高二英语知识点,语法及练习
广西大学研究生调剂-毕节学院
高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit1-2
【短语归类】
【考点1】含 difference 的短语
① make a no some,
etc. difference (to sb sth) (对某人／某事物有／没有／有些关系(影响)
② make a difference between 区别对待
③ make
some difference to 对„„有些(没有)关系
④ have a
difference in character 在性格上有差别
[例句] It makes
no difference t0 me which side may loseor win.
谁输准赢对我没有什么关系。
She makes a difference between
her family and herwork. 她对工作和家庭是有区别的。
【考例1】I'm
afraid to tell you that the medicine will____ no
difference to your illness。so stop
taking it.
A. take B. make
C. get D. do
[考查目标] 此题主要考查 difference 的动词搭配问题。
[答案与解析]B
make a difference 是固定搭配。此时不可用其他动词。
13. draw
(one's) attention to sth. 对„„表示注意„„
The
manager drew my attention to an error in myreport.
经理要我注意报告中的一个错误。
[拓展] pay attention
to 注意
call one's attention to sth. 叫某人注意某事
turn attention to sth．转移注意力到„„
【考点2】与
fire 有关的短语
① be on fire 在燃烧
② set fire to
sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧
③ catch fire 着火
④ make a fire 生火
⑤ light a fire 点火
⑥
put out a fire 灭火
⑦ play with fire 玩火；冒险
⑧
be on fire for 因„„而激动；充满激情
⑨ be full of fire
充满激情
⑩ under fire 受到攻击
[例句] The students
are on fire for what they're learning in the
computer class. 学生对电脑课的
学习内容充满激情。
The boy
is full of fire. 这孩子充满热情。
The grass caught
fire．and the grass was on fire for a
short
time. 草燃着了，草烧了一会儿。
He who plays with fire gets
burned. 玩火者必自焚(谚语)。
▲辨析: be on fire 表示状态。而
catch fire 则表示动作-其完成时不可和段时间状语连用。
【考例2】(2004
全国卷II) The forest guards often findcampfires that
have not been ____
completely.
A.
turned down B. put out
C. put away
D. turned over
[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词短语辨义。
[答案与解析]B turn down是“调低。拒绝”的意思；put
out是“熄灭，生产，伸出”的意
思；put away是“收拾”的意思；turn
over是“翻过来”的意思。
14. look up to 尊敬；钦佩
He
has always looked up to his father. In his eyes he
isperfect.
他一直尊敬他父亲。在他的眼中，他是完美的。
[拓展]
look down on upon sb. 轻视、瞧不起某人
【考点5】后有 to
的动词短语
① lead to 通向；导致
② look up to 尊敬
③ stick to 坚持
④ get used to 习惯于
⑤ look
forward to 渴望；盼望
⑥ get down to 认真做某事
⑦ see
to 注意；着手办理
⑧ pay attention to 注意
⑨
devote...to 致力于；投身于
⑩ belong to 属于
⑨
attend to 照顾；照料
⑩ object to 反对
⑩ be
opposed to 反对
⑩ refer to 提到；参阅
⑩
contribute to 对„„有贡献
⑩ come to 谈到；涉及
⑥
adjust to 适合于
[例句] The bridge leads to the
island. 这座桥通向那个岛。
So many spelling mistakes in
the article led to great difficulty in reading.
该篇文章拼写错误太
多，令人看起来非常费劲。
He's such a devoted
teacher that we all look up to him.
他是一个有奉献精神的老师，我们都尊敬他。
He has never felt
looked up to. 他从没有觉得有人尊敬他。
The day they had
been looking forward to came at last.
他们渴望的那一天终于到来。
The final examination is
coming up soon. It's time for us to get down to
our studies. 期末考试就
要来了。是我们认真学习的时候了。
This
machine is out of order; get a mechanic to see to
it. 这台机器坏了；找个技工来检修一下。
▲
友情提示：以上短语中的to是介词．后接名词或动名词。
【考例5】(2004湖北)Once a
decision has been made, allof us should ____ it.
A. direct to B. stick to
C.
lead to D. refer to
[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词短语辨析。
[答案与解析] B direct本身是及物动词。后不需to。refer
to的意思是“涉及，参阅．指的
是”。
【考点3】与turn有关的短语
①
turn out 生产；结果是
② turn down
关小(灯光、音量等)；拒绝
③
④
⑤
⑥
turn to
转向；求助于
turn up 开大(灯光、音量等)；出现，露面
turn on
off 打开／关上
turn aside 闪开；放在一边
⑦ turn over
(使)翻转；把某人交给(警方等)
⑧ turn in 上缴；移交
⑨ turn
against 背叛
⑩ turn away (from) 转过脸不看
⑩ turn
round 转过去
[例句]She turned out six full-length
novels in her life.她一生写了6部长篇小说。
The beggar
turned out (to be) a thief. 那个乞丐原来是个贼。
That
radio is pretty loud. Can you turn it down a
little?
收音机声音太大，你能开小一点吗?
Many boys
expressed their love to Mary, but she
turned
them all down. 许多男孩向玛丽表达爱慕之意，但都被她拒绝了。
After he
left the university he became a teacher, but later
he turned to translation.
他大学毕业后
当了教师，但后来转而从事翻译工作。
We often turn to
this handbook for information. 我们经常查阅这本手册寻找资料。
He promised to come, but hasn't turned up yet.
他答应来，但尚未到。
When he felt tired, he turned aside
(from) his books to listen to the radio.
感到疲劳时，他就把书
放在一边去听收音机。
▲
友情提示：要准确记住不同的搭配，尤其是一个短语有多个意思的。
【考例3】(2004浙江)
We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't
quite ____ as planned.
A. make out B.
turn out
C. go on D. come up
[考查目标]
此题主要考查动词短语的辨义。
[答案与解析]B make
out有“弄清楚。明白”的惠思；turn out 的意思是“结果是．证明是”；
go on
的意思是“继续”!come up
的意思是“过来，走来”。题意是：我们原来想在天黑前
到家，但结果并不像预计的那样。
【考点4】what 短语
① what if 如果„„将会怎样?
②
what for 为了什么，干什么用
③ what about... „„怎么样?
[例句] What if she finds out you've lost her
book? 如果她发现你弄丢了她的书将会是怎样呢?
What did you do that
for? 你干吗做那件事?
What about having a rest?
休息一会儿怎么样?
【考例4】(2004全国卷I)
-- Susan, will
you please go and empty that drawer?
-- ____?
A. What for B. What is it
C.
How is it D. How come
[考查目标] 此题主要考查交际用语。
[答案与解析] A
根据语境。答语中问的是目的。该句其实是个省略句，补全后的完整句子
是：I go
and empty that drawer for what。what提前构成疑问句就成了what
for 或 for what。
☆词语比较☆
1. observe, watch
当“观察”来讲时，observe相当于watch carefully，尤其用于实验或研究
等场合。具体来
说，observe含有“察觉到”的意思，watch意为“盯着看”。
watch 还含有“观看(比赛、电视)”等，而observe没有此意。另外，watch还有“照料”<
br>之意，相当于take care of。还有“当心”之意，相当于be careful with。
She has observed the stars all her life.
她一生都在观察星星。
I'll watch the baby while
you are away.
你不在时，由我照料你女儿。
You'd
better watch Mr Smith, I think he is a thief.
你最好当心史密斯先生，我想他是个贼。
2. be known for, be known
as, be known to
be known for 以„„出了名
(通常不是指同位的关系)
be known as 作为„„出了名
(通常加上职业名词，表同位关系)
be known to 为„„所知
Japan is known for its cars.
日本以它的汽车而闻名。
Luxun is known as a writer.
鲁迅作为作家很出名。
As is known to all, China has four famous
invitations.
众所周知，中国有四大著名的发明。
3. elect,
select, choose
elect 只能用于选举人，是投票选举的正式用语。
They elected Nixon President. 他们选尼克松为总统。
choose 可用于挑选人或物。
It's hard for me to
choose one from s0 many pairs of shoes.
要从这么多双鞋子当中挑选一双对我来说真是太难了。
select 意为精心挑选，多用于物。
She selected a pair of socks to match her
suit.
他精心挑选了一双袜子来与衣服搭配。
4. burn down,
burn up, burn out
bum down
指“烧为平地，烧毁”；也指“火力减弱”。
The house was burnt
down in an hour.
房子一小时被烧为平地。
bum up
有“烧旺”之意，也可指“消耗掉”。
You'd better put more wood
on the fire to make it burn up.
你最好往火上添着柴，让它烧旺。
bum out 指“火熄灭”。
The
fire had burnt out before I returned.
在我回来前，火已经熄灭了。
☆精典题例☆
( )1. The news
reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the
film stars had left. (2004 福建)
A.
to tell B. be told
C. telling D.
told
【解析】选B 该题考查不定式做结果状语的用法。不定式前有only，jus
t等词，后跟
不定式通常表结果。又因为记者们应该是被告知，所以用不定式的被动式。
(
)2. Having been in bed for nearly a month, they
had a hard time ____ the exam. (2004福建)
A. pass B. to pass
C. passed
D. passing
【解析】选D 该题考查句型 have a hard
time (in)doing。
( )3. He hasn't slept at all
for three days. ____ he is tired out. (2005 湖北)
A. There is no point B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder D. It is no way
【解析】选C 依题意“他三天没睡，难怪他累极了。”There is no point in
doing sth. 是
本单元的句型，意为：做某事没有作用或意义；而There is no
need in doing sth. 没有必要做
某事；It is no wonder
没什么大惊小怪；It is no way没可能。
( )4. The disc
digitally ____ in the studio sounded fantastic at
the party that night. (2004上海)
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded D.
having recorded
【解析】选A 通过分析句子，该题句子的谓语显然是s
ounded，因此recorded只能是
非谓语，所以选A，考查过去分词在句中做定语的用法，r
ecorded 相当于 which was recorded。
( )5. ____ I
know the money is safe, I shall not worry about
it. (2003北京)
A. Even though B. Unless
C. As long as D. While
【解析】选C
句意为“只要我知道钱是安全的，我就不会担心。”even
though“即使”；
unless“除非”；while“当„„时候”，它们都同句意不吻合。
( ) 6. We were swimming in the lake ____
suddenly the stoma started. (2004北京春季)
A.
when B. while
C. until D. before
【解析】选A 该题考查连词的用法。该句的意思是：当我们正在湖里游泳的时候，突
然暴风雨开始了。when表示“这时(突然)”的意思，这种用法when一般放句末。
(
)7. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the
start of the year, ____ a record US$$57.65 a
barrel on April 4. (2005山东)
A. have
reached B. reaching
C. to reach D.
to be reaching
【解析】选B
分词在句中做结果状语，可参见本单元的句型6。
( )8. ____ the pot for
me, and don't let the milk come out. I'll be back
soon.
