实验室有毒有害危险品的处理方法及安全管理措施
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实验室有毒有害危险品的处理方法及安全管
理措施
作者:叶彦 林硕
游泳
来源:《福建农业科技》2019年第05期
摘
要:目前,高校和科研院所实验室发展规模和速度较快,但在实验室有毒有害危险品
处理和安全管理上还
存在严峻性问题。为加强高校和科研院所的实验室安全及管理,系统归纳
了实验室有毒有害危险品的分类
及处理措施,并提出了高校和科研院所实验室安全管理的措
施,包括加强实验室本身建筑结构的优化和危
险品的合理配置,加强安全制度常态化管理,培
养实验人员面对实验室安全突发事件的处置能力,提升安
全意识、落实安全责任,加强实验室
安全知识与技能培训,加强高校和科研院所安全档案制度,建立公共
安全信息档案共享机制和
奖惩机制。
关键词:实验室; 有毒有害危险品;
安全档案制度; 安全管理
Abstract: At present, the
development scale and speed of laboratories in
universities and
research institutes are fast,
but there are still serious problems in the
treatment and safety
management of toxic and
hazardous goods in laboratories. In order to
strengthen the safety and
management of
laboratories in universities and research
institutes, the classification and treatment
measures of toxic and hazardous goods in
laboratories were summarized systematically in
this paper.
Then, the countermeasures for the
safety management of laboratories in universities
and research
institutes were put forward,
including strengthening the optimization of
building structures of
laboratories and the
reasonable configuration of hazardous goods,
strengthening the normalized
management of
security systems, cultivating the researchers'
disposal ability in face of the safety
emergencies of laboratories, improving the
safety awareness, implementing the security
responsibility, strengthening the training of
laboratory safety knowledge and skills,
strengthening
the system construction of
safety archives in universities and research
institutes, establishing the
sharing mechanism
and the reward & punishment mechanism of public
security information archives.
Key
words: Laboratory; Toxic and hazardous goods;
System of safety archives; Safety
management
近年来,我国高校和科研院所实验室在有毒有害危险品的处理和安全管理上明显跟不上
实
验室发展的速度。国内学者对实验室安全管理的可持续发展、实验室危险因素评估及安全准入
探索以及安全心理学在实验室安全中发挥的作用也都进行了比较深入的研究[1-4]。由于实验产
生的
大多数有毒有害危险品处理未遵循实验室安全管理的有关规定,再加上实验人员组成复
杂、交流频繁、层
次多样、实验知识和技能参差不齐、安全意识淡薄等因素导致实验室潜在的
安全风险急剧加大。因此,加
強高校和科研院所的实验室安全及管理迫在眉睫。笔者在从事实