最新21世纪大学英语读写教程4第一单元课文中英对照
河北大学招生办-8月节日
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21世纪大学英语读写教程复习资料
Unit1
1.当
阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是个小男孩的时候，他在学校里的成绩很差，老师
们都觉得他反应迟钝。拿破仑-
波拿巴年轻时只是法国陆军中几百名炮兵中
尉中的一名。没有接受过什么正规教育的乔治-
华盛顿，十几岁时不是受训
当兵而是受训做土地测量员。
As a young boy,
Albert Einstein did so poorly in school that
teachers thought he
was slow. The young
Napoleon Bonaparte was just one of hundreds of
artillery
lieutenants in the French Army. And
the teenage George Washington, with little
formal education, was being trained not as a
soldier but as a land surveyor.
2.
尽管他
们的起步平淡无奇，但是后来个个都青史留名。究竟是什么使他
们成了伟人呢？是否他们生来就有什么特
别？亦或他们的伟大与生逢其
时、与献身精神，也许与一种坚定的个性更为有关？
Despite their unspectacular beginnings, each
would go on to carve a place for
himself in
history. What was it that enabled them to become
great? Were they
born with something special?
Or did their greatness have more to do with
timing, devotion and, perhaps, an
uncompromising personality?
3.
几十年来，科学
家们一直在问这样的问题。在过去几年里，他们已经发
现了一些情况，这些情况有助于解释为什么有些人
出类拔萃，而另一些人----
也许同样具有才华----
却被抛在了后面。他们的发现可能对我们每个人都有
意义。
For decades,
scientists have been asking such questions. And,
in the past few
years, they have found
evidence to help explain why some people rise
above,
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while
others—similarly talented, perhaps—are left
behind. Their findings could
have implications
for us all.
4.
谁是伟人？伟人的定义取决于如何衡量成功。但标准
还是有的。“对人类
文明做出永久性贡献的人是伟大的，”基思-西蒙顿院长说。他是加州大学戴
维斯分校的一名心理学教授，是1994年出版的《伟大：谁创造了历史，原
因何在》一书的作者。但
他又提醒说：“有时候伟人并没有被载入史册。许
多女性取得了巨大成就，或者颇具影响力，但却没有得
到公认。
Who is great? Defining who is great
depends on how one measures success. But
there
are some criteria. who has made a lasting
contribution to
human civilization is
great,said Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of
psychology at the University of California at
Davis and author of the 1994 book
Greatness:
Who Makes History and Why. But he added a word of
caution:
achieved great things or were
influential but went unrecognized.
5.
在
这本书的写作中，西蒙顿融合了关于伟大人物的历史知识以及遗传学、
精神病学和社会科学领域的最新发
现。他所聚焦的伟人包括获得过诺贝尔
奖、领导过伟大国家或打赢过战争、谱写过流芳百世的交响乐、或
在科学、
哲学、政治、艺术上引起过巨变的男女人物。虽然他没有一个公式来解释
有些人怎样或
者怎么出类拔萃（涉及的因素太多了），但他却提出了一些共
同的特点。
In
writing his book, Simonton combined historical
knowledge about great
figures with recent
findings in genetics, psychiatry and the social
sciences. The
great figures he focused on
include men and women who have won Nobel
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Prizes, led great nations or
won wars, composed symphonies that have endured
for centuries, or revolutionized science,
philosophy, politics or the arts. Though
he
doesn't have a formula to define how or why
certain people rise above (too
many factors
are involved), he has come up with a few common
characteristics.
6.
一种“永不屈服”的态度。西蒙顿说，如
果成就巨大者具有什么共性的
话，那就是一种坚持不懈地追求成功的动力。“往往有人认为他们具备一些
超常非凡的东西，”他解释道。“但研究表明，有些伟人并没有惊人的智力,
有的只是程度上的
差异而已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神
的基础之上的。”
A
it
is an unrelenting drive to succeed.
endowed
with something super-normal,
the research is
that there are great people who have no amazing
intellectual
processes. It's a difference in
degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous
amounts of study, practice and
devotion.
7.
