山西大学在职研究生-建筑施工实习报告

第2节 世界与环境
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·浙江十校联盟适应性考试)
There is no doubt that our lives wouldn’t be the same without they can also be a
problem，especially fossil(化石) fuel cars，which have become a major cause of air pollution.
So to help improve the environment，China is going to ban the production and sales of fossil
fuel Guobin，China’s vice- minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology，said research into the ban has already started，but it hasn’t been decided when the
ban will go into effect.“These measures will promote big changes in the environment and give
motivation to China’s auto industry development，” he said.
The move is just one of China’s many efforts to lift pressure on the environment after it
promised to stop the rise in its carbon dioxide emissions(排放物) by 2030.
Chinese drivers are already big fans of electric e auto companies including
BYD，BAIC and Geely ranked among the top in the world in terms of electric car sales last
more than 40 percent of the 753,000 electric vehicles sold worldwide last year were sold
in China.
Meanwhile，the ban of fossil fuel cars is increasingly becoming a global July,2017，
the French government announced that France would end sales of fossil fuel vehicles by 2040 as
part of the country’s plan to meet its goal under the Paris climate in the same month，
the UK followed suit with a similar also set 2040 as its deadline to stop sales of new fossil
fuel vehicles.
“All of us who drive or use fossil fuel vehicles are contributing to the city’s poisonous
air，”John Tanner，a councilor in Oxford，UK，told CNBC.“Everyone needs to do their bit—from
national government and local authorities to businesses and residents—to end this public health
emergency.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。为了改善环境，减少二氧化碳气体的排放，中国将禁止燃油
汽车的生产和销售。

1．Which measure will China take for environmental protection?
A．Investing more in the development of auto industry.
B．Forbidding the consumption on fossil fuel cars.
C．Promoting the sales of electric vehicles.
D．Developing and using green energy.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，为了改善环境，中国正计划禁止燃油汽车的生产
与销售。故选B。
2．What’s Xin Guobin’s attitude toward the ban on fossil fuel cars?
A．Cautious.
C．Doubtful.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据第二段末句可知， 辛国斌认为，禁止燃油汽车的生产和销售会促进
环境的改善，并激励中国汽车工业的发展。也就是说他对 这一举措是持支持态度的。故选B。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．The government takes full responsibility for environmental protection.
B．The UK’s made great achievements in environmental protection.
C．Fossil fuel cars are the root cause of air pollution.
D．Joint efforts are needed to protect the environment.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，约翰·坦纳认为，从国家政府和地 方当局到
公司和居民，每个人都应为结束这个公众健康危机作出努力。由此可知，保护环境需要人们的共同努力。故选D。
B．Positive.
D．Concerned.

B
(2018·北京西城区高三统一检测)
The online takeaway industry is growing in China along with the rapid development of the
Internet environmental activists complain that the huge volume of plastic utensils(用
具)，wrapping and containers presents a great challenge to the environment，and that the heavy use
of throwaway wooden chopsticks is reducing natural resources.
On September 1，the Beijing No.4 Intermediate People’s Court accepted a lawsuit filed by
the Chongqing Green Volunteer League，an environmental non-government organization(NGO)，
against the country’s three largest food delivery platforms—Baidu Waimai， and
NGO stated that the companies failed to provide customers with the choice to not
receive throwaway plastic utensils along with their food ile，these utensils have
created large amounts of rubbish and caused serious ecological damage.
In response，both Meituan and ，which acquired Baidu Waimai in August，have
promised to take measures to reduce plastic n announced that it would appoint a chief
environmental officer to oversee environmental issues from plastic waste and upgrade its
smartphone app to provide consumers with the option of ordering food without single-use
chopsticks，spoons or followed by offering a similar choice and putting forward a
plan to introduce suppliers of degradable(可降解的) plastic utensils to restaurants in the long term.
Is there a possible way out? Combined efforts by delivery platforms，consumers，restaurants
and government departments are required to address plastic waste pollution.
For platforms，promoting environmental protection and introducing this idea to consumers are
a meaningful er，in the future，they should also make strict rules on the use of plastic
example，no more than one plastic bag should be used to wrap soup dishes，and all
plastic products should be is a long and difficult task for them，and the recent
reactions from and Meituan are just beginnings.
Considering most takeout food packaging is thrown into garbage bins and then taken away
along with other household garbage，sorting of waste also becomes more ment
departments could play a major role in this，and by recycling some materials，waste pollution could
be reduced and resources rmore，there have been growing calls that the government

