化学是一门以实验为基础的科学-文峰论坛

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册完形填空与课后翻译
Unit 1
There are many paths to greatness. Some people go down in history for their 1)_ influential _
political leadership. Other are remembered for spectacular scientific 2)__ breakthroughs _ for composing
great symphonies, or writing 3)__ brilliant __ poetry. But whatever path they take, great people seem to
4)__ share __ a few common characteristics. They are relentlessly 5)__ optimistic __ and persistent; they
have both intellectual skills and the ability to work well with other people; and they love their work. In fact,
6)_ for _ these people, work is more like an obsession than a job. Of course, many of the questions about
greatness 7)__ remain __ , unanswered. What roles so genetics and environment 8)__ play __ in the
question ? How can we know who among our 9) contemporaries will be remembered as great and
which people, though famous today, will be 10)__ forgotten __ in the future? It’s also possible that our
11)_ view _ of who is great is not always fair or accurate. For example, the of 12)_ achievement__ women
are not recognized as often as they should y, we can’t even be 13)__ sure__ if it is really good to
be great. Maybe the happiest people are the normal ones. Normal people aren’t endowed 14)_ with _ what
it takes to be great, but they also don’t have to worry 15)_ about _ the burdens of history.

Unit 2
Gratitude is defined as the art of showing 1)__ appreciation __ for every kindness, great and small.
Usually, 2)__expressing _ gratitude costs very little, but its rewards can be great. When gratitude is owed
but not given, however, as when we 3)_ fail _ to recognize a generous act on someone else’s 4)_ part _,
this denial can lead to sore feelings, and even resentment. Sometimes, truly deep gratitude calls for personal
sacrifice. One 5) _ example __ is a mother of world war II soldier who traveled from her home
6)_ through __ the U. S. to visit the French family who had 7)___ sheltered ___ her son from Nazis. She
was driven to 8)__ do this unselfish generosity which this family had shown her son. But gratitude can
9)_ also _ be shown by very simple acts. We can start 10)__ by __ making sure that, in one way or another,
we thank the family members and 11)_ coworkers__ who help us every day. In sum, the 12)_ key _ to
gratitude is thoughtfulness, or 13)_ taking __ pains to consider the feeling of others as well as out own.
Being generous and 14)_ unselfish _ with our affection and sentiments is one thing we all can do to make
the world a more pleasant place. For all of these 15)_ reasons _ gratitude is something of which none of
us can give too much..

Unit 3
Traditional western ways of thinking can often lead to an 1)_ impasse _ when we are confronting a
truly difficult problem. This happened to Dr. Edward Jenner when he was trying to 2)_ come _ up with a
vaccine for the deadly disease known as smallpox. Jenner was 3)_ able _ to solve the problem he faced
by changing the 4)_ framework within which he looked at it. Rather than focusing on people who had
smallpox, he 5) looked carefully at those who seemed never to get the disease. This change in
6)_ tactics _ is an example of what is known as “lateral thinking.” The term means choosing not to
approach a problem head- on, but instead looking at it 7)__ sideways _. In lateral thinking, being able to
take in and 8)_ consider _ all kinds of ideas, no matter how unlikely they might seem, is of the
9)_ utmost _ significance. Lateral thinking can help all kinds of people, from smokers who want to give
- 1 -

10)__ up _ their habit, to archers who need to relax in order to perform 11)_ at _ their best. This idea does
not 12)_ imply that solutions which come from vertical thinking are always deeply
13) flawed _ . The truth is that different ways of thinking have different 14)_ advantages when you get
stuck struggling with a problem head-on, thinking laterally can help you to shift your point of view and
perhaps see a 15)_ solution you wouldn’t other wise notice.

