烧烤节-初一拜年

外国语10英语2班 刘
Unit 1
If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to
succeed. “There's a tendency to think that they are endowed with something
super-normal,” he explained. “But what comes out of the research is that there are
great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It's a difference in degree.
Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion.
He cited Winston Churchill, Britain's prime minister during World War 2, as an
example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his
country's morale was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people.
In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation
when he said, “We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end... We shall never
surrender.”

西蒙顿说，如果成就巨大者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种坚持不懈地追
求成功的动 力。“往往有人认为他们具备一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释道。“但
研究表明，有些伟人并没有惊人的 智力,有的只是程度上的差异而已。伟大是建
立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。” 他举了二战时期的英国首相温斯顿?丘吉尔作为永不放弃敢于冒险的典范。
丘吉尔在全国士气最为低 落的时候被推上了台，并出色地领导了英国人民。在
1940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中， 他的话激励了全国人民，“我们
决不会退缩、永不失败。我们一定要坚持到底......我们永远不会 屈服。”

Unit 2
Some persons refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not
be welcome. A patient of mine, a few weeks after his discharge from the hospital,
came back to thank his nurse. “I didn't come back sooner,” he explained, “because I
imagined you must be bored to death with people thanking you.”
“On the contrary,” she replied, “I am delighted you came. Few realize how
much we need encouragement and how much we are helped by those who give it.”
Gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much. For on the smiles,
the thanks we give, our little gestures of appreciation, our neighbors build up their
philosophy of life.

有些 人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。我的一个病人在
出院的后几个星期回到医院感谢他的 护士。“我没有早点回来，”他解释说，“因
为我猜想你们对别人的感激一定厌烦得要命。”
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外国语10英语2班 刘
“正好相反，” 她回答说，“我很高兴你来。很少有人明白我们多么需要鼓
励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大 的帮助。”
我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲
学时所依 据的正是这些微笑，正是我们所表示的感谢以及表示感激的小小的举
动。

Unit 3
The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying , “when the
going gets tough ,the tough get going,” is typical of this aggressive attitude towards
problem-solving. No matter what the problem is or the techniques available for
solving it, the frame work produce by our Western way of thinking is fight.
Bono calls this vertical thinking: the traditional, sequential, Aristotelian thinking of
logic, moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks is incorrectly placed,
then the whole structure collapses. Impasse is reached, and frustration, tension,
feeling of fight take over.
Later thinking, Bono says, is a new technique of thinking about things—a
technique that avoids this fight altogether, and solves the problem in an entirely
unexpected fashion.
Lateral thinking sounds simple. And it is. Once you have solved a problem
laterally, you wonder how you could ever have been hung up on it. The key is
making that vital shift in emphasis, that sidestepping of the problem, instead of
attacking it head-on.
Dr. A. A. Bridger, psychiatrist at Columbia University and in private practice in
New York, explains how lateral thinking works with his patients, “Many people
come to me wanting to stop smoking, for instance,” he says. “Most people fail when
they are trying to stop smoking because they wind up telling themselves, „No，I will
not smoke; no, I shall not smoke; no, I will not; no, I cannot ...‟”It's a fight and what
happens is you end up smoking more.
“So instead of looking at the problem from the old way of no, and fighting it, I
show them a whole new point of view—that you are your body's keeper, and your
body is something though which you experience life. If you stop thinking about it,
there's really something helpless about your body. It can do nothing for itself. It has
no choice, it is like a baby's body. You begin then a whole new way of looking at
it—„I am going to take care of myself, and give myself some respect and protection,
by not smoking.‟”

