四级翻译练习2015 6
演讲技巧-家长会发言稿
2014年12月四级考试翻译真题原文（网友版）
中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最
快的。2010年，中国约有4.2亿网民(netizen)，且人
数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流
行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同于美国网民。
美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联
网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、规划旅程或
付款。中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广
泛地使用、聊天室等。
<参考译文>
The internet
community in China is developing at the fastest
speed around the world.
China has about 420
million netizens in 2010, and the number is still
growing quickly. The
increasing popularity of
internet has produced the major social change. And
netizens in China are
often different from
that of America. American netizens are more driven
by practical needs, using
the internet to send
e-mails, buy and sell goods, plan the journey or
pay for the bill. However,
Chinese netizens
are using internet for the purpose of social
contact. Consequently, they are
more widely
using the QQ and chat-rooms and so on.
中国幸运数字 (lucky numbers)的概念与其他文化相似。对广东人来说，区别好数字与
坏
数字的关键是根据发音。例如，2是幸运的，因为它和“容易”的发音相似。3与生活有 关。
4在汉语里听起来像“死”。6代表好运。8与“繁荣”有关，所有场合都适用。9与“永恒
(ete
rnity)”相联系。起初只有皇家(the imperial
family)才能用9。例如，故宫就设计有9999
个房间。
参考译文： The
Chinese concept of lucky numbers is similar to
that of other cultures.
The key to distinguish
good or bad numbers for Cantonese is based on
sound, For example, the
number two is
fortunate, because it is similar to the sound of
“easy”.Three is associated with
living. The
number four sounds like “death” in Chinese. Six
represents good luck. Eight is
associated with
“prosperity” and is desirable for all occasions.
Nine is associated with “eternity”.
Originally
it could only be used by the imperial family. For
example, the Forbidden City was
designed with
9,999 rooms.
【翻译原文】
中医(Traditional
Chinese Medicine)的范畴很广，包括一系列具有相同基本概
念的医学实
践。这个概念起源于中国古代，已经历了数千年的发展。中医诊法包
括把脉(measure the
pulse)，检查舌头、皮肤、眼睛，以及询问饮食、睡眠习惯和
其他方面。中医蕴含的理念及
其复杂性向研究中医如何奏效的研究者提出了挑战。这些研究大多数集中在
针灸
(acupuncture)和中药等特定形式的疗法上。
【参考译文】
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) includes a
broad range of medicine practices sharing
common basic concept which originated in
ancient China and has: evolved over thousands of
years. TCM diagnosis includes measuring the
pulse, inspecting the tongue, skin, eyes and
asking
about the eating and sleeping habits
of: the patient as well as many other things.
TCM's
complexity and underlying conceptual
foundations present challenges for researchers
seeking
evidence on how it works. Most
researches focus on specific treatment modalities,
primarily I
acupuncture and Chinese herbal
remedies.
传统的中国婚礼流程从求婚开始，新郎会送
一封书信至新娘家，请求迎娶他们家的女儿。多
数情况下，新郎家会雇用一位专业媒人(matchma
ker)沟通双方家庭。准新郎和准新娘的生辰
八字(BaZi)也要进行比对，以确保根据中国传统占
星学(astrology),这对夫妻不犯冲
(compatible)。如今，中国大城市的婚礼跟
西方很 相似。然而，在小地方，仍然遵循传统，
婚礼流程也基本未变。
【参考译文】
Traditional Chinese wedding process starts
with a proposal for marriage and a 、letter is sent
from the groom to the bride's family asking
for permission to marry their daughter. In many
cases，
a professional matchmaker is employed by
the i groom's family to communicate the families
of
both parties. The birthdates of the bride-
to-be and groom-to-be are checked to make sure the
couple is compatible according to traditional
Chinese astrology. Today，wedding ceremonies in
large cities of China closely resemble the
western ones. In smaller places，however，some of
the
traditions are still kept and the wedding
process remains largely unchanged.
2015年6月英语四级翻译强化训练(10)：中国菜
中国菜(Chinese
cuisine)享誉世界，是世界美食的明珠，并被推崇为全球最为健康的食物。菜
系(cookin
g style)繁多，烹饪方法也不尽相同。其四大要素—色、形、香(aroma)、味，决定
了菜
的好坏，是判断其水平的标准。中国东北菜的口味变化多端，色彩丰富，造型美观。而
南方菜的特点是口
味清淡、颜色亮丽，保留了食材的原始味道。
【参考译文】
Chinese
cuisine, as a pearl of world cuisine, is famous
and recommended as the healthiest
food in the
world. It has various cooking styles and its
cooking techniques are also diverse.
