慰问-钢铁是怎样炼成的读后感600

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一、过度包装
话题原文：
过度包装浪费资源、污染 环境、危害社会利益，于国家、社会和个人都是有百害而无一利，
应坚决予以杜绝。要建立朴素的包装理 念，提倡适度包装。建设节约型社会
(conservation-minded society)， 社会、企业和个人都有责任。个人要建立绿色消费观，提
倡朴素消费。如果人际交往中重情谊轻礼品，重 实际轻面子，这样过度包装就没有生存的土壤。
社会应加大宣传力度，引导朴素、理性的消费观念，培育 健康的社会风貌。
参考译文：
Over-packaging should be forbidden due to its wasting resources, polluting the
environment, endangering social interest, which will do nothing but harm to the
country, society and individuals. We should establish the idea of packaging simply and
advocate proper package. It's the common responsibility of society, enterprises and
individuals to construct a conservation-minded society. Individuals should build up. a
view of green consumption and advocate plain-consuming. If everyone emphasizes
friendship rather than gifts, content rather than surface in social relationship,
over-packaging can by no means exist .Our society should further advocate the
concept of plain and reasonable consuming so as to foster a healthy social
atmosphere.
1.有百害而无一利:可译为do nothing but harm to...。其中do nothing but意为“只，
仅仅”，更有“除此之外并无其他”的意味。也可以用is of no good for来表达。
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2.节约型社会:可以有多种表达，如conservation-minded society,
conservation-oriented society或resource-saving society等。
3.绿色消费观:可译为a view of green consumption。“观点”可以用view, concept,
idea等词表达。
4.朴素消费:可译为plain- consuming。其中plain意为“朴素的，简朴的”，例如 “艰
苦朴素”可译为hardworking and plain-living。
5.重情谊轻礼品:可以理解为“重视情谊而不是礼品”，故此处译为emphasizes
friendship rather than gifts。

二、脸谱
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
脸谱(facial makeup)是指中国传统戏剧—京剧里男演员脸部的彩色化妆。 它在色彩、形
式和类型上有一定的 格式。脸谱运用红色、黄色、白色、黑色、紫色、绿色和银色代表不同的
人物性格。各角色的脸谱由油漆 、粉和油彩画成，基 本形式是整脸、三块瓦脸(San Kuai Wa
Lian)和碎脸。这些脸谱类型被广泛用于代 表将军、官员、英雄、神灵和鬼魅。通过眼睛和鼻
子周围形状各异的白色小块, 可以辨别出丑角(Chou actors)。有时这些小块以黑色勾勒，常称
小花脸。
参考译文:
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Facial makeup refers to the colorful painting on the face of the actors in Peking
Opera, which is a traditional Chinese opera. It has certain format in terms of
color ,design and type .Red，yellow，white，black，purple，green and silver are the main
colors used for facial makeup to represent different characters. The facial designs for
the roles are made by painting, powdering and coloring in the basic forms of
ZhengLzan(keeping the basic face pattern)，San Kuai Wa Lian(three-section face) and
SuiLian(fragmentary face).These types are widely used to represent generals ,officials，
heroes ,gods and ghosts. The Chou (clown) actors can be recognized by the patch of
white in various shapes painted around the eyes and nose. Sometimes these patches
are outlined in black, often called Xiao Hua Lian(partly painted face).
1.脸部的彩色化妆:可译为the colorful painting on the face。
2.在色彩、形式和类型上:可用词组in terms of表达，译为in terms of color ,design and
type。
3.整脸、三块瓦脸和碎脸:“整脸”是最原始的脸谱形式，利用双眉把脸分为额 和面两个
部分的脸谱 ;“三块瓦脸”是在整脸的基础上再利用口鼻把面部分为左右的脸谱;“碎脸”是三
块瓦脸的变种，其分 界边缘花形极大，破坏了原有的轮廓。这里可先音译成汉语拼音，再在括
号内加以解释说明。
4.形状各异的:即“不同形状的”，可译为in various shapes或in different shapes。
5.丑角:翻译为Chou actors，同样地，括号内可以加注解(Clown)。
6.勾勒:翻译为outline。
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三、酒文化
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
在中国，酒(white spirit)作为一种特殊的文化形式，有着5000多年的历史。确 超所著
的《杯里春秋》(The Spring and Autumn in the Cup)—书 认为，喝酒有点像学问，而不是大
吃大喝。中国历史上有很多关于酒的故事。唐代伟大诗人李白可以“斗 酒诗百篇”，喝得越多，
他的诗就作得越好。在中国民俗中，酒有着极其重要的地位。不论是君王还是平 民，都用烈酒
(spirit)庆祝各个节日、婚礼、生日聚会， 纪念逝者，为亲友接风或送行，庆贺好消息，摆脱
焦虑和治疗疾病以求长寿。
参考译文:
White spirit，as a special form of Chinese culture ,has a history of more than 5,000
years. According to the book The Spring and Autumn in the Cup by Lin Chao，white
spirit drinking is something of learning rather than eating and drinking. There are
many stories about white spirit in Chinese history. The great poet Li Bai in the Tang
Dynasty could “write 100 poems after drinking white spirit”，and the more white
spirit he drank, the better his poem would be. White spirit plays an extremely
important role in Chinese folk custom. Spirits are used to celebrate different festivals，
wedding ceremonies and birthday parties，to memorize the departed，to welcome and
send off relatives and friends, to congratulate the good news and to get rid of anxiety，
to cure diseases and prolong life，both for emperors and ordinary people.
