高职高专英语附表三——语法结构表
商洛学校-见习总结报告
高职高专英语附表三——语法结构表
时间：2013-10-11 19:36:53
高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求（试行）语法结构表
一、本表列出了英语课程教学中学生需掌握的语法知识。
二、本表所规定的是学生应该掌握的
语法知识和技能范围，并不要求在教学
中对所列全部项目进行专题讲授。语法教学的重点是培养学生实际
使用语法的能
力。
Symbols ＆ Abbreviations
Nomenclature
N
Noun
Pron
Pronoun
Num
Numeral
Art
Article
Prep
Preposition
Adj
Adjective
Ad
Adverb
Det
Determiner
V
Verb
V-ing
1
Gerund
V-ing
2
Present participle
V-ed
1
Past form of verb
V-ed
2
Past participle
To V
Infinitive
S
Subject
O
Object
Oi
Indirect object
Od
Direct object
Cs
Subject complement
Co
Object complement
Wh-words
who, when, where, how, why,
which, whether
Conj
Conjunction
Exc
Exclamation
1．Noun （名词）：
1.1
Classes of N: countable vs. Uncountable
（名词的种类：可数名词与
不可数名词）
1.2 Number of N (名词的数)
1.3 Irregular plurals (不规则复数)
1.4
Genitive case of N (名词的所有格)
1.5 Double
genitive (双重所有格)
e. g . a portrait of Mr.
Brown’s (cf. a portrait of Mr. Brown)
2．Pronoun (代词)
2.1 Personal pronoun
(人称代词)
2.2 Demonstrative pronoun (指示代词)
2.3 Possessive pronoun (物主代词)
2.4 Reflexive
pronoun (反身代词)
2.5 Interrogative
pronoun（疑问代词）
2.6 Indefinite pronoun（不定代词）
2.7 Reciprocal pronoun（相互代词）
2.8
Relative pronoun（关系代词）
3．Numeral（数词）
3.1
Cardinal and ordinal numbers（基数词和序数词）
3.2
Percentage（百分数）
3.3 Fraction（分数）
3.4
Decimal （小数）
3.5 Multiple（倍数）
3.6 Year,
Month, Date, Time（年份、月份、日期、时刻）
4．Determiner（限定词）
4.1 Definite and
indefrinite articles（定冠词和不定冠词）
4.2 any, all,
both, each, every, either, neither, no, this, etc.
4.3 Quantifiers（数量词）
,a piece of,
etc
5．Preposition（介词）
5.1 Simple
preposition（简单介词）
5.2 Compound
preposition（复合介词）
6．Adjective（形容词）
6.1
Syntactic function of Adj（形容词的句法功能）
6.2
Adj+Prep
6.3 Adj+toV
6.4 Adj+that-clause
6.5 Too+Adj+to V
6.6 Adj+enough+to V
6.7 so+Adj+as+to V
7．Adverb（副词）
7.1
Syntactic function of Adv（副词的句法功能）
7.2
Adverbs with or without-ly（带-ly和不带-ly的副词）
, highly; most, mlostly, etc.
7.3 Position of
adverbs （副词的位置）
8．The comparative and
superlative degrees of AdjAdv（形容词和副
词的比较级和最高级）
9．Verb classes（动词）
9.1 Transitive
and intransitive verbs（及物动词和不及物动词）
9.2
Auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries （助动词和情态动词）
9.3 Phrasal verbs（短语动词）
e.g. depend on,
turn out, catch up with, etc.
10. Tense（时态）
10.1 Simple present, past,
future（一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来
时）
10.2 Present
and past progressive（现在进行时和过去进行时）
10.3
Future progressive（将来进行时）
10.4 Present and
past perfect（现在完在时和过去完成时）
10.5 Future
perfect （将来完来时）
10.6 Present perfect
progressive（现在完成进行时）
10.7 Past perfect
progressive（过去完成进行时）
11．Passive voice（被动语态）
11.1 Passive voivce in simple
tenses（被动语态的一般式）
11.2 Passive voice in
perfect and progressive tenses（被动语态的完成
式和进行式）
11.3 Passive voice of phrasal
verbs（短语动词的被动语态）
11.4 Passive voice of modal
verbs（含情态动词的被动语态）
12．Subjunctive mood（虚拟语气）
12.1 in conditional sentences（用于条件句中）
12.1.1 if+V-ed
1
…would+V
12.1.2
if+had+V-ed
2
…would +have+V-ed
2
12.1.3 if+shouldwere to+V, …would+V
12.1.4 omission of if（if的省略)
12.2 in the
following that-clause after（用于下列动词的that宾语从句中）
wish, demand, suggest, etc
It + be +
suggested desirable. etc.