Unit 4
A recent educational experiment showed that the difference between “gifted” children and regular
ones may have as much as to do with 1)__expectations__ as with intelligence. An elementary school
teacher was 2)_deceived__ into thinking that her students were above average in intelligence. She then
3)__managed__ to get them to do outstanding work, even though their true IQs were well within the
normal range. It seems that her belief in her students’ intelligence was enough to turn them 4)_into_ better
’s difficult to 5)__pinpoint __exactly how such beliefs are expressed. It 6)__may __have to do
with how a teacher talks to the class: many positive, supportive expressions and few expressions of
impatience, annoyance, or 7)__irritation__.Non-verbal communication, including 8)_facial __expressions,
probably plays a role too. But one thing is clear: labels and expectations 9)__strongly _ influence results.
Outside of the classroom, labeling can, as 10) often__ as not, have a negative effect. The labels we put on
different social groups are usually not 11)__inclusive__. In fact, they are often sexist or racist. Of
12)__course__ , there is good and bad in all kinds of people. But we 13)__tend__to accept some ideas
about certain groups more readily than about others. The school experiment shows that such labels have a
14)__great__ deal of power. But when labels are unfair and negative they can be very 15)__damaging__.

Unit 1
1.美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分。家庭和教育背景这些特点被认为是不太重要的。
Americans tend to define people by the jobs they havedo. Such characteristics as their family and
educational backgrounds are considered less important.
2.他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍它的雇主，并最终递交了辞职书的原因。
His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and
eventually submitted his resignation.
3.如果你真想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，否则你就不会有任何进步。 对于其他课
程也可以这么说。
If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you will go
nowhere. The same can be said of other subjects.
4.有些演员的名声靠的是他们天生的美貌，但是达斯汀ㆍ霍夫曼（Dustin Hoffman）尽管身材矮小
（short stature）, 还是出类拔萃，而使他与众不同的正是他精湛的演技。
Some actors’ fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose
above and it is his excellent acting that sets him apart. < br>5.他负责管理之后，我们发现他与前任（predecessor）有明显的不同：他有干劲和激情，想 出了很
多新点子，并把工作重点放在如何鼓舞我们的士气上。
After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his
predecessor. He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on
how to raise our morale.
- 2 -

6.当邓小平 宣布中国改革开放政策的时候，他被永远载入史册。尽管障碍重重，他以不懈的努力为
我国的现代化作出 了永久性的贡献。
Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China’s reform and opening-up policy. Despite
tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our country’s modernization with his
unrelenting efforts.
7.为什么有人拥有天才级智商却被智 商平平但很刻苦的人丢在后面?承认除了智商外，还有很多别的
因素与一个认得成就有着很大的关系。
Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It
has to be acknowledged that besides one’s IQ, many other factors have much to do with one’s
achievements.
8.这位教师真了不起，她能在教东西之前调动学生的积极性。 这并不是因为她有天赋，而是因为她
只想着在课堂上吸引他们的注意力。
This teacher is really remarkable in motivating her students so she can really teach them something.
It’s not that she is talented, it’s that she focuses completely on drawing their full attention in class.

Unit 2
1.他瞪眼看着约翰，对他拒绝合作感到恼怒。
He glared at John and was annoyed by his denial of cooperation.

2.约翰真诚的讲话表达了他对那些在他处于困境时给过他慷慨帮助的人们感激之情。
John’s sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him generous help when he was
in difficulty.
3.他可说是一个集邮家。他曾经积蓄了两年去买一张珍邮这件事便是证明。
He is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp
is roof of it.
4.这些玫瑰的美丽怎么评价也不过分。它们以各种方式吸引住了所有的游客。
The beauty of these roses could not be overstated. They tookcaught all the visitors’s fancy in one way
or another.
5.起先，他理所当然地认为该地区应当多造一些公路。 然而仔细计算费用后，他在作出最后决定前
有不得不重新考虑了。
At first he took it for granted that they should build more highways in this area. Then a careful
calculation of the expenditure compelled him to think twice before he made the final decision.
6.每次收到我的礼物，不管多少，我的朋友比尔决不忘记表示感激。
Each time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my friend Bill never fails to acknowledge
it.
7.那位新闻记者决定找到那位老夫妇心中提及的年轻人。那封信赞赏了年轻人为使 他们的生活条件
更为惬意而付出的努力。
The journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to in the old couple’s letter, which is a
tribute to the young man’s effort at improving their living conditions.
8.虽然他厌烦了那些每天上门来吹嘘起产品的推销员，但他克制着没有将他们推之门外。
Though he was fed up with the salesman who knocked at his door and boasted about their products
every day, he refrained from slamming the door in their face.

