21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册cloze(1)
阳光高考平台-和中留学
Unit 1
There are many paths to
greatness. Some people go down in history for
their 1)_ influential _
political leadership.
Other are remembered for spectacular scientific
2)__ breakthroughs _ for composing
great
symphonies, or writing 3)__ brilliant __ poetry.
But whatever path they take, great people seem to
4)__ share __ a few common characteristics.
They are relentlessly 5)__ optimistic __ and
persistent; they
have both intellectual skills
and the ability to work well with other people;
and they love their work. In fact,
6)_ for _
these people, work is more like an obsession than
a job. Of course, many of the questions about
greatness 7)__ remain __ , unanswered. What
roles so genetics and environment 8)__ play __ in
the
question ? How can we know who among our
9) contemporaries will be remembered as great
and
which people, though famous today, will be
10)__ forgotten __ in the future? It’s also
possible that our
11)_ view _ of who is great
is not always fair or accurate. For example, the
of 12)_ achievement__ women
are not recognized
as often as they should y, we can’t even be 13)__
sure__ if it is really good to
be great. Maybe
the happiest people are the normal ones. Normal
people aren’t endowed 14)_ with _ what
it
takes to be great, but they also don’t have to
worry 15)_ about _ the burdens of history.
Unit 2
Gratitude is defined as the art
of showing 1)__ appreciation __ for every
kindness, great and small.
Usually,
2)__expressing _ gratitude costs very little, but
its rewards can be great. When gratitude is owed
but not given, however, as when we 3)_ fail _
to recognize a generous act on someone else’s 4)_
part _,
this denial can lead to sore feelings,
and even resentment. Sometimes, truly deep
gratitude calls for personal
sacrifice. One 5)
_ example __ is a mother of world war II soldier
who traveled from her home
6)_ through
__ the U. S. to visit the French family who had
7)___ sheltered ___ her son from Nazis. She
was driven to 8)__ do this unselfish
generosity which this family had shown her son.
But gratitude can
9)_ also _ be shown by very
simple acts. We can start 10)__ by __ making sure
that, in one way or another,
we thank the
family members and 11)_ coworkers__ who help us
every day. In sum, the 12)_ key _ to
gratitude
is thoughtfulness, or 13)_ taking __ pains to
consider the feeling of others as well as out own.
Being generous and 14)_ unselfish _ with our
affection and sentiments is one thing we all can
do to make
the world a more pleasant place.
For all of these 15)_ reasons _ gratitude is
something of which none of
us can give too
much..
Unit 3
Traditional western
ways of thinking can often lead to an 1)_ impasse
_ when we are confronting a
truly difficult
problem. This happened to Dr. Edward Jenner when
he was trying to 2)_ come _ up with a
vaccine
for the deadly disease known as smallpox. Jenner
was 3)_ able _ to solve the problem he faced
by changing the 4)_ framework within which
he looked at it. Rather than focusing on people
who had
smallpox, he 5) looked carefully
at those who seemed never to get the disease. This
change in
6)_ tactics _ is an example of
what is known as “lateral thinking.” The term
means choosing not to
approach a problem head-
on, but instead looking at it 7)__ sideways _. In
lateral thinking, being able to
take in and
8)_ consider _ all kinds of ideas, no matter how
unlikely they might seem, is of the
9)_
utmost _ significance. Lateral thinking can help
all kinds of people, from smokers who want to give
10)__ up _ their habit, to archers who need to
relax in order to perform 11)_ at _ their best.
This idea does
not 12)_ imply that
solutions which come from vertical thinking
are always deeply
13) flawed _ . The
truth is that different ways of thinking have
different 14)_ advantages when you get
stuck
struggling with a problem head-on, thinking
laterally can help you to shift your point of view
and
perhaps see a 15)_ solution you wouldn’t
other wise notice.
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Unit
4
A recent educational experiment showed
that the difference between “gifted” children and
regular
ones may have as much as to do with
1)__expectations__ as with intelligence. An
elementary school
teacher was 2)_deceived__
into thinking that her students were above average
in intelligence. She then
3)__managed__ to get
them to do outstanding work, even though their
true IQs were well within the
normal range. It
seems that her belief in her students’
intelligence was enough to turn them 4)_into_
better
’s difficult to 5)__pinpoint __exactly
how such beliefs are expressed. It 6)__may __have
to do
with how a teacher talks to the class:
many positive, supportive expressions and few
expressions of
impatience, annoyance, or
7)__irritation__.Non-verbal communication,
including 8)_facial __expressions,
probably
plays a role too. But one thing is clear: labels
and expectations 9)__strongly _ influence results.
Outside of the classroom, labeling can, as 10)
often__ as not, have a negative effect. The labels
we put on
different social groups are usually
not 11)__inclusive__. In fact, they are often
sexist or racist. Of
12)__course__ , there is
good and bad in all kinds of people. But we
13)__tend__to accept some ideas
about certain
groups more readily than about others. The school
experiment shows that such labels have a
14)__great__ deal of power. But when labels
are unfair and negative they can be very
15)__damaging__.
