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2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(一) 如何精读

精读是一种 为了达到对文章的充分理解而进行的阅读。具体地说，在理解方面，要求对文章
的词、句、段、篇进行深 入地分析和思考。精读的过程是从形式到内容、从内容到形式、从
部分到整体、从整体到部分的反复研读 过程。完形填空这种题型是要求精读的题型。精读要
注意以下几点：读思结合，全面理解、逐次研读，即 逐字逐句，逐段逐章地去钻研，做到精
细理解，全面把握；并对文中的关键词句，要仔细品味，推敲琢磨 ，达到理解透彻。
[高考典例] 2012•安徽卷•完形填空
When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and I had a __36__
problem and had to go to hospital for a __37__ examination.
It seemed a small __38__ compared to the one I was about to face, but things started to go
__39__ right from the beginning. Not having a car or __40__ the city, I was depending on a
couple of buses to get me from A to B．__41__ I'd left myself plenty of time, soon it was __42__ I
was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the __43__
direction.
I __44__ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a
__45__， who was trying to get past me.__46__， instead of moving on, she stopped to ask if I
was __47__.After I explained my __48__ to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street,
where a bus would take me back into the city to my __49__.Sitting there waiting, I felt __50__
that someone had been willing to help.__51__， hearing a horn (喇叭) nearby, I looked up to see
a car with my new friend __52__ at me to get had returned to offer me a __53__ to the
hospital.
Such unexpected __54__ from a passer­by was a lovely gift to I climbed out of the car
at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose __55__， for all things
are possible.
36．al B．traveling
C．social D．housing
37．ific B．final
C．previous D．thorough
38． B．challenge
C．success D．error
39． B．easy
C．fast D．ahead
40．g B．visiting
C．knowing D．appreciating
41．gh B．Since
C．Unless D．Once
42．e B．necessary
C．obvious D．important
43． B．right
C．general D．opposite
44． at B．waited for
C．got off D．ran into
45． B．friend

C．stranger D．gentleman
46．ally B．Surprisingly
C．Probably D．Normally
47．s B．excited
C．OK D．dangerous
48． B．motivation
C．excuse D．situation
49．tment B．apartment
C．direction D．station
50． B．grateful
C．certain D．disappointed
51． B．Then
C．Perhaps D．Surely
52．g B．laughing
C．waving D．shouting
53． B．suggestion
C．bike D．guidebook
54．s B．news
C．kindness D．appearance
55． B．faith
C．touch D．support
[四个精读策略]
1．理清文章所用人称
本文是以第一人称即从“参与者”的角度进行叙述，读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和
情感 。使用第三人称的记叙文是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，显得语气比较客观。
2．了解文章结构形式
本文按时间先后顺序安排情节和内容，其优点是条理清楚、层次分明。但是在有些记叙文作
者可 能会采用插叙甚至倒叙的写作手法。
3．知晓记叙文六大要素
这篇文章的六个要素为：人物：I and a stranger；时间：when I settled in Chicago；地点：Chicago；
事件：去看医生途中迷路；原因：had a __36__ problem and had to go to hospital for a __37__
examination；结果：得到陌生人的帮助。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。
4．明确作者写作目的
就事论事肯定不是记叙的目的，而是通过叙述阐明一个道理。这篇文章 的写作目的在文章的
结尾处，即“..._not_to_lose_faith,_for_all_ things_are_possible.”。
[三个精读步骤]
第一步：速读全文，理清主线，把握主旨
1．本文的两条主线：
明线(事件发展) ：生病看医生→坐错公交车→站在路边不知所措→陌生人提供帮助→到达医
院；
暗线(心理变化)：感觉到城市的陌生(unfriendly)→遇到问题感到迷茫(not knowing what to do)
→得到帮助心情明朗(a lovely gift)
2．文章大意：本文讲述了作者初到芝加哥人生地不熟时的一次受人帮助的愉快经历。
第二步：逐句推敲，瞻前顾后，顺藤摸瓜