should also invest more in developing degradable plastic products or environmentally friendly
alternatives.
Though consumers enjoy the convenience yet also suffer exposure to the pollution，many of
them have paid little attention to the plastic waste nmental groups suggest that
consumers change their habits a little by using their own utensils and dishes and refusing
unnecessary plastic containers.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了互联网时代迅速发展的网络业务 带来的塑料器具的污染问题，及
政府、网络平台和消费者们该如何应对。

4．The Chongqing Green Volunteer League accused the three food delivery platforms of .
A．causing damage to people’s health
B．violating environmental standards
C．using many wooden chopsticks
D．offering no utensil option
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The NGO stated that the companies failed to provide
customers with the choice to not receive throwaway plastic utensils along with their food
deliveries.”可知，重庆市绿色志愿者联合会指控这三种食品外卖 平台没有给顾客提供是否需
要塑料用具的选择。故选D。
5．The author suggests food delivery platforms .
A．raise people’s awareness
B．research possible alternatives
C．upgrade their application design
D．hire a chief environmental officer
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“For platforms，promoting environmental protection and

introducing this idea to consumers are a meaningful move.”可知，作者建议食品外卖平台应宣传
环境保护，提高人们的环保意识。故选A。
6．Who probably plays a more important role in promoting the categorization of rubbish?
A．Government departments.
B．Food delivery platforms.
C．Environmental groups.
D．Fast food restaurants.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“...sorting of waste also becomes more important，
Government departments could play a major role in this，and by recycling some materials，waste
pollution could be reduced and resources saved.”可知，政府部门可能在促进垃圾分类中扮演更
重要的角色。故选A。
7．The passage is mainly concerned with .
A．why environmental problems arise
B．who food delivery platforms affect most
C．how plastic utensil pollution can be solved
D．what efforts environmental groups have made
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。本文讲述了因外卖平台给顾客提供塑料餐具造成了环境污染而受到起诉
一事 。从而引发作者对如何应对这一难题的建议。因此本文主要关注的是如何解决塑料器具
的污染问题。故选 C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·河南开封质检)
Do you think an individual can make a difference？Ask Rossano Ercolini，the Goldman Prize
winner，which is considered the Nobel Prize for “ 8 ”．Ercolini is a young 9 in a small
town in 10 the news of reducing waste on the radio，he decided to teach his

students to 11 paper and replace plastic water bottles in the school lunchroom with 12
glasses.
When his town announced plans to open an incinerator to burn waste，Ercolini knew it would
be 13 to his rators are huge heaters that burn all waste and poisonous
materials，leaving behind 14 .You might think it is 15 than sending waste to
is true that landfills 16 space，smell bad，and that poisonous materials can make underground
drinking water 17 to incinerators have their own 18 .Burning will 19
poisonous gases into the air，causing breathing will have to wear a mask 20
they go smoke also causes pollution，and even 21 the greenhouse effect.
Ercolini was worried about the 22 of his community and felt it was his duty to 23
organized town meetings and talked about how to reduce，reuse and recycle. 24 ，
Ercolini has advocated the zero-waste movement，the 25 of which is to reduce the waste to
the least possible has already 26 plans for more than 50 incinerators in many
Italian cities. 27 his efforts，there are more than 100 zero-waste towns in Italy now!
语篇解读 面对很多城市建立垃圾焚烧炉的计划，埃尔科利尼通过自己的 努力让人们认识到
焚烧垃圾的危害，并且通过倡导“零废弃物运动”使环境变得更加美好，他的努力终于 得到
了回报。

