新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第二册课后答案及课文翻译以及视听说答案
元旦歌曲-小学三年级科学教学计划
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册Unit 1答案
Unit 1
Section A
I Comprehension of The Text
1. The attitude is that if one is not moving
ahead he is falling behind.
2. Time is treated
as if it were something almost real. (People
budget it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut
it, account for it; they also charge for it.)
They do this because time is a precious resource.
3. Everyone is in a rush — often under
pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying
to get where they
are going, restlessly
seeking attention in a store or elbowing others as
they try to complete their shopping.
4. Don’t
take it personally. This is because people value
time highly and they resent someone else “wasting”
it beyond a certain appropriate point.
5.
New arrivals in America will miss opening
exchanges, the ritual interaction that goes with a
cup of coffee
or tea and leisurely chats.
6. Americans produce a steady flow of labor-
saving devices. They communicate rapidly through
faxes, phone
calls or emails rather than
through personal contacts.
7. The
impersonality of electronic communication has
little or no relation to the significance of the
matter
at hand.
8. It is taken as a sign
of skillfulness or being competent to solve a
problem or fulfill a job with speed
in the .
Vocabulary
III
1. charge 2. convention
3. efficient 4. obtain 5. competent 6. assessing
7. fulfill 8. conducting consequently
10.
significance
IV．
1．behind 2. at 3. in 4.
out 5. to 7. in 8. with 9. but
V.
1. L
2. C 3. D 4. N 5. O
Word
Building
VI
1. commitment 2. attraction 3.
appointment 4. impression
5. civilization 6.
composition 7. confusion 8. congratulation
9.
consideration 10. explanation 11. acquisition 12.
depression
VII.
desirable favorable
considerable acceptable
drinkable
advisable remarkable preferable
1.
advisable 2. desirable 3. favorable 4.
considerable 5. remarkable 6. preferable 7.
drinkable 8. acceptable
Structure
VIII
1. much less can he write English articles
2. much less can he manage a big company
3. much less could he carry it upstairs
4.
much less have I spoken to him
5. much less to
read a lot outside of it
IX
1. Having
meals at home can cost as little as two or three
dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is
always more expensive.
2. We thought she
was rather proud, whereas in fact she was just
very shy.
3. We have never done anything for
them, whereas they have done so much for us.
4. Natalie prefers to stay for another week,
whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately.
5. Some praise him highly, whereas others put
him down severely
Translation
X.
1.
She wouldn’t take a drink, much less would she
stay for dinner.
2. He thought I was lying to
him, whereas I was telling the truth.
3. How
do you account for the fact that you have been
late every day this week?
4. The increase in
their profits is due partly to their new market
strategy.
5. Such measures are likely to
result in the improvement of work efficiency.
6. We have already poured a lot of time and
energy into the project, so we have to carry on.
XI
1. 我认为他不会抢劫，更不用说暴力抢劫了。
2.
男工平均工资每小时10美元，而女工才每小时7美元。
3.
自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏，就会带来很多不可预知的影响。
4.
期终考试迫在眉睫，你最好多花点时间看书。
5. 有趣的是，消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的
原产国。其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响，部分原因是由于产
地的变化。
6.
最近一次调查表明，妇女占总劳动力的40%。
Cloze
1. C
Structured Writing
XIV.
A
larger and larger part of society is expressing
its concern about environmental protection. Active
in their
concern, teachers and students hold
specific meetings to discuss environmental
protection. Also, city planners
take
environmental problems into serious consideration.
And, though reducing pollution can be expensive,
factories often take every possible measure to
do their part. Many people are concerned and
active because
air and water pollution affects
everyone and makes it difficult for cities to
survive and businesses to make
a profit.
Section B.
Comprehension of the Text
II.
1. D
Vocabulary
III.
1. utilize 2. reject 3.
considerable 4. temporary 5. acceptable
6.
recognition 7. alleviate 8. appreciate 9.
furthermore 10. interact
IV.
1. interact
with 2. gone through 3. deal with 4. recovered
from
5. adjusting to 6. familiar to 7. In
spite of 8. were tired of
9. prevented from
10. came to
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册Unit 2答案
Unit Two
Section A
I. Comprehension of
the Text
1. She felt that Nikolai was quite
different from what she had expected; still, she
was quite nervous.
2. No. Actually she was
quite surprised when Nikolai suggested that.
3. They went through a lot of hard training
sessions full of pain and tears. Yet the training
was really
productive.
4. Yes, he did. He
was always practicing while others were relaxing
themselves.
5. In training, they were strict
coach and determined athlete; at other times, they
were on good terms with
each other, like
friends.
6. Because Nikolai sang out
instructions in a regular manner, similar to those
of a dance instructor.
7. the writer achieved
a fourth place in the nation, but they didn’t
manage to participate in the Olympics.
8.
Besides improving her skills under Nikolai’s
instruction, she also learned the importance of
determination
with courage, heart, and
discipline; most important of all, she learned to
be thankful and loving while living
in this
world.
Vocabulary
III.
1. promising
2. amusing 3. lowered 4. persisted 5. rank
6. swear 7. unfair 8. presence 9. frowning
10. approximately
IV.
1. on 2. upon 3.
on 4. in 5. by 6. to 7. in 8. of 9. on 10.
out
V.
Word Building
VI.
1. observe—observer: one who observes
a person or an event
2. ski—skier: one who
skis
3. visit—visitor: one who visits somebody
or some place
4. learn—learner: one who
learns something
5. report—reporter: one who
reports on persons or events for a newspaper
6. drink—drinker: one who often drinks
alcohol, esp, too much
VII.
Tropical
global dangerous central environmental
occasional musical natural
1. tropical 2.
musical 3. occasional 4. environmental
5.
global 6. dangerous 7. natural 8. central
Sentence Structure
VIII.
1. they
didn’t lose heart despite lots of frustration.
2. Despite the heavy rain, the boys played
football in the yard all afternoon.
3. I will
try my best despite the slim chances of success.
4. Despite a thorough search for the escaped
prisoner in the mountain, no sign of him was
found.
5. Despite their increased income,
their life became poorer because of the rising
prices.
IX.
1. nor do I think it necessary
to do so
2. nor would they go to my sister’s
3. nor do we have her telephone number
4.
Nor would I like to go to work immediately
5.
now would I
Translation
X.
1. Despite
the fact that she is the only child in her family,
she is never babied by her parents.
2. Mike
didn’t come to the party last night, nor did he
call me to give an explanation.
3. The person
sitting next to him did publish some novels, but
he is by no means a great writer.
4. He has no
interest in football and is indifferent to who
wins or loses.
5. The manager needs an
assistant that he can count on to take care of
problems in his absence.
6. This is the first
time that he has made a speech in the presence of
so large an audience.
XI.
1.
尽管那项计划一开始就证明是不切实际的，但是他们还是坚持要实施。
2.
我无法说服他接受这项计划，也无法使他认识到这项计划的重要性。
3.
你是怎么把那么多东西塞进这个小行李箱的？
4. 别人对他怎么看，他全不在意。
5.
我能否指出你犯了个小错误。
6. 他母亲让他开车慢一点儿，但是他从不把她的话放在心上。
Cloze
XII.
XIV.
Computers, just like any new technology, have
a negative side. As more and more computers are
used in production
lines, many jobs are being
taken over by computer-controlled machines. As a
result, many workers are finding
themselves
jobless. This constitutes a threat to social
security. Another problem is computer crimes. For
example, some people are finding ways to break
into the bank computer systems and transfer large
sums of money
to their own accounts. There
have been many reports like this. One more
negative effect of computers is that
they
bring about health problems. Sitting in front of
computers all day undoubtedly affects people’s
health.
Back pain, wrist pain, failing
eyesight, to name only a few.
Section B
Reading Skills
I.
Comprehension of the Text
II.
Vocabulary
III.
1. sake 2.
sacrificed 3. crack 4. pursuing 5. explosive
6. overcome 7. indicated 8. opponents 9.
stripped 10. denied
IV.
1. Natasha made
herself stand out in the group interview by acting
as the leader in her group.
2. To be
successful, you need a careful plan, good luck,
help at the right time, and above all, hard work.
3. They are not doing this to gain
recognition or money; they are doing this for the
sake of society.
4. It was actually what he
said rather than what he did that made me sad.
5. Once my mother sets her mind on something,
it will be very hard to stop her.
6. Years of
research had set the stage for their success in
their field.
7. Local people are used to the
phenomenon, so they are not surprised at all.
8. Today at this meeting we are going to focus
on the question of air pollution.
9. He never
expected that his best friend would charge him
with cheating in the exam.
10. His parents
were so strict with him in his studies that he had
little time to participate in any activities
outside of class.
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册Unit
3答案
Unit 3
Section A
Comprehension of
the Text
1. The writer is a black man who is
not an American citizen.
2. According to him,
during their two years together they had
experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple
learning to know, understand, and respect each
other. In addition he thought they had honestly
confronted
the weaknesses and strengths of
each other’s characters.
3. They learned a
great deal about tolerance, compromise, and being
open with each other.
4. As with many couples,
they got married for the wrong reasons and found
out many years later that they were
incompatible. They didn’t take enough time to
know each other.
5. Her mother, counseled
Gail to be really sure she was doing the right
thing.
6. He immediately suspected that Mark
was marrying his daughter in order to remain in
the United States.
7. He quoted statistics
showing that mixed couples had a higher divorce
rate than couples of the same race
and gave
examples of mixed couples he had counseled who
were having marital difficulties.
8. People
can be very cruel toward children from mixed
marriages.
Vocabulary
III.
