英语四级翻译练习点拨
夏洛特的网国语-见习总结报告
2015年6月英语四级翻译练习点拨
练习1
中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的
重要组成部分。中国
悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这
一独特艺术。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。
它讲究原料
的选配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的
烹调以及装盘艺术。最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮
扬菜和西部川菜，以“南淡北咸，东
甜西辣”见称。
句1：中国烹饪(Chinese
cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休
闲的重要组成部分。
思路点拨：“„是
„”结构的句子可以翻译成使用be动词的主系
表结构本句中虽然给出的时“有关„”，但仔细揣摩其意
思应该是
“在„方面”，故译为in the aspect of.
Chinese
cuisine culture is an important part of Chinese
culture in
the aspect of cooking and leisure.
句2：中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独
特艺术。
思
路点拨：本句的主语是三个并列的偏正短语，如果按照原有的
语序翻译成英文。则主语太长，不符合英语
的表达习惯。因此，本句
翻译时应该将主语和宾语互换，同时将“孕育了”意译为owe„to„
(将„归因于，将„归功于)，三个并列的短语作介词to的宾语。
This unique
art owes itself to the long history, vast
territory and
hospitable tradition of
China.
句3：中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。
思路点拨：本句中“以„而著称”用be famous
for来表示;“形”
不是“形状”，而是“外观”，应译为appearance;
“俱全”译为perfect
combination of.
Chinese
food is famous for its perfect combination of
“color, aroma,
taste and appearance”.
句4
：它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、
切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以
及装盘艺术。
思路点拨：本句中“讲究”即是“注重”，故译为gives emphasis
to; “质地”不是“质量”，不可译为quality, 应译为texture.
“佐料
的调制”、“切菜的刀功”、“适时的烹调”和“装盘艺术”依次译为the
blending of seasonings、slicing techniques、the
perfect timing of cooking
和the art of laying
out the food on the plate.
It gives emphasis
to the selection of raw materials, the texture of
food, the blending of seasonings, slicing
techniques, the perfect timing
of cooking and
the art of laying out the food on the plate.
句5：最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西
部川菜，以“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”见称
。
思路点拨：本句可用介词Among置于句首的倒装句型，表示众
多最负盛名的菜系“
有„”;后半句是对前半句内容的补充说明，可
以用过去分词短语 noted
as„(以„著称)这种非谓语动词来取消句子
的独立性，同时也增 加了句子的节奏
感。“菜系”即是“派别”，
用school较为合适，不可以译为其他词汇。原文中虽没有“味道”二
字，但稍微注意一下便可得知“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”说的就是“味
道”，所以翻译时应把“味
道”(flavor)翻 译出来。
Among the best-known schools
of cuisine are the Cantonese cuisine
of the
south, the Shandong cuisine of the north, the
Huai-Yang cuisine of
the east and the Sichuan
cuisine of the west, noted as “the light flavor
of the south, the salty flavor of the north,
the sweet flavor of the east
and the spicy-hot
flavor of the west”.
练习2
筷子(chopsticks)是
最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要
象征之一。筷子有着悠久的历史，有关筷子的记载可以追溯到3
000
多年以前。无论到何时何地，中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。此外，筷
子还可以作为礼仪(
etiquette)、馈赠、寄情、收藏的特殊工艺品和礼
品。如今，筷子已经出现在全世界很多国家
的餐桌上，西方还流行起
了“为了您的健康，请您拿起筷子来”的时潮。
句1：筷子(chopsticks)是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的
重要象征之一。
思路点拨：本句的句子主干为“筷子是„之一”，译为
chopsticks are one
of„;
“最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统”可处
理成定语从句，来修饰“重要象征”，译为that can
most reflect the
characteristics and
traditions of Chinese food
culture。“象征”译为
symbol.
译：Chopsticks are one of the important symbols that
can most
reflect the characteristics and
traditions of Chinese food culture.
句2：筷子有着悠久的历史，有关筷子的记载可以追溯到3000
多年以前。
思路点拨：
本句可处理成and连接的并列句。句中“悠久的”
可用long来表达;“有关„的记载”译为the
records of„; “追溯到”
译为be traced back to。
Chopsticks have a long history and the records of
them can be
traced back to more than 3000
years ago.
句3：无论到何时何地，中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。
思路点拨：本句中“无论到何时何地”可处理成状
语;后面部分可用句型“it is
+形容词+for sb. to do
sth.”。“离开
筷子”即“没有筷子”，可译为without chopsticks.
Wherever and whenever, it is hard for
Chinese people to have
meals without
chopsticks.
