英语初高衔接课---完型填空(学生版)
岁末甫至-开学的感受
英语初高衔接课
完型填空（学生版）
授课教师
年级
课程标题
新高一
学生
授课时间
高中英语完型填空中的词汇
教学目标
1.让学生了解高中完型填对词汇考查的新要求。
2.培养学生利用上下文、文章框架线索进行推理推断的能力。
3.帮助学生养成对比分析、扎实掌握的词汇学习理念。
教学内容
1.高中英语完形填空词汇考点解析
2.完形填空实战演练
3.教学总结与启发
课后作业
1.
请想办法证明你在词汇学习方面的收获并在下次课分享。
2. 完成两篇完形填空并分析。
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1
一、高中英语完形填空词汇考点解析
1.初高中阶段完形考察能力要求对比
初中
1.理解语篇主旨大意
2.根据对语篇的理解进行简单的推理判读和
猜测
3.掌握简单的逻辑关系
4.掌握固定搭配，以不同搭配来区分选项
高中
1.理解文章的主旨大意和文章框架，明晰上下
文的结构功能
2.准确掌握作者的写作意图，把握住上下文的
语义联系。
3.熟练掌握逻辑关系，能够根据上下文逻辑关
系来确定词汇，或是根据语境判断逻辑关系
4.掌握近义词的差异和用法，掌握词语的搭
配，能准确辨识相同搭配的不同含义。
5.灵活掌握词汇，能够猜测出熟悉词语的生僻
含义。
2.高中英语完形填空题目类型案例讲解
（一）近义词的辨析
DNA is genetic material that appears in every
cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique
to you unless you have an identical twin.
Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood,
saliva
(唾液), or hair 1__ behind at the scene
of a crime. The results often help detectives
identify
criminals and their victims.
1.
A. kept
B. dropped C. stayed
D. left
At an interview, try to present a “
pleasant” version of yourself. You need to 2 the
employer
that you can do the job, but you
mustn’t appear over-confident.
2. A. confirm
B. prove C. convince
D. guarantee
confirm:证实，证明，确认;prove证明；convince,说服，使信服；guara
nteed担保，保证
(二)固定搭配及习惯用法
But genetics only account for about 30 percent
of aging. Most of the changes we associate
with age 1 factors such as diet and exercise
habits; lifestyle issues, including over
consumption of
alcohol and tobacco, and
psychological traits.
1. A. involve in B.
relate to C. combine with D. substitute for
relate to 1.相关，有关联 ；involve in
使....卷入associate with 联系;联想；联合，结交
combine with
(使)结合;(使)组合;(使)综合；substitute for代替
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2
选词填空
relate to involve in
associate with combine with
(1) Our
findings ________ ________ physically rather than
the visually handicapped pupils.
(2) I always
________ the smell of baking with my childhood.
(3) Don't ________ yourself ________
unnecessary dispute.
(4) Mother warned the
boys not to ________ ________ bad companions.
(5) If he can ________ his ability with hard
work, he should be very successful.
To
cut through confusing information, 2 this
basic rule: Keep it simple!The secret to
processing information is narrowing your field
of information.
2. A. catch B. apply
C. abandon D. offer
（三）上下文信息及句内语义线索
一般来讲，文章的段落是由主题句开始，所以段首句词汇的意思一般要通过下文来猜测。
同一个句子中也可能存在线索。
Conduct a ___1___ review.
Before you leave, make sure there is plenty of
room in your
e-mail inbox so you don’t exceed
your ___2__ limit while you’re out of the office,
which might
prevent you from sending messages
when you return.
1. A. historical
2. A.
memory
B. neutral
B.
storage
C. resistant
C. terminal
D. technical
D.
supply
把握文章行文思路也是语篇中考查要点，过渡段的段首句一般承上启
下，是对上一段的
总结，和对下一段的起始。
Contacts before are
helpful but not necessary because a person’s last
successes are thought
more important.
