英语初高衔接课---翻译---精讲(教师版)

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英语初高衔接课
翻译--- 句法翻译策略
(教师版)

教学目标:
考试中涉及的句法及翻译策略
授课重点:
句子分析及翻译技巧

【知识精要】
翻译中的技巧与策略
对于高中中学生来说,翻译是一种新题型,是对于英语学习更高要求的一种体 现。翻译是两种
语言之间的转换,但并不是简单的字面对应,而是两种语言之间的交流与碰撞。做到标准 翻译原则:
信、达、雅对于中学生来说难度太大,因此做到译文意思完整,语句通顺流畅即可,然而这对 于高
中生并非易事,要做到这些,必须掌握相应的翻译技巧与策略。下面是对本讲各个部分所作的一个< br>概括:
第一节:句子主干分析。在英语中,句子主干相当于骨骼,无骨骼不成血肉, 因此弄清句子主
干是翻译的重中之重。这一部分通过对近五年高考原题的分析讲解,让学生学会分析句子 ,理清句
子结构,形成良好的思维习惯。该部分选题包括简单句翻译及长难句翻译,并遵循由简单句逐渐 过
渡到长难句翻译这一循序渐进的过程,照顾到学生多层次的需求。
第二节:时态 语态。时态高中生最容易犯错地方,虽然初中就已经基本掌握了十六种时态,但
是真正能把它灵活运用到 翻译中的学生还是少之又少。因此,语态也是不容合适的考点。
第三节:四字词翻译。四字 词翻译是高考翻译中的重点和难点,有很多同学对此很畏惧,其实
四字词并不可怕,对于英汉能够对应起 来的固定短语,我们要翻译得精准无误,对于不对应的四字
词,只需将其翻译成一个简单的单词或一句话 即可。
第四节:固定用法及活用。


第一节 句子主干分析

1



【真题解析】




2009年:
1. 网球运动在上海越来越流行了。(popular)
主干:网球运动 流行
结构:主+系+表=Tennis+ is+ popular


练习:上海博物馆位于市中心。(locate)
主干:博物馆 位于 市中心
结构:主+谓+宾=museum + is located at + the centre of the city(黄浦一模)
答案Shanghai Museum is located at the centre of the city.

2. 只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。(keep)
主干:喝咖啡 使我 睡不着
结构:主+系+表
Drinking tea +keep+me +awake

练习:这首乐曲我非常熟悉。(familiar)
主干:我 熟悉 乐曲
结构:主+系+表
I am familiar with music.

2010年:

3. 这本杂志花了我20元。(cost)
主干:杂志 花了 20元
结构:主+谓+宾
Magazine cost me 20 yuan.

练习:哪怕一个细微的错误也会造成巨大的损失。(lead)
主干:错误 造成 损失
结构:主+谓+宾
Mistake lead to loss.(黄浦一模)

4. 雨天我总是比平时起床晚。(than)
主干:我 起床 晚
结构:主+谓+宾
I get up late.

练习:1.警方劝告开车的人暂时不要使用这条公路。(urge)
主干:警方 劝告 开车的人
结构:主+谓+宾
The police warned drivers


2







2011年
5. 自从出国留学后,她就不再和我们保持联系了(No longer)
主干:从句——她 出国 ;主句——她 联系 我们
结构: 主谓 ; 主谓宾
She went abroad; she keep in touch with us

练习:父母不经允许就看孩子的信件是不对的,因为他们应当尊重别人的隐私。(wrong)
主干:主句——父母 是 不对的; 从句——他们 尊重 隐私
结构:主句—— 主+系+表 ; 从句—— 主+谓+宾
It’s wrong of parents they show respect for privacy(杨浦一模)


第二节 时态语态分析

【真题解析】

2010年:
1.我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论,就尽早让公众知晓。(once)
填空:We all (agree) that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn, it (will ) (be made) known to
the public as soon as possible.

2012年:
2.她5年前开始拉小提琴。(play)
填空:She (began) to play violin five years ago.

3.由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。
填空:Owing to bad wether, the flight (was delayed)for a couple of hours.

4.她一看完那个关于灭绝物种的电视节目,就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)
填空:No sooner (had she) watched the TV programme on the extinct species than she (made up) her
mind to join the wildlife protection organization.

2013年:
5. 经过多年的建设,这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。( as... as )
填空:After years’ of construction, little town ( is ) now as lively as it ( was ) before the earthquake.



第三节 四字词翻译
【真题解析】
2009年:
1. 尽管山高林密,医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点,实施救援。(despite)
Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident
for the rescue.

3






练习:
教授昨天推荐的那篇文章值得一看。(recommend)
The article recommended by the professor yesterday is worth reading.


2010年:
2. 我们一致同意一旦得出结论,就尽早让公众知晓。(once)
We all agree that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn, it will be made known to the public as
soon as possible.

练习:这次旅行持续了两个多星期,这让我们感到疲惫不堪。 (which)
This trip lasted for over two weeks, which made all of us exhausted.

2012年:
3. 在展览会上,公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)
At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys that children
were looking forward to.

练习:毋庸置疑,近年来,由心理压力引起的问题已经影响到了越来越多的中学生。(affect)
There is no doubt that problems caused by resulted from psychological pressures have affected more and
more middle school students in recent years.

2013年:
4. 演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能祥的经典音乐开始。(familiar)
The performance began with a piece of classic music which was familiar to people in their fifties.