句4：此外，筷子还可以作为礼仪(etiquette)、馈赠、寄情、
收藏的特殊工艺品和礼品。
思路点拨：本句中 “„可以作为„”可处理成„can be used
as„的形式。“此外”可以译为in addition;
“馈赠”可译为gifting;
“寄情”即“表达情感”，可译为expressing
feelings。
In addition, chopsticks can also
be used as special handicrafts
and
presents for etiquette, gifting, expressing
feelings and collection.
难点注释：
句1：白色污染指的是塑料污染(plastic pollution)。
“指的是”可译为refer to.
White pollution refers to
plastic pollution.
句2：不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。
Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along
roads.
句3：塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。
“在空中飞扬”可译为dance
in the wind.
Plastic shopping bags dance in
the wind.
句4：如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢?
If we
continue using them, what would happen?
句5：有一天，它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。
“会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中”可译为might bury us in an
ocean of
white rubbish.
One day they might bury us in
an ocean of white rubbish.
句6：那时的地球—我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶
(dustbin)。
Then
the earth, our common homeland, would be a
dustbin.
句7：为防止这个噩梦成为现实，政府间应该互相紧密合作
并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。
“为防止这个噩梦成为现实”译为目的状语：To prevent this
nightmare from coming true; “互相紧
密合作”译为work closely with each other; “将口头
承诺付诸实际行动”译为back up their verbal commitment by
actions.
译：To prevent this nightmare
from coming true, governments
need to work
closely with each other and back up their verbal
commitment by actions.
练习3
句8：同时，我们应当从自身做起，为绿色环保出一份力。
“从自身做起”译为：start
from ourselves.
译：We, as individuals, should
start from ourselves to help
protect the green
environment.
White pollution refers to
plastic pollution. Unrecyclable plastic
lunch
boxes are all along roads. Plastic shopping bags
dance in the wind.
If we continue using them,
what would happen? One day they might
bury us
in an ocean of white rubbish. Then the earth, our
common
homeland, would be a dustbin. To
prevent this nightmare from coming
true,
governments need to work closely with each other
and back up
their verbal commitment by
actions. We, as individuals, should start
from
ourselves to help protect the green environment.
练习4
唐朝(Tang Dynasty)被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期
。
唐朝的首都在长安。在与印度和中东(the Middle East)的交流中，
在他
们的促进下，唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。唐朝是文学和艺
术的黄金时期。唐朝通
过科举制度(civil service
examinations)在全国选
出优秀的儒家文人(Confucian
literati)为政府效力，而唐朝的政府体系
在儒学官僚(Confucian
bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。公元8世纪
中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。
难点注释
句1、2：唐朝(Tang
Dynasty)被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉
煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。
第一、
二句在翻译时可以整合为一句，其中“唐朝的首都在
长安”可以翻译为定语从句来表示。“被„认为是„
”可以译为be
regarded by „as„; “最辉煌的时期”即为鼎盛时期，可译为a
high
point.
Tang Dynasty, whose capital
is Chang’an, is regarded by
historians as a
high point in Chinese civilization.
句3：在与印度和中东(the Middle
East)的交流中，在他们的
促进下，唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。
“与印度和中东(the Middle
East)的交流中，在他们的促进下”
可采用合译法，即Stimulated by the
contact with„Stimulated by the
contact with
India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great
development in many fields.
句4：唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。
译：The Tang period
was the golden age of literature and art.
句5：唐朝通过科举制度(civil service
examinations)在全国选出
优秀的儒家文人(Confucian
literati)为政府效力，而唐朝的政府体系在
儒学官僚(Confucian
bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。
此句结构较为复杂，翻译时，首先理清句子主
干：唐朝的政
府体系日臻完善。前半句可以处理成一个非谓语动词做原因状语的形
式，即Ser
ved by„, serve 本意为“服务”，也可作“效力”讲，与逻
辑主语the
government system of Tang
Dynasty是动宾关系，故用过去
分词形式;而其中再嵌套一个后置定语selected
through„来修饰
Confucian literati;“在„„的支持下”译为under
the support of„。
Served by a large class of
Confucian literati selected through civil
service examinations, the government system of
Tang Dynasty was
gradually perfected under the
support of Confucian bureaucratic.
句6：公元8世纪中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。
译：By the middle of the
eighth century A.D., the power of Tang
Dynasty
began to ebb.
Tang Dynasty, whose capital is
Chang’an, is regarded by
historians as a high
point in Chinese civilization. Stimulated by the
contact with India and the Middle East, the
empire saw a great
development in many fields.
The Tang period was the golden age of
literature and art. Served by a large class of
Confucian literati selected
through civil
service examinations, the government system of
Tang
Dynasty was gradually perfected
under the support of Confucian
bureaucratic.
By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the
power of
Tang Dynasty began to ebb.