Communication is usually indirect, informal,
competitive and at times
argumentative.
3
in western Europe is different from that in the
United States. For the French, business is
a
very formal issue, and business will be negatively
influenced by any appearance of a casual
attitude.
3. A. Communication
（四）语义复现
上文出现过的词汇，在下文中以原词或原词的其他形式再次出现，也可能以同义词、
近义词重复出现。
B. Association C. Foundation D.
Negotiation
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3
We must face the fact that there are many
aspects of the information age. All information
makes us anxious. Over some of these, we
have little or no control. On the other hand,
there are
steps we can take to eliminate much
of __1__ .
1. A. anxiety B. trouble
C. interest
（五）逻辑关系
We
might say, then, that survival in the information
age is a challenging yet 1 task.
1. A.
donating B. accomplishing C. rewarding
D. searching
If we indulge (任凭)
ourselves talking about tiny things or even
harmful information,
valuable time and 2
can be wasted.
2. A. health
（六）熟词生义
It’s also important to make sure that you
really listen to what is being asked. In your
preparation you will have rehearsed（排练）
answers to a number of imaginary questions; but
you
must 1 your response to suit the
questions.
1. A. give B. shift C. find
D. tailor
B. wealth
C. power D. energy
D.
curiosity
二、完形填空实战演练
（1）
In
New York, we are very busy going from one place to
another. On the way, ___1___ you
meet a tiny,
cardboard-skinned robot who is ___2___ its way
down the streets, asking for help.
Would you
do it a(n) ___3___?
Tweenbots are ___4___
robots. Rolling at a constant speed, in a straight
line, Tweenbots have
a(n) ___5___displayed on
a flag, and rely on passers-by they ___6___ to
read this flag and to aim
them at the right
direction to ___7___ their goal.
Considering
the fact that they are easily harmed and the
possibility that ___ 8___ would be
interested
in helping a lost little robot, at the beginning I
___9___ that the Tweenbots were more
likely to
struggle and die in the city than to get to their
destination. I set out on the first test with a
video camera hidden in my purse and walked far
enough away so that I would not be observed.
The results were ___10___.
Over the
following months, assisted only by ___11___, the
Tweenbots were successful in
rolling from
their starting points to their faraway
destinations. Every time a robot got ___12___by
obstacles on the road, some passer-by would
always rescue it and send it towards its goal. The
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4
Tweenbots were ___13___ lost or damaged.
In this test the Tweenbots were ___14___
primarily by human’s sympathy for an
anthropomorphized (人格化的) object. The journey
they took becomes a story of people’s
___15___
to engage with a creature that mirrors the human’s
characteristics of being easily
harmed, of
being lost, and of having goals but not being able
to achieve them directly. It’s a story
about a
vast space made smaller by an even smaller robot.
1. A. suppose B. wonder C. wish D.
believe
2. A. asking B. falling C.
making D. showing
3. A. favour B.
business C. honour D. justice
4. A.
self-dependent B. robot-dependent
C.
human-dependent D. scientist-dependent
5.
A. name B. direction C. instruction D.
destination
6. A. act as B. come across
C. look for D. get in
7. A. understand
B. deliver C. reach D. change
8. A.
anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
9. A. explained B. proved C. confused
D. disbelieved
10. A. expected B. admitted
C. unexpected D. unadmitted
11. A. pioneers
B. strangers C. friends D. colleagues
12. A. attracted B. supported C. trapped
D. replaced
13. A. frequently B.
occasionally C. constantly D. never
14. A.
performed B. driven C. created D.
cultivated
15. A. braveness B. willingness
C. determination D. intention
(2)
I
was a rotten teenager, sharp-tongued and eager to
control others. At an early age I could
make
things go my way with just a few small changes.
The writers for today’s hottest soap opera
could not have created a 1 character than
me.