1．逐句推敲，理清联系，找出主题句
本文的主题句为：As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled
and told me not to lose __55__， for all things are possible.
2．瞻前顾后，锁定信息词，比对选项
以第一段为例，第一段的信息词为：so big and unfriendly; go to hospital。
3．顺藤摸瓜，敲定答案 由第一段所提供的信息词可知作者对于这个城市的态度以及作者的身体状况，故36题顺理
成章的应 选physical“身体的”；选出36空后，顺藤摸瓜可知，37空作者去医院作“全面的
(tho rough)”的检查。
第三步：通读全文，统筹兼顾，重点击破
带着已选答案，迅速通读 全文，着眼一个“通”字，保证语义通顺，逻辑合理，符合作者情
感历程轨迹；否则，不通则变，重新考 虑所选选项。
[课下语篇提能练] 40分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019•广东省百校联盟第二次联考)Many people wrongly think that cities don't have farms and
that fruits and vegetables are only grown in the e it or not, there are more and
more urban farms popping up in cities all over the world.
Alexandra Sullivan, a food system researcher in New York City, studies urban
agriculture is another name for farming and gardening in a city an studies
everything from tiny gardens in empty lots between buildings to bigger fields that have been
planted and ing to an, “Urban agriculture has existed since cities have,
across the world.”
The number of humans living in urban areas, or cities, is amount of people who
want to garden in urban areas is also an says, “In small gardens, on rooftops and
indoors, they grow fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and raise animals to produce milk, eggs,
honey, and use these foods as supplements to food produced by rural agriculture.”
Even though some people who live in urban areas grow crops, urban residents still need to rely
on food grown in rural is because a city doesn't have enough space to grow enough
food for everyone living in it.
In New York City, urban farmers have come up with many different ways to grow their own
produce, even though there isn't a lot of example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming
operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York together, the farms are made
up of 2.5 acres of rooftop makes Brooklyn Grange one of the largest rooftop farming
operations in the world.
Brooklyn Grange grows all kinds of farming company sells its vegetables to local
residents and because the farms are on rooftops, they are specially adapted to
their urban use available space that is not needed for anything more urban
farmers find ways to grow food in cities, urban residents will be better able to get fresher
materials for their meals.
语篇解读：许多人认为城市里没有农场，水果和蔬菜仅生长在农村。实际上，越来越多的都
市农 场在世界各地的城市里流行起来。
1．Which of the following is an's opinion according to the text?
A．The number of people living in cities is increasing slowly.
B．Urban residents still rely on food grown in rural areas completely.

C．Urban agriculture has a history as long as cities.
D．Urban agriculture can provide huge income.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“According to an, ‘Urban agriculture
has existed since cities have, across the world.’”可知，Sullivan女士认为都市农业拥有与城市
一样长的历史，故选C。
2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Farmers. B．City residents.
C．Rural residents. D．Companies.
解析：选B 代词指代题。根据第三段前两句可知，住在城市里的人的数量 在增长，想要在
城市里从事园艺的人的数量也在增长，并结合该段Sullivan所说的话可推断th ey指的是“城
市居民”，故选B。
3．What can we learn about Brooklyn Grange in New York City from the text?
A．It has large farming areas.
B．It can only grow single products.
C．It produces enough food for citizens.
D．It makes use of rooftop space to grow vegetables.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming
operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City.”可知，Brooklyn Grange利用
屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜，故选D。
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Farms in Cities
B．Future Food System
C．Food Grown in Cities
D．Agriculture of New York City
解析：选A 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述城市里的都市农场，城市居民利用
有限 的空间，充分利用屋顶，花园和室内种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草，并饲养动物。文章
就是围绕城市农场 这一中心展开的，因此A项作为标题最合适。
Ⅱ.完形填空
On June 23, 1970, I had just left the Army after completing my one­year duty in Vietnam. I was on
__1__returning home in Texas. I had been warned about the __2__of our fellow countrymen.
There was no __3__ welcome for us when we came home from that unpopular war.
I sat, in uniform, in a window seat，__4__eye contact with my fellow passengers. No one was
sitting next to me, which added to my __5__. A little girl suddenly appeared in the passage. She
__6__ and, without saying a word，__7__handed me a magazine. I accepted her __8__， her
quiet “welcome home.” All I could say was, “Thank you.” Her small gesture of __9__was the
first I had experienced in a long time.
I always believe in the connection between __10__ when they reach out to one another.
That girl __11__ has no memory of what happened years ago. She might have been told to do
that by her mother. It doesn't __12__ why she gave me the magazine. The __13__ thing is what
she did.
Since then, I have followed her example and tried in different ways for different people, to do the
__14__ for them. Like me on that plane ride long ago, they will __15__ know why a stranger gave
a hand. But I absolutely know that my __16__ since then are all because of that little girl. Her
kindness of offering a magazine to a __17__， scared and lonely soldier has been __18__

