【5月黄金档】2020高考英语冲刺秘籍-第六章 动词的-ing形式
安徽国际商务学院-河北师范大学招生简章
【5月黄金档】2020高考英语冲刺秘
籍-第六章 动词的-ing形式
第6章 动词的-ing形式 动词的-
ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”
（present
participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形
容词和副
词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、动词-
ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样，动词的-
ing形式也具有动词的特征，
有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。 A.动词-
ing形式的一般式 1.动词-ing形式
的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport.游
泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。
2.动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went
out of the
classroom, talking and
laughing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to
her
neighbours speaking.她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3.动词-
ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语
动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I
remembered sending him an e-mail last week.
我
记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。 He suggested taking my
daughter to the zoo the next
Sunday.他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B.动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-
ing形式
的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having lived in this city for three years, she
knows it very well.在这个城市生活了3年，她
对这里已很熟悉。 I
really regretted having missed such an exciting
lecture.错过了这么振
奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 注意：
在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用
一般式来代替。 I really
regretted missing such an exciting
lecture.错过了这么振奋人心的
演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really
regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.)
We
remembered seeing the film.我们记得看过这部电影。(=We
remembered having seen the
film. )C.动词-
ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-
ing形
式表示的动作的承受者。 1．一般式的被动形式 The question
being discussed is very
important.
正在讨论的问题很重要。 I can't stand being kept waiting.
我不堪久候。
2．完成式的被动形式 I heard of his having been
chosen to be the coach of the
team.我听说
他被选为球队的教练。 Having been shown the lab,
we were taken to see the school
library.
在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。 D.动词-
ing形式的否定形式
动词的-ing形式的否定形式是由not加动词的-
ing形式构成。 His not coming made
everyone present
very disappointed. 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。 I'm sorry
for
not being present at the meeting in
time.我很抱歉没能按时赴会。 Not knowing his address,
I
could do nothing but stay at home and
wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 Not
having studied his
lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
因为没有努力学习功课，
他考试不及格。
二、动词的-ing形式的用法A．动词的-
ing形式作主语 1．动词的-ing形式可直接置于句
首作主语。 Seeing is
believing.百闻不如一见。 Collecting stamps is
interesting.集邮很有
趣。 Learning about a
language is easier than using it.学习有关语言的知识比使用语言容易。
Being invited to the party was a great honor
to the family.被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。
2．为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。 It is
easy making plans, but it is difficult
carrying them.制定计划很容易，实行它却很难。 It is
no use
crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a
waste of time arguing
about it. 争论这事是浪费时间。
必背：动词的-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。 It's no
good talking
to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。 It is useless telephoning
him. He is not willing
to come.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。
It's worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。
There is no saying when it will stop raining.
无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。 There is no
joking about such
matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 B．动词的-ing形式作表语 动词的-
ing
形式作表语的有两种不同的含义： 1．表示主语的内容是什么。 Her job is
keeping the
lecture hall as clean as
possible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 The real question is
getting to know the needs of the
students.真正的问题是了解学生的需要。 His hobby is
collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 2．表示主语具有的特征。 The
problem is quite
puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。 It was
astonishing to see the animals and plants that are
found nowhere else in the world.
看到了世界上其它地方找不到的动植物真是令人惊讶。
The food at the
dinner party did not seem very inviting.
宴会上的食物似乎并不诱人。 比
较： 一般说来，动词的-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作
，或抽象性的动作，时间概
念不强。而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来
的动作。
Smoking is forbidden here.这里禁止吸烟。（泛指）
It's not good for you to smoke so
much.吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。（具体） They prefer staying
indoors when the
weather is
cold.天冷时他们喜欢呆在室内。（泛指） Would you prefer to stay at
home this
evening今晚你想待在家里吗？（具体C．动词的-ing形式作宾语
动词的-ing形式既可作
及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 1．作动词的宾语 能用-
ing形式作宾语的及物动
词可分两类，一类是只能用-ing形式作宾语，另一类是既可用-
ing形式作宾语，也可用不
定式作宾语。 只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词 这类动词只能用-
ing形式作宾语，不能用不
定式作宾语。 Fancy meeting you
here!想不到在这儿见到你了! I suggest doing it in a
different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 They didn't
mind being treated like guests.
