如何做高中英语阅读理解中的词义猜测题_教案
山东省人事考试中心-浙江国税
Reading Comprehension
— how to do
word-guessing
By
Lin Qianchai
Shangde Middle School Nov25,2014
Teaching aim:
To improve the students’ ability of
word
-
guessing
Teaching difficult
point:
How to improve the students’ ability of
doing task-based reading
Teaching aid:
Multimedia
Teaching procedures:
Step One: Lead-in
Have a free talk with
students and find out the requirements that they
need in doing reading
comprehension.
1.
What conditions do we need to improve the reading
ability?
2. How many kinds of reading
materials?
3.
What is demanded in the Exam
.
１、理解语篇主旨要义 ；
２、理解文中具体信息；
３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；
４、作出简单判断和理解；
５、理解文章的基本结构；
６、理解作者的意图和态度;
3．How many
question types are there in this exam item?
Specific Information=details；Reference；Main
idea；author’s opinion and
purpose;
Paraphrase;Logical inference;Word-
guessing
Step Two: Finding out ways
Give students a sample and then help them get
the relative ways to solve each question type.
Then let them do some practice.
1).How to
get specific information.
【
Sample
】
l Electric introduces the iron of tomorrow
with a push of a magic blue button.
Q:What is
advertised in this sentence?
A. button B.
iron C. General Electric D. push
. H also
has these features (特点)
·weighs only 500 grams
·includes long-lasting batteries
1
·comes with a 5-year
guarantee ·remembers simple instructions
Originally (最初) sold for $$499 NOW ONLY
$$299
Q: You can get your Mr. H for .A.
＄499 B. ＄299 C. ＄199 D. ＄99
【解题技巧】
运用skimming+scanning的阅读方法, 着重关注who, what, when,
where及数字等具体事
实。
2).How to get the Reference
【
Sample
】
do know that job
satisfaction is falling in Britain and in most
advanced nations. The
actual reasons for this
are the subject of very heated discussion.
Q:The underlined word this refers to _____. A.
Britain B. satisfaction s
r, he cannot take
the credit for creating other well-loved
characters, such as
Cinderella and Snow White.
They are almost automatically associated with
Disney
Q:The underlined word they refers to
____. wonderful things.
B. Other well-loved
characters. C. Old fables. D. Cartoon
movies.
【解题技巧】
1.找出上下文中可能被替代的名词或代词
2.注意这些词的单复数
3.根据上下文的逻辑关系
3).How to get
the main idea
【
Sample
】
Tell a
story and tell it well, and you may open wide the
eyes of a child, open up lines of
communication in a business, or even open
people’s mind to another culture or race…
Q:What is the main idea of the text?
A.
Storytelling is vital to the growth of businesses
B. Storytelling is the best way to educate
children in school.
C. Storytelling helps
people understand themselves and others.
D.
Storytelling may open people’s mind to another
culture or race
【解题技巧】
1.
通过理解、分析全文，区分主要信息和次要信息，进而总结归纳文章或段落的大意。
2.
注意选项信息可能出现“以偏概全”“张冠李戴”。
4).How to get
the author’s opinion and purpose
【
Sample
】
Western Europe
homeless has quickly been climbing to levels not
seen since the end of
World War II.
Q: How
does the author feel about the situation?
A.
interested B. cheerful C. worried l
experts have now begun to question the usefulness
of eye training,especially
since any approach
which trains a person to read isolated words would
seem unlikely to help
2
him in reading a continuous text.
Q: What
is the tune of the author?
A. Supportive
B. neutral C. critical stic
【解题技巧】
1．根据题干，缩小并锁定相关句段。
2．挖掘选项异同点寻找提示。
3．利用各类词义理解技巧逐一突破关键词。
4．抓住表示因果、转折、递进、并列等关系的连词
，准确把握句内各分句以及该句所在段落各句间的逻
辑关系。
5).How to
paraphrase sentences
【
Sample
】
She works with prisoners, helping them know
who they are by telling stories that her
listeners can write, direct, and act in their
own lives. If they don’t like the story they are
living, they can rewrite the story.
Q:The
underlined sentence suggests that prisoners can
____
A. start a new life B. direct a film
C. act in the film D. write a story
【解题技巧】
理解句子在文章的作用,注意句子的引申义与比喻义。
6).How to get
logical inference
1.“Come on. Alexis! You are
not alone here. There are people who care about
you, who want to help you
out and see you
recover. We are going to do this together. Are you
ready?” Slowly Alexis nodded and took
a deep
breath.
Q: It can be inferred that _____
A. Alexis was successful. B Alexis
finally gave up climbing.
C. Alexis was weak
in health. D. Alexis felt lonely
other
experts of the situation, Mr. Baker has also
sensibly (敏感地)and wisely forecast a rise in
un-employment among the young.
Q: It can
be inferred that _____
A. Only one person has
made prediction B. The author agrees to Baker’s
idea
C. Mr. Baker holds a wrong idea
. Baker is sensible and wise
【
解题技巧
】
通过文章的措辞，上下文关系和整体结构，理解作者
的态度观点，揣摩作者思路，特别注意文章描写环
境和流露作者情感态度的语句。切忌以自己的观点代替
作者的观点，切忌仅凭自己的知识背景随意猜测
线索。
7).How to
guess words.
【
Sample
】
takes a
special interest in botany--- the study of plants.
st study
【
解题技巧
】根据破折号后面起解释说明作用。
2.
Carbon monoxide is a noxious gas;it is almost
fatal. People exposed to it too long will die
without
3
immediate
medical help.
A. fatal B. medical l
【
解题技巧
】根据分号；或者连词andor 等表示文中定义的重复。
’s father often gets angry at his laziness.
But this time he flew into a rage when he was told
about
Tom’s misbehaviors at school.
It
means he was _______________. d d
【
解题技巧
】根据下文的已知信息或者表定义的句子来确定生词的词义。
hobby is reading periodicals, such as Times
Magazine, Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, etc.
A.
magazines rly pers D. digests
【
解题技巧
】根据后面的例句来确定生词的词义。
ys some
young people are not thrifty, since they often
squander (浪费) money.
ical
is the reason why the word belated was invented.
“Happy belated birthday!” is short for: “Well. I
know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive
me and happy birthday.”
Q:The underlined word
“belated”probably means
A. prcdictcd B.
returned C. cancelled
等构词规律来推断词义。
.
D.
delayed
【
解题技巧
】根据前后修饰句子的对照比较推
断词义，此外还可以根据单词的前缀、后缀、复合、派生
Homework
1.
完成剩余的词汇猜测题练习；
2. 《全优设计》活页
4