I don’t know how long it took me to
realize how I was 2 so many others. Not only
did I
succeed in 3 many of my closest
friends by trying to control them; I also managed
to destroy
the most 4 relationship in my
life: my relationship with my mother.
My
mother, who gave birth to me at age 5 her
doctor’s wishes, would cry to me, “I
waited so
long for you. Don’t ignore my help!” I would reply
6 , “I never wanted you to
care about me!
Leave me alone and forget I ever lived!”
My
mother began to believe I really 7 it. Like
many young girls in high school, the
boys who
I knew were 8 were always the first ones I had
to date. I would try to find any
way to draw
attention to myself while at the same time trying
to be 9 . I had also been
heavy into
drugs then to change my personality. And my only
pleasure was to make people feel
10 .
But then I asked myself why. Why the need to
hurt? Why the attacks on my mother? I would
drive myself mad with all the whys until one
day I couldn’t 11 it any longer and jump from
a car moving at 80 miles per hour.
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5
Lying awake the
following night at the hospital, I saw my mother’s
pained face, tired brown
eyes filled with
nothing but thanks for her daughter’s rebirth of
life.
12 all the horrible things I did to
her, she still loved me. I cried and asked why.
She
just looked down at me and said frankly,
“Because you are my daughter.”
13 love is
the most precious gift we can give. Being 14
for the past is the most
precious gift we can
receive. I want to 15 the gift my mother gave
me to all the “rotten
teenagers” in the world.
1. A. better
2. A. loving
3. A.
putting off
4. A. curious
5. A. against
6. A. gently
7. A. said
8. A.
available
9. A. attractive
10. A. fright
11. A. explain
12. A. Since
14. A.
loved
15. A. tell
【练习与归纳】
（基础篇）
People over 70 who aren't active are more
likely to develop problems walking or climbing
stairs within a few years, according to a new
study.
These findings suggest that it's very
important to stay 1 in old age, study author
Dr.
Marjolein Visser told Reuters Health.
2 taking your medications,” Visser noted.
already 3 from regular
walking.
Visser, a Dutch scholar, explained
that 4 active helps prevent people from
becoming
breathless during simple activities,
increase muscle mass and strength, and maintain
the balance
people need to walk upstairs, for
instance.
To investigate how important
exercise is to older adults. Visser's team
interviewed 3,075 men
and 5 between the
ages of 70 and 79, all of whom said they had no
problems walking one
quarter of a mile or
climbing 6 . The investigators followed the
subjects for 4-12years, noting
who developed
problems 7 and climbing stairs. During the
study, 34 percent of men and 47
8 of women
said they began to struggle with walking and
climbing stairs. People who were
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6
B. worse
B. hating
B. breaking
into
B. precious
B. for
B.
suddenly
B. knew
B. impatient
B.
invisible
B. confusion
B. control
B.
Although
B. forgiven
B. provide
C.
happier
C. hurting
C. keeping up
C.
nervous
C. according to
C. sharply
C. hoped
C. impossible
C.
imaginative
C. excitement
C. stand
C. As
C. Quick
C. hated
C. supply
D. clever
D. shocking
D. pushing away
D. obvious
D. with
D. unwillingly
D. meant
D. believable
D. noticeable
D. pain
D. accept
D. Despite
D.
Real
D. forgotten
D. extend
13. A.
Unconditional B. Slow
interactive were twice as likely to report
these problems as people who said they got regular
exercise.
People who didn't exercise but
had active lifestyles appeared to be at a somewhat
higher risk
of developing 9 walking and
climbing stairs, relative to people who exercised
10 .
Still, leading an active lifestyle
appeared to protect people 11 problems better
than being
generally inactive, the researchers
report in the Journal of the American Geriatrics
(老年医学).
Society Among people who were
inactive, those who walked even a little bit such
as brisk walking
for a little over an hour per
week -- were at a lower 12 of mobility
problems.
like to exercise or you cannot
exercise 64 of serious health problems or
functional
limitations, do try to be as active
as possible,
1. A. young
2. A. than
3.