1. mutual
2. illusion 3. canceled 4. overlooked 5.
proceeded 6. resolve 7. prejudice 8. compromise
9. confirm 10. subsequently
IV.
1.
having nothing to do with 2. taking care of 3. met
with 4. on the surface 5. work out 6. incompatible
with
7. ups and downs 8. learned of 9.
indication of 10. all along
V.
Word Building
VI.
1. shopping 2.
feeling 3. storage 4. cooking 5. ending
6. beginning 7.
gathering 8. removal 9.
arrival 10. passage 11. writing 12. marriage
VII.
1. relationship 2. citizenship
3. leadership 4. membership 5. boyhood 6.
livelihood
7. brotherhood 8. authorship 9.
adulthood 10. neighborhood 11. wisdom 12.
ownership
Sentence structure
VIII.
1.
It is never too bad(for us) to do something about
the situation.
2. One is never too old to
learn.
3. It is never too late (for you) to
put a stop to this madness.
4. It is never too
late (for you) to mend your ways.
5. His
income was never too small to support his family.
IX.
1. My best friend, Anna, was here last
night.
2. The company manager, Mr. Madison,
gathered his staff and announced the decision.
3. You should have seen an ophthalmologist, an
eye doctor.
4. He sent for the accountant, the
most experienced person in accounting.
5.
Translation
X.
1. You are never too
experienced to learn new techniques.
2. There
remains one problem, namely, who should be sent to
head the research there.
3. Their
relationship did meet with some difficulty at the
beginning because of cultural differences.
4.
Though he has had ups and downs, I believed all
along that he would succeed someday.
5. I have
some reservations about the truth of your claim.
6. She isn't particularly tall, but her slim
figure gives an illusion of height.
XI.
1.
应尽早告知年轻人：必须认真对待法律。
2.
他现在面临一个重要决定，这个决定可能会影响他的整个前程。
3.
即使在情况最糟糕的时候，你也必须保持镇静和信心。
4.
人际关系的成功与否与双方相处是否融洽以及交流是否顺畅有很大关系。
5.
他受到袭击，身受重伤，随后不治而亡。
6. 他的举止至少在表面上像个正常人。
Cloze
XII.
Structured Writing
XIV.
Many people place so much emphasis on success
that they think any failure is bad. Failure is
never pleasant
because it hurts people. But in
fact it can make positive contribution to our life
once we learn how to make
the best of it. We
can learn from a disastrous party how to give a
good one. And we can learn from an ill-chosen
first house what to look for in a second. Even
a total failure can give us fresh ideas or a
change of direction.
Repeated failures lead to
success and prove to be beneficial to us as we
experiment every day to find out
the right way
of doing things.
Section B
Reading skills
I.
1. F
Comprehension of the Text
II.
Vocabulary
III.
IV.
...to
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册Unit 4答案
Unit 4
Section A:
Comprehension of the Text
1. He was waiting to see a woman who had
filled a special place in his life for the past
thirteen months.
2. Soon after he volunteered
for military service, he received a book and a
letter from this woman.
3. John Blandford was
the only person to write her back.
4. She had
faithfully written to John. Even when his letters
did not arrive, she wrote anyway, without
decrease.
5. As long as he received her
letters, he felt as thought he could survive.
6. She declined his request and explained her
objection.
7. Yes, but she had asked a lady
well over forty to wear the rose on her coat.
8. She wanted to make sure that John didn’t
love her just for her beauty.
Vocabulary
III.
1. forbid 2. identical 3.
objection 4. warmth 5. volunteers
6.
overseas 7. declined 8. resisted 9. fancy 10.
decreasedecline
IV.
1. without fail 2.
volunteer for 3. as long as 4. right away
5. more than 6. am thankful...for 7. wrote
back 8. forbidden from
9. vanished into 10.
was free to
V.
Word Building
VI.
1. sadness 2.
weakness 3. carelessness 4. illness
5.
darkness 6. kindness 7. laziness 8.
nervousness
VII.
1. noisy 2. wealthy 3.
sunny 4. lucky
5. tasty 6. healthy 7. angry
8. icy
Sentence structure
VIII.
1. It
is necessary for the manager to finish the whole
task before leaving for a holiday.
2. It is a
shame to take so much money for doing so little.
3. It is our responsibility to help people
around us who are in trouble.
4. It is a
surprise for us all to realize he has been
cheating us.
5. It is pleasant for the mother
to see her daughter growing into a young lady.
IX.
1. as long as she got her father's
agreement
2. As long as you set a goal for
yourself
3. As long as she covers all the
expenses herself
4. as long as she does her
job well
5. As long as you never lose heart
Translation
X.
1. It is a great
pleasure to meet friends from afar.
2. It
doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white
as long as it catches mice.
3. You must let me
have the money back without fail by ten o'clock
tomorrow morning.
4. Allow me to take part in
this project: I am more than a little interested
in it.
5. Everyone knows that he is special:
He is free to come and go as he pleases.
6.
Watching the unhappy look on her face, I felt as
though she wished to say something to me.
XI.
1. 现如今，仅仅受过中等教育的人要想找份好工作越来越难了。
2.
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
3. 如果你对所购物品不满意，我们将很乐意退款。
4.
我们对这块伟大的美丽的土地心怀感激之情，多年来它迎接了众多的人来这里的海滩游览。
5.
让老师吃惊的是，没人自愿当班长。
6.
那条狗忠心耿耿地继续在火车站等待主人，直到两年后死去。
Cloze
XII.
XIV.
Parents have to save a large amount
of money for their children to study abroad. Apart
from the international
flight, they have to
pay for their daily expense, such as food,
shelter, entertainment, long-distance telephone
calls, and clothing. In addition, the children
should have some money ready to cover unexpected
expenses.
Section B:
Reading skills
I.
1. I am almost dead.
2. I am moving across
the landscape.
3. I have achieved a modest
amount of prosperity.
4. A friend convinces me
to go on a blind date with a lady friend of his.
5. Roma gets a faraway look in her eyes.
Comprehension of the Text
II.
Vocabulary
III.
1. insurance 2.
descended 3. precision 4. trace 5. stain
6. specify 7. accustomed 8. embraced 9.
knelt 10. prosperity
IV.
1. The
Rockefeller family achieved a huge amount of
prosperity in the oil business.
2. What all
workers have in common is expecting better working
conditions.
3. You don't know what his
feelings will be, as they change from day to day.
4. This is generally a warm place, but we do
get freezing weather on occasion.
5. Every
year at Christmas drunk driving takes its toll on
the joyful atmosphere.
6. Many people still
cling to the hope that one day there will be peace
between the two countries.
7. He was so angry
that he lost control.
8. The climate in Alaska
is a far cry from that of Florida.
9. How on
earth did she manage to pass the test?
10. His
career as a teacher came to an end when he broke
his leg, but he continued to write textbooks for
students.
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册Unit 5答案
Unit 5
Section A:
Comprehension of the
Text
I.
1. She feels terrible. She wants
to weep and she does weep a little.
2. He
smoked Prince Albert tobacco in cigarettes he
rolled himself.
3. He father was hooked by
cigarettes. Though he smoked Prince Albert
tobacco, he never looked as fashionable
as
Prince Albert; he continued to look like a poor,
overweight, hard-working colored man with too
large a
family.
4. By that time, her
father’s health had become poor. His breathing was
difficult; he had to rest very often
when he
was climbing stairs. It was not unusual for him to
cough for an hour.
5. Money that should be
spent for food goes instead to the tobacco
companies. As a result, over time, people
starve themselves of both food and air,
effectively weakening and hooking their children,
and eventually killing
themselves.
6.
Cigarette ends are so poisonous that if a baby
swallows one, it is likely to die. Also, the
boiled water
from a hunch of cigarette ends
makes an effective insecticide.
7. she still
remembers how carefully she ate when she was
pregnant, and how patiently she taught her
daughter
how to cross a street safely, but now
her daughter smokes, which amounts to killing
herself by taking poison,
as her father did.
8. Smoking is a form of self-battering that
also batters others who must sit by.
Vocabulary
III.
1. hardened 2.
shelter 3. slim 4. weaken 5. Literally
6. noticeable 7. bunch 8. drag 9. grateful
10. hooked
IV.
1. leaned on 2. close at
hand 3. die of 4. are starved of 5. coupled
with 6. is
directed...at 7. are...dressed
in 8. grateful to 9. struggling to 10. a bunch
of
V.
Word
Building
VI.
1. Under the pleasant
situation the property prices are just beginning
to harden again.
2. In the past few years,
these inside conflicts have weakened the
government's position.
3. Every Sunday the
father takes his child to libraries, museums,
exhibitions or natural parks, as he believes
that this helps to broaden the child's mind.
4. The days are lengthening as summer
approaches.
5. As she was waiting for the
result to come out, her excitement heightened.
6. The taking on of a new secretary lightened
his workload considerably.
7. As he listened
to his assistant reporting on the progress of the
project, the manager's face darkened with
anger.
8. Before night fell, the setting
sun reddened the clouds.
VII.
1. arrival
2. expectations 3. understandable 4. Visitors
5. freedom 6. profitable 7. lucky 8.
gathering
Sentence structure
VIII.
1. John went to the cinema with his
brother, which surprised me.
2. The boy broke
the window, for which he was criticized by the
teacher.
3. He tore up my photo, by which I
was angered very much.
4. It was raining hard,
for which the team stayed indoors.
5. Connie
changed her mind for the second time, which came
as no surprise to us.
IX.
1. The teacher
spoke so quietly that the students could hardly
hear her.
2. The lecture was so boring that
many listeners fell asleep.
3. The student has
so many books that he does not know what to do
with them.
4. The old man was so ill that his
neighbors had to send for a doctor.