Suggestion,
recommendation, etc.
12.3 in the following
clauses and constructions（用于下列从句和结构中）
as
if + clause, as though + clause
It is
time that
Would rather
13．To
V(Infinitive动词不定式)
13.1 as subject, object,
attribute and complement（用作主语，宾语、
定语和补足语）
13.2 Indicating purpose／result（表示目的／结果）
13.3
It+（be）+Adj（+for+sb．）+ to V
13.4 wh-words+ to
V（phrase）（疑问词加不定式[短语］）
13.5 to
be+V-ed
2
, to have+V-ed
2
,to be
+V-ing
2
(不定式的被动式、完成
式和进行式）
14．V-ing
1
（Gerund动名词）
14.1 as
object, subject and predicative（用作宾语、主语和表语）
14.2 Prep+V-ing
1
14.3
It+be+...+V-ing
1
14.4 N／Pron or their
Possessive+ V-ing
1
as subject and
object（名
词／代词或其所有格加动名词作主语和宾语）
14.5
Prep+N／Pron or their possessive+
V-ing
1
（介词加名词／代词
或其所有格加动名词）
14.6
Being+
V-ed
2
，having＋V-ed
2
（动名词的被动式和完成式）
15．V-ing
2
and V-ed
2
（Present
and Past Participle现在分词和过去分词）
15.1 as
premodifier and postmodifier in a noun
phrase（作名词的
前位和后位修饰语）
15.2 as
complement（作补足语）
15.3 as an adverb clause
equlvalent（作状语）
15.4
when／while，etc．+V-ing
2
V-ed
2
（when／while等+现在分词
或过去分词）
15.5（
with）N+V-ing
2
／V-ed
2
（［with］+名词+现在分词
或过去分词）
5.6 being+ V-ed
2,
havins+
V-ed
2
，having been+ V-ed
2
as an
adverb or
adjective clause equivalent
（现在分词的被动式、完成式和完成被动式作状
语或定语从句）
16． Baslc
sentence pattems and sentence
elements（基本句型和
句子成分）
Pattern l：S+V
Pattern 2：S+V+Cs
Pattern 3：S+V+O
Pattern 4：S+V+Oi+Od
Pattern 5：S+V+Od+Co
17．Transformation of basic sentence
patterns（基本句型转换）
17.1 Interrogative
form（疑问形式）
17.2 Negative from（否定形式）
17.3
Imperative form（命令形式）
17.4 Passive form（被动形式）
18．There be There be结构
18.1
There+(be)+N+Adv
18.2 There will-modal
V+beexist(s)seem(s)to beappear(s)to be
+N+Adv
18.3 There (be)+N+AdjV-
ing
2
V-ed
2
to Vrelative clause
19．Agreement（一致关系）
19.1 Between subject
and predicate V（主语和谓语动词的一致关系）
19.2 Between
pronoun and its antecedent（代词与其先行词的一致关系）
20．Noun clause（名词从句）
20.1 that and
omission of that(that和that的省略)
20.2 whether,
if
20.3 which(ever),who(ever), whom, whose
20.4 when, where, why, how, how
muchmanylongoften
20.5 what, whatever
21．Attributive clause（定语从句）
21.1
Restrictive and non-
restrictive（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从
句）
21.2 That,
which, who, whom, when, where, why
21.3 Whose
21.4 Omission of thatwhich(thatwhich的省略)
21.5 (N+Pron+)Prep+whichwhomwhose
21.6 the
samesuch…as
21.7 whichas(with sentential
antecedent)(whichas指代句子)
22．Apposition（同位关系）
22.1 Noun in apposition（名词作同位语）
22.2
Appositive clause（同位语从句）
22.3 Noun phrase as
appositive to clause（名词短语作句子的同位语）
22.4
explicit indicators of apposition
e.g.
that is(to say), for example, etc.
23．Clauses
of time and space （时间从句和地点从句）
23.1
when(ever), while, as, after, before, since
23.2 where(ever)
23.3 until, till
23.4
once, the moment, as soon as , each time,
immediately (that),
no sooner…than.