1.有点像学问:可译为be something of learning。这里be something of意为“有点像”，
例如He is something of a musician.(他有点像音乐家)。
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2.而不是大吃大喝:可译为rather than eating and drinking。其中“而不是”用rather
than表达更简洁，也可用instead of。
3.斗酒诗百篇:即“喝完酒后能写100首诗”，可译为write100 poems after drinking
white spirit。
4.有着极其重要的地位:可译为plays an extremely important role in…
5.各个节日、婚礼、生日聚会:可译为different festivals，wedding ceremonies and
birthday parties。
6.为亲友接风或送行:“接风”即“欢迎”，故此处可译为welcome and send off
relatives and friends。其中send off意为“送行”，也可用 see sb off 为某人送行”。
四、丝绸之路
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是中国古代最著 名的贸易路线。在这条路上运输的商品中，丝绸
占很大部分，因此得名“丝绸之路”。丝绸之路起点始于 长安。终点远达印度、罗马等国家。
丝绸之路从汉代开始形成，到唐代达到鼎盛，骆驼曾是丝绸之路上的 主要交通工具。中国的造
纸、印刷等伟大发明通过这条路传播到了西方，而佛教等宗教也被引入中国。丝 绸之路不仅仅
是古代国际贸易路线，更是连接亚洲、非洲、欧洲的文化桥梁。
参考译文：
The Silk Road is the most well-known trade route in ancient China. It got its name
because silk comprised a large proportion of commodities transported along this road.
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The Silk Road extended from Chang'an to countries as far as India and Rome. It came
into being during the Han Dynasty and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. With
camels being the major means of transportation, great inventions in China, such as
paper-making and printing were spread to the Western world along this road and
religions like Buddhism were also introduced to China. The Silk Road was not only an
ancient international trade route, but also a cultural bridge linking Asia with Africa and
Europe.
五、人民币升值
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
受到中国经济内部动力(dyn amics)和外来压力的共同影响，人民币近几年来不断升值
(appreciate)。内部影响主 要有中国物价水平、通货膨胀状况、经济增长状况以及利率水平，
外部影响主要来自发达国家施加的压力 ，尤其是日本和美国。人民币升值会增加人民币的购买
力，扩大国内消费者对进口产品的需求，还可以减 轻进口能源和原料的成本负担。但它会影响
国内金融市场的稳定，使出口产品的成本上升，从而降低中国 产品在国际市场上的竞争力。
参考翻译:
Influenced jointly by internal dynamics of Chinese economy and external
pressures, RMB has appreciated constantly in recent years. The internal influences
mainly include China's price level, the situations of inflation and economic growth, as
well as interest rate level, while the external influences mainly come from the
pressures exerted by developed countries, Japan and America in particular. The
appreciation of RMB will not only increase its purchasing power and expand domestic
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consumers' demands for imported goods, but also alleviate the cost burden of
imported energies and raw materials .However, it may affect the stability of the
domestic financial market and raise the cost of exported products, which would
reduce the competitive power of Chinese products in the global market.
1.第一句“人民币近几年来不断升值”，时态要采用现在完成时 ，表示已经发生并且还在
持续。“受到的共同影响”可采用过去分词作状语，译为influenced jointly by...。
2.第二句由两部分组成，第一部分叙述内部影响，第二部分叙述 外部影响，可用while进
行连接，表示对比。修饰“压力”的定语“来自发达国家施加的”较长，可 后置用过去分词
exerted by developed countries表取;也可译为定语从句which are exerted by...。
3.在“人民币升值会增加…能源和原料的成本负担”中，主语为“人民币升值”，谓语动
词有三个：“ 增加”“扩大”和“减轻”，可以用not only... but also...衔接，体现隐含的递
进关系。
4.最后一句由三个分句组成，其中“从而 降低…”可以理解成前面内容造成的结果，因此
在翻译时可以将此层逻辑关系表达出来，用which引 导的非限制性定语从句补充说明结果。
六、中国古代神话
尽管中国古代神话(myth ology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱
(genealogy)，但它们却有着 鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit
of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时，显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则，而中国古代神话对神
的褒贬 则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来，这种尚德精神影
响着人们对历史人 物的品评与现实人物的期望。
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【参考译文】
Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and
mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of
oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly
compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this
spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent .In Western mythology, especially
Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the
god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in
morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture .For thousands of
years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical
figures and expectations of real people.
