高中英语书面表达中的高级结构
六级准考证号查询-金丝猴的资料
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嘉兴英语教学整理
书面表达中的高级结构
王道波
我
们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就
得有高
级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高
级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，
未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面
表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和
高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。
下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。
一．高级词汇
1．occur 替换 think of
Suddenly
I had an idea that someone had broken into my
house. →
An idea occurred to me that
someone had broken into my house.
It
occurred to me that someone had broken into my
house.
2．devote替换spend
He spends all
his spare time in reading. →
He devotes all
his spare time to reading.
3．seek替换want look
for
They sought ( wanted ) to hide
themselves behind the trees.
4．average
替换ordinary
I’m an average ( ordinary )
student.
5．but替换very
The film we saw
last night was very interesting. →
The film
we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
The film we saw last night was anything but
boring.
6．seat 替换sit
On his way to school,
he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road,
looking worried.
7．suppose 替换should
He
is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.
8．appreciate 替换thank
Thank you very
much for you help. →
We appreciate your
help very much. Your help is much appreciated.
9．the case替换 true
I don’t think it is
the case ( true ).
10．on替换as soon as
As
soon as he arrived, he began his research. →
On his arrival, he began his research..
11．due
to替换because of
He arrived late due to (
because of ) the storm.
12．cover替换walkread
After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all
felt tired.
13．contribute to替换 be
helpfuluseful
Plenty of memory work is
undoubtedly helpful to English study. →
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute
to English study.
14．round the corner 替换
coming soon nearby
① The summer vacation
is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any
plans?
② Li Ming studies in a school round the
corner (nearby).
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15．come to light替换discover
The family were
so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →
The family were so pleased when the lost
jewels came to light.
16．have a ball替换have a
good time enjoy oneself
After visiting the
workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us
had a ball ( had
a good time ).
17．come up
with替换think of
Jack is very clever. He
often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.
18．set aside替换save
Some students think
that they should set aside some of their pocket
money for books.
(2004天津卷)
19．be of + n.
替换adj.
The products are of high quality
(very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.
20．refer to 替换talk aboutof, mention
The professor you referred to (talked about ) is
very famous.
21．can not but can not help
but替换have to do
I could not but (had to) go
home.
22．more often than not替换usually
More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many
words can be easily guessed.
23．lest替换so that
in order that
I wrote down his telephone
number so that I would not forget it. →
I
wrote down his telephone number lest I (should)
forget it.
24．be long for sth. be long to do
sth. 替换want to do for
I want to see you
very much. →
I am long to see you.
25．be caught up inbe crazy aboutbe absorbed
inbe addicted to替换be interested in
He is
caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting
stamps.
26．more than替换very
① I’m very
glad to learn that you are coming in September. →
I’m more than glad to learn that you are
coming in September. ( NMET 2003 )
② If
there is anything I can do for you, I would be
more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)
27．perfect
(ly) 替换good very well
He speaks perfect ( good
) English. He speaks English perfectly ( very well
).
28．do sb athe favor 替换help
Would
you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn
down the radio?
29．the other day替换a few days
ago
The other day my brother and I went to
the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )
30．in the
course of替换during
In the course of
(During) the mountain-climbing, please help each
other and pay
special attention to your
safety.
31．the majority of替换most
The
majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer
watching TV at home to going to
the cinema.
32．consist of替换be made up of
Our class
consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.
33．be worn out替换 be tired broken
①
After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn
out (tired).
② My shoes are worn out
(broken). Please buy me a new pair.
34．become
of替换 happen
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What do think has
become of ( happened to ) him ?
35．attend
to替换look after
36．on condition that替换as long
as
37．nevertheless替换however
38．express
one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with
39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to
do
40．many a 替换many
41．be rushed off one’s
feet 替换be busy in doing
42．a handful of替换a
little some
43．meanwhile替换at the same time
44．get to one’s feet替换stand up
45．beneath替换under
46．occasionally替换sometimes once in while
47．for instance替换for example
48．seldom替换not often
49．wealthy替换 rich
50．amazing替换surprising
51．as a matter of
fact 替换in fact
二．高级句型结构
◆ It句型
① It
will be + some time + before…
It won’t be
long before humans visit the Mars.