A. suffer
4. A. looking
5. A. children
6. A. mountains
7. A. jumping
8. A.
percent
9. A. symptoms
10. A. rarely
11. A. from
12. A. risk
13. A. since
B. new
B. so
B. benefit
B.
appearing
B. people
B. stairs
B.
walking
B. numbers
B. issues
B. openly
B. into
B. part
B. owing
C. still
C. as
C. result
C seeming
C. women
C. trees
C. running
C. hundreds
C.
problems
C .exactly
C. on
C. way
C. because
D. active
D. to
D.
start
D. staying
D. youths
D. walls
D. jogging
D. dozens
D. chances
D.
regularly
D. of
D. share
D. clue
1.语义复现：（ ）题
2.固定搭配：（ ）题
3上下文语义推断：（ ）题
4.句内语义线索：（ ）题
5.逻辑关系词判断：（ ）题
6.词义比较题：（ ）题
7.熟词生义题：( )题
（提高篇）
I teach
economics at UNLV three times per week. Last
Monday, at the beginning of class, I
1
asked my students how their weekend had been. One
young man said that his weekend had not
been
so good. He had his wisdom teeth 2 . The young
man then proceeded to ask me why I
always
seemed to be so cheerful.
His question 3
me of something I’d read somewhere before: “Every
morning when you
get up, you have a choice
about how you want to 4 life that day,” I
said. “I choose to be
cheerful.”
“Let me
give you an example,” I continued, 5 all sixty
students in the class. “In
addition to
teaching here at UNLV, I also teach out at the
community college in Henderson, 17
miles down
the freeway from where I live. One day a few weeks
ago I drove those 17 miles to
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7
Henderson. I 6 the
freeway and turned onto College Drive. I only had
to drive another quarter
mile down the road to
the college. But just then my car died. I tried to
start it again, but the engine
wouldn’t 7 .
So I put my flashers on, grabbed my books, and 8
down the road to the
college.”
“As soon
as I got there I called AAA（汽车协会）and asked them to
9 for a tow truck to
meet me at my car after
class. The secretary in the office asked me what
has happened. ‘This is my
lucky day,’ I
replied, 10 .”
“‘But your car breaks
down’, she was 11 . ‘What do you mean?’”
“‘I live 17 miles from here.’ I replied. ‘My
car could have broken down anywhere along the
freeway. It didn’t. Instead, it broke down in
the 12 place: off the freeway, within walking
distance of here. I’m still able to teach my
class, and I’ve been able to apply for the tow
truck to
meet me after class. If my car was
13 to break down today, it couldn’t have been
arranged in
a more convenient fashion.’”
“The secretary’s eyes opened wide, and then
she smiled. I smiled back and headed for class.”
So ended my story.
I scanned the sixty
faces in my 14 class at UNLV. Despite the
early hour, no one
seemed to be asleep.
Somehow, my story had touched them. Or maybe it
wasn’t the story at all. In
fact, it had all
started with a student’s 15 that I was
cheerful.
1. A. seriously B. cheerfully C.
curiously D. coldly
2. A. destroyed B.
broken C. decayed D. removed
3. A.
reminded B. warned C. informed D.
mentioned
4. A. change B. insure C. start D.
sacrifice
5. A. addressing B. talking
C. attracting D. speaking
6. A. entered B.
followed C. exited D. took
7. A. make away
B. turn over C. turn back D. run away
8. A. moved B. marched C. struggled D.
turned
9. A. require B. apply C. demand D.
arrange
10. A. inquiring B. shouting
C. smiling D. disappointing
11. A.
expected B. shocked C. frightened D. puzzled.