- 3 -

Unit 3
1.汤姆因一问题而心神不宁但又一筹莫展，直到他学会以不同的策略把它解决才不心烦。
Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until he learnt to solve it with
different tactics.
2.横向思维帮助他提出了原来似乎走进死胡同的新理论。
Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had seemed to have reach a dead
end.
3.我们最新的建设计划的框架已获得地方政府的批准。它是否会按时实施对这座沿海城市的发展具
有 极为重大的意义。
The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by the local government. Whether
it will be carried out on time is of the utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.
4.在设法寻找一个解决问 题的办法的过程中,爱德华在思想上陷入了僵局，但后来他改变了观察角度，
以一种完全意想不到的方式 解决了问题。
While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an impasse in his thinking, but later
he changed his point of view and solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.
5.许多人认为计算机机房将最终取代图书馆，想吸收新知识的学生最终将在计算机机房里学习一切。
Many people believe that computer labs will eventually take over from the libraries and students who
want to take in new knowledge will end up learning everything in the computer lab.


6.昨天他的汽车几乎是迎头撞上了一辆卡车。如果他继续这样随便 开车，我确信他最后一定会被送
进医院的急诊室。
Yesterday his car crashed into a truck almost head-on. If he does not stop driving so carelessly, I am
sure he will wind up in the emergency room of a hospital.
7.这幅画的结构设计有一个缺点。你为什么不擦掉那几条垂线，把它简化一点呢？
There is a flaw in the structural design of the painting. Why don’t you erase the vertical lines and
simplify it a little bit?
8.约翰本该在很久以前就把烟戒掉了。毕竟健康对每个人来说都是最重要的。
John should have given up smoking a long time ago. After all, health is of the utmost importance to
everybody.

Unit 4
1.学校应避免仅按学生考试成绩 来判别孰优孰劣并以此对待他们。相反，好的教育体制应使每一位
学生都能达到良好的水准，成为全面发 展的人。
Schools should avoid deciding who are superior only in terms of the students’ exam results and
treating them accordingly. Instead, a good educational system should enable every student to
measure up to good standards as well-rounded people.
2.大学生课后有问题时，往往在办公时间之外不 容易找到老师。这是由于教师繁忙的学术研究，而
不是他们对学生漠不关心。
As often as not, when college students have questions after class, their teachers are not readily
available except during office hours. This is due to teachers’ busy academic research, rather than
their indifference to the students.
3 .这个班级由40名学生组成，他们中大部分按英语水平过去常被归在中等之列。但由于这位老师从
- 4 -

不在言辞中表露出不耐烦，学生们对他的教学方法产生了积极的反应，从而没有辜负他的期望。
This class consists of forty students, most of whom used to be labeled average in terms of English
level. But as this teacher has never shown any verbal impatience, the students have reacted positively
to his teaching methods and lived up to his expectations.
4.在美国，教书变得越来越难了， 部分原因是学生越来越多样的种族背景以及需要另外培训才能掌
握的更为复杂的教学技术。
Teaching is becoming increasingly demanding in the the United States, due in part to the diversity of
students racial background and the complexity of educational technologies that require additional
training.
5.英国人经常被归类为保守 型，显然这一归类带有成见。实际上，英国在民族特性方面与其他欧洲
国家相比并没有太大的差异。他们 有礼貌，爱整洁，讲秩序，充满自信
The English are, as often as not, labeled conservative. Obviously this label is prejudiced. In reality,
Britain is not very different from other European countries in terms of national characteristics. They
are polite, neat, orderly and confident.
6.有些年轻人在成长过程中有着要求 独立的强烈愿望。他们宁可通过自己的努力来渡过生活中的困
难，也不愿意带着负罪感求助于他们的父母 。
Some young people grow up with a strong desire for independence. They would rather try hard to go
through life on their own than turn to their parents for help with a sense of guilt.
7.你的朋友对你非常真诚，你也应该同样以诚相待，决不应该欺骗他，或者带着讽刺的口吻谈论他的挫折。
Your friend treats you sincerely, so you should respond accordingly and mustn’t deceive him or talk
about his setbacks with irony.
8.邻居们恼火的原因是他们发出的噪音，但是由于他们一再保证夜间停工，从而得以完成这套公寓
的 装潢。
The neighbor’s irritationannoyance was due to the noise they made. However, because of
reassurances that they would stop working at night, they went through with the decoration of this
apartment.


- 5 -