A. Observe B. Notice
C.
Watch D. Look out
【解析】选C watch 表示集中精力
“照料，监视”，本句意为“帮我看着壶，别让
牛奶溢出来。”；observe意为“观察”，表示动
作；Notice指“注意到”表示结果；look out
后面不能接宾语。
高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit3-4
【短语归类】
【考点3】含 as 的动词短语
① experience...as =
consider...as = look upon on„as
=
treat...as 把„„认为是
② act as 担任；起„„的作用
③
serve as 当，充当
④ work as 当，充当
⑤
use...as把„„用作„„
[例句] The theory is experienced
as very advanced. 这个理论被认为是非常高深的．
He acted as
chairman in my absence. 我不在时他担任主席。
He serves
as a waiter in a restaurant. 他在一家餐馆里当服务员。
【考例
3】Classroom testing, if well down, most certainly
____ as a stimulus (刺激) to study and
real
learning.
A. uses B. looks
C.
acts D. does
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语动词的辨义问题。
[答案与解析]C 弄清题意。准确地判断空白处的意义。题意是：课堂测试，如果做得好的
话，一定会对学习和真正的学习有刺激作用。也就是说，课堂测试可以充当刺激。A项应该
使用被动态，
B、D两项则不能和 as 构成搭配。
2. call up 打电话，唤醒，使人想起
The sound of seagulls called up his happy memories
of his childhood.
海鸥的叫声唤起他对童年的幸福的记忆。
Please call me up at five.
请五点叫醒我
(或：五点打电话给我)
已学与 call 常见的搭配还有：
call off
(取消，挂断电话)
call at on (拜访某地／某人)
call
for (要求，来找某人)
call in (召集，召来)
【考点4】含
come into 的动词短语
① come into being 形成；产生
②
come into effect force 开始实施；生效
③ come into
use service 开始使用
④ come into power 开始执政；上台
⑤ come into view sight 进入视线
⑥ come into
fashion 开始流行
[例句] Romanticism didn't come into
being until in the late 18 century in Europe.
浪漫主义运动
直到18世纪未期才产生于欧洲。
The new seat-belt
regulations came into effect last week.
使用安全带的新规定于上周生效。
【考例4】 The church gate came
into ____ as we rounded the next corner.
A. being B. service
C. effect D.
view
[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词搭配问题。
[答案与解析]D
题意：我们又拐了一个弯时，教堂的大门映入了我们的眼帘。
4. go against
违反，违背(意愿、原则等)；对„„不利
(无被动形式)
I'm not to go against my own family.
我不会背离我自己的家人的。
He was afraid that the hattie
would go against them.
他害怕那场战斗会对他们不利。
6.
keep out (of) 挡住，不让进
He closed the window t0
keep the wind out (of the house).
他关上窗户不让风进来(进房子)。
The sign says
牌子上写着：“请勿入内!”
类似用法：keep off 别碰，避开
You'd better keep off the sweet food.
你最好少吃甜食。
Keep offthe grass!
请勿践踏草地!
【考点 1】含look的短语
① look at 看待；考虑；检查
②
look around about 环顾
③ look up 查阅；仰视
④
look into 调查
⑤ look on 旁观
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨
look back on 回顾，回想
look down upon
on 看不起；鄙视
look over 翻阅；复习；检查
look to 照顾；注意
⑩ look up to 尊敬
⑩ 1ook forward to 盼望；预计会有
⑥ look out for 提防；当心
⑩ look on
upon...as... 把„„看作„„
⑩ look like 看上去像
⑥
look for 寻找
⑩ look sb. up and down 上下打量某人
⑥ look after 照看；照料
⑩ look ahead 向前看
⑩
look out 小心：看外面
④ look through 浏览；检查
[例句]
That's the way I look at it．那就是我看待这事的方式。
When
all the facts have been looked up, pass them on to
me. 所有事实查出后，转交给我。
The police are looking into
the records of all those involved in the crime.
警方正在调查所有涉
嫌这起犯罪的记录。
Looking back on it, one
realizes that it was far from being a satisfactory
conference. 回顾过去，
人们会意识到那不是一次成功的会议。
【考例1】In
order to get a better solution. I think we'd
better ____ the question from all sides.
A. look out B. look up
C. look
for D. look at
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语动词的搭配问题。
[答案与解析]D不同的介词或副词搭配，有不同的意义。look out
查处，找出；当心，注意。
look for 寻找。
7. send for
派人请，叫人拿
We sent for the document this
morning.
我们今天上午派人去取这份文件。
-- Will
somebody go and get Dr. White?
有人去请怀特医生了吗?
-- He's already been sent for.
已经派人去了。
与 send 的常见搭配有：
send off (发出) send up
(发射) send out (发出)等。
8. set aside 把„„放在一边；留出
He set aside his book and lit a cigarette.
他把书放在一边，点燃一支香烟。
Each month she tried
to set aside part of her salary.
每月他都设法留出工资的一部分。
aside 其他常见用法还有：
stand
aside (靠边站)
move aside (移到旁边)
put sth.
aside for sb. (把某物留给某人)
【考点2】含 up 的动词短语
①
call up 召唤；调动；使人想起；打电话给
② light up 照亮；变得高兴起来
③ fill up 填写；盛满
④ take up 占用；拿起；从事
⑤
pick up 拾起；接送；听到；学会
[例句] Your letter calls up
the days when we worked together in the
countryside 20 years ago.
你
的信使人想起20年前我们在一起工作的日子。
Sue's face lighted
up when she heard the good news.
听到这个好消息时，苏流露出愉快的面容。
The room soon filled up
with people. 房间里不久就挤满了人。
She's taken up
flower-decoration at evening classes. 她在夜校学习插花。
【考例2】It has been raining harder and harder for
quite a few days. The village seemed to be in
danger of being flooded．Mr Smith decided to
____ all the youngmen in the village to strengthen
the river bank.
A. call in B. call
up
C. call at D. call for
[考查目标]
此题主要考查动词辨义问题。
[答案与解析]B call in 召进，请进。call at
(a place)访问(某地)。call or需要，去接。
【考点5】副词短语
①
far from 完全不．远不
② next to 儿乎；仅次于
③ in a
hurry 匆忙；很快地
[例句] The problem is far
from (being) easy. 这个问题完全不容易。
Papering the
ceiling proved next to impossible without aladder.
用纸糊天花板没有梯子儿乎是
不可能的。She dressed herself in a
hurry. 她匆匆地穿上衣服。
▲友情提示：far from 后可接名词、形容词，或
being +形容词／名词。next to后常接一些
否定词。
【考例5】I'm
terribly sorry to tell you that your work is far
from ____.
A. satisfying B. a
satisfaction
C. being satisfactory D. to
satisfy
[考查目标] 此题主要考查 far from 的用法。
[答案与解析]C satisfaction 是不可教名词，前不可使用a。from后不可接不
定式。satisfying
虽然意思与satisfactory
相同，但常使用satisfactory，其中being经
常省略。
☆精典题例☆
( )1. Modern plastics can ____ very
high and very
low temperatures．(2005山东)
A. stand B. hold
C. carry D.
support
【解析】选A 句意为“承受高温或低温”，故选stand。
( )2. When ____, the museum will be open to
the
public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed D. to be
completed
【解析】选A
该题从句使用了省略形式，省略了与主句主语一致的主语 the museum
和系动词 is。在
时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，若从句主语与主句主语一致，同时从句
谓语动词又含有系动词be，常
可省略从句主语与系动词be．．
( )3. This is an illness
that can result in total blindness
if
____.
A. leaving untreated B. left
untreated
C. leaving to untreat D. left
untreating
【解析】选B if后的逻辑关系是：这种病被忽视未被治疗，表示被
动关系，通过两个分
词left和untreated表示。完整句子为：if it is left
untreated，分词作非谓语动词可带连词。
( )4. The manager
decided to give the job to ____ he
believe
had a strong sense of duty.
A. whoever
B. whomever
C. who D. no matter who
【解析】选A whoever引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。但同时又做主句的主语
，
不能用whomever；而no matter who 引导让步状语从句，所以也不能用。
( )5. ____ nice，the fish was sold out soon.
A. Tasted B. Tasting
C. To
taste D. Being taste
【解析】选B
系动词，作不及物动词用，无被动语态。所以不能用过去分词．而用现
在分词，tasting
nice做原因状语。
( )6. In the dark forests ____,
some large enough to
hold several English
towns. (2005 辽宁)
A. stand many
lakes B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie
D. many laks stand
【解析】选B 该句倒装，主语是lakes，
不及物动词stand，lie均可用来表达“位于”，
但stand意为“站立，屹立”，用于立体物
体；lie为“躺，卧”，相对于平面而言。
( )7. The scientists
my the plant's ____ in this area
was a
terrible sign of the worse environment.
A.
introduetion B. absence
C. presence
D. appearance
【解析】选B
全句意为“这个地区这种植物的消失是环境恶化的一种迹象”。
( )8. -- Will
$$200 ____?