5. Her
remarks are so funny that everyone laughs to
tears.
Translation
X.
1. He spoke
confidently, which impressed me most.
2. My
father is so forgetful that he is always looking
for his keys.
3. I'm very grateful to you for
all the help you have given me.
4. The bad
light, coupled with the wet ground, made driving
very difficult.
5. Being starved of funds,
they had to cancel their plan to start a business.
6. They always lean on us whenever they are in
trouble.
XI.
1.
飞机可能会晚点几个小时，要是那样，我们等着就没有什么意义了。
2.
乔治常常说谎，因此当他说他考试得了高分时没人相信他。
3.
除了附近位于十字路口的那家小工厂，一切都静悄悄的。
4.
缺少睡眠的人会感到很难集中心思干活。
5. 我安排人去机场接克拉克先生，然后带他去宾馆。
6. 一到达山顶，游客们都高兴地大叫起来。
Cloze
XII.
XIV.
There are many problems
for mixed marriages. The number one reason is the
cultural differences between the
mixed couple,
like those in customs and lifestyle. Many people
have prejudice against mixed marriages. They
often feel shocked to see people of different
races get married and have doubts about such
marriages. What’s
more, children from mixed
marriages tend to be looked down upon or even
badly treated by their peers. Mixed
marriages
face many trials, and as a result, mixed couples
have higher divorce rates than couples of the same
race.
Section B:
Reading skills
I.
1. giving them many material
possessions
2. change continually and
frequently
3. a sudden, uncontrollable feeling
of regret
4. makes(the parent-child
relationship) go wrong; taking(some of the
happiness and mutual respect) away from
(parents and their children)
5. start a
new course of improved behavior
Comprehension
of the Text
II.
Vocabulary
III.
1. assigned 2.
compensate 3. prompt 4. manner 5. tendency
6. undermined 7. submit 8. inferred 9.
fluctuates 10. responded
IV.
1. Jean
wrote the speaker's address down in her notebook
for fear that she might forget it.
2.
Passengers must show their tickets on demand.
3. Officials are bound to investigate any
possible corruption.
4. I took it for granted
that you would come with us, so I bought you a
ticket.
5. She has been selfish all the time,
but she has promised to turn over a new leaf and
become more loving
toward others.
6. People in this region have pined for a
peaceful life since the religious war broke out
three decades ago.
7. Poor health had made it
difficult for Jim to hold down a job for more than
a year.
8. Betty gets very depressed at times
because of the pressure of her work.
9. The
boys at my school used to make fun of me because I
have a flat nose.
10. Jenny kept begging me
for a new bicycle, and I finally gave in.
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册Unit 6答案
Unit 6
Comprehension of the Text
I.
1. She
didn’t like her first name because it didn’t suit
her good looks and elegant manner, and it made
her think she should be a cook.
2. She
felt more comfortable with herself and other
people started to take her more seriously.
3.
the writer thinks that the name change didn’t
cause Debbie’s professional achievement, but it
surely
helped by making her feel more self-
confident about her talents.
4. The writer
thought that his name, Joe, made him seem more
qualified to be a baseball player than an art
critic. He also believed that if he had a more
refined name, like Arthur or Adrian, his name
would appear
complete.
5. The woman felt
ill at ease because the attractive man, whom she
wanted the writer to introduce her to,
was the
same person whom she had once turned down due to
his dull-sounding name.
6. We often project
name-based stereotypes onto people. For example,
one of the writer’s women friends
confessed
that while taking charge of a group of four-year-
olds at the nursery school, she became confused
by their personalities because of their names.
7. One study showed that teachers gave lower
grades to essays written by boys with less
appealing names than
they awarded to the same
papers by boys with better-sounding names.
8.
If you are determined enough, you can change your
name.
Vocabulary
III.
1. confessed
2. reserve 3. professional 4. impressive 5.
latter 6. convey 7. qualify 8. refined 9.
substitute 10. approval
IV.
1.
Correct form: fill out; synonym: fill in
2.
Correct form: feel comfortable with; synonym: feel
comfortable about
3. Correct form: attach
first importance to; translation: 非常重视； 把……放在第一位
4. Correct form: turned down; synonym:
rejected; refused
5. Correct form: came (up)
to; definition: moved toward
6. Correct form:
pressing me for; definition: try in a determined
way to get something.
7. Correct form: free
fromof; definition: not influenced by
8.
Correct form: stuck with; translation: 不得不接待； 被迫接待
9. Correct form: for better or worse;
definition: whether the result is good or bad
10. Correct form: took charge of; synonym:
took responsibility for
V.
1. M 2. K 3. L
4. F 5. I 6. C 7. H 8. O 9. E 10. B
Word
Building
VI.
illegal impolite
irregular impatient incapable
irresponsible
inconsistent inappropriate incorrect
indefinite
1. impatient 2. irresponsible
3. inconsistent 4. illegal 5. inappropriate
6. incapable 7.
irregular 8. impolite 9.
incorrect 10. indefinite
VII.
unnoticeable
unreasonable ungrateful unlimited uncertain
uncover unrecognizable unfashionable undo
untidy unfold unload
1. unreasonable
2. unfolded 3. uncertain 4. uncovered 5.
ungrateful 6. unloading 7. unlimited
Sentence structure
VIII.
1. so is air
to man
2. so is the eagle of all birds
3.
so is beer to the British
4. so is tea
to the Chinese
5. so do the English love their
beer
IX.
1. While waiting at the
doctor’s, I read an entire short story.
2.
After using the brush, put it in its proper place.
3. Before being in the army, he was an
engineer.
4. I deliberately didn’t read the
book before going to see the film.
5. When
buying a new car, it is best to seek expert
advice.
Translation
X.
1. (Just) as a
machine needs regular running, so does the body
need regular exercise.
2. He learned to play
the piano while studying in the United States.
3. To our disappointment, he turned down our
invitation.
4. The reality is that, for better
or worse, the world has changed with advance of
new technologies.
5. Most of the female
students in my class appear to be ill at ease when
(they are) required to answer questions.
6.
The local government took charge of the security
for the sports meeting.
XI.
1.
足球之于意大利人，就像乒乓球之于中国人。
2.
教师没急着要班里同学现在作决定，而是要他们仔细考虑后再下决心。
3.
我不知道那是什么饮料，我喝了那么多；结果那些小伙子只能送我回家，因为我有点醉了。
4.
在中国北方，三月份往往多风。
5. 尽管如此，政府已经同意总支出增加%。
6.
信息被定义为通过陈述事实向大脑传达的知识，它可以有多种形式。
Cloze
XII.
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D
10. C
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. A
Structured Writing:
My hometown and my
college town have several things in common. First,
my hometown is a small town. It has
a
population of only about 10,000 people. Located in
a rural area, it is surrounded by many acres of
farmland
which are devoted mainly to growing
corn and soybeans. As for my college town, it is
small too. Having a
population of about 11,000
local residents, it lies in the center of farmland
which is used to raise hogs
and cattle.
Therefore living in my college town makes me feel
at home. I enjoy it.
Section B
Comprehension of the Text
II.
1. F 2.
F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. F
Vocabulary
III.
1. tidy 2. prevail 3. emotional
4. imitating 5. discourage
6. bargain 7.
wander 8. superficial 9. concealed 10.
accompanies
IV.
1. turned out 2. is not
really up to 3. went to great lengths 4. acting
out 5. spoke of 6. Judging by
7. out of
character 8. took sides 9. blow his cover 10.
more or less
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册Unit 7答案
Unit 7
Comprehension of the Text
I.
1. You should learn to take charge of your
life and recognize there are many things beyond
your control.
2. Being tense may cause
tremendous and rapid increases in their blood
pressure.
3. They found the excess alarm or
stress chemicals could literally burst heart
muscle fibers, creating many
short circuits
and causing crazy heat rhythms.
4. Fear,
uncertainty, and doubt, together with lack of
control.
5. One kind is professional women,
and the other kind is people who have no compass
in life.
6. The NICE factors –new,
interesting, challenging experiences.
7. Cut
it down to 6 and set priorities.
8. You must
learn to flow.
Vocabulary
III.
5. perceive
10. stimulate
IV.
1. blow his top 2. Among other things 3. take
charge of 4. put emphasis on 5. is attributed to
6. from
my viewpoint 7. substituted low-fat
oil for butter down on 9. keep your audience in
mind 10. out
of control
V.
Word Building
VI.
2. thoughtful
3. harmful 4. restless
VII.
realize privatize characterize
socialize
nationalize economize
normalize criticize
Sentence structure
VIII.
1. When you
are studying abroad, misunderstandings can result
from cultural differences, among other things.
2. Online learning requires, among other
things, commitment and discipline to keep up with
the flow of the
course.
3. The research
work was severely criticized for its poor
management, among other things.
4. They
discussed, among other things, the future of the
oil industry.
5. The article shows, among
other things, the negative effects of generation
gap between parents and children.
IX.
1.
The more often I practice, the better I play.
2. The higher we got up in the air, the colder
it became.
3. The more carbon the steel
contains and the quicker the cooling is, the
harder the steel becomes.
4. The more I
thought about his suggestion, the more doubtful I
became.
5. The more he eats, the fatter he
becomes.
Translation
X.
1. At the
meeting they discussed, among other things, the
present economic situation.
2. The more I
learned about the nature, the more absorbed I
became in its mystery.
3. The doctor
recommends that those stressed people should try
something new, interesting and challenging
in
order to give their negative feelings an outlet.
4. The teacher gives more homework to the
student who has bad grades instead of cutting it
down.
5. By contrast, American parents are
more likely to attribute their children's success
to natural talent.
6. One of a teacher's
priorities is to stimulate students' interests and
their creativity.