throughout my life. I have to believe that my small __19__ have the same effect on others. And
to that little girl, now a __20__， I would like to say again: thank you.
语篇解读：作者在 越南服役一年后回到美国。在回国的飞机上，他感到孤独冷落。一个小女
孩给作者送去了一本杂志，并对 他说“欢迎回家”，这件事情让作者颇为感激。从那时起，
作者以小女孩为榜样，以不同的方式为身边不 同的人带去温暖和友善。
1． B．train
C．plane D．boat
解析：选C 根据常识可知从越南回到美国的Texas应该会坐飞机(plane)。下文“on that plane”
亦是提示。
2．s B．difficulties
C．unfriendliness D．enthusiasm
解析：选C 根据下句“when we came home from that unpopular war”可知，“我”曾被警
告过我们同胞的不友好(unfriendliness)。
3．wn B．school
C．country D．classroom
解析：选A 根据“when we came home from that unpopular war”可知，家乡(hometown)
不欢迎我们。
4．g B．noticing
C．keeping D．avoiding
解析：选D 根据上文的背景可知，“我”穿着制服，坐在靠窗的座位上，避免(avoid)目光
和其他乘客接触。
5． B．loneliness
C．anger D．excitement
解析：选B 没人坐在作者身边，更加增加了作者的孤独(loneliness)。下文“lonely soldier”
亦是提示。
6． B．listened
C．turned D．bent
解析：选A 一个小女孩突然出现在通道，她微笑(smiled)着，一句话也没说，递给“我”
一本杂志。
7．lly B．proudly
C．shyly D．worriedly
解析：选C 根据上文她微笑着，一句话也没说可知，女孩是有些害羞地(shyly)递给“我”
一本杂志。
8． B．donation
C．accompany D．contact
解析：选A 作者接受小女孩的杂志，和女孩小声说的“欢迎回家”。小女孩是主动递给作
者杂 志的，故选offer符合语境。donation“捐赠”；accompany“陪伴”；contact“ 联系，接
触”。
9．tion B．sympathy
C．agreement D．inspiration
解析：选B 根据上文“No one was sitting next to me”可知，作者长时间没有体会过别人的
这份体恤和同情(sympathy)。
10．rs B．strangers
C．families D．girls