-- I'm afraid not. We need at
least 50 more dollars.
A. count B.
satisfy
C. fit D. do
【解析】选D 问句
意为“200美元可行吗?”do可作不及物动词，作“行，可以”解，
表示对莱一事实的认可。fit
意为“吻合”，不是抽象意义的“合适”。
( )9. The key doesn't
____ the lock.
A. fit B. fit for
C. fit to D. fit with
【解析】选A
此处应作及物动词用，意为“这把钥匙不是配这把锁的”，不及物用法
应为fit in
with，形容词用法应是be fit for 或 be fit to do...。
(
)10. You don't look well recently. Try to ____
strong wine.
A. keep off B. keep out
C. keep out of D. keep up
【解析】选A keep off意为“别碰，远离”，句意是“身体不好，不要喝烈酒”；keep
up意为“坚持，保持”；keep out(of)意为“不让„„进来”。
高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit5-6
【短语归类】
【考点5】clear up 和clean up
① clear up
整理；消除；澄清；放晴
② clean up 彻底打扫；清理干净
[例句]
Would you clean up this room before our visitors
arrive?客人到来之前，你打扫房间好
吗?
She would like to
have a talk with her classmate to clear up their
misunderstanding. 他想和同学
交谈以解除他们之间的误会。
There
are some points I'd like to clear up. 有几点我要澄清一下。
【考例5】On his mother's arrival，the crying boy's
face____.
A. cleared up B. clearled up
C. was lit up D. reflected up
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语辨义问题。
[答案与解析]A light
up此处不用被动态。D不合题意。
【考点l】与 consist 有关的短语
①
consist of 由„„组成 (= be made up of)
② consist
in 在于
[例句] The club consists of more
than 200 members. 俱乐部南200多个成员组成。
The beauty oF
the village consists in its clean air and peaceful
environment. 这个村庄的美丽之
处在于它清洁的空气和幽静的环境。
▲
友情提示：consist of 不用于被动语态。
【考例1】The opening
province which ____ thirteen counties and three
coastal cities will quicken
its paces of
economic development.
A. consists of B.
makes up
C. is included D. is contained
[考查目标] 此题主要考查相似意义的短语或动词的用法辨义问题。
[答案与解析]A
B应该使用被动结构．即：is made up
of。C不应该使用被动语态。而D本
身是错误的，在本题中不可使用。
10. deal
with 处理，对付
How can I deal with the problem?
我应该如何处理这个问题?
(相当于：What can I do with
the problem?)
Deal with aman as he deals
with you.
以其人之道还治其人之身。
deal with
也可译作“与„„有生意来往”。
We have dealt with the finn
for many years.
我们和这家公司有多年生意来往。
【考点4】in
store
have keep hold...in store 储藏着；准备着；将发生的
[例句] Nobody knows what the future may hold in
store. 没有人知道将来会是怎样。
There was a big surprise
in store. 有一个大惊奇在等着呢。
【考例4】There was another
accident ____ for him that day.
A. in the
way B. in store
C. in effect D. in
case
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语辨义。
[答案与解析]B in the
way 挡路。in effect 事实上。in case 万一，以防。
【考点2】与
point 有关的短语
① at the point 在某处；一度
② to the
point 切中要点
③ off the point 离题
④ be on the
point of doing sth when... 正要做某事„„
突然
⑤
There's no point (in) doing sth 做某事没有意义
⑥
point at to 指向
⑦ point out 指出
[例句] At one
point at the meeting the manager nearly lost his
temper. 会上经理一度几乎大发
脾气。
His remarks on the
matter were much to the point. 他就这事的评论非常切中要点。
The boy was on the point of going to bed when
the telephone rang. 这孩子正要上床睡觉这时电
话响了。
There's very little point in arguing further.
再争论下去意义不大。
【考例2】The peaks flue so close
to each other that the distance between them ____
is 5 meters.
A. to the point B. at one
point
C. at the point D. On the point
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语的辨义问题。
[答案与解析]B
两座山峰如此紧靠着以至于最贴近的一处距离仅为五米。
【考点3】“动词 + 名词 +
介词”短语
① make the most of = make the best of =
make full use
of 充分利用
② pay attention to
注意
③ take care of 照看；照顾
④ take notice of
注意
⑤ make notes of 纪录
[例句]The most must be
made of these natural resources to develop the
economy of the country.
要充分利用自然资源来发展国家的经济。
Our attention should be paid to water
pollution. 我们应该注意水的污染问题。
▲ 友情提示：这类三词词组的被动态形式有两
种：一是把介词后的宾语作为被动态的主语；
二是把中间的名词作为被动态的主语。
【考例
3】Has the boy who was made use of ____ realized
his mistakes?
A. stealing
B. to steal
C. for stealing D. stolen
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语后的非谓语动词形式。
[答案与解析]B
“利用„„去做某事”。要用不定式作目的状语，即：makeuse of...to do
sth。
句中的of有宾语，就是前面的the
boy。题意是：那个被人利用去偷盗的男孩意识到自己的
错误了吗?
☆词语比较☆
1. pleasant, pleasing, pleased
(1)
pleasant 可作定语和表语。修饰事物，不能修饰人。因此句子的主语只能是表示事物
的词语，
而不能是人。意思是“令人愉快的，令人高兴的”。
I hope you'll have a
pleasant holiday.
我希望你能过一个愉快的假期。
(2)
pleasing “令人高兴的，令人愉快的”，表示宁静、满意、令人满足之意。侧重于表
示接受对
象的情感，传递主观感受。比 pleasant 稍弱。主语可为人或事物。
An actor
should have a pleasing personality.
表演者应当具有一种令人愉快的个性。
(3) pleased “高兴的，感到满意的”含义与
glad基本相同。作表语时，句子的主语只能
是“人”，而不能是表示事物的词语。be
pleased with 表示“对„„表示满 意”之意。
She had a
pleased look 0n his face.
她脸上露出了满意的表情。
2. be made up of, be made of, be made from, be
made into
(1) be made up of 由„„组成。
The United States is made up of fifty states.
美国由五十个州组成。
(2) be made of 由„„制成 (成品看得出原料)。
The table ismade of wood.
这张桌子由木材制成。
(3) be made from
由„„制成(成品看不出原料)。
This kind of paper is made
from wood.
这种纸张由木材制成。
(4) be made
into 由(原料)„„制成(成品)。
The bamboo can be made
into many useful things.
竹子可以制成很多有用的东西。
3. lay, lie
(1) lay 常用作及物动词，意为“放置，铺设；产(卵
)；布置；下蛋”等，是不规则动词。
其变化为：laid, laid,
laying。
She laid
the paper on my desk.
她把文件放在我桌子上。
The
workers are laying down a cable.
工人们在铺设电线。
(2) lie 作不及物动词。其基本含义是：躺；卧；位于，是不规则动词。其变化为：lay,
lain,
lying。
The hospital lay where a
school is located.
这个医院过去就在现在学校所在的地方。
(3) lie作不及物动词。它的另一个含义是：说谎，是规则动词。其变化为：lied, lied,
lying。
“他在说谎。”那个女孩躺在干草上，气愤地说。
4.
in time, on time
(1) in time
除了译作“及时”，还可译作“最终”或“总有一天”。
Her helping me in
time saved me plenty of time.
她的及时帮助使我省了很多时间。
(2) on time，意为“准时”
Everyone is requiredtobe present atthe party on
time.
要求每个人准时参加聚会。
time 组成的词组已学过的还有:
at a time (一次), in no time (立刻), at that (the)
time(那时),
at times (有时), at any time (在任何时候)等。
☆精典题例☆
( )1. ____ two exams to worry
about, I have to
work really hard this
weekend. (2004北京)
A. With B. Besides
C. As for D. Because of
【解析】选A
语境表明动作尚未发生，所以用with+名词+不定式。Besides和Because
of不能用to worry about。
( )2. If you keep
on, you'll succeed ____.
A. in time B.
at one time
C. at the same time D. on
time
【解析】选A 句意“只要你坚持，最终一定会诚功的。” on
time意为“准时”，at one
time意为“曾经”或(过去)有一段时间”。
(
)3. Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A. touch B. relation
C.
connection D. friendship
【解析】选A keep in
touch (with)是一种固定搭配。
( )4. ____ in the
regulations that you should not tell other people
the password 0f your e-mail
account.
(2005上海)
A. What is required B. What
required
C. It is required D. It
requires
【解析】选C 用 require 被动式，It为形式主语。
( )5. ____ from other continents for
millions of years, Australia has many plants and
animals
not found in any other country in the
world. (2005湖北)
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Haring been
separated
D. To be separated
【解析】选C
separate是及物动词，句意为“已经分开几百万年”，因此用分词完成
时的被动语态。
( )6. Hospital staff burst into cheers
after doctors
completed a 20-hour
operation to have ____
one-year-old twins
at the head. (2004上海)
A. isolated B.
separated
C. divided D. removed
【解析】选B separate用于“把两者分开”，isolate意
为“隔离”。
(
)7. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ____ going
back to school, but she hasn't decided
yet. (2004
北京)
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
【解析】选B
句意“一直在考虑重返工作岗位”，显
然说话时还在考虑，所以用现在完成进行时。
(
)8. The manager has fallen asleep where he ____,
without undressing. (2005安徽)
A.
was laying B. was lying
C. had laid
D. had lied
【解析】选B 语境是“经理躺着睡着了”。
高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit7-8
【短语归类】
【考点l】与as有关的短语
① as with sb sth doing
如同„„一样
② as for 至于；就„„而言
③ as to 关于
④
as far as 就„„而论；据„„
⑤ as good as
几乎已经，实际已经
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨
as follows
如下
as a whole 总的来说
as a rule 一般说来，通常
as a the result of 由于
⑩ as usual 像往常一样
[例句] As with swimming, riding a bicycle does
good to
our health. 像游泳一样，骑自行车对我们的健康有好
处。
I enjoy going to the movies．But as for the
theater, I
prefer staying at home.