XI.
1.
除了其他内容，他的研究还牵涉到发展中国家与爱滋病的斗争。
2.
这些人明白了他们的服务越好，他们就挣得越多。
3.
尽管父亲似乎忧虑不安，但苏珊感觉不到他在表情或行动上有什么变化。
4.
能获得多少经济资助已成为学生选择上哪所学校的更重要的因素。
5.
她已经减少了外出和买衣服的花费,但她还是没钱开始还债。
6.
控制压力的方法之一是认识到生活中有很多事情是我们无法掌控的。
CLOZE
XII.
Structured Writing
My
friend Jack has become a workaholic. He has too
strong a desire to prove himself. According to
him, good
enough is never good enough. While
others want only to finish a few things, he aims
to do everything by himself.
Also, he is
unwilling to spend time with his family, playing
with the dog, or going fishing. He would feel
guilty if he did so, because he believes that
all his time should be spent working. He even
wishes that he
could have a day of 26 hours or
even more. He has become a workaholic whether he
likes it or not.
Section B
Comprehension
of the Text
II.
1. F
Vocabulary
III.
5.
summarize
IV.
1. There
isn't anything to do other than wait to see what
will happen.
2. Although Bill was going to the
movies, he told Joe to the contrary.
3. I
wonder who it was that defined man as a rational
animal.
4. Traveling in that country isn't
necessarily expensive; you can find reasonably
priced hotels and restaurants.
5. Janet tends
to get angry if you bother her.
6. I would
rather walk there than go by bus.
7. She was
held for twenty days and at times she feared for
her life.
8. He's been burning the midnight
oil for a week now, getting ready for finals.
9. For many people the only possible way to
escape from poverty is to move to other countries.
10. Born in Milan, he dropped out of
university to devote himself to music.
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册Unit 8答案
Unit 8
Comprehension of the Text
I.
1.
Today’s college beginners are more consumeristic
and less at any time in the 17 years of the poll.
2. It is less important than being financially
well off or successful.
3. Work is not the
only thing they live for, and they are meant to do
more.
4. To help students become aware of the
meaning of life.
5. Education teaches us to
see the connections between things as well as see
beyond our immediate needs.
6. We can improve
our moral sense by acquiring knowledge accumulated
throughout the ages.
7. In the long run,
education should be about teaching people how to
distinguish right from wrong.
8. We ought to
give our ability to our work but our genius to our
lives.
Vocabulary
III.
1. render 2.
contribution 3. popular
6. diverse 7.
accumulated 8. distinguish 9. puzzling 10.
confine
IV.
1. His past record is
certainly something he is proud of.
2. The members of the committee, after a two-
hour discussion, finally arrived at a solution.
3. If we want to arrive there in time, we have
to travel by day as well as by night.
4. I was shocked when I read of his death in a
newspaper.
5. According to the police, the
young man was arrested at the scene of the
robbery.
6. There is nothing more frustrating
than spending hours searching for information,
only to discover the
information useless.
7. It is unnecessary to worry a lot. In fact,
things will get better in the long run.
8. My
smile was meant to show interest in this trip, but
Carla was far too intelligent to believe it showed
anything of the sort.
9. The number of
students who want to be enrolled in engineering
courses is way up.
10. The little girl is
so fond of her dog that she gives it a piece of
chocolate every day.
V.
1. A 2. D 3.
M 4. N 5. E 6. J 7. C 8. L 9. G 10.
H
Word Building
VI.
1. weekly 2.
attractive 3. worldly 4. costly 5.
secondary
6. leisurely 7. earthly 8.
customary 9. protective 10. progressive
11.
sickly 12. momentary 13. manly 14. orderly
VII.
1. backward(s) 2. strangely 3.
outward(s) 4. unfortunately
5. homeward(s)
6. originally 7. sadly 8. inward(s)
Sentence
structure
VIII.
1. On no account will
they give up the plan.
2. Little does
he know much his parents love him.
3. Not
until he read the report did he realize what a
serious mistake he had made.
4. Hardly could
the poor old man fall asleep with a pain in his
leg.
5. Under no conditions will we give in to
their demands.
IX.
1. While I agree it is
a tough problem, I don’t think it cannot be
solved.
2. While Sara cannot come to help us,
she will give us some suggestions.
3. While
people admit pollution is very serious, few are
willing to take measures.
4. While it’s
raining hard now, it will clear up anytime.
5.
While it is true we need money badly, we cannot
steal it.
Translation
X.
1. Little
did she know that this picture would one day be
worth more than a million dollars.
2. While I
understand what you say, I don’t agree with you on
the issue.
3. I think the police are meant to
protect people.
4. I went to see him
yesterday, only to find that he had gone abroad
several days before.
5. At the weekly meeting,
everyone must confine their remarks to the
subject.
6. If only I hadn’t said those silly
words! I was too young then to distinguish right
from wrong.
XI.
1.
五年前我几乎不会想到今天我会与这么多来自世界各地的学生坐在一起学习英语。
2.
虽然这些职位给你带来荣耀和权力，但是它也赋予你巨大的责任。
3.
从长远来看，粮食生产和人口增长之间的竞争难以轻易解决。
4. 有时我们发现，自己爬上了成功的
阶梯，却发现阶梯靠在错误的墙壁上。（即：我们爬上去了，却发现不是自己真正
追求的东西。）
5. 新计划的目的是让年轻人快速走上管理岗位。
6.
这个年轻人志向高远，非常希望能有所成就，让父母为他骄傲。
Cloze
XII.
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. A
10. A
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D 17. A 18.
D 19. C
XIV.
There has been a sad
tendency among youngsters in valuing material
things more and more. For college students,
the most popular subjects that they prefer to
choose are accounting, computer programming,
business, etc.
When they graduate from
colleges, the jobs they prefer to choose are sales
representative, advertisement
designing,
international business, etc. Fewer and fewer
people are choosing teaching or social services as
their life career.
Section B
Comprehension of the Text
II.
1. T
2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. F
Vocabulary
III.
1. eliminate 2.
displayed 3. implicit 4. promotion 5. motivated
6. prospect 7. constructed 8. civil 9.
preference 10. absence
IV.
1. Correct
form: in particular; synonym:
especiallyparticularly
2. Correct form: in
short; synonym: in brief
3. Correct form: are
committed to; definition: promise to do (sth.)
4. Correct form: based … on; definition: use…
as a basis
5. Correct form: ByIn comparison;
synonym: compared to
6. Correct form: at
large; synonym: as a whole; in general
7.
Correct form: happy with; synonym: satisfied with
8. Correct form: associated with; synonym:
connected with
9. Correct form: ground to a
halt; definition: gradually stop
10. Correct
form: protect… from; synonym: defend… from
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册Unit 9答案
Unit 9
Comprehension of the Text
I.
1.
His mother. Because she influenced his thoughts
and attitudes toward life.
2. He learned from
his mother that one should never quit.
3. The
family was homeless, jobless and penniless with
three babies waiting to be fed.
4. She quit
school to find a job as a grocer and moved the
family to live with her brother, Allen.
5. She
discovered in him a talent for words.
6.
Though very poor, she signed him up for a set of
books for intermediate and advanced readers.
7. He worked as a reporter with the Baltimore
Sun and later with The New York Times. He won the
Pulitzer Prize.
8. No, she didn’t have the
chance to know of it because her health collapsed,
but she always believed in
it.
Vocabulary
III.
IV.
with
V.
5,A
Word Building
VI.
1. After working
extra hours for several months, I have repaid the
money to the bank.
2. I didn’t enjoy the story
at first, but I came to like it when I reread it.
3. He replaced the book on the shelf when he
finished it.
4. She is slowly regaining he
strength after the accident.
5. The old city
center was redesigned after the war.
6. She
was asked to reconsider her decision to leave the
job.
7. After the disaster the government
spent millions of dollars helping the local people
to reconstruct their
homes.
8. The museum
has such a fine set of old paintings that it is
worth revisiting.
VII.
1. dishonest 2.
discouraged 3. displeased 4. discontinued
5.
disappearing 6. discharged 7. disclosed 8.
dislike
Sentence Structure
VIII.
1.
I’ve made up my mind to marry him even if my
mother objects.
2. She has problems finding a
job even if she gets a Bachelor’s degree.
3.
Even if you normally have good skin, some pats of
the face may become dry during the winter.
4.
The young man felt great sadness even if he did
not find the words to express it.
5. Even if
you don’t watch music programs, you’ve probably
heard his songs.
IX.
1. The clearer a
goal is , the easier it is to decide whether the
goal is achievable.
2. The angrier I got, the
less he said.
3. The larger the city is, the
greater the increase in population is.
4. The
longer they stick to their goal, the greater the
chances of success are.
5. The more expensive
the restaurant is, the better the food it serves.
Translation
X.
1. I am sure that I
will make something of myself, even though I have
not achieved any major success so far.
2. I
have been working hard for so many years; I feel I
am entitled to a good future.
3. When her
husband deserted her, leaving her with nothing but
scattered pieces of life to pick up, she went
insane.
4. From my standpoint, Mother was
too hard on me then, without taking my feelings
into account.
5. When I reached the summit of
my professional career, mother's words
were
constantly in my mind.
6. You should know
better than to play football in the street.
XI.
1. 詹姆士是个诚实的人，尽管我反对他这个人，我还是要这样说。
2. 组织越庞大，越难做出决定。
3. 是真英雄方能临危不惧。
4.
持有该票者能免费入场。
5.
在英国，他是第一个有意识的从事散文写作并且有所建树的人。
6.
失业半年后，她报名参加了烹饪班，希望能尽快找到工作。
Cloze
Structured Writing
XIV.