8．
C．Medicine
答案 B
解析 根据下文可知，埃尔科利尼在收音机上听到减少废弃物的新闻后，开始在课堂上教育
学生 做和环保有关的事情：教学生再利用纸张、用可重复使用的玻璃杯代替塑料杯等。由此
可知，这个奖项是 和保护环境(Environment)有关。故选B项。peace和平；medicine药品；
l iterature文学。
9．r
C．trainer
答案 A
解析 根据下文的“he decided to teach his students...”可知，埃尔科利尼是一位教师(teacher)。
B．farmer
D．gardener
B．Environment
D．Literature

10．ng
C．hearing
答案 C
B．reading
D．making
解析 根据空后的“on the radio”可知，他是通过收音机听到(hearing)减少废弃物这一消息
的。
11．
C．tear
答案 D
解析 从空前的reducing waste及空后的replace plastic water bottles可知，此处应指他教学生< br>再利用纸张。fold折叠，折起；roll滚动，翻转；tear撕扯，扯破；recycle再利用， 回收使用。
根据语境可知选D项。
12．d
C．thick
答案 B
解析 本文的主题和“环保”相关，且根据replace可知，此处指用可重复使 用的(reusable)
玻璃杯代替塑料杯。故选B项。colored有色的；thick厚的；v aluable贵重的，有价值的。
13．l
C．suitable
答案 A
解析 根据下文的“burn all waste and poisonous materials”可知，焚烧废弃物和有毒物质对
学生是有害的(harmful)。故选A项。n ecessary必需的；suitable合适的，适当的；convenient
方便的，便利的。
14．
C．water
答案 D
B．sand
D．ash
B．necessary
D．convenient
B．reusable
D．valuable
B．roll
D．recycle

解析 由常识可知，垃圾焚烧之后留下的是灰，所以选a sh，而不是rock(岩石)、sand(沙子)
或者water(水)。
15．
C．better
答案 C
解析 下文介绍的是垃圾填埋的坏处：垃圾填埋场 占空间、污染空气、污染水源等，所以此
处是说你可能会认为焚烧垃圾要比把它们送到垃圾填埋场更好( better)。故选C项。
16．
C．create
答案 D
解析 根据常识可知，垃圾填埋场会占空间。take up意为“占据(一定的时间或空间)”，符
合语境。add增加；fill in填充；create创造。
17．
C．regular
答案 A
解析 根据常识可知，有毒的垃圾填埋会使得饮用水变得不安全(unsafe)。simple简单的 ；
regular有规律的；illegal非法的。
18．ulties
C．advantages
答案 B
解析 根据下文的“Burning will poisonous gases into the air，causing breathing
problems”及“The smoke also causes pol lution”可知，此处应指焚烧垃圾的坏处
(disadvantages)。故选B项。diff iculty困难；advantage优势；improvement改善。
19． out
C．give off
B．give in
D．give up
B．disadvantages
D．improvements
B．simple
D．illegal
B．fill in
D．take up
B．harder
D．further

答案 C
解析 根据常识可知，焚烧垃圾会释放出毒气。give out分发，发出(光、热或信号)；give in
屈服，让步；give off发出(气味、光、热等)，释放；give up放弃。根据语境可知选C项。
20．er
C．however
答案 D
解析 空中弥漫毒气，无论什么时候出门，都需 要戴口罩加以保护。根据语境可知，此处表
示“无论什么时候”，故选whenever。
21．s
C．suffers
答案 B
解析 焚烧垃圾产生的 烟雾也会造成污染，even表程度，因此，此处指甚至会加剧温室效应。
reduce减少；wors en(使)变得更差，(使)恶化；suffer忍受，遭受；measure测量，估量。根据
语境可 知选B项。
22．
C．justice
答案 A
解析 上文 提到焚烧垃圾有很多危害，因此，此处指埃尔科利尼担心社区人民的健康(health)，
感觉对他们 进行环保教育是自己的责任。故选A项。development发育，成长，发展；justice
公 平，正义；employment受雇，雇用。
23．
C．educate
答案 C
解析 根据上文可知，他是一名教师，再结合下一句“He organized town meetings and talked
about how to reduce，reuse and recycle.”可知，此处指教育他们。praise表扬；supp ort支持；
educate教育；entertain(使)娱乐。根据语境可知选C项。
B．support
D．entertain
B．development
D．employment
B．worsens
D．measures
B．wherever
D．whenever