24．Clauses of condition, concession and
contrast（条件从句，让步从
句和对比从句）
24.1 if, unless
24.2 providedproviding(that), asso long as,
in case, on condition
that, supposing
24.3 though, although, whether, even though, even
if
24.4 no matter+wh-words
24.5 wh-
words+-ever
24.6 whereas, while
24.7
AdjAdv+asthough
25．Clauses of cause, result
and purpose（原因从句、结果从句和目的从
句）
25.1 because,
as, for, for, for this reason, etc.
25.2
hence, therefore, then, as a result of , etc.
25.3 for, for this purpose, with this in mind,
lest, in order than, etc.
26．Clauses of manner
and comparison（方式从句和比较从句）
26.1 as, as…as, not
so (as)…as, more than, less than, nonot more
than
26.2 as, juse as
26.3 as if, as
though
27．Clauses of proportion and other
types（表示比较关系的从句和其它
从句）
27.1 the…, the…
27.2 as…, so…
27.3 except that
28．Coordination（并列）
Coordinators:and,
both…and, not only…but(also), as well as,
either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, not…but,
for, etc.
s with introductory it(用引导词it的从句)
29.1 Anticipatory it as subject or object
29.2 it in emphatic sentence
e.g.
It iswas…thatwho
30．Pro-form（替代形式）
30.1
Pro-forms for noun phrases（名词短语的替代形式）
30.1.1 3rd person pronouns, and plurals of the 1st
and 2nd person
pronouns（第三人称代
词、第一和第二人称代词的复数）
30.1.2 indefinite
pronouns（不定代词）（+of+NPron）
30.1.3 one, ones,
that, those
30.1.4 the same, the former,
the latter
30.2 Pro-forms for
adverbials（状语的替代形式）
here, then, thus
30.3 Pro-forms for predicate（谓语的替代形式）
30.3.1 do, do so
30.3.2 so do, so will
30.4 SentenceClause reference（句子或从句的替代形式）
30.4.1 this, the following
30.4.2 so, not
e.g. A:Do you think he will come?
B:Yes, I think so.(or )No, I think not.
31．Discontinuous modification（割裂）
31.1
Siparation of relative clause from is
antecedent（定语从句与所修
饰的名词割裂）
31.2 Separation
of V-ing
2
V-ed
2
Prep-phrase from its
head noun.（现
在分词过去分词介
词短语与所修饰的名词割裂）
31.3 Separation of appositive (clause) from
its antecedent（同位语[从
句]与所同位的词的
割裂）
31.4 Separation of Prep-phrase from
adjective（介词短语与形容词割裂）
e.g. different
techniques from those…
32．Subject-verb
inversion（主语与谓语倒装）
32.1 Sentences beginning
with neither, nor, so, etc.
32.2 Sentences
beginning with negative adverb expressions
e.g. hardly, never, rarely, etc.
32.3
Sentences beginning with adverbs of position and
direction
e.g. here, there, down, away,
etc.
32.4 Sentences beginning with a fronted
predicative
e.g. More important
is the principle of…
32.5 Sentences beginning
with only+Adv, not only…(but)also…
33．Parenthesis（插入语）
e.g. actually,
generally speaking, to be exact, as a result, as
you see,
etc.
34．Omission（省略）
34.1
Omission through coordination（并列结构中的省略）
e.g. It’s cold in December in England, but (it’s
cold)in july in New
Zealand.
34.2
Omission in the following clauses（下列从句的省略）
Whether…or ont; whatever; as; than; the…, the…
35．Negation（否定）
35.1 Total negation（全部否定）
35.2 Partial negation（部份否定）
35.3 Double
negation（双重否定）
36．Emphasis（强调）
36.1 By
single words or phrases（用单个词或词组）
e.g.
only, even, just, ever, alone, must, still, too,
very, a good
(great) deal, (by) far, a
lot, etc.
36.2 By reflexive pronouns,
auxiliary verb do or emphatic it（用反身
代词、助动词do或强
调结构中的it）
36.3 By inversion or
repetition（用倒装或重复）
e.g. Hardly did I
think it possible
37．Word formation（构词法）
37.1 Affixation（词缀法）
37.2 Conversion（转化法）
37.3 Compounding（合词法）
38．The use of it
（it的用法）
39. Abbreviation（缩约法）
e.g. TV,
ad, smog, etc
40．Punctuation（标点）