Some people
think that books are the main source of himan
knowledge, summaries of what people have acquired
in their struggle with nature and society.
Moreover, with the rapid development of modern
society, book
knowledge is updated from time
to time. For these people, books are everything.
However, book knowledge is not everything!
Books can never cover all the things and
happenings in the world.
Book knowledge is
only a recording of what has been discovered.
There are many mysteries unsolved and we can
find no answers from books up to now. So if
one does not try to learn something beyond books,
it will be difficult
for one to cope with some
practical problems.
We should develop our
ability through practice and observing the world.
It is not practical to rely on books
only.
Section B
Reading Skills
I.
4,C
Comprehension of the Test
II.
Vocabulary
III.
IV.
1. He is a man who prefers action to
words.
2. The child was told time and time
again not to go near the railway but he didn't
seem to listen.
3. John studied hard before
the examination and it paid off. He made an A.
4. In the meantime, focus your attention on
something that you're really interested in and
never quit.
5. With reference to the school
uniform policy, there were various thoughts and
feelings among students.
6. Would you please
look at my paper and give your suggestions about
it?
7. I felt obliged to go over there to say
sorry to him as I didn't want to hurt his
feelings.
8. It only took about 30 minutes
before the high school was filled up with the
survivors of the disaster.
9. He slipped and
broke his leg. As a result, he will have to be
away from school for two or three months.
10.
This newly invented device will help those people
who tend to get themselves injured.
新视野大学英语（第二版）第二册Unit 10答案
Unit 10
Comprehension of the Text
I.
1. He
was head of the European staff of the Columbia
Broadcasting System and a news broadcaster.
2.
He felt sorry for the suffering of London during
the attach by the German bombers.
3. Because
he believed that whatever London had to endure, it
could not be destroyed.
4. They were sure
about their ultimate triumph over England.
5.
They believed that London would surrender after it
became a burned city.
6. Because they had the
English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi
ground forces, and they had the Royal
Air
Force to battle the Nazi in the sky.
7. On the
one hand, they stayed calm and tried to continue
living their lives; on the other hand, they did
their best to help to defend their nation.
8. He predicted that the English people would
win the final victory.
Vocabulary
III.
IV.
V.
6. G
Word
Building
VI.
1. misreported 3.
misspells 4. misplaced 6. misusing misuse 7.
mistake 8. misled
VII.
2. irresponsible
4. characterized 5. redoubling 6. fashionable
7. unfair 8. disobeys
Sentence Structure
VIII.
1. as though he wee the only person
who scored over 90.
2. as though she had seen
a ghost there
3. as though he were her own son
4. as though he were attending a party.
5.
as though he knew everything.
IX.
1. You
should wear whichever dress suits you best for the
evening party.
2. You can settle down in
whichever area you choose.
3. Whichever (of
you) comes first will receive a gift.
4. All
my books are here. You may borrow whichever you
like.
5. I have several spare rooms. Whichever
you want is yours.
Translation
X.
1.
I remember the whole thing clearly as though it
had happened yesterday.
2. Whichever of them
writes the best essay will win the prize.
3.
It turned out that the budget provided for a
salary increase one year later.
4. She did the
same job day after day and year after year, but
she never complained.
5. She endured all kinds
of hardships on the journey; nothing could keep
her from finding her lost daughter.
6. Don't
get mixed up with that gang. They have committed
many bad things in broad daylight.
XI.
1.市民抢购瓶装水，就好像接下来几天饮用水可能会短缺似的。
2.
学会用最适合你自己的办法放松，是一种有助于健康的积极办法。
3.
在战役中，为数不多的战士们英勇抗敌，壮烈牺牲。
4.
他们奋战了4个多小时才将大火控制住，避免了危险的火势蔓延到整个小镇。
5.
他告诉她，不管遇到什么麻烦，她都永远有一位可依赖的朋友。
6.
银行可以贷款给一些小公司以防它们倒闭。
Cloze
XII.
Structured Writing
XIV.
London would
not surrender. All the people of London were in
the front lines. They put out endless fires from
the heavy bombing. They dug quickly in cellars
to rescue their friends who had been buried
underneath the
wreckage. London people
prepared to fight on with every possible means
until the last Englishman died or the
invaders
were driven off.
Section B
Comprehension
of the Text
II.
Vocabulary
III.
IV.
1. wanting in for off way to
into of his key to the door behind seized
with fear into …
in
Unit 1 Section A
时间观念强的美国人
Para. 1 美国人认为没有人能停止不前。如果你不求进取，你就会
落伍。这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。时间
是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另
一个是劳力。
Para. 2 人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。”人们似乎是把时间当作一
个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待的。我们安排时间、节
约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减
时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。时间是一种宝贵的
资源，许多人都深感
人生的短暂。时光一去不复返。我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。
Para. 3 外国人对
美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙——常常处于压力之下。城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的
地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人
。白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆
忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。工作时间被认为是宝贵的。Pa
ra. 3b 在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人吃完后用餐，
以便按时赶回去工作。你还会发现司机
开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。
不要觉得
这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。
Para. 4 许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或咖
啡一边进行的礼节性交流，
这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生
意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。一般说来，美国人是不会
在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们
的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打
高尔夫球。既然我们通
常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。因此，时间老是在我们心中的耳朵里滴滴答答地响着。
Para. 5 因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。我们发明了一系列节省
劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速
地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然
面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间, 尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。因此，我们
把大多数个
人拜访安排在下班以后的时间里或周末的社交聚会上。
Para. 6
就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。在有些国家, 如果
没有目光接
触，就做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。在美国，最后协议通常也需要本人签字。然而现
在人们越来越多地在电视屏幕上见面，
开远程会议不仅能解决本国的问题，而且还能通过卫星解决国际问
题。
Para. 7
美国无疑是一个电话王国。几乎每个人都在用电话做生意、与朋友聊天、安排或取消社交约会、表达谢意、 购物
和获得各
种信息。电话不但能免去走路之劳，而且还能节约大量时间。其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美
国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务
的效率则差一些。
Para. 8 有些初来美国的
人来自其他文化背景不同的国家，在他们的国家，人们认为工作太快是一种失礼。在他们看来，如果不花一
定时间来处理某件事的话，那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。因此,
人们觉得用的时间长会增加所做事情的
重要性。 但在美国，能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作则被
视为是有水平、有能力的标志。通常，工作越重要，投入的资金、精
力和注意力就越多，其目的是“使工
作开展起来”。
Unite 1 section B 文化冲击
Para. 1
你认为在异国留学是一件听上去非常令人兴奋的事情吗?
会像许多离家去另一个国家学习的年轻人一样感觉很有趣吗? 这
当然是一种崭新的经历，它会给你带来
机会，让你发现许多迷人的东西，获得一种自由感。然而，尽管有这些好处，你也会遇到挑战。
因为你的
观点可能会与存在于不同国家的不同信念、准则、价值观念和传统发生冲突。你也许会感到很难去适应一种新的文
化以及该
文化中你不熟悉的那些部分。这就是“文化冲击”。人们经历文化冲击的过程至少包括四个主要
阶段。
Para. 2 第一阶段叫做“蜜月期”。在这一阶段，你会感觉到生活在一个不同国度里
很兴奋，而且每一样东西看上去都妙不可言。你
什么都喜欢，而且好像每个人都对你很好。另外，新的文
化中的生活乐趣好像是无穷无尽的。
Para. 3 然而，文化冲击的第二阶段终究会出现，这
就是“敌对期”。你开始注意到并不是每样东西都像你原先认为的那样好。你会
对新的文化里的许多东西
感到厌倦。此外，人们也不再把你当作一个客人来对待了。所有最初看上去非常美好的东西现在变得让人讨
厌了，而且每一样东西都使你感到苦恼和厌倦。
Para. 4 通常，在你适应一种新文化的
这一阶段中，你会想出一些防卫性的办法来帮助你应付难关，保护自己免受文化冲击的影响。
其中一种办
法叫做“压抑法”。当你假装所有的东西都可以接受，没有什么东西令你感到烦恼的时候，你就是在运用压抑法。
另一种防
卫性办法称做“倒退法”。当你的行为举止开始显得比你实际年龄要小的时候，你就是在运用这
种办法。这时，你的行为举止像一个小
孩。你把什么都忘掉了，而且有时你会变得粗心大
意，不负责任。第三种防卫性办法叫做“孤立法”。你宁可一个人呆在家里，不想和
任何人交流。你想把
自己封闭起来以避免文化冲击的影响，至少你是这样认为的。孤立法也许是人们用来对付文化冲击的最糟糕的办<
br>法之一，因为你把那些能真正帮助你的东西和你隔离开来了。最后一种防卫性办法叫做“排斥法”。这一办
法让你觉得自己不需要任何
人帮助。你觉得你可以独自把事情处理好，所以你就不想求助于人。
Para. 5 你在敌意阶段使用的这些办法并不能解决问题。如果你仅仅是偶尔运用一下其中一个
应付办法来帮助你生存下去，这也无妨。
但是你必须谨慎。这些办法可能会真的使你受到伤害，因为它们
会阻碍你对新的文化作出必要的调整。
Para. 6 在克服了自己的敌对情绪后，你就会开始
认识到文化冲击的短暂性。然后你就会步入被称为“恢复期”的第三阶段。在这个
阶段，你会开始变得积
极起来，而且你会努力去理解所有你不理解的东西。整个形势开始变得对你有利了，你会从前面两个阶段出现的症状中恢复过来。而且你开始使自己适应新的准则、新的价值观念，乃至这个新的国家的各种信念和传统。
你开始明白，虽然这种
新的文化的特点和你自己国家的文化特点有所不同，但其中也必定有值得你学习和
欣赏的东西。
Para. 7 文化冲击的最后一个阶段被称为“适应期”。在这个阶段，你真正达
到了感觉良好的境界，因为你已经学到了很多东西, 已
经能理解这种新的文化了。最初使你感到不舒服
或陌生的东西，现在已成了你能理解的东西。这种理解会减轻你的许多压力。现在你
感到自在了，你已经
适应了新的文化。
Para. 8 文化冲击是生活在异国他乡的人无法避免的东西。当你在经历
文化冲击的这四个阶段时，它似乎并不是一件有益的事。然而，
当你完全适应了某一种新的文化时，你会
更加充分地喜爱这种文化的。 你学会了如何和他人交流，而且你还了解了大量与自己不同
文化背景的
人们的生活情况。此外，了解其他各种文化，以及懂得当你身处其中时如何去适应所受到的冲击，可以帮助你更好
地了解
自己。
Unit2学习奥林匹克标准的爱
Para. 1 尼克莱•彼得
罗维奇•安尼金一点都不像我想象的那么吓人。不，他不可能是我父亲特地送我来见的那位前苏联教练。
Para. 2 可他的确是尼克莱•彼得罗维奇•安尼金本人。他请我进门，在沙发上坐了下来，又拍
了拍身边的垫子，让我坐在他旁边。在
他面前，我真的很紧张。
Para. 3
“你还年轻，” 他的英语带着俄语口音：“如果你愿意试着向奥林匹克运动会进军，我想你能行。长野奥运会来
不及参加了，
但你可以准备参加2002年盐湖城奥运会。”
Para. 4
“完全可以，不是吗?” 看到我脸上惊愕的表情，他又说道。我那时是一个很有前途的业余滑雪运动员，但在国
内决不是顶
尖选手。“当然，你需要进行很多艰苦的训练，你会哭鼻子，但你一定会进步的。”
Para. 5 的确，后来我经历了无数痛苦的训练，还为此流了不少眼泪。但在后来的五年里，我
总能从尼克莱讲的有趣故事和他的幽默
感中得到鼓励。
Para. 6
他开始总是说：“我的朋友们常去看电影，去跳舞，去和女孩子约会，” 然后他会降低声音接着说：“我就在运
动场上训练、
训练、再训练。第二年，我的15公里滑雪比赛成绩缩短了分钟。”
Para.