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外国语10英语2班 刘
一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗 。“事情越困难，硬汉子就越向前”
这句话便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。不管是什么问题， 或者可以
用来解决问题的方法是什么，我们西方人的思维方式产生的基本思路总是搏斗。
德?博 诺博士称之为纵向思维；即传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，
坚定地从一步移到下一步，就 象玩具积木一块搭在另一块上。当然，它们的缺
陷是，如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木 没有放对，那么整个
结构就会坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张、和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。
横向思维，德?博诺博士说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法------ 一种完
全避免这种拼搏，用完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。
在歇洛克?福尔摩斯的一个 探案中，他的助手华生医生指出有条狗对案子并
不重要，因为这条狗看来一无所为。歇洛克?福尔摩斯持 相反的观点，他坚持认
为这条狗一无所为这一事实至关重要，因为它应该有所为，正是在这个基础上他侦破了这个案子。
横向思维听上去很简单。它也的确很简单。一旦你横向地解决了一个问题，< br>你就会奇怪你以前怎么竟会为它心神不宁。关键是作出那个重要的重点转移，
横跨一步，避开问题 ，而不是正面去解决它。
在纽约私人开业的哥伦比亚大学的精神病学家A?A?布里杰博士阐述了横向
思维对他的病人们如何有用。“比方说，很多想戒烟的人来找我，”他说。“大多
数人在他们试 图戒烟时都失败了，因为他们最后总对自己说，‘不，我决不吸烟
了；不，我不该吸烟了；不，我决不吸 了；不，我不能 ...’这是一场搏斗，
结果是你吸得更多。”
“所以我不再让他们用这种 老的否定方式来看待这一问题并与之搏斗，而
是向他们展示了一个全新的视角------你是你身体的 看护人，你是通过你的身
体来体验生活的。如果你认真思考一下，你就会发现你的身体的确有一些无能< br>为力的东西。它丝毫不能自理。它没有选择，就象一个婴儿的身体。于是你就
开始用全新的方式来 看待它------‘现在我将通过戒烟来照顾自己，给自己一
些尊重和保护。’”

Unit 4
When a student's work did not measure up to the teacher's expectations, as often
happened, the student was not treated with disappointment, anger, or annoyance.
Instead, the teacher assumed that this was an exception, an accident, a bad day, a
momentary slip-and the student believed her and felt reassured. The next time around,
he tried harder, determined to live up to what the teacher knew he could do.
The exact part of communication that tells a child, I expect the best, is difficult
to pinpoint. In part it consists of a level tone showing assurance, a lack of verbal
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外国语10英语2班 刘
impatience, an absence of negative qualities such as irony, put- downs, and irritation.
The teacher who expects the best asks her questions with conviction, knowing the
answers she gets will be right, and the child picks up that conviction.

当 一个学生的功课达不到老师的期望时，正如经常发生的那样，这个学生
得到的不是失望、生气或恼怒的对 待。相反，老师认为这是一个例外，一次意
外事件，倒霉的一天，一次暂时性的失误而学生相信了她，并 消除了疑虑。下
一次功课，他更加努力了，决心做到老师知道他能做到的事。
很难精确地找出 老师传达的信息中到底是哪一部分告诉了孩子：“我期待
着最好的成绩。”它的部分成分包括显示着信心 的平和声调，没有言语上的不
耐烦，没有讽刺、奚落和恼怒等消极因素。期待着最好成绩的老师满怀信心 地
提出问题，她知道她将得到的答案将是正确的，而孩子也感受到了那种信心。

Unit 5
I have often reflected upon the new vistas that reading opened to me. I knew
right there in prison that reading had changed forever the course of my life. As I see it
today, the ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally
alive. I certainly wasn't seeking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol
upon its students. My homemade education gave me, with every additional book that
I read, a little bit more sensitivity to the deafness that was afflicting the black race in
America. Not long ago, an English writer telephoned me from London, asking
questions. One was, “What's your alma matter?” I told him, “Books.” You will never
catch me with a free fifteen minutes in which I'm not studying something I feel might
be able to help the black man ...

我经常思考阅读为我打开了的新远景， 我当时在狱中就知道，阅读已永远
改变了我的人生历程。正如今天我明白，阅读能力唤醒了在我内心潜伏 已久的
对于活跃思想得渴望。我当然不是在追求任何学位，因为学位只是大学附于学
生一种地位 象征的方式。我通过自学所受到的教育使我每读到一本新书就更加
意识到正在折磨美国黑人的聋、哑、盲 。不久前，一位英国作家从伦敦打来电
话问了我几个问题，其中之一是，“你的母校是哪？”我告诉他： “是书。”
在任何一个空闲的15分钟里，你都会发现我在学习一些我觉得可能有助于黑人
的东 西。

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外国语10英语2班 刘
Unit 6
EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blessed with a lot of both, some
with little of either. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they
complement each other; how one's ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the
ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients for success,
researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on
everything from class to luck to the neural pathways that have developed in the brain
over millions of years of human evolution.