12. A. perfect B. terrible C. empty D.
business
13. A. determined B. meant C.
arranged D. wished
14. A. economics B.
drive C. fashion D. community
15. A.
recognition B. judgment C. observation D. absence
1.语义复现：（ ）题
2.固定搭配：（ ）题
3上下文语义推断：（ ）题
4.句内语义线索：（ ）
5.逻辑关系词判断：（ ）题
6.词义比较题：（ ）题
7.熟词生义题：（ )题
(挑战篇)
Kodak’s
decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a
sad, though not unexpected,
turning point for
a leading American corporation that 1
consumer photography and
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8
dominated the film market
for decades, but finally failed to adapt to the
digital revolution.
Although many people owe
Kodak’s downfall to “complacency (自满)”, that 2
turns to
a blind eye to the long time which
the company spent in reinventing itself. Decades
ago, Kodak
foresaw that digital photography
would unavoidably 3 film — and in fact, Kodak
invented
the first digital camera in 1975 —
but in a 4 decision, the company chose to 5
its new
discovery and went on focusing on its
traditional film business.
It wasn’t that
Kodak was 6 to the future, but rather that it
failed to carry out a strategy
to face it,
said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard
Business School. By the time the
company
realized its 7 , it was too late.
Kodak is
an example of a firm that was very much aware that
they had to adapt, and spent a
lot of money
trying to do so, but 8 failed. Large companies
have a difficult time 9
into new markets
because they always attempt to put existing assets
(资产) into the new
businesses.
Although
Kodak predicted the 10 rise of digital
photography, its corporate（企业的）
culture was
too 11 the successes of the past. Therefore,
it is impossible for them to make the
clean
break, which is necessary to fully embrace the
future. They were a company stuck in time.
Their history was so important to them. Now
their history has become a burden.
Kodak’s
downfall over the last several decades was 12 .
In 1976, its products 13
90% of the market
for photographic film and 85% of the market for
cameras. But the 1980s
brought new 14 from
Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which defeated
Kodak by offering
lower prices for film and
photo supplies. Kodak’s 15 not to pursue the
role of official film
for the 1984 Los Angeles
Olympics was a major miscalculation. The golden
chance went to Fuji
instead, which exploited
its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the
marketplace.
1. A. prepared B.
preferred C. pioneered D. promised
2. A.
result B. explanation C. purpose D.
measure
3. A. charge B. overcome C.
replace D. resist
4. A. fruitful B.
fateful C. useful D. hopeful
5. A.
share B. show C. shift D. shelf
6.
A. sensitive B. blind C. accessible
D. resistant
7. A. mistake B. decision
C. fear D. concept
8. A. eventually B.
necessarily C. flexibly D. naturally
9. A.
switching B. looking C. falling D. plunging
10. A. critical B. reasonable C.
inevitable D. essential
11. A. related to
B. concerned about C. involved in D. trapped in
12. A. common B. average C. regular D.
dramatic
13. A. decided on B. contributed to
C. accounted for D. benefited from
14. A.
chance B. competition C. hope D. means
15. A. decision B. effort C. regret
D. access
1.语义复现：（ ）题
2.固定搭配：（
）题
3上下文语义推断：（ ）题
4.句内语义线索：（ ）
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9
5.逻辑关系词判断：（
）题
6.词义比较题：（ ）题
7.熟词生义题：( )题
8.常识题：（ ）题
三、教学总结与启发
1.请你自己总结一下，你错的是哪一类题目？
2.针对你错的题目你有什么策略来应对？
3.你应该采用什么样的有效词汇学习策略？你应该改正或强化词汇学习的哪些习惯？
Homework
1.请想办法证明你在词汇学习方面的收获并在下次课把你的成果和我们分享。
2.完成以下练习并进行分析。
（A）
Hunting wild birds is illegal in Shanghai
- and especially in Chongming County. So is
selling
birds as pets and 1 them in
restaurants as delicacies.