Chinese
cuisine features four elements—color, shape,aroma
and taste, which decide how good it
is and
they are the criteria of judging its ,quality.
Northeastern Chinese cuisine’s taste features
varied taste, rich color and beautiful shape.
While in the southern China, the food features
light
taste, bright color and remains the
original flavor of the food materials.
中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。中国
悠久
的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独特艺术。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全
而著称。它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹
调以及装盘艺术。最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以“南
淡北咸，东
甜西辣”见称。
句1：中国烹饪(Chinese
cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。
思路点拨：“„是„”结构
的句子可以翻译成使用be动词的主系表结构本句中虽然
给出的时“有关„”，但仔细揣摩其意思应该是
“在„方面”，故译为in the aspect of.
Chinese cuisine
culture is an important part of Chinese culture in
the aspect of cooking
and leisure.
句2：中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独特艺术。
思路点拨：本句的主语是
三个并列的偏正短语，如果按照原有的语序翻译成英文。
则主语太长，不符合英语的表达习惯。因此，本
句翻译时应该将主语和宾语互换，同时将“孕
育了”意译为owe„to„(将„归因于，将„归功于)
，三个并列的短语作介词to的宾语。
This unique art
owes itself to the long history, vast territory
and hospitable tradition of
China.
句3：中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。
思路点拨：本句中“以„而著称”用be
famous for来表示;“形”不是“形状”，而
是“外观”，应译为appearance;
“俱全”译为perfect combination of.
Chinese food
is famous for its perfect combination of “color,
aroma, taste and
appearance”.
句4：它讲究原料的选
配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、切菜的刀功、适
时的烹调以及装盘艺术。
思路点拨：本句中“讲究”即是“注重”，故译为gives emphasis to;
“质地”不是
“质量”，不可译为quality, 应译为texture.
“佐料的调制”、“切菜的刀功”、“适时的烹调”
和“装盘艺术”依次译为the blending
of seasonings、slicing techniques、the perfect
timing of
cooking和the art of laying out the
food on the plate.
It gives emphasis to the
selection of raw materials, the texture of food,
the blending of
seasonings, slicing
techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the
art of laying out the food on
the plate.
句5：最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以“南淡
北咸，东甜西辣”见称
。
思路点拨：本句可用介词Among置于句首的倒装句型，表示众多最负盛名的菜系
“
有„”;后半句是对前半句内容的补充说明，可以用过去分词短语 noted
as„(以„著称)
这种非谓语动词来取消句子的独立性，同时也增 加了句子的节奏感。“菜系”即
是“派
别”，用school较为合适，不可以译为其他词汇。原文中虽没有“味道”二字，但稍微注意
一下便可得知“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”说的就是“味道”，所以翻译时应把“味道”(flavor)<
br>翻 译出来。
Among the best-known schools of
cuisine are the Cantonese cuisine of the south,
the
Shandong cuisine of the north, the Huai-
Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine
of the
west, noted as “the light flavor of the
south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet
flavor of the
east and the spicy-hot flavor of
the west”.
筷子(chopsticks)是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统
的重要象征之一。筷子有着悠久的
历史，有关筷子的记载可以追溯到3000多年以前。无论到何时何地
，中国人吃饭都很难离
开筷子。此外，筷子还可以作为礼仪(etiquette)、馈赠、寄情、收藏
的特殊工艺品和礼品。
如今，筷子已经出现在全世界很多国家的餐桌上，西方还流行起了“为了您的健康
，请您拿
起筷子来”的时潮。
句1：筷子(chopsticks)是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要象征之一。
思路点拨：本句的句子主干为“筷子是„之一”，译为chopsticks are one of„;
“最
能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统”可处理成定语从句，来修饰“重要象征”，译为that can
most
reflect the characteristics and
traditions of Chinese food culture。“象征”译为symbol.
译：Chopsticks are one of the important
symbols that can most reflect the
characteristics and traditions of Chinese food
culture.
句2：筷子有着悠久的历史，有关筷子的记载可以追溯到3000多年以前。
思路点拨：本句可处理成and连接的并列句。句中“悠久的”可用long来表达;“有
关„的记载”译为the records of„; “追溯到”译为be traced back to。
Chopsticks have a long history and the
records of them can be traced back to more
than 3000 years ago.