7 “朋友们问我：‘尼克莱，你怎么做到的呢?’我回答：‘你们去看电影、跳舞、和女孩子约会，而我一直在
训练、训练、再训
练。’ ”
Para. 8 故事通常到这儿就结束了。但有一次—
—后来我们知道那天是他结婚25周年纪念日——他穿着一件旧的毛衣，很自豪地站
着，微笑着轻声说道
：“告诉你们，我可是在26岁那年才第一次亲吻女孩子。她后来就和我结了婚。”
Para. 9
不管他是不是懂得浪漫，尼克莱知道什么是爱。他以一贯的幽默、默默的感恩、敏锐的感觉和真诚的态度为爱设立
了奥林匹
克般的标准。即使在我结束了滑雪生涯之后，我仍一直努力去达到这个标准。
Para. 10 但他又从不娇惯我。二月里的一天，我头很疼，感到十分疲倦。我在一片空地上遇见
了了他，大概在寒风中的雪地里滑了十
五分钟后，我赶上了他，有点小题大做地说：“嘿，尼克莱，我感
觉我要死了。”
Para. 11 “如果活到一百岁，人人都会死的，”
他对我的痛苦无动于衷，态度坚决地接着说：“但你现在必须滑、滑、再滑。”
Para. 12 在
滑雪板上，我照他说的去做。但在其他事情上我会反抗他。在一次经费并不宽裕的滑雪露营活动中，他让我们十个
人挤在
一个单身汉住的芬兰式屋子里。第一天我们醒来时发现尼克莱正在做早餐。然后我们坐在临时拼凑
起来的椅子上，围着张小小的牌桌，
用勺子很快地吃完早饭。吃完后，尼克莱把摞起来的油腻腻的碗向我
和我唯一的另一个女队友前一推，专断地说：“女孩子们，现在去
洗碗吧！”
Para.
13 我把餐巾往地上一扔，向他骂道：“让该死的男孩子们去洗吧! 这不公平!”
他没再让我去洗碗，也没对我的大发脾气显得
太在意。他只在滑雪时才显露出强烈的情感。
Para. 14
训练的时候，他会跟着我们迈步的节奏大声发出指令：“对，就这样，一二三，一二三。” 我祖父的一个好朋友
——一位上
了年纪的女士——看了尼克莱带我训练的录像带后问道：“他也教舞蹈吗?”
Para. 15
在训练时，我一刻不停地纠正着尼克莱指出的错误。每完成一个动作，我都会问他自己是否有了进步。
Para. 16 “是的，还行。但如果膝盖能屈得更快些就更好了。”
Para.
17 “可我滑得够快了吗?” 我坚持问他。
Para. 18
最后他会皱起眉头说：“你得无数次地重复，动作才能达到完美。”
他提醒我“必须有耐心”，言语之间流露出“我已经告
诉过你无数次了”的意思。
Para.
19 尼克莱的耐心和我的勤奋使我在全国名列第四，并开始为奥运会季前赛做准备。但后来我没能被选拔参加2
002年奥运会。
Para. 20 去年夏天，我回去拜访尼克莱。他给我沏了茶••还自己洗了碗
！我们坐在沙发上聊天。怀念起前一年的奥林匹克队，我一时
沉默，回想起自己曾经获得的一切——很重
要的一点就是我和这个穿着颇具热带风情衬衫、个子不高的男人之间形成了并不张扬但又
牢不可摧的纽带
。
Para. 21 尼克莱教会我即使需要无数次的努力，也要有勇气、热情和严格的纪律来坚持下
去。他还教会我为了能在这世界上生活一辈
子而预先心存感激，并每天提醒自己：即便面临许多挑战，“
现在心里有的必须是爱、爱、爱。”
奥林匹克的卓越标准
Para. 1 奥林匹克运
动会依然是一个为竞争而竞争的最纯粹的例子。运动员们在事业和身体上作出牺牲，他们冒着受伤、受挫和彻底<
br>失败的危险，仅仅为了国家和自身的荣誉而竞争。为了获得这样的荣誉，运动员必须发挥在自己的项目上的
最佳水平，在世界最大的
竞技舞台上发挥模范作用。虽然必须承认，有的运动员利用兴奋剂来提升自己的
表现，从而取得优势，但他们从未获得过奥运会所能
给予的唯一真正的奖赏，那就是荣誉。而且他们也从
未体验过通过刻苦训练与决心这些美德而获胜所带来的光荣感。
迄今为止，卡尔•刘易斯是奥运会田
径项目最伟大的选手，也是奥运精神的典范。这不仅是因为他屡屡获得金牌——刘易斯在四个项
目的比赛
中获得过九枚金牌，在100米短跑和跳远比赛中保持世界记录——而且是因为他天性中所富有的竞争力和从19
84年到1996
年间在每一届奥运会上所表现出的竞争和获胜的能力。如果不是美国拒绝出席1980
年奥运会，他也会参加那一年的奥运竞赛。凭着速
度、稳定的发挥、诚实，尤其是获胜的渴望，刘易斯的
表现非秒表所能计量，甚至使时间也停滞不前。他要求自己发挥出最佳水平，
而且他取得最好成绩靠的不
是服用药物，而是无与伦比的自制力和训练时的完全投入。
Para. 3 令人惊讶的是，卡尔•
刘易斯的父母在他年幼时鼓励他去上音乐课，而不是去参加田径训练。但是他不愿去，而是把一条胶带
粘
在地上，以此标出跳远世界记录的距离，然后以非凡的决心开始向着目标练习跳远。他的父亲评价道：“有些孩子
今天想着以后当消
防员，明天又梦想成为电影明星。卡尔决心练习田径,
后来始终没有改变。他说他想成为最好的，就这些。”
他多年的训练和从容的
自信为他以后卓越的田径生涯打好了基础。
Para. 4 然而
在1985年，卡尔•刘易斯的运动生涯蒙上了一片阴影：加拿大短跑运动员本•约翰逊在100米短跑中频频击
败刘易斯。
虽然1988年刘易斯参加汉城奥运会时满怀信心，但就算对径赛知之甚少的旁观者们也都认
为约翰逊会获胜。全世界都急切地观望着，
等待着，想知道谁是“世界上跑得最快的人”。当选手们在最
后一轮比赛中站在起跑线上时，所有照相机的镜头都对准了刘易斯和约翰
逊。发令枪“啪”地一声响过之
后，运动员从起跑线上冲了出去。人们习惯于看到刘易斯在赛程的前一半落在后面——他就是这种与
众不
同的风格——最后来个大跨步的奋力冲刺。因此，当他们看到约翰逊凭着起跑时的爆发力领先时都屏住了呼吸，不
知道刘易斯最
后的冲刺是否能够击败对手。当他们逼近终点线的时候，刘易斯奋力加速，但是，可惜的是
，刘易斯秒的个人最好成绩不敌约翰逊秒
的世界记录。约翰逊被称为“历史上跑得最快的人”，而刘易斯
看来以后的比赛中只能争夺第二名了。但两天以后，约翰逊因赛后的药
检结果显示其服用了类固醇而被取
消了金牌，并被国际奥委会送回国。金牌被转而授予刘易斯，可很多人并不认为他获得了真正的胜
利，而
他也被席卷进对田径赛的一片指责声中。更糟糕的是，刘易斯以前的一个对手指控他也服用了类固醇。刘易斯对此
坚决予以否
认，并在法官面前证明杂志刊登这样的消息是毫无根据的行为，以此作为反击。他一次次地参
加药检以证明自身的清白。刘易斯反对
在比赛中服用类固醇。除了在谣言中，他从未和使用药物的丑闻联
系在一起过。
Para. 5 凭着对运动的持续奉献和对竞技的热爱，刘易斯消除了人们对径赛
项目的一些疑虑，阻止了汉城奥运会后民众对奥运会支持
下降的颓势。他以自己的不断努力和对短跑和跳
远的诚实参与向世界证明，奥林匹克精神并未消亡。1992年，刘易斯第三次参加奥运
会，并在跳远和
4×100米接力赛中获得两枚金牌。他在公众中所受到的欢迎不亚于一位国王受到的礼遇。
Para. 6 令人惊叹的卡尔•刘易斯已经证明自己不同于历史上任何一位运动员。这并不是因为他
能获胜，而是因为他能诚实地获胜，他
热爱竞争，他能在最长的时间里做出最大的努力。他对体育竞技的
热爱真正为奥林匹克的卓越设立了新的标准。
UNIT 3 SECTION A跨国婚姻
Para. 1 我和盖尔计划举行一个不事张扬的婚礼。在两年的相处中，我们的关系经历了起伏，这
是一对情侣在学着相互了解、理解和
尊重时常常出现的。但在这整整两年间，我们坦诚地面对彼此性格中
的弱点和优点。
Para. 2 我们之间的种族及文化差异不但增强了我们的关系，还教会了我们
要彼此宽容、谅解和开诚布公。盖尔有时不明白为何我和
