高分子专业英语
申论真题-广州中考数学
单词
engineeringmaterials
metallic
materials
ferrous alloys
non-ferrous
metals
organic polymer materials
plastic
rubber
synthetic fibers
inorganic non-
metallic materials
composite materials
wrought iron
pig iron
four general
types of cast iron
ductile iron
gray iron
white iron
malleable iron
alloying
elements
chromium
nickel
impurity
majority
wool fibres
the sheep
silk fibres
silkworms
cementite
proteins
varnish
pigment
solvent
additives
paint
drying oils
cure
cured or dried
ancient times
millennia
arbitrary boundary
工程材料
金属材料
黑色金属合金合金
有色金属
有机高分子材料
塑料
橡胶
合成纤维
无机非金属材料
复合材料
熟铁
生铁
铸铁的四种类型
球墨铸铁
灰铸铁
白口铸铁
可锻铸铁
合金元素
铬
镍
杂质
多数
毛纤维
羊
丝纤维
蚕
渗碳体
蛋白质
清漆
颜料
溶剂
添加剂
油漆
干燥油
固化
固化或干燥
古代
千年
任意边界
ductile
durable
quote
eminently
rust
precipitation
dislocation
arbitrary
smelt
Intricate
combination
ductile
low
ductility
tough
toughness
porosity
insulating
flexible
corrosion
resistance
lightweight
reduce
weight
reduction of vehicle
automobile bodies
cutlery
springs
slip systems
oxide
spheroidal graphite
ballbearing
dislocation motion
precipitation hardening
balance
cultivate
shatterproof
against
compared to
aesthetic appeal
more dense
延展
耐久的
引用援引
杰出地
生锈
沉淀沉积
位错
独断的，任意的
熔炼，精炼
复杂的，精巧的
结合，化合物
易延展的
低延展性
艰难的
韧性
孔隙度，
气孔,气泡
绝缘
灵活的
抗腐蚀性
轻
还原,减少
汽车轻量化
汽车车身
餐具
弹簧
滑移性
氧化物
球状石墨
滚珠轴承
位错的运动
沉积硬化
平衡
培养
碎
反对
相比
艺术感染力
更密集的
判断
name “cast iron” derives from the fact that
there is only iron in cast irons
are a lot of
alloys in which there is no iron.
en can bear
the temperature of 2000℃ in air.
are more
than one step in the process to make a plstic
product。
molecules of the polymers is very
long.
plastics are also a kind of polymers.
简答
1.
How do you distinguish steel
from cast iron?
2.
How do you distinguish
low alloy steel from high alloy steel?
3.
How is the steel made?
you
want to have a high strength iron based material,
what should you do?
is the difference between
the pig iron and the cast iron?
is the
function of the coke when producing pig iron?
is the difference between the carbon steel and
HSLA steel?
are the good properties of the
HSLA steels obtained?
the HSLA steel is so
popular?
lly speaking, what is the role of the
elements such as chromium, nickel and tungsten in
the high alloy steel?
adding what elements
into steel can we obtain austenite at room
temperature?
is the main property of the
superalloy steel?
13.
How is malleable cast
iron obtained?
14.
What is the function of
the element of magnesium when it is added into the
cast iron?
15.
List the applications that
the copper alloy may have.
is the property
of the plastics?
some examples of products
made of plastics.
are the terms that can be
used to substitute the name “polymer”?
there
any polymer materials natural? And what are they?
完成句子
1.A certain number of non-
ferrous metals, including aluminum and zinc, are
also important, but even today the majority of
our engineering products are of iron or steel.