句3：无论到何时何地，中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。
思路点拨：本句中“无论到何时何地”可处理成状
语;后面部分可用句型“it is
+形容词+for sb. to do
sth.”。“离开筷子”即“没有筷子”，
可译为without chopsticks.
Wherever and whenever, it is hard for
Chinese people to have meals without
chopsticks.
句4：此外，筷子还可以作为礼仪(etiquette)、馈赠、寄情、收藏的特殊工艺品和
礼品。
思路点拨：本句中 “„可以作为„”可处理成„can be used
as„的形式。“此外”
可以译为in addition;
“馈赠”可译为gifting;“寄情”即“表达情感”，可译为expressing feelings。
In addition, chopsticks can also be used as
special handicrafts and presents for
etiquette, gifting, expressing feelings and
collection.
【翻译原文】
中西方饮食习惯的主
要区别在于:中国把菜肴放在桌上大家共享，西方则每个人都
有自己的食盘。中国的餐桌礼仪是指中国人
的传统用餐方式。自中国古代起，就有许多人们
必须注意的餐桌礼仪，比如餐具(cutlery)如何
摆放，如何在宴会上落座等。通常情况下，尊
贵的人应坐尊位(seat of
honor)，地位较低的人根据各自地位高低相应落座;长者座位的朝向
最好。
【参考译文】
The main difference between Chinese
and westerneating habits lies in that dishes in
China are placed on the table for everybody to
share, while everyonehas their own plate of food
in the West. Chinese table manners are the
traditional eating styles ofChinese people. There
are
many table manners that one must pay
attention to, which date fromthe time of ancient
China,
such as how to place the cutlery, how
to sit in a banquet, and soon. Under normal
conditions，
honorable people should take the
seats of honor, and humblerones then sit down
according to
their status; the elders, scats
face the best direction.
打麻将(mahjong)有时被描述成现实生活的翻版，既需要策略，也需要运气。 在中国玩
麻将通常还需要下或大或小的赌注(bet)。一个世纪前，麻将主要是富人的消遣(pastime),但<
br>如今已被认为是大众游戏。麻将在20世纪20年代引人美国，一股麻将热潮随之而来。学习
打麻
将最好的方式是与朋友坐在一起，让他们示范玩一次，把麻将牌面向上，看大家怎么玩。
【参考译文】
Playing mahjong, which is sometimes
described as a metaphor of real life， needs a mix
of strategies and luck. Typically in China，it
also involves placing large or small bets. A
century ago，
it was mainly a pastime for
wealthy people，but today it is considered a game
of the people.
When it was first introduced to
the U.S.A. in the 1920s，a craze of mahjong ensued
The best way
to learn playing mahjong is to
sit with friends and ask them to play a
demonstration game: ask
them to turn their
pieces upwards and watch what everybody is doing.
【翻译原文】
送礼在中国是种常见礼仪(etiq
uette)，人们借此表达对友谊、款待的感激或感谢。
然而，中国送礼和收礼的礼节与其他文化大为
不同。在很长一段历史时期里，当朋友送礼物
或款待自己时，有礼貌的人会回报朋友的关心和好意。他们
会挑选一个合适的场合礼尚往来，
因为他们认为这对加深关系很重要。礼物的选择取决于两人的关系，这
与世界上大多数文化
都相同。
【参考译文】
Giving gifts
in China is a common etiquette used to express
appreciation or gratitude
for friendship or
hospitality. However, Chinese etiquette of giving
receiving gifts differs a lot from
that in
othercultures. For a long time in history, people
of goodmanners would return favors and
kindness when receiving a treat from a friend.
They wouldpick up a suitable occasion to offer
back as they regard it important to strengthen
theirrelationship. As it is the same with most
cultures in the world, what to give depends on
theirrelationship.
【翻译原文】
茶文化是中国传统文
化的重要组成部分，有着悠久的历史。一代代的种植者和生产
者使中国制茶工艺变得日臻完善。茶和中国
文化有着极其紧密的联系。茶研究涉及的范围很
广，有着丰富的内容。中国茶可以分为五类。每一种都有
不同于其他种类的味道和外观。绿
茶是办公室职员的最佳选择，它有助于防止电脑辐射(compute
r radiation)，补充人体水分
(moisture content)。
【参考译文】
With a long history, tea culture is
an important partof Chinese traditional culture.