七、秦朝
秦朝是中国历史上第一个统一的、多民族的、中央集权的、封建王朝(feudal dynasty)。
尽管秦朝只持续了15年，但是它在中国历史上扮演着重要角色，对后续朝代产生了重大影响。
为了巩 固国家统一，维持秦朝永传万代，秦始皇在政治、经济、军事和文化上进行了很多改革。
政治上，他宣布 自己就是这个国家的皇帝，手握重权。经济上，他统一了度量衡(weights and
measu res)和货币。另外，他还统一了文字以及车轮之间的距离。世界奇迹—万里长城也是他
命令建造的。
【参考译文】
The Qin Dynasty was the first unitary ,multi-national and
power-centralized ,feudal dynasty in Chinese history .Although lasting only for 15
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years ,it played an important role in Chinese history and exerted a great influence on
the foltowing dynasties .To strengthen the unity of the nation and to perpetuate the
Qin Dynasty ,Emperor Qin Shi Huang carried out many reforms in
politics ,economy ,military affairs and culture .In politics ,he declared himself the
emperor of the stale in possession of all major powers .In economy ,he standardized
weights and measures as well as money .In addition ,he standardized the written
characters and the distance between two wheels .The miracle of the world ,the Great
Wall of China was also built under his order.
八、狮舞
狮舞(Lion Dance)是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子 被
视为是能带来好运的吉祥物(mascot)。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保
护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代(the Tang Dynasty)，狮舞就已经
被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节(the Lantern Festival)和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来
祈祷好运、平安和幸福。
The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China .The lion is the
king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring
good luck .Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength,
which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of
more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already
introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance
at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people
could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.
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九、五四运动
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
五四运动(the May Fourth Movement)是1919年5月4日发生的一场反帝反封建
(anti- imperialist, anti-feudal)的政治文化运动。这次运动以北京为中心，很快扩大到上 海、
天津、青岛等许多城市。五四运动是以青年学生为主力，市民、商人和工人等广泛参与的一次
爱琴运动。他们通过示威游行、罢工等各种活动来抗议软弱的政府，要求恢复国家主权
(sovere ignty)。五四运动对中国的政治、文化、教育，以及中国共产党(the Communist Party
of China)的发展有着重要的作用。为了纪念这次运动中华人民共和国成立后正式 宣布5月4
日为中国青年节(the Chinese Youth Day)。
参考翻译:
The May Fourth Movement, which took place on May4, 1919, was an
anti-imperialist, anti-feudal, political and cultural movement. The movement was
centered in Beijing, and soon spread to Shanghai ,Tianjin, Qingdao and many other
cities. It was a patriotic movement with broad participation by citizens, businessmen
and workers, in which young students served as the main force. They took various
activities, such as demonstration and strike, to protest the weak government and
claim to recover the national sovereignty .The May Fourth Movement played a
significant role in Chinese politics, culture, education as well as the development of
the Communist Party of China. In order to commemorate this movement, the May 4
was officially announced as the Chinese Youth Day after the founding of People's
Republic of China.
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1.第一句中的“一场反帝 反封建的政治运动”修饰语很长，可一一对应地翻译成形容词，
并列作定语，即an anti- imperialist, anti-feudal, political and cultural movement。
2.翻译第三句“五四运动是以青年学生…”时，可将“是一次爱国运动”作 为句子主干，
“市民、商人和工人等广泛参与的”处理成with broad participation by...修饰“爱国运动
(patriotic movement)”，“以青年学生为主力”则使用in which引导的定语从句来表达。
3.“抗议软弱的政府，要求恢复国家主权”是举行各种活动的最终目的，可使用不定式来
表达，译为t o protest the weak government and claim to recover the national
sovereignty。
4.最后—句中的“中华人民共 和国成立后正式宣5月4日为中国青年节”，汉语原文中没
有主语，翻译时可采用被动语态。
十、尊师重教
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
尊师重教在中国有着悠久的传统。 自古以来，中华民族都把教育放在十分重要的地位。即
使人们不是很富有，社会上的各个阶层还是会想方 设法让子女上学读书，接受教育。教师的地
位取决于对教育的重视。在中国古代，有许多尊师的说法。对 老师的尊重，表现在社会生活的
各个方面。教师见君王可以免去礼节 (etiquette)，反而官 员们见到老师要躬身下拜。现在，
中国还把每年的九月十日定为教师节,以表达对教师的尊重。
参考翻译:
It is a long-standing tradition in China that people lay much stress on education
and show high respect for the teacher .Since ancient times ,the Chinese nation has put
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education in a very important position .All social classes will try by every means to
have their children go to school to receive education ,even though they are not
rich .The status of the teacher depends on the importance attached to education .In
ancient China ,there were many sayings about respecting the teacher .Respect for the
teacher can be seen in all aspects of social life .The teacher could be excused from
etiquette when meeting the emperor ,but officials should bow down when meeting
the teacher .Nowadays ,China has set September 10th each year as the
Teachers ’Day ,in order to show respect for them.