我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我
宁可呆在家里。
I want your advice
as to what I ought to do with Mr.
Ernest．关于怎样和俄尼斯特先生打交道，我需要你的
高见。
【考例1】I
enjoy going t0 the movies ____ the thea—
tres.
A. as for B. as with
C. as to
D. as from
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语的辨义问题。
[答案与解析]B
as from 从„„时起。题意是：我喜
欢看电影像喜欢看戏剧一样。
【考点2】与
chance 有关的短语
① take every chance 利用机会；碰运气
(=take a
chance, take chances)
② by
chance = by accident 偶然地；无意中
③ by any chance
万一
[例句]Don't take chances by driving too fast.
不要开快
车来冒险。
I'll take my chance of being
captured by the enemy. 我
要冒着被敌人抓到的危险碰碰运气。
【考例2】That's a chance I'll have to ____.
A. make B. take
C. try D. play
[考查目标] 此题主要考查固定短语的搭配问题。
[答案与解析]B 在take a
chance 短语中，不可用其他
动词。
13. in case of (in
case) 以防，假使
In case of her being out, you
may leave a massage.
假如她不在家你可留张便条。
What shall we do in case he is absent at the
meeting?
万一他不来开会我们怎么办?
Take your
raincoat, just in case.
带上雨衣以防下雨。
[注意](1) in case of接名词或相当于名词的成分；in
case引导句子或单独使用，上面句子中just in case
相当于just in case of rain。类似用法还有in this
that
case (要是这样 那样的话)，如：
In that case，we will
not go with you.
要是情况是那样的话，我们就不和你一起去了。
(2) in 与 ease 搭配也常表示“在„„情况下”主要有
以下词组：
in any case( 在任何情况下)
in all cases (在所有情况下)
in a particular case (在特殊情况下)
in some
case (在某种情况下)
in no case( 在任何情况下都不，决不)
如：In no case, can I lend money to him.
在任何情况下我都不会借钱给他。
12. in honor of (in sb's
honor) 为了„„纪念／庆祝，对
„„表示敬意／欢迎
A banquet
was given in honor of the visiting president.
举行宴会欢迎来访的总统。
A
birthday party is being planned in our teacher's
honor.
正在为我们的老师筹划一个生日聚会。
试比较：for the
honor of... (为了„„荣誉)
He will try his best
for the honor of his school.
他会为学校的荣誉而努力。
类似用法 in memory of (为了„„纪念)，如：
The
statue was built in memory of Mr. LuXun.
这个雕塑是为纪念鲁迅先生而建的。
14. make sure: to establish
something without doubt;
make certain
弄清楚；确保
Make sure he writes it down.
让他一定记下来。
sure adj. (常与of，that连用) 确信的；肯定的
Please make sure that the house is locked
before you
leave.
请你确信是锁上房间后才离开的。
I'm not sure about the practicality of their
plan.
我还无法确定他们的那个计划的可行性如何。
(与to连用)
一定的；必定的
We are sure to benefit from the new
timetable.
我们肯定会得益于新的作息时间表。
There's
sure to be a fuss when the owner of the house
finds the window's broken.
房子的主人发现窗子被人打破时准会大吵大闹的。
sure adv.
一定地；必定地；无疑地
It sure was cold.
的确是冷。
The teacher makes sure, too, that the child
gets
enough rest and play, along with his
education.
教师还要保证每个孩子在接受教育的同时有充分
的时间休息和游戏。
He said he would come with his
wife, and sure enough
he did.
他说他会带着妻子一起来的，果然他们来了。
【考点4】make things matters
worse 使事情更糟
① to make matters worse = what's
worse = worse still
更糟的是
② what's more =
besides 此外；而且
[例句] I realized that anything I
could say would only
make matters worse.
我意识到只要我说话就会添乱子。
It got dark, and to make
things worse it began to rain.
天黑了，更糟的是又开始下起雨来。
▲ 辨析：make things
worse是动词短语，而to make
matters worse是副词短语。
【考例4】He seemed to have no desire to go there;
____, his clothes were not good enough.
A. what's worse B. what's more
C. thus
D. therefore
[考查目标] 此题主要考查副词在句意中的理解问题。
[答案与解析]B 题意是：他似乎不想去那里，此外，他
的衣服也不够好。
【考点3】与 mind 有关的短语
① keep bear carry„in
mind记住
② have...in mind心中在想
③ have a mind
to do sth 打算做某事
④ keep one's mind on upon
聚精会神
⑤ make up one's mind(s) 下决心
⑥ Out of
sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦(谚语)。
[例句] At this
point I can't undertake to accept your
suggestion，but l will keep it in mind. 在这一点上，我
不能保证接受你的建议，但我会把它记在心里。
Judging his
achievement, we must bear in mind that hc
has
had no previous experience of this kind of work. 判
断他的成绩时，我们要记住他以前并没有做过这种工
作的经验。
What do
you have in mind? 你在想什么?
【考例3】I could see he
was not telling me all be
____ in mind.
A. kept B. had
C.
carried D. made
[考查目标]此题主要考查短语的辨义和短语的搭配问
题。
[答案与解析]B C、D两项显然错误。题意是：我能看
出他没有把他所想的告诉我。
【考点5】与moment有关的短语
① for
the moment 暂时 = for the present
② for a moment
片刻
③ in a moment 不久，立刻．马上
④ at the moment
此时．现在
⑤ the moment 一„„就„„= the minute instant
[例句] We aren't going to make any change for
the mo-
ment. 我们暂时不做任何改变。
The new couple
are traveling abroad at the moment. 那
对新婚夫妇跟下正在国外旅行。
【考例5】(2001京、蒙、皖春招)
--
Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed
her?
-- Yes, I gave it to her ____ I saw
her.
A. while B. the moment
C.
suddenly D. once
[考查目标] 此题主要考查连词问题。
[答案与解析]B 先排除C项，因为suddenly是副词，
不能引导从句。从上下句看。所欠的钱已还过，而且
是．一看见她就还了，所以又排除D项，因为once舍有
条件意味。while强调一段时间。
9. suffer from
受„„苦，遭„„难，患„„病
Most part of the country
suffered fromthe heavy flood.
这个国家的大部分地区遭受严重水灾。
His mother suffers from
heart trouble.
他母亲患心脏病。
☆词语比较☆
1.
persuade, advise
两个词都有“劝”之意，persuade表示结果，advise只
强调动作。
We advised (or: tried to persuade) him to stop
talking,
but hc refused.
我们劝(试图劝服)他别谈了但他不听。
I persuade him to stop
smoking. tie now looks better.
我劝服他戒了烟。现在他看f：去更健康了。
[注意] persuade
表示“说服某人做／不做某事”除了
persuade sb. to not to
do...结构，还有persuade sb.
into doing sth. out
of doing sth. 如：
He persuaded me into
leaving soon.
他劝服我马上离开。
2. dead, deadly,
dying
三个词都可以作形容词，但含义各不相同。dead意
为“死了”，反义词是alive，表示死亡状态；deadly意
为“致命的”表示抽象意义；dying意为“临死的”。
The dog has been
dead for hours.
这条狗死了几个小时了。
That is a
deadly snake. 这是一条致命的蛇。
The dying man tried
to my mmething.
这个快死的人试图想说什么。
[注意]
dead，dying可在前面加 the 作名词用；deadly
还有“死气沉沉”之意。如：
The dead (dying) were being
taken away from the
spot.
当时死者 (快死的人)
正从现场被抬走。
The lecture is deadly. Many began
to leave.
演讲太沉闷了。许多人开始离开。
3. for the
moment, for a moment
for the moment
意为“目前，暂时”，for a moment意
为“(过)片刻，一会儿”。
They don't plan to move for the moment.
他们目前不想搬走。
I will stay here for a moment.
我要在这里呆会儿。
4. die of, die from, die for, die in
(1) die of 意为“因„„而死”，原因多为来自内部、
情感、冻饿和生病等，如：die of hunger (a fever,
thirst,
sorrow, old age) 死于饥饿 (发烧、渴、忧伤、年
老)
(2) die from 意为“由于„„而死”，原因通常来自外
部，如：die from
wound (lack of food, an accident, over
work,
drinking, pollution)死于外伤(缺乏食物、事
故、过度劳动、饮酒、污染)
(3) die for 意为了“为„„而死”，如：
The soldier
died for his motherland. 他为祖旧捐躯。
(4) die in
意为“死于„„”，如：die in battle (战死)，
die greatly
in debt (死于负债累累)，die in office (死
于任职期间)
5. reason, cause, excuse, grounds
(1)
reason：理由，原因；指决定做某一件事或采取某
一行动的理由，由此而得出结论或解释。
The reason for my absence was that l was
ill. 这儿不能
用because引导。
(2)
cause：起因；指引起某种后果的起因。
The cause of the
accident was the fact that he was
driving too fast.
事故的起因是他开得太快。
(3) excuse：辩解，借口；指为某一行为所做的解释，可
以是真的，也可以是托词。
Too much work is no excuse
for not studying.
工作太多不能成为不学习的理由。
(4)
grounds：根据，理由；有根据的理由。
We have good grounds
t。believe his story.
我们有充分的理由相信他的话。
6.
still, quiet, silent
(1)
still用作形容词，意为“静止的，不动的，平静的”。
keep (stay) still
保持不动
lie (stand) still 躺着(站着)不动
a still
lake evening
平静的湖／寂静的夜晚
用作副词，表示“还，仍旧”，可以修饰形容词、副词比
较级。
be still
busy 仍然很忙
win still greater success 取得更火成功
(2) still 侧重“一动不动”，quiet指“安静”，无动作，无
声音，无骚乱，其反义词是noisy (吵闹的、喧哗的)；
silent
指不出声，不说话。
对比：sit still 坐着不动
Be quiet,
and the class will begin.
请安静，马上就要开始上课了。
Hearing the answer, he was silent for a
minute or
more.
