12年12月四级阅读(含答案)
北京理工大学远程教育学院-三年级作文我学会了什么
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are
based on the following passage.
As you are
probably aware, the latest job markets news isn’t
good: Unemployment
is still more than 9
percent, and new job growth has fallen close to
zero. That’
s bad for the economy, of course.
And it may be especially discouraging if you
happen
to be looking for a job or hoping to
change careers right now. But it actually
shouldn’
t matter to you nearly as much as you
think.
That’s because job growth numbers
don’t matter to job hunters as much as job
turnover (人员更替) data. After all, existing jobs
open up every day due to
promotions,
resignations, terminations(解雇), and retirements.
(Yes, people are
retiring even in this
economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover
creates more
openings than economic growth
does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was
still
moving ahead, job growth was only
132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!
And
as it turns out, even today — with job growth near
zero — over 4 million
job hunters are being
hired every month.
I don’t mean to imply
that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on
one’
s ability to land a job. It’s true that if
total employment were higher, it would
mean
more jobs for all of us to choose from (and
compete for). And it’s true that
there are
currently more people applying for each available
job opening, regardless
of whether it’s a new
one or not.
But what often distinguishes
those who land jobs from those who don’t is their
ability to stay motivated. They’re willing to
do the hard work of identifying their
valuable
skills; be creative about where and how to look;
learn how to present
themselves to potential
employers; and keep going, even after repeated
rejections.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics
data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and
were available for work hadn’t looked within
the last four weeks and were no longer
even
classified as unemployed.
So don’t let the
headlines fool you into giving up. Four million
people get
hired every month in the U.S. You
can be one of them.
57. The author tends to
believe that high unemployment rate ______.
A) deprives many people of job
opportunities
B) prevents many people from
changing careers
C) should not stop people
from looking for a job
D) does not mean the
U.S. economy is worsening
58. Where do most
job openings come from?
A) Job growth. C)
Improved economy.
B) Job turnover.
D)Business expansion.
59. What does the
author say about overall job growth?
A) It
doesn’t have much effect on individual job
seekers.
B) It increases people’s confidence
in the economy.
C) It gives a ray of hope to
the unemployed.
D) It doesn’t mean greater
job security for the employed.
60. What is
the key to landing a job according to the author?
A) Education. C) Persistence.
B)
Intelligence. D) Experience.
61. What do we
learn from the passage about the unemployment
figures in the U.S.?
A) They clearly
indicate how healthy the economy is.
B) They
provide the public with the latest information.
C) They warn of the structural problems in
the economy.
D) They exclude those who have
stopped looking for a job.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following
passage.
Our risk of cancer rises
dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the
elderly should be routinely screened for new
tumors — or doesn’t it?
While such
vigilant(警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in
general,
researchers are increasingly
questioning whether all of this testing is
necessary
for the elderly. With the percentage
of people over age 65 expected to nearly double
by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health
benefits of screening against the risks
and
costs of routine testing.
In many cases,
screening can lead to surgeries to remove cancer,
while the
cancers themselves may be slow-
growing and may not pose serious health problems
in
patients’ remaining years. But the message
that everyone must screen for cancer
has
become so deep-rooted that when health care
experts recommended that women under
50 and
over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it
caused a riotous reaction among
doctors,
patients and advocacy groups.
It’s hard to
uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening
with scientific
data. Certainly, there are
people over age 75 who have had cancers detected
by routine
screening, and gained several extra
years of life because of treatment. And clearly,
people over age 75 who have other risk factors
for cancer, such as a family history
or prior
personal experience with the disease, should
continue to get screened
regularly. But for
the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased
at the end
of life, must be balanced with
other factors like remaining life
expectancy(预期
寿命).
A recent study
suggests that doctors start to make more objective
decisions about
who will truly benefit from
screening- especially considering the explosion of
the
elderly that will soon swell our
population.
It’s not an easy calculation to
make, but one that makes sense for all patients.
Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are
ordering screening tests purely to cover
themselves. We need to think about the
rational use of health care.”
That means
making some difficult decisions with elderly
patients, and going
against the misguided
belief that when it comes to health care, more is
always better.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62.
Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening
for elderly people?
A) It is believed to
contribute to long life.
B) It is
part of their health care package.