② It is +
adj.n.+ for sb to do sth.
It is very
important for us to learn computer well, because
it has changed our life so
much.
He said
since it was a new model in China, it was
impossible to fix it without the
right spare
parts.（2008年湖北卷）
③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…
1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages
us a lot.
2) Those who like reading
extensively say it is through reading that we get
our
knowledge.
◆ more …than any other
表示最高级
Among the optional courses,
spoken English and computer study are more popular
than
any one else.
◆ 名词从句
① It would
mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and
learn what is covered in
the talk. ( 2004 全国卷
Ⅲ )
② My hometown is no longer what it used
to be.
◆（非限制性）定语从句
① The flat is in a
building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from
Jianxin Chinese School.→
The flat is in
a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far
from Jianxin Chinese
School. (NMET 2003)
② It was quite an experience for us both, which
I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.
(2002 北京卷)
◆ 分词结构
① I don’t know
about others, but I used to have to work even at
weekends doing
endless homework and attending
classes as well. (NMET 2001)
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②
We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching
TV, playing games, and meeting
people. (2004
全国卷Ⅱ)
③ Hearing this, a few people began to
run after him.（2004 辽宁卷）
④ Born in American,
Thomas Edison was a great scientist and
inventor.（2008年湖南
卷）
◆ with结构
① A
terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine
people killed and almost eighty
injured.
② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his
shoulder, with a large suitcase in
his left
hand.
◆ 倒装句
① The library is to the east
of the teaching building. →
East of the
teaching building is the library.
② Although
we are tired, we are happy.→
Tired as we
are, we are happy.
③ Only in this way can
he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷)
④ May
all your dreams come true! May our friendship last
till the end of the universe.!
（2007年湖南卷）
◆
被动语态
① Opinions are divided on the
question. (NMET 2002)
② All classes are taught
by teachers with rich experience in teaching
foreign students.
(2004全国卷 Ⅳ)
③ New
factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004
江苏卷)
◆ 巧妙的改写
（1）．Only 改成no one but
Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one
but Tom passed the exam.
（2）．as soon as …改成No
sooner…than…Hardly…when…Immediately…The
moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema
than the film started.
（3）．have sbsth dodone
The girl was knocked off her bicycle and
had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).
（4）．变换插入语的位置
① However, they suggest
fees should be charged low. →
They
suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
(NMET 2002)
② I think this is a good
chance for you to show your singing talent, and
how well
you’ve learned Chinese. →
This is a good chance for you, I think, to show
your singing talent, and how well
you’ve
learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ)
(5).
用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei, who is seven
years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for
several
days.→
Meimei, a girl of thirteen,
has been learning to ride a bicycle for several
days.
(2002上海卷)
Shakespeare, a
son from a poor family, a man of little education,
wrote plays and
poems that are read all over
the world.（2008年湖南卷）
◆ 其它
（1）注重句子的开头
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① 用with复合结构开头
With the sun setting in the west,
we had to wave goodbye to the workers.
With his help, we've learned how to analyze and
settle problems.（2006年湖南卷）
With the functions
of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it
enables us to edit
test, browse web page and
download what we want.（2009年江苏卷）
②
用非谓语动词形式开头
ⅰ）In order to improve
our English, our school held an English contest.
ⅱ）Walking towards the cinema, he
met a foreigner.
（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）
◆◆ 相关过渡语
1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards,
meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last…
2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front
of, on the left, on one side…
3). 表示比较、对照:
like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other
hand, on the
contrary, nevertheless,
otherwise…
4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a
result, therefore, thus…
5). 表示递进关系: besides,
what’s more, what was worse, moreover,
furthermore, in
addition, on top of…
6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…
7).