听了回答之后，他沉默了一两分钟。
☆精典题例☆
( ) 1. -- Catherine, I have
cleaned the room for you.
-- Thanks. You
____ it. I could managed it
myself. (2005
福建)
A. needn't do B. needn't have done
C. mustn't do D. shouldn't have done
【解析】选D “情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过
去某一事实的假设或推测，根据上下文可以得知凯瑟琳自
己可以做，所以对方“本不必做”。
( ) 2. Mum is coming. What present ____ for
your
birthday? (2005 福建)
A. you
expect she has got
B. you expect has she
got
C. do you expect she has got
D. do you expect has she got
【解析】选C
do you expect 通常被看作插入语，而不
写成Do you expect what
she has got，所以后面的宾语从句
仍用陈述语序。
( )3. I
always take something to read when I go to the
doctor's ____ I have to wait. (2005 全国II)
A. in case B. SO that
C. in
order D. as if
【解析】选A in
case引导句子或单独使用，上面句
子中in case I have to wait
“以防我去等”，使上下文逻辑通
顺。
( )4. -- I'm afraid
Mr. Wood can't see you until 4
o'clock.
-- Oh, ____ I won't wait. (2005 浙江)
A. no doubt B. after all
C. in that
case D. in this way
【解析】选C in this
that case (要是这样／那样的
话)。
( )5. He ____
have completed his work; otherwise,
he
wouldn't be enjoying hirnself by the seaside.
(2005北京)
A. should B. must
C.
wouldn't D. can't
【解析】选A
根据下文“否则他在海边没法玩得痛
快。”可以推出上一句“他本应该要完成他的工作。”should
have
done表示后悔或责备，意为“本应该做了(但事实上
没做)”。
( )6. I
____ have been more than six years old when
the aecident happened. (2005 天津)
A.
shouldn't B. couldn't
C. mustn't D.
needn't
【解析】选B“情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过
去某一事实的假设或推测。尤其用来表示否定的推测则
用。本句译为：当事故发生时
我不可能大于六岁。
( )7. -- Do you know where
David is? I couldn't find
him anywhere.
-- Well. He ____ have gone far — his
coat's
still here. (2005湖北)
A.
shouldn't B. mustn't
C. can't D.
woldldn't
【解析】选c同第6题，表示否定的推测。
( )8.
If I ____ plane to do anything I wanted to, I'd
like to go to Tibet and travel through as
much of
it as possible. (2005湖北)
A. would B. could
C. had
to D. ought to
【解析】选B
本题考查if引导的虚拟语气结构。从
I'd like to
go...判断，本句为与现在事实相反，故选B。
( )9. -- Don't you
think it necessary that he ____ to
Miami
but to New York?
-- I agree, but the
problem is ____ he has
refused to. (2005
江苏)
A. will not be sent; that
B.
not be sent; that
C. should not be sent;
what
D. should not send; what
【解析】选B 本题既考查了虚拟语气的用法，又考
查了表语从句的用法。由necessary引导的主语从句或宾
语从句，需要用shouId do，而他是要“被派往”迈阿密，所以
第一空用(should)not be sent，而第二空在be动词之后需
要用一个表语从句，由于句子结构完整，所以用that。
( )10. -- How
do you ____ we go to Beijing for our
holidays?
-- I think we'd better fly
there. It's much more
comfortable.
(2004福建)
A. insist B. want
C.
suppose D. suggest
【解析】选A
本题考查insist表示“坚持”时所带的
宾语从句用虚拟，即：insist that sb.
(should) do sth. 所以
本题选A。
高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit9-10
【短语归类】
【考点2】含all的副词短语
① all for 完全赞成
② all of
a sudden 突然，冷不防(=all at once = sudden-
ly)
③ all too 实在太
④ all but 几乎；差不多
⑤ all
over 到处；各处
⑥ all the better 更好
⑦ all along
一直；始终
[例句] I'm all for doing nothing till the
police arrive. 我
完全赞成警方到达之前我们不要乱动。
The bus
stopped all of a sudden and the passengers
were thrown forward. 汽车突然停下，乘客们身子向前
倾斜。
The holidays were all too short. 假期实在太短了。
▲友情提示：all是副词，“全部。都”的意思。
【考例2】We
were talking on the phone when,
____, the line
went dead.
A. all too B. all of once
C. all of a sudden D. all sudden
[考查目标]此题主要考查准确使用短语的能力。
[答案与解析]C
短语即成语，是不可改变的。从句意
可知，空白处应是“突然”之意。
11. do
for
1)“使失败，使完蛋”(常用被动式be done for)
That
young man's case is done for.
那年青人的官司输定了。
2)“设法获得”(用于疑问句中与how和what连用)
How did
you do for water while erossing the desert?
当你通过沙漠时，你是怎样获取水的?
【考点4】与harmony有关的短语
① in
harmony with 与„„协调一致
② out of harmony with
与„„不协调一致
③ in harmony 和睦，和谐
[例句] The color
of the sofa is in harmony with the sit—
ting
room. 沙发的颜色与卧室的颜色很协调。
He soon found himself in
harmony with his new co-
workers.
不久，他发觉自己与新合作的工人们关系融
洽。
The music is out of
harmony with his tastes. 这音乐不
合他的兴趣。
The
boys sang in harmony．男孩子唱和声。
【考例4】I had ____
Mrs. Reed or the children, or
her chosen
servant.
A. nothing in harmony with
B. something out of harmony to
C. a lot in
harmony with
D. none of harmony to
[考查目标]此题主要考查短语搭配以及句意理解问
题。
[答案与解析]A
由介词搭配可知B、D两项不对。由
Dr可知C项是错误的。因为or作为连词时，用在否定
句中。
【考点5】含 knock 的短语
① knock about
around 漫游，闲逛；(狠)打
② knock down 击倒，撞倒；拆除
③
knock...out of 把„„敲出来
④ knock into sb 撞到某人身上
⑤ knock off 停止(工作)；扣除
⑥ knock over
打翻
⑦ knock at 敲门／窗等
[例句] The writer has
knocked about in Europe for
months.
那个作家在欧洲漫游了好几个月。
Our house is being knoeked
down to make way for a
new road.
为了给新公路让路，我们的房子正在拆除。
I want to see you when we
knock off. 下班后我要见你。
【考例5】It is reported that
prisoners was ____ a lot
in the prison.
A. knocked about B. knocked down
C.
knocked over D. knocked off
[考查目标]
此题主要考查短语辨义。
[答案与解析]A 正确理解句意是解题的关键。题意
是：据报道犯人在这座监狱里经常受到毒打。
10. put an end to 结束
put an end to 结束
bring sth. to an end
结束
come to an end 结束
make (both) ends
meet 收支相抵
【考点3】“take + 名词”短语
① take action
(on) 采取行动
②
③
④
⑤
take steps
measures 采取措施
take notes 纪录
take a chance
碰碰运气
take breath 歇一歇，喘口气
⑥ take risks 冒风险
⑦ take advantage (of) 利用；引诱
⑧ take aim
(at) 瞄准
⑨ take charge (of) 负责(处理某事，照顾某人)，接管
⑩ take effect 生效，起作用
[例句] Let's see how
they will take action next. 我们要
观察他们下一步要采取什么行动。
The police had to take
firm action to deal with the ri—
ots.
警方只得采取坚决行动来处理骚乱。
The government has taken
measures to preserve order.
政府已采取措施维持秩序。
Half-way up the mountain we stopped to take
breath.
我们爬到半山腰后停下来歇口气。
They took a risk
in driving on, in spite of the storm. 尽
管有暴风雨，他们还是冒险驾车赶路。
He's using his charm to
try to take advantage of her. 他
正利用他的魅力试图引诱她。
Take careful aim at the target before firing.
开火前要对
目标仔细瞄准。
The new law takes
effect from tomorrow. 新法律从明
天起生效。
【考例3】Immediate action must be ____ before it
is
too late.
A. taken B. made C.
carried D. put
[考查目标] 此题主要考查固定短语的动词搭配问题。
[答案与解析]A 在take action短语中，只可使用
take．不可使用其他动词。
9. take action 采取行动
take notes 记笔记
take effect 见效，生效；开始发生作用
take exercise 做体操，做健身活动
take farewell 告别，辞行
take ground 占领阵地，(飞机)着陆
take notice 注意
take office 就职
take steps 采取措施
【考点1】含“动词+out”的短语
①wipe out擦洗„„的内部；去除，消灭
②start out启程(一start off)；着手进行(+t0 do sth)
③hold out伸出；提供；坚持
④stand out显眼；突出
⑤pick out选出；分辨出
⑥leave out省略；遗漏
⑦work
out算出
⑧die out灭绝；消失
[例句]We always wipe the
bottles out before returning
them to the
milkman. 我们总是把瓶子内部擦干净后再
送还给送奶工人。
They
wiped him out to keep him from appearing as a
witness. 为了阻止他出面作证，他们除掉了他。
It's a long
trip; we'll have to start out early and start
back for home in the afternoon. 这是一段长旅程，我们
必须很早动身，下午再起程回家。
Our food supplies won't
hold out long. 我们的食品存量
维持不了多久。
The road
sign is easy to read I the words stand out
well. 路标很容易认；上面的字非常突出。
Tom pm’ked out his
cousins from the crowd. 汤姆从人
群中认出了他的堂兄弟。
How can you leave out such important
information? 你
怎能漏掉这么重要的信息?
▲ 辨析：wipe off
away up擦去，擦掉；start out off
= set out off =
leave 后接 for + 地点；go off后接to +
地点。
【考例1】(NMET 2002改编)We thought of selling this
old furniture．but we decided to ____ it. It
might
be valuable.