C) The
elderly are more sensitive about their health.
D) The elderly are in greater danger of
tumor growth.
63. How do some researchers
now look at routine cancer screening for the
elderly?
A) It adds too much to their
medical bills.
B) It helps increase their
life expectancy.
C) They are doubtful about
its necessity.
D) They think it does more
harm than good.
64. What is the conventional
view about women screening for breast cancer?
A) It applies to women over 50. C) It is optional
for young women.
B) It is a must for adult
women. D) It doesn’t apply to women over 74.
65. Why do many doctors prescribe routine
screening for cancer?
A) They want to
protect themselves against medical disputes.
B) They want to take advantage of the medical care
system.
C) They want data for medical
research.
D) They want their patients to
suffer less.
66. What does the author say is
the general view about health care?
A) The
more, the better. C) Better early than late.
B) Prevention is better than cure. D) Better care,
longer life.
57. The author tends to
believe that high unemployment rate ______?
答案：C. should not stop people from looking for
a job.
解析：本题重点考察作者观点。题干问在作者看来，高失业率怎么样？锁定原
文第一段，虽
然第一段中的bad for the
economy，discouraging，change careers等字眼跟选项ABD当中的
词汇很类似，但是要注意的是，真正表达作者观点的是第一段最后一句But it actually
shouldn’
t matter to you nearly as much as you
think。其实高失业率跟你没太大关系。包括原文最后一
段第一句“So don’t let
the headlines fool you into giving up.”所以，综上所述，它不该
给你
找工作带来阻碍，引申意思就是该怎么办就怎么办，不要在意官方统计的高失业率。
58. Where do most job openings come from?
答案：B. Job turnover
解析：本题属于细节考查题。题干问大部
分的职位空缺来自于哪里？根据四个选项，可以用
排除法将business
expansion排除，因为原文并未提及。再剩下的三个选项中，根据原文第
二段的第一句job
growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much
asjob turnover data以及
turnovercreates more
openings than economic growth
does.可以确定人员更替（turnover）提供
了更多的职位空缺，因此答案为Job
turnover。
59. What does the author say
about overall job growth?
答案：A. It
doesn’t have much effect on individual job
seekers.
解析：本题继续考察作者观点。题干问作者对于整体就业增长（overall job
growth）的态度
是怎样的，可以定位到原文倒数第三段，关键是第一句：I don’t
mean to imply that overall job
growth doesn’t
have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. 此处用
到双重否定，“我并不是
说整体就业增长对一个人找工作没有丝毫影响”，也就是说“有一定影响，但是
没有那么大”
所以答案是A，而BCD选项的confidence，hope，job
security原文并未提及。
60. What is the key to
landing a job according to the author?
答案：C. Persistence
解析：本题属于细节考查题。定位原文倒数第二段第一句But what often
distinguishes those
who land jobs from those
who don’t is their ability to stay motivated.
关键词是stay motivated
61. What do we learn
from the passage about the unemployment figures in
the US?
答案：D. They exclude those who have
stopped looking for a job.
解析：本题属于细节考查题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句The Bureau of Labor
Statistics data
shows that 2.7 million people
who wanted and were available for work hadn’t
looked within the
last four weeks and
were no longer even classified as
unemployed.可知答案选D，那一部分人已
经被排除掉了，所以失业率这个数据是有水分的。
62. D. The elderly are in greater danger
of tumor growth.
63. C. They are doubtful
about its necessity.
64. B. It is a must
for adult women.
65. A. They want to
protect themselves against medical disputes.
66. A. The more, the better.
【点评】
这是一篇有关癌症筛查的文章。长期以来，人们认为对于老年人来说，随着年龄的增长，肿<
br>瘤生长造成的威胁就越大，所以医生建议他们进行各类常规的癌症筛查。但是近来，研究者
开始怀
疑它的必要性。当他们开始叫停50岁以下和74岁以上的妇女的乳腺癌筛查时，受惯
例根深蒂固影响的
人们掀起了轩然大波。不过，对于老年人来话说，癌症的风险还要和预期
寿命进行权衡。近期的调查还显
示很多医生让病人进行癌症筛查纯粹是为了在医疗事故中保
护自己，所以这篇反对了人们长期以来的对健
康检查的误解，即健康检查并非多多益善。
Passage
One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the
following passage.