他们不在乎被人当作宾客对待。 They admitted smokinghaving
smoked in the hall. 他们
承认在大厅里抽过烟。 I regret
sayinghaving said what I said.我很后悔自己说过的话。 He
couldn't help laughing.他情不自禁地笑了起来。 I can't
imagine the boy speaking so rudely
to you.
我不能想像这个男孩对你说话这么没礼貌。 必背： 只接动词的-
ing形式而不接不
定式作宾语的动词有 admit承认 appreciate感激
avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽搁
dislike嫌恶
enjoy喜欢 escape避免 excuse原谅 fancy想不到 feel like意欲
finish完成
forgive原谅 give up放弃 cannot
help情不自禁 imagine设想 include包括 keep保持
mention提及 mind介意 miss逃过 put off推迟
practice练习 resist抵制 risk冒险 既
可用动词-
ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语 这类动词虽然既能用-
ing形式作宾语，
也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：
a.有些动词，如attempt,
continue, hate, intend, like,
love, prefer等，后面接动词的-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。
They prefer spending to spend their
summer vacation in Dalian.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。
I
intend to buy buying an English-Chinese
dictionary.我想买一本英汉词典。 提示：应尽
量避免接连出现两个动词-
ing形式。 I am starting to learn Russian. 我开始学俄语。
避免
说：I am starting learning Russian. 我开始学俄语。
b. need, require, want作“需要”解时，
后面接-
ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别，但用-ing形式比较普
通。
Your composition needs correcting to be
corrected.你的作文需要修改。 His coat
wants cleaning
to be cleaned. 他的大衣需要洗了。 The old woman requires
looking after
carefully to be looked after
carefully.这个老大娘需要细心地照料。 2．作介词宾语
动词的
-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。常见的几种搭配形式有： 动词+介词+
-
ing形式 Jason aims at becoming an
astronaut.詹森立志要当宇航员。 I dream of being the
best footballer in the school.我梦想成为全校最好的足球队员。
比较： keep doing继续或
保持做某事。（强调动作的持续性） News lf
successes keeps pouring in. 捷报频传。
Keep on
doing继续或反复做某事。（强调动作的反复性） We will keep on trying
we get anything notify you. 我们将继续努力。有结果将通知你。
Keep sb doing
使某人一直做某事（表示被迫进行的动作） I'll try not
to keep you waiting.我尽量不让你
久等。 Keep sb from
doing阻止某人做某事（＝preventstop sb from doing） The
stone
walls keep the farmer's cows from
joining his neighbor's cows.
石头墙使农民家的牛不会混
入邻居的牛群中去。 动词+名词+介词+ -ing形式
Please excuse me for being late.对不起，
我迟到了。
What prevented you from joining us last
night昨天晚上什么事使你不能和我
们在一起 Sandy wasted no time
in getting to know the boss's
daughter.桑迪很快就开始就
和老板的女儿套近乎了。 名词+介词+ -ing形式
We like his way of teaching
English.我们
喜欢他教英语的方式。 He has little hope of
passing the examination.他几乎没有什么希望
通过考试。 I have
no difficulty in communicating with
foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没
有什么困难。 形容词+介词+ -ing形式
I'm tired of having the same food every
day.天天吃
同样的东西我感到腻烦了。 Peter is angry about not
being invited to the party.没有被邀请
出席聚会，彼得很生气。
Who's responsible for organizing this conference
是谁负责组织
这次大会？ whathow about + -ing形式 What
about going for a walk去散步好不好？
How about
playing a game of chess now现在来下盘棋好吗 介词to +动词-
ing形式 to既可
以是介词，也可以是不定式符号，在使用中比较容易混淆。若是不定式符号，t
o后接动词
原形；若是介词，to后需接-ing形式。 You must get used
to washing your face with cold
water.你必须习惯用冷水洗脸。 John has admitted to
breaking the window.约翰已承认了
打碎窗子。 I'm looking
forward to seeing you this summer
vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到
你。 He has devoted his whole
life to benefiting mankind.他为全人类的利益献出了自己的
一生。
However, others strongly object to developing
private cars.然而,另有一些人强烈反
对发展私人小汽车。 He is equal
to doing this task.他能胜任这项任务。 The man took to
drinking shortly after his wife
died.他妻子死后不久，这人就开始嗜酒。 Isn't it time you
got
down to marking those papers难道还没到你安下心来阅卷的时D．动词的-
ing形式作
宾语补足语 1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice,
watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to,
observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构
成复合宾语。 We heard the children shouting
upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。 I
noticed a man
running out of the bank when I got off the
car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人
从银行里跑出来。 I felt my heart
beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。 2．动
词的-
ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别 在see, hear, feel, watch,
notice等感官动词后，
既可用动词的-
ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区
别。用动词的-
ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的
全过程结束了。 He
saw a girl getting on the car.他看见一个女孩在上汽车。(She was
getting on the car.) He saw a girl get on the