A. hold on B.
hold on to
C. hold uD D. hold to
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语的辨义问题。
[答案与解析]B hold on
继续；坚持。hold on to 抓住
不放。hold up 举起。hold to
遵循；坚持(看法、说法
等)。
☆词语比较☆
1. become,
get, grow, turn
become, get, grow, turn,
这几个词都可以表示“变
成”或“成为”的意思。
(1) become
强调变化过程的完成，强调状态的变化。
You'll become wiser as you grow older.
随着年龄的增长，你会变得更睿智的。
(2) get
强调造成事件的施动者的作用或变化的结
果。
We had better get
started at once.
我们最好马上开始。
(3) grow
表示渐渐成为新的状态，或表示从某种状
态向其对立的状态变化的自然现象，强调变化的过
程。
The crowd grew more and more
excited as they were
waiting the time for
the launch of the satellite.
随着火箭发射时间的到来，等待的人群变得越来越
兴奋了。
(4) turn
指转变成为与原来完全不同的事物，强调变
化的结果。turn后面接名词时常不加冠词，而
become后接名词时则加冠词。
In autumn the leaves
on the trees all turn yellow.
秋天树上的叶子都变黄了。
Five years later, he turned doctor.
=
Five years later, he became a doctor.
五年后他成了一名医生。
2. besides, except, but, except
for, apart from, in
addition to, other
than
(1) besides 的意思是“除„„之外还有”，该介词后
面所表示的人或物等也包括在总数内。
Ten of us passed besides
Tom. (= Tom passed too.)
(2) except
的意思是“不包括在内，除去”，该介词后
面所表示的人或物等不包括在总数内。
All of us passed except Tom. (= Tom did not pass.)
它的后面除接名词和代词外还可以接介词、副词或
以that、when引导的从句。
He has always been in good
health except in the past
few days|quite
recently I that he had a slight
headache in
the past few days when he had a
headache.
(3) but 作“除外”的意思有一些限制，它只能用在no
one,
none, all, nobody everyone, everything, who,
what, where 等之后，而except的限制很少。
(4) except for
表示“除外”一般是指后面所除开的内
容与前面的内容具有所属关系或后面的部分对前
面部分在细节上加以修正。如果后面的东西与前
面的东西属于同类语，则用except。
The esssay is well written except for a few
mistakes in
the last paragraph.
文章写得很好，除了最后一段几个小错洪以外。
The wall was bare
except for someone postters.
墙上除了几张海报外光秃秃的。
We come to school every day except Sunday.
除了星期天外，我们天天上学。
(5) apart from 既可表示
besides 的意思又可表示
except for 的意思。
Apart
from the ayst, it will take a lot of time. (Apart
from = Besides)
除了费用外，还要花很多时间。
Apart from that, all
goes welt. (Apart from = Except
for)
除了那之外，一切都很顺利。
(6) in addition to
有besides的意思。
We saw a cartoon in addition to
.he cowboy movie．
我们看了一部关于牛仔的电影，还看卡通片。
(7) other than 有except 的意思。
There's noboday
here other than me.
除了我这里没别人。
3. on
board, on the board, on the hoards
(1) on
board 的意思是“在船(飞机、车)上”。登机
(船)可以说go get on
board the plane train the
ship.
We
had a pleasant time on board both ships.
我们在两艘船上都度过了快乐的时光。
(2) on the
board的意思是“在木板上，在布告牌上．
在会上讨论”。
Put the
bread on the board before cutting it.
切面包前，把面包放在木板上。
The question was on the
board yesterday, but the
reult was not out.
问题昨天得到了讨沦，但没有结果。
(3) on the boards
的意思是“做演员，在戏台上”。
He has retired， but he is
still on the boards.
他退休了，但仍活跃在舞台上。
4.
state, condition, situation
(1)state表“状态、状况”时，强调人或物在某种特定
时期内具有的特征和所处的环境，如：normal state，
the mental
state，the present state。
The people of the
world want t0 end the state of war
between
the two countries．
全世界的人民都希望能结束两国之间的纷争状态。
(2)condition 含义与state基本相同，condition 可指
“形势、事态、状态”等。
The goods
arrived in good condition.
货物到达时完好无损。
(3)
situation 意为“形式、情况、局面”时，强调各种情
况之问重要的相互关系以及该情况与有关人之间的
关系。
The
situation in the Middle East in none too happy at
present.
中东局势令人堪忧。
5. what's more,
what's worse
what's more 表示“而且，更重要的是”；what's
worse
表示“更糟糕的是”，相当于worse still，to make
things worse，to make the matter worse，even worse，
作插入语用。
He is clever, and what's more,
he works hard.
他很聪明，而且学习很努力。
The car
broke down when I was driving home from
work, and what's worse, it was pouring with rain.
下班的路上，我的汽车坏了，更糟糕的是，天下着大
雨。
☆精典题例☆
( )1. Only after my friend came ____. (2005
福建)
A. did the computer repair
B.
he repaired the computer
C. was the
computer repaired
D. the computer was repaired
【解析】选C 本题考查的是由only引导的状语提到
句首时，需要倒装。
( ) 2. It wasn't until nearly a month
later ____ I
received the
manager's reply. (2005 全国)
A. since B. when
C.
as D. that
【解析】选D 本题考查
not...until 句型用在强调句
中的用法。参见“句型诠释3”。
(
) 3. It's the present situation in poor areas that
____ much higher spending on
education and
training. (2005 北京)
A. answers for B. provides
for
C. calls for D.
plans for
【解析】选C 要解好本题，关键是要弄清四个选项
意思。answer for“对„„负责”；pmvide for“提供”；plan
for“为„„计划”；call for “需要”，本单元出现过call for
courage “需要勇气”。
( ) 4. If I ____ plan
to do anything I wanted to, I'd
like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of
it as possible. (2005 湖北)
A. would B. could
C.
had to D. ought to
【解析】选B
本题考查if引导的虚拟语气结构。从
I'd like to go...
判断，本句为与现在事实相反，故选B。
( ) 5. Your uncle seems
to be a good driver; ____, I
wouldn't dare to travel in his car. (2005 江西)
A. even so B. even though
C.
therefore D. so
【解析】选A even
so表示“即使这样”，so 表示上文
所提到的句子。even though等于even
if“即使”。
( ) 6.-- You haven't lost the
ticket, have you7
-- ____ I know
it's not easy to get another
one at the moment. (2004 江苏)
A. I
hope not B. Yes, I have
C. 1 hope so D. Yes, I'm afraid so
【解析】选A I hope not是省略的说法，指代前面的
内容You haven't
lost the ticket。它的意思是“但愿我没有
丢票”。与下文的“一票难求”相吻合。
( ) 7. Happy Birthday, Alice! So you have
____
twenty-one already! {2004
天津)
A. become B.
turned
C. grown D.
passed
【解析】选B turn 指转变成为与原来完全不同的事
物，强调变化的结果。即你已经是二十一岁了，而不是二
十岁。become强调变化过程的完成，强调状态的变化。
grow表示渐渐成为新的状态，或表示从某种状态向其对
立的状态变化的自然现象，强调变化的过程。
( ) 8. It was __
back home after the experiment.
(2004 湖北)
A. not until midnight
did he go
B. until midnight he
didn't go
C. not until midnight
that he went
D. until midnight
when he didn't go
【解析】选A本题考查not
until在强调句中的变
化，只有A正确。
虚 拟 语 气
知 识 框 架
1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句
三
wish（would
rather）+宾语从句
名
宾语从句
词
suggest（„）+宾语从句
大
性
板
2.
从
主 语从句 It is + .+ that+ S+ (should)
+do
块
句
表 语 从句S+is that +s + (should)
+do
同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do
虚
拟
语
气
3. 定语从句
It is (high) time that + S + did
用过去式表现在情况
1. 时态后退型 用过去完成式表过去
两种形式 用过去将来表将来
2. should+动词原形型
内 容 详 述
I.
含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)
时 间
与现在事实相反的假设
条件状语从句
If +S+did„
（一般过去时）
与过去事实相反的假设 If +S+had done„
（过去完成时）
主 句
S+wouldshouldcouldmight+do„
If I were free
today, I would go shopping with you.
S+wouldshouldcouldmight+have done„
If I
had been free yesterday, I would have gone
shopping with you.
与将来事实相反的假设
did„
If+S should do
were to do
S+wouldshouldcouldmight+do„
If I were
to be free tomorrow, I might go shopping
with
you.
注意事项：
1．倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should
，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，
构成倒装句。
2．错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。
e.g.: If I hadn't stood under the ladder to
catch you when you fell, you wouldn't be smiling
now.又
如：
(1)If I were you, I would have
gone to the film last night.
(2)If we hadn't
got everything ready by now, we should be having a
terrible time tomorrow.
(3)If the weather had
been more favorable, the crops would be growing
still better.
3．If there weren'thad not been
+„=without„
e.g.: If there hadn’t been your
advice, I would have failed. = Without your advice
I would have
failed.
4．If it were not for„
If it hadn't been for„= but for„
5．otherwise+虚拟语气的句子
6．虚拟语气的句子，but+ 陈述事实的句子
II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
sb. did „(希望现在用过去式)
1. wish+that sb. had done„（希望过去用过去完成式）
sb. wouldshould do（希望将来用过去将来）
2
.
would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。
时 间
虚拟现在
虚拟过去
虚拟将来
从 句
were, did (动词一般过去式)
had done
did (动词一般过去式)
例：I would
rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you.
（虚拟过去）
I'd rather you came here for
the answer tomorrow morning. （虚拟将来）
I’d
rather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现在)
3. suggest+（that）S+should+do„
表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should
＋动词原形，should
常常省略。
这类词有：decide，demand，desir
e，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，request，
require等。
注意：
1. suggest
当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气
2. insist
当坚持“要求”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。
判断改错：（错）
Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.
（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
（错） I insisted that you（should）be
wrong.
（对） I insisted that you were
wrong.
III. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中
It is demanded
necessary a pity + that„等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should
加动词原形，
should 可省略。
可用的词有三类
suggested,
ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested,
It is insisted等
important, necessary,
natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame,
no wonder等
IV．虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
某些表示建议、请
求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式
为(should) ＋动词原形。
这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order，
demand，desire，request，
requirement，recommendati
on（推荐），plan，resolution（决议）， idea等。
eg. We are
all for your proposal that the discussion ( should
)be put off．
V． 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
that
（should）do
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从
句需用虚拟语气，其表
达形式为(should) ＋动词原形。
这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， dem
and，desire，request，
requirement，recommendation以
及plan，idea，resolution等。
eg. My suggestion is
that the mayor (should)present the prizes.
VI． 虚拟语气用在定语从句中
It is（about ／high）time
＋that sthshould do sth..
eg. Don't you
think it's about time we went home？
注：在this
is the first time ／second time
that．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气
完成时态。
this the
first time that you have visited Hongkong？
VII. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中
1．在带有even if
even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚
拟语气，动词形式与含
有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。
如: Even if he had been ill, he
would have gone to his office.
2．由as if或as
though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去
式(be用were)或
“had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a
stranger.
She talked about the film as if she
had really seen it.
3．虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得），for
fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。 在
由lest等引导的目的状语从句中
需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语
动词多由should
＋动词原形构成，should也可省略。
eg. He was punished lest
he should make the same mistake again．
VIII．虚拟语气用情感语言中
1．虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。
shouldn't
have been following him so closely；you should have
kept your
distance．
2．If only . +时态后退型的谓语
eg. If only I had known the result of the
examination.
虚拟语气练习题：
1. If you were
old enough, I ________ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow
allowed
B.
should allow C. would have allowed D. had
2. The secretary suggested that they ________
the men in at once.
A. had brought B.
should have brought C. brought D. bring
3.
__________I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
4. It is strange that such a thing _________
in your class.
A. will happen B. happens
C. should happen D. happened
5. How I
wish I ________ to repair the watch! I only made
it worse.
A. had tried B. hadn't tried C.
have tried D. didn't try
6. If he _______ to
the teacher attentively, he _______ the answer to
the problem now.
A. had listened, would have
known B. listened, would know
C. listened,
would have known D. had listened, would know
7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _______
your birthday party.
A. attended
attended
8. If only I _________ how to
operate an electronic computer as you do.
A.
had known B. would know C. should know D. knew
B. had attended C. would attend D. would
have
9. The two strangers talked as if they
_______ friends for years.
A. were B. would
be C. have been D. had been
10. It is high
time we _______ up our results.
A. sum B.
summed C. will sum D. would sum
11 The
librarian insists that John _______ no more books
from the library before he returns all the
books he had borrowed.
A. will take
B. took C. take D. takes
12. But for the
guidance of our instructor(导师) , we _______ in the
experiment.
A. shouldn’t succeed
C.
will not succeed
B. could not have
succeeded
D. should not have succeeded
13. It’s about time people______ notice of
what women did during the war.
A. take B.
took C. have taken D. will take
14.
She couldn’t have answered the question if she
________ a few books on world history.
A.
hadn’t read
read
15. Isn’t it about time
that you ________ to pick up the visitors from New
York?
A. had gone B. should go C. go D.
will go
B. hasn’t read C. wouldn’t read
D. didn’t
16. The young man insisted that he
________ nothing wrong and ________ free
immediately.
A. did; set
set
17. Your
advice that______ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D.
she waited
B. had done; should be set C. do;
be set D. had done; must be
18. It was
essential that we_________ lease（条约、合同） before the
end of the month.
A. sign B. signed C.
had signed D. were signing
19. I wish that I
______ with you last night.
A. went B. have
gone C. could go D. could have gone
20. He
speaks Chinese so fluently as if he ______a
Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D.
has been
21. Looking round the town, he felt
as though he away for ages.
A. has been
B. was C. is D. had been
22. The
suggestion that the mayor ______ the prizes was
accepted by everyone.
A. would present B.
present C. presents D. ought to present
23. If I had seen the movie, I ___________you
all about it now.
A. would tell B. will
tell C. have told D. would have told
24. I
had hoped that John ______a year in Africa, but he
stayed there only for three months.
A. spends
B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
25.
I’d rather you anything about it for the
time being.
A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t
D. didn’t
26. Everybody has arrived. It’s time
we the class.
A. shall start B.
would start C. had started D. should start
27. the English examination I would have
gone to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite
of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
a pencil is partly in a glass of
water，it looks as if it ________.
A. breaks
B. has broken C. were broken D. had been
broken
29. Mike's uncle insists ______ in this
hotel.
A. that he not stay B. staying not
C. that he would not stay D. not to stay
30.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so
it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.
A. were circling B. circles C. is circling
D. be circling
31.______ the fog, we should
have reached our destination.
A. Because of
B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
32. If I hadn't stood under the ladder to
catch you when you fell, you _______ now.
A.
couldn't have smiled B. wouldn't be
smiling
C. won't smile D. didn't smile
33. The Law requires that everyone
_______ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had C will have D. have
34. I recommended that the student _______ his
composition as soon as possible.
A. finishing
writing B. should finish the writing C. finish
writing D. finished writing
35. I would have
called you up for help had it been possible, but I
_______
your phone number
then.
A.
hadn’t had B. didn’t have C. shouldn’t have
D. couldn’t have
t electricity human life
_________ quite different today.
A. is B.
will be C. would have been D. would be
37.I wish I___________ you yesterday.
A.
seen B. did see C. had seen D. were
to see
you listened to the doctor,
you_________ all right now.
A. are B.
were C. would be D. would have been
39._________ today, he would get there by
Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he
leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he
leave
is talking so much about America as if
he__________ there
A. had been B.
has been C. was D. been
41. The
article suggests that when a person ______ under
unusual stress he should be especially
careful
to have a well-balanced diet.
A. be
B. was C. is D. were
treated me as
though_________ his own son.
A. I am
B. I would be C. I was D. I were
only I_________ a car of my own.
A. have B.
had C. would love D. should have
at the
trouble I’m in ! If only I_________ your advice.
A. followed B. would follow C. had
followed D. should follow
only he _______
quietly as the doctor instructed.
A. lies B.
lay C. had lain D. should lie
1-5 CDDCB
6-10 DDDDB 11-15 CBBAB 16-20 BBADA
21-25 DBACB 26-30 DBCAA 31-35 DBDCB
36-40 DCCCA 41-45 CDBCC
非谓语动词
非谓语动词主要包
括不定式&动名词&分词（现在分词和过去分词），.即动词的非谓
语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以
承担句子的任何成分
它有三种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词
(一)动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.
否定式：not
+ (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动
词动作之后.
例如：
I'm glad to meet you.
He
seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a
visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The
patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
The boy
pretended to be working hard.
He seems to
be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I
regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to
have seen the film.
He is pleased to have
met his friend.
不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例<
br>如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to
finish the work in ten minutes.
It
means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有：
1、It+ be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+ some
time +to do。
3、It+ be +形容词+of sb +to do。
4、It+ be+形容词+for sb.+ to do。
常用careless,,c
lever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,sil
ly,stupid,wise,等表示赞
扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
（2）作表语：
Her
job is to clean the hall.
He appears to
have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail,
plan, learn, pretend,
refuse, manage, help,
agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，
则用it
作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx
found it important to study the situation in
Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I
have no choice but to stay here.
He
did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some
advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,
wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help,
advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force,
call on, wait for, invite.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel,
have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但
改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw
him cross the road.
He was seen to cross
the road.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的
介词，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用
被动式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish
the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the
first to get here.
（6）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save
money, every means has been tried.
right：To
save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is
needed.
right：To learn English well, he
needs a dictionary.
②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果)：
He arrived late only to find the train had
gone.
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the
news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to
see anything.
The question is simple for
him to answer.
（7）作独立成分：
To tell you
the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to
do it, you don't need to.
（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study
medicine and become a doctor.
（二）动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1．动名词的形式： Ving
否定式：not + 动名词
（1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being
invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
（3）完成式：
We
remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
（4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to
Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
（5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice.
我后悔没听他的劝告。
（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2．动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful.
朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting.
集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no
use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
（2）作表语：
In the ant city,
the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
（3）作宾语：
They
haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being
polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也
可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾
语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例
如：
We found it no good making fun of
others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse
,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider,
admit
（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid,
practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy,
be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't
help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of,
prevent„
(from),keep „from,
stop„（from）,protect„from, set about, be engaged
in, spend„(in), succeed
in, be used to, look
forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist
on, feel like
（4）作定语：
He can't walk
without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is
there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？
（5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place
is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit,
listening to the news on the radio remains
unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
（三）现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式：
否定式：not + 现在分词
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的
动作同时发生，完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They
went to the park, singing and talking.
他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he
played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成
式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being
discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made
the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2．现在分词的句法功能：
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如
果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he
worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's
father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following
years也可用
in the years that followed; the man
speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking
to the
teacher.
（2）现在分词作表语：
The
film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is
inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be +
doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be
+
doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
（3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see,
watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice,
observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。
例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the
next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car
waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
（4）现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working
in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：
Being a
League member, he is always helping others.
由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他
人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He
stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you
will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped
the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other
day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining
heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I
waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been
sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll
do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分：
udging from(by) his appearance,
he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful.
一般说来，女孩子更细心。
（四）过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-
ed构成。不规则动词的过去
分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1．过去分词作定语：
Our class went
on an organized trip last Monday.
上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的
旅行。
Those selected as
committee members will attend the meeting.
当选为委员的人将出
席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过
去分词短语，就放在名词的
后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2．过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight.
他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be +
过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语
态。区别：
The
window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken
by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled
water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived
goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the
changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come,
fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned,
passed等。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung
several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done,
they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4．过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he
became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can
never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it
better.
如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his
life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
Filled with
hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山
洞。
十一年高考非谓语动词
（1994年——2005年）
1． He looked
around and caught a man his hand into
the pocket of a passenger.