其他黑人如此关注种族问题，而我感到吃惊的是
，她好像忘记了美国社会中种族仇恨种种微妙的表现形式。
Para. 3 对于成为居住在美国、
异族通婚的夫妻，我和盖尔对未来没有不切实际的幻想。相互信任和尊重才是我们俩永不枯竭的力量
源泉
。
Para. 4 许多夫妻因为错误的理由结了婚, 结果在 10 年、20 年或 30 年
后才发觉他们原来是合不来的。他们在婚前几乎没有花时间
去互相了解，他们忽视了严重的性格差异，指
望婚姻会自然而然地解决各种问题。我们希望避免重蹈覆辙。事实更说明了这一点：已
经结婚 35
年的盖尔的父母正经历着一场充满怨恨、令人痛苦的婚变，这件事给盖尔带来了很大打击,
并一度给我们正处于萌芽状态
的关系造成了负面影响。
Para. 5 当
盖尔把我们计划举办婚礼的消息告诉家人时，她遇到了一些阻力。她的母亲德博拉过去一直赞成我们的关系，甚至
还开过
玩笑，问我们打算何时结婚，这样她就可以抱外孙了。但这次听到我们要结婚的消息时，她没有向
我们表示祝贺，反而劝盖尔想清楚
自己的决定是否正确。
Para. 6
“这么说我跟他约会没错，但是如果我跟他结婚，就错了。妈妈，是不是因为他的肤色？”
盖尔后来告诉我她曾这样问她母
亲。
Para. 7 “首先我必须承认，刚开始时我对
异族通婚是有保留意见的，也许你甚至可以把这称为偏见。但是当我见到马克时，我发现
他是一个既讨人
喜欢又聪明的年轻人。任何一个母亲都会因为有这样一个女婿而感到脸上有光的。所以，这事跟肤色没有关系。是
的，
我的朋友们会说闲话。 有些朋友甚至对你所做的事表示震惊。但他们的生活与我们的不同。因此你
要明白，马克的肤色不是问题。我
最大的担心是你也许跟我当初嫁给你爸爸一样，为了错误的原因而嫁给
马克。当年我和你爸爸相遇时，在我眼中，他可爱、 聪明、富
有魅力又善解人意。一切都是那么新鲜、
那么令人兴奋。而且我们两人都认为，我们的婚姻是理想婚姻，至少表面上看是如此，而且
一切迹象都表
明我们的婚姻会天长地久。直到后来我才明白，在我们结婚时，我并不十分理解我所爱的人——你的爸爸。”
Para. 8 “但是我和马克呆在一起已有两年多了，” 盖尔抱怨道。“我们俩一起经历了许许
多多的事情。我们彼此多次看到对方最糟
糕的一面。我可以肯定时间只能证明我们是彼此深情相爱的。”
Para. 9 “你也许是对的。但我还是认为再等一等没坏处。你才 25 岁。”
Para. 10 盖尔的父亲戴维—— 我还未见过他的面——
以知事莫若父的态度对待我们的决定。他问的问题基本上和盖尔母亲的问题
相同：“干吗这么匆忙?
这个马克是什么人?
他是什么公民身份？”当他得知我办公民身份遇到了问题时，就怀疑我是因为想留在美国
而娶他女儿的。
Para. 11 “不过爸爸，你这话讲得太难听了，” 盖尔说。
Para. 12
“那么干吗要这样着急？” 他重复地问。
Para. 13
“马克是有公民身份方面的问题，但他总是在自己处理这些问题，”
盖尔辩解道。“事实上，当我们在讨论结婚的时候，他
清楚地表明了一点：如果我对任何事情有怀疑,
我完全可以取消我们的计划。”
Para. 14 她父亲开始引用统计数据说明异族通婚的离婚率
比同族结婚的要高，而且还列举了接受过他咨询的、在婚姻上有麻烦的异族
通婚夫妇的例子。
Para. 15 他问道：“你考虑过你将来的孩子可能会遭受的苦难吗？”
Para.
16 “爸爸，你是种族主义者吗？”
Para. 17
“不，当然不是。但你必须得现实一点。”
Para. 18
“也许我们的孩子会遇到一些问题。但谁的孩子不会呢？可是有一样东西他们将会永远拥有，那就是我们的爱。”
Para. 19 “那是理想主义的想法。人们对异族通婚生下的孩子是会很残酷的。”
Para. 20 “爸爸，到时候我们自己会操心的。但是假如我们在做什么事之前，就必须把所有的
疑难问题全部解决的话，那么我们几乎
什么都干不成了。”
Para. 21
“记住，你什么时候改变主意都不晚。”
Section B unit 3 里奇拜见未来的岳母
Para. 1
经过反复思考，我终于想出了一个绝妙的计划：让里奇与我妈妈见面，并把她争取过来。事实上，
让我妈妈特地为他掌勺烧
饭是我做的安排。
Para. 2
一天，妈妈打电话给我，要我参加爸爸的生日宴。我弟弟文森特将带上他的女友莉萨 •
卢姆。我也可以带一个朋友去。
Para. 3 我知道妈妈会亲自下厨的，因为烧菜做饭是表达
她的爱、她的自豪和她在家中权力的方式，也可用以证明她比其他任何人都
懂得多。“千万记住在饭后告
诉我妈妈，说她做的饭菜是你吃过的饭菜中最可口的，” 我对里奇说, “相信我的话。”
Para. 4
爸爸生日宴的前夜，我坐在厨房里看着妈妈忙乎，等待合适的时机来告诉她我们的结婚计划。我们已决定在 7
月结婚，大约
还有 7
个月的时间。她正在把大蒜切成小方块，把卷心菜切成小片，同时闲聊着有关素媛姨妈的事：
“她只会看着烹饪指南烧菜, 而
我对烹饪了如指掌。我只要用鼻子闻闻就知道该放什么佐料了！” 她
切得很快，好像一点也不注意她手中那把锋利的切菜刀，我真害
怕她的手指尖也会成为紫色蔬菜烧猪肉的
佐料。
Para. 5 我希望她会先提起里奇。我注意到了她开门时的面部表情, 她当时勉强
地笑了笑，从头到脚地打量着里奇，以验证素媛阿姨
对里奇的评价。我尽力设想她会有哪些不满意的地方
。
Para. 6 里奇不仅不是华人，而且他还比我小几岁。更糟的是，由于他那头红色的卷发
、光洁白晰的皮肤以及鼻子两边一片桔黄色的
雀斑, 他看上去比我年轻了很多。他稍微矮了一点，长得
很结实。他身穿深色套装，看上去讨人喜欢，但让人过眼就忘，就像追悼会
上遇见的某个人的侄子。这就
是为什么我们在公司里一起工作的第一年里我没有注意到他的原因。但是我妈妈却把一切都看在了眼里。
Para. 7 “你认为里奇怎么样？” 终于，
我屏住呼吸问道。
Para. 8
她把大蒜扔进了烧热的油锅里，发出了刺耳的响声。“他脸上那么多斑点，” 她说。
我听后感到背上起了鸡皮疙瘩。“那是雀斑，你知道雀斑象征着好运。”
我感到我得为他辩解。我提高嗓门压倒厨房里的噪声，我
自己也感到我太激动了点。
“哦，是吗？” 她不经意地说。
“是的，雀斑越多越好。人人都知道这一点。”
Para. 12 她想了一会儿, 然后笑了,
接着用汉语方言说：“也许是这样。你小时候得过水痘。长了许多小痘痘，你只好在家里呆了 10
天。可真走运啊，你想想！”
Para. 13
我在厨房里救不了里奇，后来在餐桌上我也救不了他。
Para. 14 他买了瓶法国葡萄酒，
并不知道我父母不喜欢这玩意儿，我父母甚至连像样的红酒杯也没有。接着他又犯了个错误：他喝
了不是
一杯，而是满满两大毛玻璃杯的葡萄酒，而其他人的杯子里都只有半英寸高的酒，大家只是 “尝尝而已” 。
Para. 15 最糟糕的是他批评了我妈妈的烹饪手艺，而他竟然没意识到自己做了什么。我妈妈
总是要对她自己的烹饪发表一些评论，
说一些自己的菜烧得不好之类的话，这是中国厨师的习惯。那晚她
原打算说说自己的拿手菜——梅干菜蒸肉，上这个菜时她总是特别
得意。
Para. 16
“唉，这个菜不够咸，没味道，” 尝了一小口后，她抱怨道。“太难吃了。”
Para. 17
这句话在我们家意味着让大家来尝一点，并且还要说这道菜是妈妈做得最好的一次。但是我们还没能来得及说一些
这样圆
滑得体的话，里奇就说：“嗯，这菜只需要加一点点酱油。”
接着他无视我母亲惊诧的眼光，把许多咸乎乎、黑溜溜的东西倒进了瓷盘
里。
Para.