Unit 5
When I
came to prison, my reading skills were 1)__
terrible __ and my penmanship was worse. But
because I wanted to 2)__ emulate__ some of the
more well-read inmates, I decided to do something
about
it, I began by copying 3)__over _ the
dictionary. You know the dictionary had all kinds
of information. It’s
something like an
encyclopedia in 4)_ miniature _. But the most
important result 5)_ of _ studying
dictionary
was that it gave me the word 6)_ base __ I needed
to read 7)_ effectively __. Soon, I could pick
up8)_ almost _ any book and read it. I checked
9)_ out _ all kinds of books from the prison
library, both
non-fiction and literature. I
love to read so much that I could I always find
myself 10)_ engrossed _ in
something when
“lights out” came. I was so 11)__ hungry __ for
knowledge that I would then lie on the
floor
and read by the faint 12)_ glow _ of the hallway
light until I heard the guard coming back down
along
the corridor. Many people say that no
true 13)__ rehabilitation _ is possible in prison.
But I felt that I
learned more there than I
could have in any college, even if no degree was
14)__ conferred __ on me.
After all, where
else could I have 15)_ combated _ my own ignorance
more effectively than in a place
where I could
be left alone and allowed to read for up to 15
hours per day?
Unit 6
what does a
young child’s ability not to eat a marshmallow 1)
_ have _ to do with success in life?
Quite a
lot, as it turns out. The 4-year-old who is able
to 2)__ hold out __ in order to receive a second
treat
is 3)_ demonstrating _ more self-control
than will serve him or her well as an adult. This
ability to control
one’s 4)__ impulses __ is
just one part of what is called Emotional
Intelligence. The children who
demonstrate it
will grow up to be better adjusted and 5)_ more _
successful. Those kids who don’t have it
are
less likely to succeed when it comes to meeting
challenges and 6)_ dealing _ with life’s
frustration. In
the past, our concept of
intelligence was mainly limited 7)__to _ the kinds
of skills that 8)_ enabl__ one to
do well in
school. But Emotional Intelligence 9)_ redefines _
what it means to be smart by focusing on
how
the mind 10)_ processes _ feelings rather than
ideas. There are many ways in which an
understanding
of Emotional Intelligence can be
every 11)_ handy _. It can help parents 12)_ raise
_ their children, help
corporations manage
employees, and help solve many social problems.
These ideas are not very
controversial, but
some other13) _ aspects _ of Emotional
Intelligence are. For example, some scholars are
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offended at the idea that
such a 14)__ complex _ and abstract idea would be
reduced to a simple numerical
measure in the
15)_ form _ of an “EQ”.
Unit 7
As a child, I identified much more 1) strongly
with my mother than with my father. She and I are
both somewhat 2)_ shy _ introverted people who
like to read. My father is a man of action
3)_rather _
than words. While my mother and I
tend to worry a lot, my father is an 4)_ optimist
_ who’s never had a
sleepless night in his
life. When I was young, my father and I fought 5)_
constantly _. Since I became an
adult,
however, he and I have pretty much 6)_ made _ our
peace. Although he didn’t 7)__ support __ my
decision to become a writer, I know that he is
proud of my success. And he is less 8)_ stubborn
__ than he
used to be. As he has aged, he is
now willing to ask for help sometimes, to call a
9)_ plumber _ if the job is
too difficult for
him. Now we are on 10)_ even _ ground. Recently, I
met with my father to 11)_ talk _
about plans
for his estate. My father told me he had taken
care 12)__ of __ the business. The Navy would
burn his ashes and scatter them at sea. This
way, his death wouldn’t be a 13)_ burden__ to me.
I had no
way to let him know how 14)_ much_ I
wanted to burdened by this responsibility. So I
just reached across
the table and took of hold
his hand, trying to 15)_ stop _ the tears.
Unit 8
The Athenians and the Visigoths
were extraordinarily different cultures with 1)_
conflicting _ values
and traditions. The
Athenians respected education and considered the
quest 2)_ for _ knowledge a most
noble
pursuit. To the Visigoths, on the other hand,
knowledge was 3)_ pointless _ unless it could be
used to
earn money or gain power over others.
Athenians had a great 4)_ regard _ for fine art.
They wrote
profoundly touching epic poems and
plays which exalt the spirit of audiences 5)_ to _
this day. To the
Visigoths, art had no value
beyond its 6)_ popularity _ at the moment.
Athenians practiced political
democracy with a
tremendous 7)_ vigor _ . They placed great value
on tradition, social restraint, and
continuity. They sought 8) moderation in all
things and created the concept of ecology. At the
9)_ peak
of their power, the Visigoths
overran Europe desecrating buildings, destroying
works of art, and ushering
10)_ in _ the
period known as the Dark Ages. It took Europe
almost a thousand years to 11)_ recover _
from their ravages. These two cultures are
still 12)_ relevant _ today because we all must
choose which
group to align ourselves 13)_
with _ . 14)_ Although _ the university is an
inherently Athenian institution,
not all of
the students it educates or even all of the
professors on its faculty hold Athenian values in
15)_high_ esteem. It is a personal choice
whether to sink to the depths of life as a modern
Visigoth or to
dedicate oneself to the more
exalted pursuit of becoming a contemporary
Athenian.
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