他举了二战时期的英国首相温斯顿-丘吉尔作为永不放弃敢
于冒险的典
范。丘吉尔在全国士气最为低落的时候被推上了台，并出色地领导了英国
人民。在1
940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全
国人民，“我们决不会退缩、永不失败
。我们一定要坚持到底......我们永远
不会屈服。”
He cited
Winston Churchill, Britain's prime minister during
World War II, as an
example of a risk-taker
who would never give up. Thrust into office when
his
country's morale was at its lowest,
Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British
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people. In a speech
following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in
1940, he
inspired the nation when he said,
the end...We shall never surrender.
8.
你会天生就伟大吗？西蒙顿经过研究丘吉尔在历史上的作用----
通过研究
其他政治和军事领袖的作用----发现了一个惊人的模式：“长子长女和独生子
女往
往会成为危难时期的优秀领导者：他们习惯于承担责任。但是在和平
时期，中间出生的人们是更好的领袖
；他们更善于倾听不同利益群体的呼
声，作出必需的妥协。独生子丘吉尔就很典型。他在危难中是伟大的
，但
是在和平时期却并不称职----甚至于不得人心。”
Can you be born
great? In looking at Churchill's role in
history—as well as the
roles of other
political and military leaders—Simonton discovered
a striking
pattern: and only children tend to
make good leaders in time of
crisis: They're
used to taking charge. But middle-borns are better
as peacetime
leaders: They listen to different
interest groups better and make the necessary
compromises. Churchill, an only child, was
typical. He was great in a crisis, but
in
peacetime he was not effective—not even
popular.
9.
生逢其时是又一个因素。“如果你把乔治?华盛顿放在20世
纪，他作为一
个政治家将一事无成，”西蒙顿宣称。“他不善于公开演讲，他也不喜欢同
公众握
手。反之，我看富兰克林?罗斯福若在华盛顿的时代也很难有所作为。
火炉边谈话是不会有收音机来为他
广播的。”
Timing is another factor.
20th
century he would go nowhere as a
politician,
not an effective public speaker,
and he didn't like shaking hands with the public.
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On the other hand,
I'm not sure Franklin Roosevelt would have done
well in
Washington's time. He wouldn't have
had the radio to do his fireside chats.
10.
你会过于太聪明吗？西蒙顿有一个出人意料的发现，许多政治和军事领
袖虽然很聪明，但并非过
于聪明。他解释说，超过了一定程度，有效沟通
的能力等其它因素比智商测试测得的先天智力更为重要。
西蒙顿说，最具
才智的美国总统----如托马斯-杰斐逊，伍德罗-威尔逊和约翰-F-
肯尼迪等----
好不容易才当选总统，而其他智商接近于平均水平的人（如沃沦-G-哈定）
却在竞选中大获全胜。因为还涉及到政治和经济因素，所以具备天才的智
商并不一定会成为伟大领袖。
Can you be too smart? One surprise among
Simonton's findings is that many
political and
military leaders have been bright but not overly
so. Beyond a
certain point, he explained,
other factors, like the ability to communicate
effectively, become more important than innate
intelligence as measured by an
IQ test. The
most intelligent U.S. Presidents, for
example—Thomas Jefferson,
Woodrow Wilson and
John F. Kennedy—had a hard time getting elected,
Simonton said, while others with IQs closer to
the average (such as Warren G.
Harding) won by
landslides. While political and economic factors
also are
involved, having a genius IQ is not
necessary to be a great leader.
11.
<
br>在科学领域，西蒙顿补充说，那些具有“天才级”智商的人确实更有可
能获得承认。然而，事实也
表明克服传统的思维方式也许同样重要。
In the sciences, those
with levelIQs do have a better chance at
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achieving recognition, added
Simonton. Yet evidence also indicates that
overcoming traditional ways of thinking may be
just as important.
12. 他提到最近的一项研究：给大学生们一系
列数据，问他们能否找出一种
数学关系。几乎三分之一的人找了出来。他们并不知道他们刚刚解出的是<
br>历史上最著名的科学等式之一：行星运动第三定律，约翰尼斯-
开普勒在
1618年发现了一个等式。
He pointed to one recent
study where college students were given a set of
data
and were asked to see if they could come
up with a mathematical relation.