24．
C．Otherwise
答案 D
B．However
D．Moreover
解析 空后的“倡导零废弃物运动”和上文的“对社区人民进行教育” 是递进关系，所以选
moreover，意为“此外，而且”。
25．
C．truth
答案 A
解析 空后的“to reduce the waste to the least possible amount”是零废弃物运动的目标(goal )。
故选A项。reason原因，理由；truth事实，真相；problem问题，困难。
26．sed
C．prepared
答案 B
解析 根据下文 可知，由于他的努力，很多城市建造垃圾焚烧炉的计划取消了。defeat使……
失败，符合语境。d iscuss讨论；prepare准备；suggest建议，暗示。
27． with
C．Thanks to
答案 C
解析 句意为：多亏了他的努力，意大利已有100多座零废弃物城市。thanks to由于，幸亏，
符合语境。故选C项。along with和……一起；except for除了；instead of而不是。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Bangkok is one of the most popular tourist spots in the are good reasons why so
many people 28. (draw) to impressiveness of Thai culture shines forth in
Bangkok’s buildings and those who would like 29. (shop) till they drop，the
city offers a sea of stores and street stalls.30. your interests are，Bangkok never
disappoints you.
B．Except for
D．Instead of
B．defeated
D．suggested
B．reason
D．problem

If there’s 31. place in Bangkok that you must see，that is the Grand 150
years，this complex of walled buildings served as home 32. Thai kings and the royal
，the Grand Palace is no longer the seat of the government，but its unique mix of
European and Thai building styles still commands 33. (admire)．
Near the Grand Palace is Wat Pho，a temple well 34. (celebrate) for its 46-meter-long
golden statue’s size，as well as the 35. (symbol) that decorate the soles of
its feet，impresses visitors from around the world.36. (tradition)，Wat Pho is also known
for being Thailand’s top massage ore，it’s a great place for a relaxing Thai
massage，during 37. you’ll have your limbs stretched in a variety of directions.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了曼谷的大皇宫和卧佛寺。

28．答案 are drawn
解析 people与draw之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时态的被动语态，根据句意可知答案为
are drawn。
29．答案 to shop
解析 固定搭配：would like to do sth.愿意做某事，故答案为to shop。
30．答案 Whatever
解析 句意为：无论你的兴趣是什么，曼谷从来都不会使你失望。此处用whatever引导让步状语从句，故答案为Whatever。
31．答案 onea
解析 句意为：在曼谷如果有一个你一定要看的地方，那就是大皇宫。根据句意可知答案为
onea。
32．答案 to
解析 固定搭配：be home to是……的家园，故答案为to。
33．答案 admiration
解析 句意为：它独特的欧式和泰式建筑风格的结合仍值 得赞赏。command在此意为“值得，

赢得”，后跟名词形式，故答案为admir ation。
34．答案 celebrated
解析 此处是过去分词作后置定语，故答案为celebrated。
35．答案 symbols
解析 句意为：这座雕像的大小，以及装饰其脚掌的符号，给世界各地的游客们带来了深刻
的印 象。symbol为可数名词，其后的that decorate the soles...为定语从句，修 饰先行词symbol，
由decorate知此空用名词复数形式，故答案为symbols。
36．答案 Traditionally
解析 副词修饰动词，故答案为Traditionally。
37．答案 which
解析 此处Thai massage作先行词，指物，所以后面的非限制性定语从句由“介词during＋
which”引导。