As you are probably
aware, the latest job markets news isn’t good:
Unemployment
is still more than 9 percent, and
new job growth has fallen close to zero.
That’
s bad for the economy, of course. And it
may be especially discouraging if you happen
to be looking for a job or hoping to change
careers right now. But it actually shouldn’
t
matter to you nearly as much as you think.
That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to
job hunters as much as job
turnover (人员更替)
data. After all, existing jobs open up every day
due to
promotions, resignations,
terminations(解雇), and retirements. (Yes, people
are
retiring even in this economy.) In both
good times and bad, turnover creates more
openings than economic growth does. Even in
June of 2007, when the economy was still
moving ahead, job growth was only 132,000,
while turnover was 4.7 million!
And as it
turns out, even today — with job growth near zero
— over 4 million
job hunters are being hired
every month.
I don’t mean to imply that
overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on
one’
s ability to land a job. It’s true that if
total employment were higher, it would
mean
more jobs for all of us to choose from (and
compete for). And it’s true that
there are
currently more people applying for each available
job opening, regardless
of whether it’s a new
one or not.
But what often distinguishes
those who land jobs from those who don’t is their
ability to stay motivated. They’re willing to
do the hard work of identifying their
valuable
skills; be creative about where and how to look;
learn how to present
themselves to potential
employers; and keep going, even after repeated
rejections.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics
data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and
were available for work hadn’t looked within
the last four weeks and were no longer
even
classified as unemployed.
So don’t let the
headlines fool you into giving up. Four million
people get
hired every month in the U.S. You
can be one of them.
57. The author tends to
believe that high unemployment rate ______.
A) deprives many people of job
opportunities
B) prevents many people from
changing careers
C) should not stop people
from looking for a job
D) does not mean the
U.S. economy is worsening
58. Where do most
job openings come from?
A) Job growth. C)
Improved economy.
B) Job turnover.
D)Business expansion.
59. What does the
author say about overall job growth?
A) It
doesn’t have much effect on individual job
seekers.
B) It increases people’s confidence
in the economy.
C) It gives a ray of hope to
the unemployed.
D) It doesn’t mean greater
job security for the employed.
60. What is
the key to landing a job according to the author?
A) Education. C) Persistence.
B)
Intelligence. D) Experience.
61. What do we
learn from the passage about the unemployment
figures in the U.S.?
A) They clearly
indicate how healthy the economy is.
B) They
provide the public with the latest information.
C) They warn of the structural problems in
the economy.
D) They exclude those who have
stopped looking for a job.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following
passage.
Our risk of cancer rises
dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the
elderly should be routinely screened for new
tumors — or doesn’t it?
While such
vigilant(警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in
general,
researchers are increasingly
questioning whether all of this testing is
necessary
for the elderly. With the percentage
of people over age 65 expected to nearly double
by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health
benefits of screening against the risks
and
costs of routine testing.
In many cases,
screening can lead to surgeries to remove cancer,
while the
cancers themselves may be slow-
growing and may not pose serious health problems
in
patients’ remaining years. But the message
that everyone must screen for cancer
has
become so deep-rooted that when health care
experts recommended that women under
50 and
over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it
caused a riotous reaction among
doctors,
patients and advocacy groups.
It’s hard to
uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening
with scientific
data. Certainly, there are
people over age 75 who have had cancers detected
by routine
screening, and gained several extra
years of life because of treatment. And clearly,
people over age 75 who have other risk factors
for cancer, such as a family history
or prior
personal experience with the disease, should
continue to get screened
regularly. But for
the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased
at the end
of life, must be balanced with
other factors like remaining life
expectancy(预期
寿命).
A recent study
suggests that doctors start to make more objective
decisions about
who will truly benefit from
screening- especially considering the explosion of
the
elderly that will soon swell our
population.
It’s not an easy calculation to
make, but one that makes sense for all patients.
Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are
ordering screening tests purely to cover
themselves. We need to think about the
rational use of health care.”
That means
making some difficult decisions with elderly
patients, and going
against the misguided
belief that when it comes to health care, more is
always better.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62.
Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening
for elderly people?
A) It is believed to
contribute to long life.
B) It is
part of their health care package.