1.尊师重教:可译为lay much stress on education and show high respect for the
teacher。其中lay much stress on意为“重视，强调”，等同于attach great importance to。
2.想方设法:可译为try by every means to或do everything possible to。
3.地位:即“社会地位”，可译为social status或status。
4.免去礼节:可译为be excused from etiquette。其中“免去”译为be excused from 或
be spared from ,etiquette意为“礼节”。
5.躬身下拜:可译为bow down。
十一、大学生创业
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
近年来大学生创业(entr epreneurship)问题越来越受到社会的关注,因为受过多年教育的
大学生属于高级知识分子 ,他们背负着社会的种种期望。在社会经济繁荣发展的同时,大学生创
业也成为新气象。现代大学生有创 新精神,有对传统观念和传统行业挑战的信心和欲望,而这种
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创新精神也成为大学生创业的动力源泉,成为成功创业的信心基础。 大学生怀揣创业梦想,努力
打拼,实现自己的理想,证明自己的价值。
参考翻译:
Educated for many years ,college students bear expectations from society as
senior intellectuals .Therefore ,in recent years ,society has paid more and more
attention to the entrepreneurship of college students .With the development of our
society and economy ,entrepreneurship of college students has become anew
phenomenon .Being innovative ,college students in modern society have the
confidence and desire to challenge the traditional ideas and professions .It is such
spirit of innovation that makes college students motivated to establish a business and
confident to achieve success .Bearing the dream of establishing a business ,college
students work hard to realize their ideals and prove themselves.
1.越来越受到...的关注:有很多译法,可以灵活处理,如to attract an increasing attention
from…也可译为be focused on more and more,文中翻译为 has paid more and more
attention to。
2.背负着社会的种种期望:可译为bear expectations of society。
3.创业:有很多译法,可以根据不同情况进行选择,文中译为establish a business,也可译为
start one's own enterprise。
4.传统行业:可译为traditional professions或traditional industries。
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5.成为成功创业的信心基础:可以理解为“更有信心取得成功”,故译为be confident to
achieve success。
6.怀揣…梦想:可译为bearing the dream of...,也可译为having the dream of...,这里用现
在分词形式作状语。
7.实现自己的理想:可译为realize one's ideals,还可用to put one's dream into reality
表达。
十二、普通话与方言
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
中国土地广阔，人口众多。尽管全国都讲汉语，但是不同地区的人说汉语的方式不同，这
被 称为方言。方言一般被称为地方话，是汉语在不同地区的分支，只在特定地区使用。汉语方
言非常复杂。 它们有以下三方面不同：发音、词汇和语法。发音的区别最为显著。2000多年
前，中国人发现社交时 应该使用统一的语言。和方言相比，普通话(mandarin)能被所有人理解。
普通话有利于不同种 族、地区人民之间的信息传递和文化交流。
参考翻译:
China has a vast land and a large population. Even though the Chinese language is
spoken all over the country, people in different areas speak it in different ways, which
are called dialects. Generally called local languages, dialects are branches of the
Chinese language in different regions, and are only used in certain areas. Dialects of
the Chinese language are very complicated. They differ from each other in three
aspects: pronunciation ,vocabulary and grammar. And the difference in pronunciation
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is the most outstanding. Over2,000 years ago, Chinese people realized that a common
language should be used in social activities. Compared with dialects，mandarin can be
understood by all people. It is beneficial to information transmission and cultural
exchange between ethnic groups and people indifferent places..
1.土地广阔：可转译为名词短语a vast land。vast是指“幅员辽阔的”，这里不能用wide 。
但是表示物体的宽度时可以用wide,比如：The river is 100m wide.(这条河宽100米。)
2.人口众多：即“很多的人口”，可转译为名词短语a largepopulation。
3.与...不同：可译为differ from或be different from。
4.发音的区别最为显著：可译为The difference in pronunciation is the most
outstanding。
5.有利于：可译为be beneficial to。
6.信息传递和文化交流：可译为information transmission and cultural excha
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