Moreover, iron possesses magnetic properties,
which have made the
development of electrical
power possible.
non-metallic constituents
of cast iron include carbon, silicon and sulphur,
and the presence of these substances
affects
the behavior of the metal.
mentioned above,
alloy additions must be with care and
justification because they are expensive.
surface coatings employed in industry and by
consumers are based on synthetic polymers-that is,
industrially
produced substances composed of
extremely large, often interconnected molecules
that form tough, flexible, adhesive
films when
applied to surfaces.
other component
materials of surface coating are pigments, which
provide colour, opacity ,gloss, and other
properties; solvents or carrier liquids, which
provide a liquid medium for applying the film
forming ingredients; and
additives, which
provide a number of special properties.
gh
ferrous alloys are used in the majority of
metallic applications in current engineering
designs, non-ferrous
alloys play a large and
indispensable role in our technology.
for
ferrous alloys, the list of non-ferrous alloys is,
of course, long and complex.
world
production of aluminum roughly doubled in one
recent 10 year period.
ium alloys have even
lower density than aluminum and , as a result,
appear in numerous structural applications
such as aerospace designs.
contrast,
magnesium is hcp with only three slip systems and
characteristic brittleness.
formed,
titanium’s reactivity works to its advantage. A
thin, tenacious oxide coating forms on its
surface, giving
excellent resistance to
corrosion.
alloys find use in battery grids
(alloyed with calcium or antimony), solders
(alloyed with tin), radiation shielding,
and
sound control structures.
refractory metals
include molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, and
tungsten.
property of plasticity, often found
in combination with other special properties such
as low density, low electrical
conductivity,
transparency, and toughness, allows plastics to be
made into a great variety of products.
翻译
1. Within the steel category, we shall
distinguish whether or not a significant amount of
alloying elements other than car
bon is used.
对于钢的区分，我们要弄清楚的是是否含有有效量的合金元素而不是碳的含量。
2. These
alloy additions are chosen carefully because they
invariably bring with them sharply increased
material costs.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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10.
11.
12.
这些合金元素的加入会使材料成本急剧增加，因此要慎重选择。
One should
keep in mind that chemical compositions quoted in
alloy designations are approximate and will vary
slightly from product to product within
acceptable limits of industrial quality
control.
.
An interesting class of alloys
known as high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels has
emerged in response to requirements
for weight
reduction of vehicles.
It is brittle and may
fracture under tension.
But it possesses
certain properties that make it very useful in the
manufacture of machinery .
We make wire and
tubing from mild steel with a very low carbon
content, and drills and cutting tools from high
carbon steel.
The reasons for this are
straightforward.
The final product is strong
and durable.
Stainless steels require alloy
additions to prevent damage from a corrosive
atmosphere.
But the increasingly severe
requirements of modern technology are justifying
such costs.
Cast irons have relatively low
melting temperatures and liquid phase viscosities,
do not form undesirable surface films
when
poured, and undergo moderate shrinkage during
solidification and cooling.
铸铁具有比较低的熔点和液相粘
性。浇注时不成不需要的表面膜，并且在固化和冷却过程中收缩适度。
There are four general types of cast irons
Aluminum alloys are best known for low density
and corrosion resistance. Electrical conductivity,
ease of fabrication,
and appearance are also
attractive features.
Before that time, a
practical method of separating titanium metal from
reactive oxides and nitrides was not available.
Superior corrosion resistance is exhibited in
marine and other corrosive environments.
The
mechanical properties of these alloys rival the
steels in their variability.
High purity
copper is an exceptionally soft material.
Nickel alloys have much in common with copper
alloys.
Nickel is harder than copper, but
Monel is harder than nickel.
Zinc alloys are
ideally suited for die casting due to their low
melting point and lack of corrosive reaction with
steel
crucibles and dies.
Lead alloys are
durable and versatile materials. The lead pipes
installed by the Romans at the public baths in
Bath,
England, nearly 2000 years ago are still
in use.
This method is termed as
galvanization.
Excellent corrosion resistance
combined with various inherent properties justify
the many costly applications of these
metals
and alloys.
However, their general reactivity
with oxygen requires the high temperature service
to be in a controlled atmosphere
or with
protective coatings.
Polymers are chemical
compounds that consist of long, chainlike
molecules made up of multiple repeating units.
Even embalming, the art for which ancient
Egypt is famous, is based on the condensation and
cross linking of proteins
with formaldehyde.
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