表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the
whole, to sum up, in brief,
to conclude…
2009年12月
第 5 页 共 5 页
顾燕卿提供
嘉兴英语教学整理
书面表达中的高级结构
王道波
我
们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就
得有高
级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高
级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，
未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面
表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和
高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。
下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。
一．高级词汇
1．occur 替换 think of
Suddenly
I had an idea that someone had broken into my
house. →
An idea occurred to me that
someone had broken into my house.
It
occurred to me that someone had broken into my
house.
2．devote替换spend
He spends all
his spare time in reading. →
He devotes all
his spare time to reading.
3．seek替换want look
for
They sought ( wanted ) to hide
themselves behind the trees.
4．average
替换ordinary
I’m an average ( ordinary )
student.
5．but替换very
The film we saw
last night was very interesting. →
The film
we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
The film we saw last night was anything but
boring.
6．seat 替换sit
On his way to school,
he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road,
looking worried.
7．suppose 替换should
He
is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.
8．appreciate 替换thank
Thank you very
much for you help. →
We appreciate your
help very much. Your help is much appreciated.
9．the case替换 true
I don’t think it is
the case ( true ).
10．on替换as soon as
As
soon as he arrived, he began his research. →
On his arrival, he began his research..
11．due
to替换because of
He arrived late due to (
because of ) the storm.
12．cover替换walkread
After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all
felt tired.
13．contribute to替换 be
helpfuluseful
Plenty of memory work is
undoubtedly helpful to English study. →
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute
to English study.
14．round the corner 替换
coming soon nearby
① The summer vacation
is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any
plans?
② Li Ming studies in a school round the
corner (nearby).
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15．come to light替换discover
The family were
so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →
The family were so pleased when the lost
jewels came to light.
16．have a ball替换have a
good time enjoy oneself
After visiting the
workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us
had a ball ( had
a good time ).
17．come up
with替换think of
Jack is very clever. He
often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.
18．set aside替换save
Some students think
that they should set aside some of their pocket
money for books.
(2004天津卷)
19．be of + n.
替换adj.
The products are of high quality
(very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.
20．refer to 替换talk aboutof, mention
The professor you referred to (talked about ) is
very famous.
21．can not but can not help
but替换have to do
I could not but (had to) go
home.
22．more often than not替换usually
More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many
words can be easily guessed.
23．lest替换so that
in order that
I wrote down his telephone
number so that I would not forget it. →
I
wrote down his telephone number lest I (should)
forget it.
24．be long for sth. be long to do
sth. 替换want to do for
I want to see you
very much. →
I am long to see you.
25．be caught up inbe crazy aboutbe absorbed
inbe addicted to替换be interested in
He is
caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting
stamps.
26．more than替换very
① I’m very
glad to learn that you are coming in September. →
I’m more than glad to learn that you are
coming in September. ( NMET 2003 )
② If
there is anything I can do for you, I would be
more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)
27．perfect
(ly) 替换good very well
He speaks perfect ( good
) English. He speaks English perfectly ( very well
).
28．do sb athe favor 替换help
Would
you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn
down the radio?
29．the other day替换a few days
ago
The other day my brother and I went to
the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )
30．in the
course of替换during
In the course of
(During) the mountain-climbing, please help each
other and pay
special attention to your
safety.
31．the majority of替换most
The
majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer
watching TV at home to going to
the cinema.
32．consist of替换be made up of
Our class
consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.
33．be worn out替换 be tired broken
①
After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn
out (tired).
② My shoes are worn out
(broken). Please buy me a new pair.
34．become
of替换 happen
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What do think has
become of ( happened to ) him ?
35．attend
to替换look after
36．on condition that替换as long
as
37．nevertheless替换however
38．express
one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with
39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to
do
40．many a 替换many
41．be rushed off one’s
feet 替换be busy in doing
42．a handful of替换a
little some
43．meanwhile替换at the same time
44．get to one’s feet替换stand up
45．beneath替换under
46．occasionally替换sometimes once in while
47．for instance替换for example
48．seldom替换not often
49．wealthy替换 rich
50．amazing替换surprising
51．as a matter of
fact 替换in fact
二．高级句型结构
◆ It句型
① It
will be + some time + before…
It won’t be
long before humans visit the Mars.