car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。
(She got on
the car and drove off.) Do you hear someone
knocking at the door你听见有人
在敲门吗？(Someone is
knocking at the door.) Do you hear someone knock
at the door你
听见有人敲门了吗？(Someone knocked at the
door just now.)提示：
如果宾语补足语是一
系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。 I saw
him enter the room,
sit down and light a
cigarette.我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。
3．动词
的-ing形式也可用在have, get, leave, keep, set,
catch等表示“致使”的动词后作宾语补足语。
They should not leave
us wondering what they will do
next.他们不应该不让我们知道他们
下一步要做什么。 I won't have you
running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑
去。 We
kept the fire burning all night long. 我们使火整夜燃烧着。
E．动词的-ing形式
作定语 1．单个的动词的-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。
说明被修饰名词
的用途和性能。 a reading room= a room which
is used for reading阅览室 running shoes=
shoes
for running跑鞋 a working method = a method of
working工作方法 必背： a
sewing machine 缝纫机 a
swimming pool 游泳池 a drawing board 画板 a
dining car
餐车 a driving permit 驾驶许可证 a
walking stick 手杖 a singing competition 歌咏比赛
a waiting room 候车室 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个
定语从句，
可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing
countries =
countries that are developing发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks
ordinary看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a
problem that puzzles somebody困
扰人的问题 The
working people are masters of our
country.劳动人民是我们国家的主人。
Let sleeping dogs
lie.不要惹麻烦。 必背： a disappointing play令人失望的戏剧 an
astonishing adventure惊人的冒险 boiling water
正在沸腾的水 a sleeping baby 熟睡的
婴儿 a barking dog
狂吠的狗 the setting sun 落日 the coming week
下一周 failing
sight 逐渐衰退的视力 2．作定语的-
ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。
The bottle
containing vinegar should be sent to the
laboratory.装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实
验室去。 They lived in a
house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 The book
being discussed a lot will be published next
month.人们谈论很多的那本书下一个月将出版。
3．有些情况下，动词的-
ing形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语从句。 作定语的-ing形
式表示的动作要与主句谓语的
动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从
句。 【误】The professor
coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】The
professor who came here yesterday will
give us a lecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个
讲座。
-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。 【误】The temple having
been
destroyed by the earthquake will
be rebuilt soon. 【正】The temple which has been
destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt
soon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要修建了。
间吗？F．动词的-ing形式作状语 动词的-i
ng形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时
间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。
-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、
让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1．表示时间，相当于一
个时间状语从句。 Seeing those pictures,
she remembered her
childhood.看到那些画，她
想起了自己的童年。（= When she saw
those pictures...） Having made full preparations,
we are ready for the
examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。（= After
we
have made full preparation...）
2．表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Not
knowing his address,
I can't send this book to
him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书
送给他。（= As I don't know
his address...） Being ill, he didn't go to school
yesterday.由于
生病，他昨天没有上学。（= Since he was ill...）
3．表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving
him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。（= ... and left
him a lot of money） She was so angry that she
threw the toy on the ground, breaking it
into
pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。（= ... and broke it
into pieces...）
4．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Going
straight down the road, you will find the
department store.顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。（= If
you go straight
down the road...） Working
hard at your lessons, you will
succeed.如果你努力学习，就一
定能成功。（= If you work hard at
your lessons...） 5．表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从
句。 Knowing
all this, they made me pay for the
damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是
要我赔偿损失。（= Although they
knew all this...） Working hard as he did, he was
still
unable to earn enough money to buy a
car.他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。（=
Though he worked
hard as he did...）
6．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一
个并列结构。 He lay on the
grass, staring at the sky for a long
time.他躺在草地上，长时间
地望着天空。（= ...and stared at the
sky for a long time） She came into the house,
carrying a lot of books.她捧着许多书走进了房间。（= ...and
carried a lot of books） 三、
动词的-
ing形式的逻辑主语A．作主语的-ing形式
-ing形式作主语时，其逻辑主语对于谈
话双方是不言而喻的。 Reading aloud
is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。（Reading
aloud
的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来）提示： 如果作主语的-
ing形式需要自己
的逻辑主语时，一般用物主代词或名词所有格（即名词后加's）。 His
father's falling ill
worried him
greatly.他父亲生病使他很着急。（his father是falling ill的逻辑主语）
Your
coming to work with us will be a great
encouragement to
us.你来和我们一道工作，对我们
是很大的鼓舞。（you是coming to work
with us的逻辑主语）B．作表语的-ing形式
-ing
形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但作表语的-
ing形式也可带有自己的逻
辑主语。 What worries me most is
Julia's staying too late every
night.我担心的是她天天晚
上熬夜熬得太迟。（staying too late every
night的逻辑主语是Julia） The main problem is
your
not having practiced a lot.主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习。（not
having practiced a
lot的逻辑主语是you）C．作定语的-ing形式
-ing形式作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它修饰
的名词。 an interesting
book一本有意思的书= a book that interests its readers a
running
stream一条奔流的小溪= a stream that is
running 如果-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受
者，就要用-ing形式的被动式。
The meeting being held in Beijing now is of great
importance.正在北京召开的会议非常重要。（逻辑主语the
meeting和“举行”之间的关系
是被动的，所以用being heldD．作宾语的-
ing形式
-ing形式作宾语时，其逻辑主语常是
句子中的主语。如要明确动作的执行者，也可以在-
ing形式前加上名词或代词表示逻辑主
语。 I can't imagine John's
giving a speech in front of so many
people.我不能想像约翰会在
这么多人前面发言。(John是giving a
speech的逻辑主语) He was awakened by someone
knocking at the door.
他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。(someone是knocking at the
door的逻
辑主语) The boss understood himhis wanting
to leave.老板明白他为什么要离职。（“他”是
wanting to
leave逻辑主语） 比较： He insisted on doing it
himself.他坚持要自己做。
（doing it的逻辑主语是句子的主语“他”） He
insisted on my doing it.他坚持要我做。
（doing
it的逻辑主语是“我”） Would you mind opening the
window请你把窗子打开好吗？
（opening the window的逻辑主语是“你”）
Would you mind my opening the
window你介
意我把窗子打开吗？（opening the window的逻辑主语是“我”）
E．作宾语补足语的-ing
形式 动词-
ing形式作逻辑主语时，它的逻辑主语就是它前面的宾语。 We often hear her
singing this song.我们经常听见她唱这首歌。（singing this
song的逻辑主语是“她”） We
often hear this song
(being) sung.我们经常听见这首歌被人唱。（逻辑主语“this
song”和宾
语补足语“唱”的关系是被动，所以用-ing形式的被动式或-ed分词。）
F．作状语的动词-
ing形式 1．动词的-
ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
Entering the
classroom, I found nobody in
it.走进教室，我发现里面没人。（entering的逻
辑主语是I，相当于when I
entered the classroom, I found nobody in it.）
如-ing形式表示
的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。这种无依着的-
ing形式，语法上称之为
“垂悬分词”。 【误】Looking out through
the window, the garden was beautiful.（looking
out through the window的逻辑主语是the garden，显然不对）
【正】Looking out
through the window, we saw a
beautiful garden.从窗户看出去，我们看见一个漂亮的花园。
【误】Reading the evening newspaper, a dog
started barking.（逻辑主语是dog，它不会看
晚报） 【正】I was
reading the evening newspaper when a dog started
barking.我看着晚
报的时候，一只狗开始叫起来。 2．如不能和句子中的主语保持一致，该
-ing形式必须有
自己的逻辑主语，通常有名词或代词来担任。 The last bus
having gone, we had to walk
home.末班车已经开走了，我们不得不走回家。（having gone的逻辑主语是the
last bus，
而不是we） Time permitting, the football
match will be played on Friday.天气允许的话，
足球赛将在周五举
行。（permitting的逻辑主语是time，而不是the football match）
注
意： 高中阶段有一些固定的-ing形式短语，如generally speaking,
judging from...,
considering..., talking
of..., supposing...等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种
-ing
短语可当作一个插入语。 Generally speaking, boys are more
interested in science than
girls.
一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。 Judging from his accent, he
must come
from Canada.从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大。
Considering how poor he was, we
decided to let
him attend the concert for
free.考虑到他是多么的穷，我们决定让他免费听音
乐会。 Supposing
it rains what will you do假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？