情商不是智商的对立面。一些人有 幸两者都拥有很多，一些人则每一样都
拥有很少。研究者们一直试图理解的是它们如何互补；比如，一个 人对付压力
的能力如何影响其集中思想和发挥才智的能力。研究者们大多同意，在成功的
要素中 智商约占20%；其余则取决于多种因素，从所属的阶级到运气到在人类进
化的几百万年中已在大脑中形 成的神经通道。

Unit 7
As a child, I identified so strongly with my mother that I thought my father was
just a long-term house guest with spanking privileges. She and I are bookish,
introverted worriers. My father is an optimist who has never had a sleepless night in
his life.
Like most fathers and sons, we fought. But there was no cooling-off period
between rounds. It was a cold war lasting from the onset of my adolescence until I
went off to college in 1973. I hated him. He was a former navy fighter pilot with an
Irish temper and a belief that all the problems of the world- including an overprotected
son who never saw anything through to completion-could be cured by the application
of more discipline.

小 时侯，我和母亲特别亲，而认为父亲只是一个长期住在我家并享有打孩
子屁股特权的客人。母亲和我爱读 书，性格内向，多愁善感。父亲则很乐观，
一生中从来没有睡不着觉的时候。
像大多数父子一 样，我们常斗气。但在各个回合之间却没有休战期。这是
一场冷战，从我的青春期开始一直持续到197 3年我离家去上大学。我恨他。他
以前是一名海军战斗机驾驶员，脾气火暴，他坚信世界上所有的问题 ----包括
宠爱有加、做事一向虎头蛇尾的儿子----都能通过严隶法纪来解决。

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外国语10英语2班 刘
Unit 8
Now, it must be obvious what all has to do with you. Eventually, like the rest of
us, you must be on one side or the other. You must be an Athenian or a Visigoth. Of
course, it is much harder to be an Athenian, for you must learn how to be one, you
must work at being one, whereas we are all, in a way, natural-both Visigoths. That is
why there are so many more Visigoths than Athenians. And I must tell you that you
do not become an Athenian merely by attending school or accumulating degrees. My
father-in-law was one of the most committed Athenians I have ever known, and he
spent his entire adult life as a dress cutter on Seventh Avenue in New York City. On
the other hand, I have known physicians, lawyers, and engineers who are Visigoths of
unmistakable persuasion. And I must also tell you, as much in sorrow as in shame,
that at some of our great universities, perhaps even this one, there are professors of
whom we may fairly say they are closet Visigoths. And yet, you must not doubt for a
moment that a school, after all, is essentially an Athenian idea. There is a direct link
between the cultural achievements of Athens and what the faculty of this university is
all about. I have no difficulty imagining that Plato, Aristotle, or Democritus would be
quite at home in our classrooms. A Visigoth would merely scrawl obscenities on the
wall.

现在，所有这一切与你的关 系一定很清楚了。你终将同其他人一样，必须
站在一方或另一方。你必定要么是雅典人要么是西哥特人。 当然，成为名雅典
人要难得多，因为你必须学习如何成为雅典人，你必须要付出努力，而从某种
意义上说我们天生都是西哥特人。这就是为什么西哥特人比雅典人要多得多的
原因。我还必须告诉你，仅 仅通过上学或者拿到几个学位是不会成为雅典人的。
我的岳父是我所知道的最坚定的雅典人之一，他成年 之后一直是纽约第七大街
上的一名裁缝。相反，我认识的一些医生、律师和工程师却是十足的西哥特人。
我还必须既痛心又惭愧地告诉你，在我们一些名牌大学，也许甚至就在这一所，
有一些教授，我 们可以公正地说，是些隐蔽的西哥特人。然而，你决不可对学
校产生怀疑，学校的本质毕竟体现了一种雅 典人的观念。雅典的文化成就和这
所大学的教员所从事的工作之间有着直接的联系。不难想象，在我们的 教室里，
柏拉图、亚里士多德或者德谟克利特会感到很自在。西哥特人将只会在墙壁上
涂写一些 淫秽的话。




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