② It is +
adj.n.+ for sb to do sth.
It is very
important for us to learn computer well, because
it has changed our life so
much.
He said
since it was a new model in China, it was
impossible to fix it without the
right spare
parts.（2008年湖北卷）
③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…
1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages
us a lot.
2) Those who like reading
extensively say it is through reading that we get
our
knowledge.
◆ more …than any other
表示最高级
Among the optional courses,
spoken English and computer study are more popular
than
any one else.
◆ 名词从句
① It would
mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and
learn what is covered in
the talk. ( 2004 全国卷
Ⅲ )
② My hometown is no longer what it used
to be.
◆（非限制性）定语从句
① The flat is in a
building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from
Jianxin Chinese School.→
The flat is in
a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far
from Jianxin Chinese
School. (NMET 2003)
② It was quite an experience for us both, which
I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.
(2002 北京卷)
◆ 分词结构
① I don’t know
about others, but I used to have to work even at
weekends doing
endless homework and attending
classes as well. (NMET 2001)
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②
We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching
TV, playing games, and meeting
people. (2004
全国卷Ⅱ)
③ Hearing this, a few people began to
run after him.（2004 辽宁卷）
④ Born in American,
Thomas Edison was a great scientist and
inventor.（2008年湖南
卷）
◆ with结构
① A
terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine
people killed and almost eighty
injured.
② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his
shoulder, with a large suitcase in
his left
hand.
◆ 倒装句
① The library is to the east
of the teaching building. →
East of the
teaching building is the library.
② Although
we are tired, we are happy.→
Tired as we
are, we are happy.
③ Only in this way can
he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷)
④ May
all your dreams come true! May our friendship last
till the end of the universe.!
（2007年湖南卷）
◆
被动语态
① Opinions are divided on the
question. (NMET 2002)
② All classes are taught
by teachers with rich experience in teaching
foreign students.
(2004全国卷 Ⅳ)
③ New
factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004
江苏卷)
◆ 巧妙的改写
（1）．Only 改成no one but
Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one
but Tom passed the exam.
（2）．as soon as …改成No
sooner…than…Hardly…when…Immediately…The
moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema
than the film started.
（3）．have sbsth dodone
The girl was knocked off her bicycle and
had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).
（4）．变换插入语的位置
① However, they suggest
fees should be charged low. →
They
suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
(NMET 2002)
② I think this is a good
chance for you to show your singing talent, and
how well
you’ve learned Chinese. →
This is a good chance for you, I think, to show
your singing talent, and how well
you’ve
learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ)
(5).
用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei, who is seven
years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for
several
days.→
Meimei, a girl of thirteen,
has been learning to ride a bicycle for several
days.
(2002上海卷)
Shakespeare, a
son from a poor family, a man of little education,
wrote plays and
poems that are read all over
the world.（2008年湖南卷）
◆ 其它
（1）注重句子的开头
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① 用with复合结构开头
With the sun setting in the west,
we had to wave goodbye to the workers.
With his help, we've learned how to analyze and
settle problems.（2006年湖南卷）
With the functions
of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it
enables us to edit
test, browse web page and
download what we want.（2009年江苏卷）
②
用非谓语动词形式开头
ⅰ）In order to improve
our English, our school held an English contest.
ⅱ）Walking towards the cinema, he
met a foreigner.
（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）
◆◆ 相关过渡语
1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards,
meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last…
2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front
of, on the left, on one side…
3). 表示比较、对照:
like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other
hand, on the
contrary, nevertheless,
otherwise…
4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a
result, therefore, thus…
5). 表示递进关系: besides,
what’s more, what was worse, moreover,
furthermore, in
addition, on top of…
6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…
7).
表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the
whole, to sum up, in brief,
to conclude…
2009年12月
第 5 页 共 5 页