C) The
elderly are more sensitive about their health.
D) The elderly are in greater danger of
tumor growth.
63. How do some researchers
now look at routine cancer screening for the
elderly?
A) It adds too much to their
medical bills.
B) It helps increase their
life expectancy.
C) They are doubtful about
its necessity.
D) They think it does more
harm than good.
64. What is the conventional
view about women screening for breast cancer?
A) It applies to women over 50. C) It is optional
for young women.
B) It is a must for adult
women. D) It doesn’t apply to women over 74.
65. Why do many doctors prescribe routine
screening for cancer?
A) They want to
protect themselves against medical disputes.
B) They want to take advantage of the medical care
system.
C) They want data for medical
research.
D) They want their patients to
suffer less.
66. What does the author say is
the general view about health care?
A) The
more, the better. C) Better early than late.
B) Prevention is better than cure. D) Better care,
longer life.
57. The author tends to
believe that high unemployment rate ______?
答案：C. should not stop people from looking for
a job.
解析：本题重点考察作者观点。题干问在作者看来，高失业率怎么样？锁定原
文第一段，虽
然第一段中的bad for the
economy，discouraging，change careers等字眼跟选项ABD当中的
词汇很类似，但是要注意的是，真正表达作者观点的是第一段最后一句But it actually
shouldn’
t matter to you nearly as much as you
think。其实高失业率跟你没太大关系。包括原文最后一
段第一句“So don’t let
the headlines fool you into giving up.”所以，综上所述，它不该
给你
找工作带来阻碍，引申意思就是该怎么办就怎么办，不要在意官方统计的高失业率。
58. Where do most job openings come from?
答案：B. Job turnover
解析：本题属于细节考查题。题干问大部
分的职位空缺来自于哪里？根据四个选项，可以用
排除法将business
expansion排除，因为原文并未提及。再剩下的三个选项中，根据原文第
二段的第一句job
growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much
asjob turnover data以及
turnovercreates more
openings than economic growth
does.可以确定人员更替（turnover）提供
了更多的职位空缺，因此答案为Job
turnover。
59. What does the author say
about overall job growth?
答案：A. It
doesn’t have much effect on individual job
seekers.
解析：本题继续考察作者观点。题干问作者对于整体就业增长（overall job
growth）的态度
是怎样的，可以定位到原文倒数第三段，关键是第一句：I don’t
mean to imply that overall job
growth doesn’t
have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. 此处用
到双重否定，“我并不是
说整体就业增长对一个人找工作没有丝毫影响”，也就是说“有一定影响，但是
没有那么大”
所以答案是A，而BCD选项的confidence，hope，job
security原文并未提及。
60. What is the key to
landing a job according to the author?
答案：C. Persistence
解析：本题属于细节考查题。定位原文倒数第二段第一句But what often
distinguishes those
who land jobs from those
who don’t is their ability to stay motivated.
关键词是stay motivated
61. What do we learn
from the passage about the unemployment figures in
the US?
答案：D. They exclude those who have
stopped looking for a job.
解析：本题属于细节考查题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句The Bureau of Labor
Statistics data
shows that 2.7 million people
who wanted and were available for work hadn’t
looked within the
last four weeks and
were no longer even classified as
unemployed.可知答案选D，那一部分人已
经被排除掉了，所以失业率这个数据是有水分的。
62. D. The elderly are in greater danger
of tumor growth.
63. C. They are doubtful
about its necessity.
64. B. It is a must
for adult women.
65. A. They want to
protect themselves against medical disputes.
66. A. The more, the better.
【点评】
这是一篇有关癌症筛查的文章。长期以来，人们认为对于老年人来说，随着年龄的增长，肿<
br>瘤生长造成的威胁就越大，所以医生建议他们进行各类常规的癌症筛查。但是近来，研究者
开始怀
疑它的必要性。当他们开始叫停50岁以下和74岁以上的妇女的乳腺癌筛查时，受惯
例根深蒂固影响的
人们掀起了轩然大波。不过，对于老年人来话说，癌症的风险还要和预期
寿命进行权衡。近期的调查还显
示很多医生让病人进行癌症筛查纯粹是为了在医疗事故中保
护自己，所以这篇反对了人们长期以来的对健
康检查的误解，即健康检查并非多多益善。