练习:
虽然交通被认为是这个地区最严重的问题之一,但是当地政府所采取的行动还 远不尽如人意。( it is accepted…,
far from)
Although it’s accepted that traffic is one of the most serious problems in this area, the action (that) the local
government is taking is far from (being) satisfactory.


浦东一模
5. 经理把职员要做的事都列出来,以便他们能各司其职。(list)
The manager made a list of everything all the thingsall that what the clerks should do are to do so that
each of them could perform his (own) duty could do his own work perform their duty.

练习:无论遇到多大困难,我们都会同舟共济,共同面对斗争,迎接挑战。(Whatever)
Whatever great difficulties we meet, we will help each other through the struggles and challenges.








4









第四节 固定搭配及活用

【真题解析】

2009年:
1. 为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士,一部电影即将开拍。(memory)
A film will be made in memory of those brave fire fighters.

练习:我真的很钦佩这位母亲独立培养儿子的方式。(admire)
I really admire the way the mother brings up her son on her own.


2010年:
2.乍一看,这块手表没有什么特别之处,但实际上它是一部手机。
At first sight, there is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone.

练习: 许多时候,赞扬比批评更有效。(effective)
In most casessituations, praise is more effective than blamecriticismreproach.


2011年:

3.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟,因为他们长得太像了。
I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar.

练习:
无论情况会是怎样,现代生活都会使 你们中的每个人有必要知道如何利用科学的方法去发现真理。(it作形式
宾语)
WhateverHowever thingsthat may be, modern life makes it necessary for each of you to know how to use
scientific methods to find the truth.

4.对父母而言,没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。
As for parents, nothing can be prepared with their children’s physical and mental health.

练习:中国已采取措施应对环境问题。(deal with)
China has taken measures to deal with the environmental problems.

2013年:
5. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。
We really enjoy ourselves on New Year’s Day this year.

练习:
大量关于甲型H1N1病毒预防和治疗的书籍已出版了。
(be said to…)
A large number of books on the prevention and treatment of the H1N1 virus are said to have been
published.
【课后练习】
5







一、分析句子主干

1.他写那篇文章花了三个星期。(take)
主干:
结构:
It took him 3 weeks to write thisthe article. Writing the this article took him 3 weeks.

2. 同学们用卖废纸挣来的钱装饰教室。(with)
主干:
结构:
The students decorated their classroom with the money they earnedgotmade by selling waste paper.

3. 不管碰到什么样的困难,我们都不要放弃自己的梦想。(Whatever)
主干:
结构:
Whatever difficulty we (may) encounter meet with, we should notnever give up our dreams.

4. 与会代表各抒己见,就环保问题展开了热烈的讨论。(express)
主干:
结构:
The delegates (present) at the conference (all) expressed their opinions (freely) and had a heated
discussion on environmental protection.

5. 如果上海继续以目前这样快的速度发展下去,很难想像再过十年她将是什么模样。(If)
主干:
结构:
If Shanghai keeps developingcontinues to develop at her present fast pace, it is hard to imagine what she
will belook like ten years from now in ten years.


二.用适当的时态语态填空。

1. 大雪把很多人困在室内。 (keep)
The heavy snow kept many people indoors.

2.地铁11号线的建成给嘉定区的居民带来很大的便利。(convenience)
The completion of No.11 subway line will bring has brought a lot of convenience to the residents in
Jiading District.

3.中国已采取措施应对环境问题。(deal with)
China has taken measures to deal with the environmental problems.

4.随着世博会的临近,许多旧房屋被拆除,取而代之的是现代化的建筑。(replace)
With the Expo approaching, many old houses have been pulled down and replaced bywith modern
6






buildings.

5.成的轻轨一旦开通,将给周围的居民带来极大的方便。(convenience)
Once the newly-built light rail is opened (to traffic), it will bring great convenience to the nearby residents.
The newly-built light rail, once opened, will bring great convenience to the nearby residents.


三.四字词翻译练习。

1.
我的建议是预订宾馆前要把地段和设施考虑在内,但他却置之不理。 (consideration)
My suggestion was that its location and facilities should be taken into consideration before a hotel was
reserved, but he turned a deaf ear to it.

2.养成良好的习惯对一个人的健康大有裨益。(benefit)
Formingdeveloping a good habit benefits people’s health greatly a lotvery much.

3.看来他们家可能出现了一些出人意料的事。(seem)
Something unexpected seemed to have happened in their family.

4. 直到做了老师以后,才意识到光从书本上学习理论知识是远远不够的。(not until)
Not until I become a teacher did I realize that it was far from enough to learn just theory from books.

5. 在国外是否要付小费,是否可以讨价还价要入乡随俗。(whether)
Whether you should tip or wether you should bargain abroad,you should do as Romans do.

四.固定搭配练习。

1.这些事实是每个学生都熟悉的。(familiar)
The facts are familiar to every student.

2 .他出色的教育背景使他有资格获得那份工作。 (qualify)
His excellent wonderful outstanding educational background qualifies him to get the job for the job.

3. 如果你不肯为了自己而戒烟,那你也得为你一家人的缘故而戒烟。(sake)
If you don’t (want to) stop smoking for your own sakefor yourself, do it for the sake of your family.

4. 虽然现在有许多值得一看的电视节目,但年轻学生不该花太多时间看电视。(worthwhile)
Although there are many worthwhile programs on television, young students should not spend too much
time watching TV.

5. 地铁运行是否正常对城市交通有很大的影响。(Whether…)
Whether the subway runsis running properly has a great impacteffect on the traffic of the city.
7

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