解析：选B 根据上下文可知，作者与这个女孩之间并不认识，是陌生人(stranger)的关系。
11．rly B．finally
C．immediately D．undoubtedly
解析：选D 上文可知，作者参加了一次不得人心的战争，回来的飞机上 大家对他都有偏见，
这个女孩却对他颇为友好，可见作者认为女孩无疑(undoubtedly)对几 年前发生的(关于战争
的)事情没有记忆。
12． B．operate
C．matter D．comment
解析：选C 她给“我”杂志的原因并不重要。it doesn't matter ...意为“……没有关系不太
重要”。
13．ble B．satisfactory
C．important D．valuable
解析：选C 重要的是她所做的，她给了作者一份友善和同情。
14． B．other
C．one D．only
解析：选A 从那时起，“我”以她为榜样，以不同的方式对待不同的人，像那个女孩一样
对待他们，do the same这里指的是像女孩一样对身边的人友好。
15． B．never
C．happily D．obviously
解析：选B 就像自己当年在飞机上一样，他们永远不会(never)知道为什么一个陌生人会伸
出援助之手。
16．gs B．ideas
C．models D．attempts
解析：选D 但“我”绝对知道，“我”这样努力尝试(attempt)都是因为那个小女孩。
17． B．young
C．excited D．tired
解析：选D 飞机上作者那时候的情况是一个疲惫(tired)、恐惧和孤独的人。
18．ed B．spread
C．honored D．neglected
解析：选B 根据上文作 者也要这样做可知，在作者看来，小女孩对他的这份善举在他的生
活中蔓延开来，传播下去，故选spr ead。
19．s B．benefits
C．measures D．sacrifices
解析：选A 作者相信，自己的小小行为(actions)对别人也有同样的效果。
20．er B．wife
C．mother D．woman
解析：选D 这么多年过去了，当年的小女孩应该现在是一个女士(woman)，作者要对她再
说一次谢谢。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Yu Rong, a Chinese artist, thinks of a new way to introduce __1__ ancient story of Hua Mulan in
her picture book. In the book, I Am Hua Mulan, she tells the story by __2__ (combine)
paper­cutting with international artistic styles. She places Shaanxi paper­cuts over western­style
pencil sketches (素描) __3__ (create) a typical presentation of Chinese elements (元素), which
turns out to be a __4__ (success) and impressive breakthrough.

Hua Mulan, __5__ story has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern
Wei Dynasty (386－534). As a devoted daughter, she dressed herself as a man to serve in the
army __6__ place of her father. Mulan's characteristics, such as courage, kindness and a
disinterested attitude toward fame and fortune, made __7__ (she) one of the most respected
historical Chinese heroines. Mulan's story has been adapted __8__ ( frequent) in modern
media, including TV shows, video games and literature. For example, in 1998, Disney produced a
film named Mulan, which __9___ (consider) a great success by critics and the public.
To better tell the story, Yu Rong takes inspiration from her several __10__ (visit) to sites of
ancient battles and Henan Province's Yuju Opera. After years of preparation she finally makes this
extraordinary work.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国艺术家郁蓉创作的中国元素图画书《我是花
木兰》。
1．the 考查冠词。此处指关于花木兰的古老故事，表示特指用定冠词，故填the。
2．combining 考查非谓语动词。介词后应用动名词形式，故填combining。
3．to create 考查非谓语动词。此处需用动词不定式表示目的，她把陕西剪纸放在西式素< br>描上是为了创造出有典型中国元素的一种画作呈现形式，故填to create。
4．successful 考查形容词。and连接并列结构，后面是形容词impressive( 印象深刻的)，空
格处需填successful，一起修饰breakthrough。
5．whose 考查定语从句。花木兰是先行词，在定语从句中做story的定语，故填whose。
6．in 考查介词。in place of是固定短语，意为“替代”，故填in。
7．her 考查代词。动词后用代词的宾格，故填her。
8．frequently 考查副词。修饰动词adapted，应用副词，故填frequently。
9．was considered 考查动词的时态和语态。which指代a film，与consider之间为被动关系，
再结合时间状语“in 1998”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was considered。
10．visits 考查名词复数。several后应接可数名词复数，故填visits。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019•河南驻马店第一次月考)When I was 12, I met Mary. She came to China with her parents,
whom taught English in an university. We soon became good friends. She was fluently in Chinese
while I had difficulty with my speaking English. In order to help me with my English, we spoke as
much English as we can when we were together. Before long, I could speak English well but at the
same time I also made progresses in my written English. Luckily, a year later, she had to return
back to her country with her parents. And we have out of touch with each other ever since. How I
miss her!
答案：第二句：whom→who; an→a
第四句：fluently→fluent; speaking→spoken
第五句：can→could
第六句：but→and; progresses→progress
第七句：Luckily→Unluckily; 去掉back
第八句：have后加been