Almost a
third did. What they did not know was that they
had just solved one of
the most famous
scientific equations in history: the Third Law of
Planetary
Motion, an equation that Johannes
Kepler came up with in 1618.
13.
西蒙顿说，开普勒的天才并不在于解决了一道数学难题， 而在于用一
种独特的方式思考数字
----将数学知识运用到对行星运动的观测之中。正是
他的胆识使他与众不同。
Kepler's genius, Simonton said, was not so
much in solving a mathematical
challenge. It
was in thinking about the numbers in a unique
way—applying his
mathematical knowledge to his
observations of planetary motion. It was his
boldness that set him apart.
14.
热
爱工作。童年时，爱因斯坦迷上了磁铁同金属相吸的现象。“他忍不
住要去想这种东西，”西蒙顿指出。
“他16岁就对物理学的问题着了迷，并
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从未停止过对它们的研究。所以他在26岁时作出重大的贡献也就不足为怪
了。”
Love your work. As a child, Einstein became
fascinated with the way magnets
are drawn to
metal. couldn't stop thinking about this
stuff,Simonton
pointed out.
16, and he
never stopped working on them. It's not surprising
that he made
major contributions by the time
he was 26.
15.
“对我们大多数人来说，并不是我们没有这
能力，”西蒙顿补充说，“而
是我们没有投入时间。你一定要投入精力，并承受一切挫折和障碍。”
that we don't devote the time. You
have to put in the effort and put up with all
the frustrations and obstacles.
16.
像其他有创造性的天才一样，爱因斯坦的动力并非对名誉的渴望，西蒙
顿说。相反，是他对工作的痴迷
使他与众不同。
Like other creative geniuses, Einstein
was not motivated by a desire for fame,
said
Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his work was
what set him apart.
17.
这样的动力来自何处仍是一个谜。但它几乎在一切有创造性的天才身上
都能找到----
无论他们的才华是否得到同代人的认可。
Where such drive comes from
remains a mystery. But it is found in nearly all
creative geniuses—whether or not their genius
is acknowledged by
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contemporaries.
18.
“艾米莉-
迪金森的诗歌直到她去世后被人承认，”西蒙顿说。“但她不
是为了名而写的。詹姆斯-
乔伊斯也是如此，他没有多费时间去担心有多少
人会读他的《为芬尼根守灵》。”
Simonton.
Joyce, who didn't spend a
lot of time worrying about how many people would
read Finnegans Wake.
19.
如今，研究者们有证据
证明，对工作的内在热情是出类拔萃的一个关键。
现任哈佛大学工商管理教授特蕾莎-
阿玛贝尔1985年在布兰代斯大学主持
的一项研究中，要求一批专业作家----
其中没有一位是有名气的----各写一首
短诗。当时每位作家被随机分别编到三个小组中：一个小组要
求记住是为
金钱而写；另一个小组要求想着只为消遣而写；第三个小组则没有给任何
指示。
Today, researchers have evidence that an
intrinsic passion for one's work is a
key to
rising above. In a 1985 study at Brandeis
University conducted by Teresa
Amabile, now a
professor of business administration at Harvard
University, a
group of professional
writers—none famous—were asked to write a short
poem.
Each writer was then randomly placed in
one of three groups: One group was
asked to
keep in mind the idea of writing for money;
another was told to think
about writing just
for pleasure; and a third group was given no
instruction at all.
20.
然后这些诗歌匿名交给一个由专业作家组成的评判小组进行评审。想着
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为金钱而写作的人所写的诗歌排名最低。那些想着只为消遣而写作的
人写
得最好。“从对工作的喜爱中获得的动力起着重要的作用，”阿玛贝尔说。
The poems then were submitted anonymously to a
panel of professional writers
for evaluation.
The poetry written by people who thought about
writing for
money ranked lowest. Those who
thought about writing just for pleasure did
the best. that comes from enjoying the work
makes a significant
difference,
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