（NMET2004年春季北京,32）
A. put B. to be putting C. to put
D. putting
2. I'm going to the supermarket
this afternoon. Do you have anything
？(2004年
春季上海，35 )
A. to be buying B.
to buy C. for buying D. bought
3. The
pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain
as the plane was making a
landing.
(2004年春季上海39 )
A. seat B. seating C.
seated D. to be seating
4. Victor
apologized for to inform me of the change
in the plan. (2004年春季上海,40)
A. his being
not able B. him not to be able C. his not being
able D. him to be not able
5. After his
journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home，
. (2004年春季上
海，42)
A. exhausting B.
exhausted C. being exhausted D. having
exhausted
6. Suddenly, a tall man driving a
golden carriage the girl and took her
away，
into the woods.
(2004年春季上海,44)
A. seizing；disappeared B.
seized；disappeared
C. seizing；disappearing
D. seized； disappearing
7．A cook will be
immediately fired if he is found in the
kitchen（NMET 2003年，22）
A. smoke B. smoking
C. to smoke D. smoked
8. The teacher asked
us so much noise. (NMET2003年北京,21)
A. don't make B. not make C. not
making D. not to make
9. time,
he'11 make a first-class tennis player.
(NMET2003年北京,28)
A. Having given B. To
give C. Giving D. Given
10. The
discovery of new evidence led to
．(2003年上海,37)
A. the thief having caught B.
catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D.
the thief to be caught
11. Generally speaking,
according to the directions, the drug has no side
effect．(2003年上海,39)
A. when taking B.
when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
12. An army spokesman stressed that all the
soldiers had been ordered _______clear warnings
before firing any shots. (2003年上海,43)
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have
issued D. to be issued
13. Friendship is
like money; easier made than .
（2003年春季上海35）
A. kept B. to be
kept C. keeping D. being kept
14. the meeting himself gave them a great
deal of encouragement. (2003年春季上海,36)
A. The
president will attend B. The president to
attend
C. The president attended D. The
president's attending
15. Unless to
speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
(2003年春季上海,37)
A. invited B. inviting C.
being invited D. having invited
16. She will
tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us
has a role in making the
earth a
better place to live. (2003年春季上海，38)
A. to
have played B. to play C. to be played D.
to be playing
17. Having a trip abroad is
certainly good for the old couple, but it remains
________whether they will enjoy it. （NMET
2002年，32）
A. to see B. to be seen C.
seeing D. seen
18. It is said in Australia
there is more land than the government knows
. （NMET 2002
年，33）
A. it what to do with B,
what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do
what with it
19. The research is so designed
that once nothing can be done to change
it. （NMET
2002年，34）
A. begins B. having
begun C. beginning D. begun
20.—How do
you deal with the disagreement between the company
and the customers?
一The key the
problem is to meet the demand by the
customers. (NMET
2002年北京，34)
A. to
solving；making B. to solving；made C. to
solve；making D. to solve；made
21. In order to
gain a bigger share in the international market,
many state-run companies are
striving
their products more competitive. (2002年上海,25)
A. to make B. making C. to have made
D. having made
22. Quite a few people used to
believe that disaster ___________if a mirror was
broken. (2002年
上海30)
A. was sure of
striking B. was sure of having stuck
C.
was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
23. Though money, his parents managed
to send him to university. (2002年上海33)
A.
lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked
in
24. Don't use words, expressions, or
phrases only to people with specific
knowledge.
(2004年上海，34)
A. being known
B. having been known C. to be known D. known
25. to sunlight for too much time
will do harm to one's skin. (2002年上海，38)
A.
Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D.
After being exposed
26. Prices of daily goods
through a computer can be lower than store prices.
(NMET 2002年春季北京24)
A. are bought B.
bought C. been bought D. buying
27. In
some parts of London, missing a bus means for
another hour. (2002年春季上海，25)
A. waiting B.
to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
28. When , the museum will be
open to the public next year. (2002年春季上海,29)
A. completed B. completing C. being
completed D. to be completed
29. In order to
make our city green, . (2002年春季上海32)
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees
C. our city needs more trees
B.
many more trees need to plant
D. we must plant
more trees
30. With a lot of difficult
problems ,the newly-elected president is
having a hard time.
(2002年春季上海37)
A.
settled B. settling C. to settle D. being
settled
31． such heavy pollution
already，it may now be too late to clean up the
river. （NMET
2001年，35）
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering C. To suffer
32. Finding her
car stolen, . (2001年上海,28)
D.
Suffered
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searching thoroughly
C. it was
looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a
policeman for help
33. Do let your mother know
all the truth. She appears everything.
(2001年上海,29)
A. to tell B. to be told C.
to be telling D. to have been told
34. I
really appreciate to relax with you
on this nice island. (2001年上海，31)
A. to have
had time B. having time C. to have time D. to
having time
35. The bell the end of the
period rang, our heated discussion.
(2001年上海，38)
A. indicating；interrupting
C. indicating；interrupted
B. indicated；interrupting
D. indicated；interrupted
36. Fishing is
his favorite hobby, and .
(2001年上海39)
A. he'd like to collect coins as
well B. he feels like collecting coins，too
C.
to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting
coins also gives him great pleasure
37.
late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
(NMET 2001年春季北京，21)
A. To sleep B. Sleeping
C. Sleep D. Having sleep
38. One learns a
language by making mistakes and
them. (NM ET 2001年春李
北京，24)
A. correct
B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct
39. Sandy could do nothing but to his
teacher that he was wrong. （2001年春季上海28）
A
admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to
admit
40． In order to improve English,
．（2001年春季上海，34）
A. Jenny's father bought her a
lot of tapes
C. a lot of tapes were bought by
Jenny
B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for
herself
D. a lot of tapes were bought by
Jenny's father
41. Mr. Reed made up his mind
to devote all he had to some schools
for poor
children. (2001年春季上海，36)
A. set
up B. setting up C. have set up D. having
set up
42. from heart trouble
for years, Professor White has to take some
medicine
with him wherever he goes.
(2001年春季上海，38)
A. Suffered B. Suffering
C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
43．I've
worked with children before，so I know what
in my new job. （NMET
2000年，19）
A. expected
B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
44．The managers discussed the plan that they
would like to see the next year.
（NMET 2000年，22）
A. carry out B.
carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
45. He sent me an E-mail, to
get further information. (2000年上海31)
A. hoped
46． in 1636，Harvard is one
of the most famous universities in the United
States.
（2000年上海，37）
A. Being founded B.
It was founded C. Founded D. Founding
47.
The boy was last seen near the
East Lake. (2000年上海,39)
A. missing；playing B.
missing；play C. missed；played D. missed；to play
48. Tony was very unhappy for to
the party. （2000上海,40）
A. having not been
invited B. not having invited
C. having not
invited D. not having been invited
49. The
picture on the wall is painted by my
nephew. (NMET 2000年春季北京，15)
A. having hung
B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
50.
the general state of his health, it may take him a
while to recover from the
operation. (NMET
2000年春季北京，17)
A. Given B. To give C.
Giving D. Having given
51．Robert is said
abroad，but I don’t know what country he studied
in. （NMET
1999年，14）
A. to have studied B.
to study C. to be studying D. to have been
studying
52. There are five pairs
,but I'm at a loss which to buy. (1999年上海，17)
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to
choose D. for choosing
53. European football
is played in 80 countries， it the
most popular sport in
the world. （NMET
1998年，25）
A. making B. makes C. made
D. to make
54. I would love to ________the
party last night but I had to work extra hours to
finish a report.
（NMET 1997年，12）
A. to go
B. having gone C. going D. have gone to
55． in thought, he almost ran into
the car in front of him. （NMET 1996年，23）
A.
Losing B. Having lost C. Lost
56．一You
were brave enough to raise objections at the
meeting.
—Well，now I regret
that. （NMET 1995年，26）
A. to do
1—5 DBCCB
6—10 DBDDC
11—15 BAADA
16—20 BBCDB
21—25 ADCDC
26—30 BAADC
31—35 ADDBB
B. to be doing C. to have
done
D. To lose
B. hoping C. to
hope D. hope
D. having done
36—40 DABAB
41—45 BCBCB
46—50
CADBA
51—56 ABADCD
1 情态动词的语法特征
1）
情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
2）
情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
3）
情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
21.1
情态动词的语法特征
1）
情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2） 情态动词
除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3）
情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4）
情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
21.2 比较can
和be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能
(过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able
to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the
news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c.
表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e.
表示成功地做了某事时，只能用waswere able to， 不能用could。
He
was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war
broke out.
注意：could不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
--- Could I
have the television on?
--- Yes, you can.
No, you can't.
2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
21.3 比较may和might
1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2）
成语： maymight as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为不妨。
If
that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but
he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C.
can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出。
21.4 比较have to和must
1)
两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must
表示说话人主观上的看法，既
主观上的必要。
My brother was very
ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of
the night. 我弟弟病得
很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2) have
to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must
可用于间接引语中
表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after
his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定结构中： don't
have to 表示不必
mustn't 表示禁止，
You don't have to
1 2 3 4 tell him about
it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him
about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
21.5 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为一定。
2)
must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be
的原
形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all
must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对
现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：
He must be staying
there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay
there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must
表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the
phone. I must have been asleep.
我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着
了。
4)
must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't
hear it.
5) 否定推测用can't。
If
Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't
be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这
儿，他此时一定还未到家。
21.6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may,
might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't
know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be
correcting our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We
would have finished this work by the end of next
December.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The
road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been
looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike
can't have found his car, for he came to work by
bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
21.7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1)
may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have +
done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发
生的事情。
Philip may
(might) have been hurt seriously in the car
accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt
seriously in the car accident.
2) must
have
1 2 3 4 +done
sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有肯定，谅必的
意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is
still here.
---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have
done sth
本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示不该做某事而做了。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in
this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown
the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
ought to
在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth
本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip,
but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I
was very busy then.