻译成give one’s seat to
sb。该段与要注
意两处:one’s的具体形式和名词seat的数。
2.
beingbecoming a member of 解析:“成为一员”的翻译成bebecome a
member of,但
要注意bebecome的形式。Look forward
to中的to是介词,后接名词或动名词。
3. used to
解析:“过去常常”翻译成used to, 注意不要和be used to(习惯于)混淆。
4. drive to work 解析:“开车上班”翻译成drive to work。
5. when they will come back 解析:要求翻译的是一个宾语从句,
要注意宾语从句用陈述
句语序。