But enforcement
(执法) is difficult, and in many cases nonexistent,
due to lack of 2 and
staff. A lot of 3
work is left to volunteers. According to an
official of the Shanghai Wild Animal
Protection Association, who 4 to be
named, some small restaurants are 5 serving
bird
dishes, but the 6 is impossible to
stop at this time. 7 cooperation with the
city's 8 and industry department, the food
and drug 9 . the police and many other sectors
(部门) of the government, 10 . there is no
law enforcement power to 11 their
business
licenses.
The association lacks enough people
to 12 into the Chongming woods, as the
volunteers do, to 13 nets, which are used
to capture birds. The Chongming Woods
Protection Team has only six members and five
of them have to take care of the 14 - only
one is dedicated to bird protection, according
to Jiang Long, our team leader and a member of the
non-governmental Shanghai Green Oasis
Ecological Conservation and Communication Center.
15 .
1. A. killing B.
buying C. serving D.
burning
2. A. resources B. sources
C. guns D. tools
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10
3. A. routine
B. protection C. difficult D.
easy
4. A. allowed B. approved
C. agreed D. declined
5. A.
carefully B. illegally C.
loyally D. privately
6. A.
behavior B. law C.
practice D. case
7. A. seek
B. give C. find D.
connect
8. A. education B. fishing
C. animal D. commerce
9. A.
business B. association C.
administration D. Institute
10. A.
Meanwhile B. Therefore C.
Otherwise D. Besides
11. A. provide
B. suspend C. supply D.
refuse
12. A. intrude B. venture
C. flood D. invade
13. A. break
into B. look for C. turn over
D. cut down
14. A. birds B.
animals C. woods D. beach
15. A. gap B. hole
C. occupation D. place
（B）
I had a week’s holiday to use and
I wanted to spend it in the best hotel I could
find. That was
why I chose The Haven. Set in a
country park, I thought I would be able to escape
the problems
and pressures of 50 life.
But, just twenty-four hours after arriving there,
my wife and I
experienced problems with the
restaurant, the service and the 51 .
We
should have left and returned to our 52 when
we saw two policemen walking
outside the
hotel, 53 the building. One of them showed us
how our room could be 54
in through the
windows. It seems that the hotel has no 55 on
the windows. Although we
were a little
worried, our concerns were 56 when we believed
a good-sized bed, a
flat-screen TV, a spa bath
and more suggested a comfortable stay.
Things
started to go from bad to worse the following
morning when I found the restaurant
only
served 57 meals. I was disappointed and upset:
six days of rabbit food and no steak and
chips? What had I let myself in for? We should
have been told about the food before we 58 . I
ordered my breakfast against my will 59 ,
but I had to wait forty-five minutes for it to
arrive.
This was not the 60 I expected.
That afternoon, when we returned from a tour
around a village nearby, we found that nearly
￡200 had been stolen from our room. The Haven
61 to refund us the money. They claimed
that
they could not be responsible for any loss if our
62 was not locked.
My holiday was then a
total 63 I thought a “haven” was supposed to
be a quiet,
peaceful place. 64 , I have
experienced more stress and worry in that one day
than I usually
do working in the office for a
week.
1. A. real B. daily
C. whole D. holiday
2. A. price B. staff
C. luxury D. security
3. A. home B. hotel
C. room D. country
4. A. admiring B.
searching C. restoring D. inspecting
5. A.
viewed B. flown C. slipped D. crawled
[键入文字]
11
6. A.
locks
7. A. shown
8. A. low-fat
9. A. started
10. A. somehow
11. A. food
12. A. promised
13.
A. safe
14. A. risk
15. A. In fact
[键入文字]
B. glass
B. concealed
B. high-nutrient
B. ordered
B.
instead
B. service
B. refused
B. room
B. comedy
B. Despite that
C.
frame
C. forgotten
C. home-made
C.
planned
C. anyway
C. holiday
C.
pretended
C. door
C. failure
C. By
contrast
12
D. curtains
D.
overemphasized
D. ready-cooked
D. booked
D. otherwise
D. entertainment
D.
desired
D. window
D. conflict
D. At
last