Generations ofgrowers and producers have
perfected the Chineseway of manufacturing tea. Tea
has an extremelyclose relationship with
Chinese culture. The study oftea covers a wide
field and
has a very rich content. Chinese tea
can be classified into fivecategories. Each kind
is different
from others in flavor and
appearance. Green tea is the bestoption for office
workers since it can
help prevent computer
radiation and supplementmoisture content of the
human body.
【翻译原文】
火药(gunpowder)是最早
出现的化学炸药和推进剂(propellant)。在火药发明之前，
人们使用过许多燃烧弹(inc
endiary bomb)和燃烧设备。人们通常把火药的发明归因于中国的
炼金术(alchemy
)。众所周知，火药被列为中国的“四大发明”之一。这项发明可能早在唐朝
就已经研制出来了。由于1
3世纪蒙古人的征战，有关火药的知识被传到全世界。最晚从14
世纪开始，火药就已经开始被应用于战
争中并产生了一定的影响。
【参考译文】
Gunpowder was the
first chemical explosive and propellant. Prior to
the invention of
gunpowder, many incendiary
bombs and burning devices had been used. The
invention of
gunpowder is usually attributed
to Chinese alchemy. It is known to all that
gunpowder is listed as
one of the “Four Great
Inventions” of China. The invention was made
perhaps as early as in the
Tang Dynasty.
Knowledge of gunpowder was spread throughout the
world as a result of the
Mongol conquests in
the 13th century. It was employed in warfare to
some effect from at least
the 14th century.
联合国科教文组织在1972年向全世界发出“走向阅读社会”
的召唤，要求社会成员人
人读书，让读书成为每个人日常生活不可或缺的一部分。他们强调，人们应当读
好书，尤其
是经典著作，通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是<
br>要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读
的兴趣
，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。
【文都教育翻译答案】
China's education workers have realized for a long
time the importance of reading to
the country.
Some of them have suggested that a National
Reading Day be set up since 2003.
They
stressed that people should read good books,
especially the classic ones. Through reading,
people can better learn to be grateful,
responsible and cooperate with others. However,
the
purpose of education is to cultivate these
basic qualities. Reading is particularly important
for
primary and middle school students. If
they don’t develop the interest of reading during
this
crucial period, it is difficult to get
into the habit of reading later。
联合国科教文组织在1995年确定4月23日为世界读书日, 以此鼓励人们,尤其是青少年
“发现阅读的快乐”。这一天也是作家塞万提斯和英国著名作家莎士比亚的辞世纪念日。据
资料表明，自
“世界读书日”宣布以来，已有超过 100个国家和地区参与此项活动。很多
国家在这一天或者前后一
周、一个月的时间内都会开展丰富多彩的活动，图书馆、媒体、出
版商、学校、商店、社区等机构团体在
这一段时间里都会做一些赠书、读书、演戏等鼓励人
们阅读的事情，把读书的宣传活动变成一场热热闹闹
的欢乐节庆。
World Reading Day was set up by
the UNESCO in 1995 to encourage people, especially
teenagers, to discover the pleasure of
reading. It is also the day to honor great
writers, for
example, William Shakespeare,
born or dead on that day.
Many countries
celebrated World Reading Day. Take the UK as an
example, on that day,
millions of
schoolchildren can buy books of special price, a
much lower price than usual, in any
bookstore.
It has been done every year since 1998. World
Reading Day 2010 in the UK will take
place on
Thursday 4th March. Please note that this date
applies to the UK and Ireland only. The
initiative is so well established in schools
there that they want to make sure that the Day
happens
in term time to really make the most
of this opportunity to celebrate books and
reading. Most
other countries hold World
Reading Day on 23 rd April every year.
World
Reading Day is also celebrated in China. Chinese
Premier Wen Jiabao, an avid reader,
does lots
of reading every day though he is very busy. On
World Reading Day 2009 he encouraged
citizens
to do more reading. Wen suggested that young
people should spend more time reading.
“Books
cannot change the world, but people can change the
world by changing themselves
through reading.”
Reading can benefit people in many
ways. Reading helps us to follow the latest
developments of science and technology.
Reading gives us information about other cultures
and
places of the world. Reading is also one
of the most important ways to learn a foreign
language
like English.
“Reading
makes a full man” (Bacon, 1597). Books, magazines,
newspapers and
other kinds of reading
materials can help us to know more about the
outside world and perfect
us. Therefore, it is
necessary for us to spend time on reading every
day.