18 虽然吃饭时，我一直希望我妈妈能从某种角度看到里奇的善良、幽默感和魅力，但是我清楚里奇在她的眼
里已经是一败涂
地了。
Para. 19 很显然，里奇对那晚有完全不同的看法。那晚我们
回到家里，安置肖莎娜上床睡觉后，他谦虚地说：“嗯，我觉得我们相处
得很不错。”
UNIT 4 SECTION A
大中央车站问询处桌子上方的数字钟显示：差六分六点。
约翰·布兰福德，一个年轻的高个子军官，眼睛盯着大钟，看确切的时间。
六分钟后，他将见
到一位在过去13个月里在他生命中占有特殊位置的女人，一位他素未谋面、却通过书信始终给予他力量的女人。
在他自愿参军后不久，他收到了一本这位女子寄来的书。
随书而来的还有一封信，祝他勇敢和平安。
他发现自己很多参军的朋友也收到了这位名叫霍利斯·梅内尔的女子寄来的同样的书。
他们所
有的人都从中获得了勇气，也感激她对他们为之战斗的事业的支持，但只有他给梅内尔女士回了信。
在他启程前往海外战场战斗的那天，他收到了她的回信。
站在即将带他进入敌人领地的货船甲板上，他一遍又一遍地读着她的来信。
13个月来，她忠实地给他写信。
即使没有他的回信，她仍然一如既往地写信给他，从未减少过。
在那段艰苦战斗的日子里，她的信鼓励着他，给予他力量。
收到她的信，他就仿佛感到自己能存活下去。
一段时间后，他相信他们彼此相爱，就像是命运让他们走到了一起。
但当他向她索要照片时，她却婉然拒绝。
她解释道：“如果你对我的感情是真实和真诚的，那么我长什么样又有什么关系呢。
假如我很漂亮，我会因为觉得你爱的只是我的美貌而时时困扰，那样的爱会让我厌恶。
假如我相貌平平，那我又会常常害怕你只是出于寂寞和别无他选才给我写信的。
不管是哪种情况，我都会阻止自己去爱你。
当你来纽约见我时，你可以做出自己的决定。
记住，那时候我们两个人都可以自由选择停止或继续下去──如果那是我们的选择……”
差一分六点……布兰福德的心怦怦乱跳。
一名年轻女子向他走来，他立刻感到自己与她之间存在着一种联系。
她身材修长而苗条，漂亮的金色长发卷曲在小巧的耳后。
她的眼睛如蓝色的花朵，双唇间有着一种温柔的坚毅。
她身穿别致的绿色套装，犹如春天般生气盎然。
他向她迎去，完全忘记了她并没有佩戴玫瑰。看他走来，她的嘴角露出一丝热情的微笑。
“当兵的，跟我同路？”她问道。
他不由自主地向她靠近了一步。然后，他看见了霍利斯·梅内尔。
她就站在那少女
的身后，一位四十好几的女人，头发斑斑灰白。在年轻的他的眼里，梅内尔简直就是一块活脱脱的化石。
她不是一般的胖，粗笨的双腿移动时摇摇晃晃。
但她棕色的外衣上戴着一朵红色的玫瑰。
绿衣少女快速地走过，很快消失在了雾中。
布兰福德觉得自己的心好像被压缩成一
个小水泥球，他多想跟着那女孩，但又深深地向往那位以心灵真诚地陪伴他、带给他温暖的女
人；而她正
站在那里。
现在他可以看见，她苍白而肥胖的脸上透着和善与智慧。
她灰色的眼中闪烁着温暖和善良。
布兰福德克制住跟随年轻女子而去的冲动，尽管这样做并不容易。
他的手抓着那本在他去战场前她寄给他的书，为的是让霍利斯·梅内尔认出他。
这不会成为爱
情，但将成为一样珍贵的东西，一样可能比爱情更不寻常的东西──一份他一直感激、也将继续感激的友情。
他向那个女人举起书。
“我是约翰·布兰福德，你──你就是霍利斯·梅内尔吧。
我非常高兴你能来见我。
我能请你吃晚餐么？”
那女人微笑着。
“我不知道这到底是怎么回事，孩子，”她
答道：“那位穿绿色套装的年轻女士──刚走过去的那位──请求我把这朵玫瑰别在衣服上。
她说如果你邀请我和你一起出去，我就告诉你她在公路附近的那家大餐厅等你。
她说这是一种考验。”
UNIT 4 SECTION B纳粹统治下的爱
Para. 1 1942年冬季的一天，寒冷刺骨。但在纳粹集中营中，这与别的日子没有什么差别
。自我从家中被人带走并随着数万犹太人
被带到这儿以来，我已濒临死亡，只能活一天算一天，活一小时
算一小时。我们在纳粹可怕的皮鞭下受尽煎熬。明天我还会活着吗？
今晚我会不会被带到毒气室去？或是
被警卫简简单单地用来复枪射杀？
Para. 2 我在铁丝网边踱来踱去。我并没有留意自己的
脚步，只是机械地在这块地上移动，在发现可以用来生火的一小块木头.或其
他东西时，我偶尔跪下来查
看一下。突然，我看到一个小女孩从铁丝网那边走来。她的步履轻盈，仿佛不受重力的影响，宛如仙子。
她停下来，用忧伤的眼睛看着我。集中营里的生活已经损害了我的健康。我想把目光挪开，因为我一副病容、枯瘦
如柴，又穿着破烂
肮脏的衣服，被一个陌生人这样打量，我感到特别害臊，但我的目光却无法从她的眼睛
移开。
Para. 3 这时她把手伸进口袋，掏出一个红苹果。噢，我有多久没有看到这样的苹果
了！它又是多么地闪闪发亮——比任何水晶都耀
眼！她非常谨慎地左右看看，然后一下子把它抛过铁栅栏
。我把它捡起来，用我冻僵的手捧着它。在这充满死亡的世界中，这苹果无
疑代表了生命，而她的举动就
是爱的果实。我抬头瞥见那女孩在远处渐渐消失。
Para. 4 第二天，就像被磁力吸引一
样，我又来到了铁丝网边的那块地方。我希望她再次出现。我是不是疯了？当然是。但在这里，
我不放弃
任何一丝微小的希望。
Para. 5 她又来了。她又一次给我带来了苹果，比上次更精确地将
它抛过了铁丝网。苹果飞过铁丝网，正好从我的头顶上方落下来。
我在空中接住了苹果，高举着让她看。
她的眼中闪着光芒。
Para. 6 接下来的七个月我们就这样相会，而我也习惯
了这样的苹果餐，但不久一切都结束了。一天，我听到一个骇人的消息：我将
被押往另一个集中营
Para. 7 第二天，当我再见到她的时候，我的心都碎了，我几乎无法说话，但我必须说明白：
“明天别再给我带苹果了，”我告诉她说：
“我将被押往另一个集中营。我们再也不能见面了。”在我完
全失去控制前我转身从铁丝网边跑开了。我实在不忍心再回头看。如果我
转身，我知道，她会看见我的脸
颊上滑落的眼泪。
Para. 8 岁月流逝。转眼到了1957年。我住在纽约，生活状况与纳
粹德国期间的情景相差何止天地。我做铝栅栏安装和回收的生意，
并且发了点小财。我一个做保险的朋友
劝说我与他的一位女性朋友相亲。我勉强同意了。她人还不错，叫罗玛，像我一样，她也是移
民，因此至
少在这一点上我们有共同之处。
Para. 9
“你是在战争期间流亡来到这里的吗？”罗玛用移民相互之间问及那段岁月时所特有的体贴方式柔声细语地问道。
Para. 10 “不是。那时我在德国的集中营里，”我答道。我没有说明哪个集中营，也没有说其
他任何细节。这个故事太乏味了，因为
我已经重复过许多次了。
Para. 11
罗玛的双眼透出若有所思的神色，好像回忆起了某件痛苦而又甜蜜的事情。
Para. 12
“你怎么了？”我问她。
Para. 13 “是这样，我小时候住在集中营附近。那儿有一个男孩
，一个小囚犯，有很长一段时间我每天都去看他。我记得我常常带苹
果去扔给他。我把苹果从铁丝网上扔
过去，那时他会非常开心。”
Para. 14 我的心猛地一下子剧烈地跳动起来。我凝视着她问：
“是不是那个男孩有一天对你说‘明天别给我带苹果了。我将被押往另
外一个集中营’？”
Para. 15 “没错，是啊，”罗玛用颤抖的声音应道。“但你怎么会知道的？”
Para. 16 我从桌边站起身来，拥抱着她说：“因为我就是那个小男孩，罗玛。”
UNIT 5 SECTION A我为女儿抽烟哭泣
我的女儿会抽烟。她做家庭作业时，脚搁在前面的长凳上，计算机嗒嗒地跳出几何题的答案。
我看着那包已抽了一半、她随意扔在紧
靠手边处的骆驼牌香烟。
我拿起香烟，走到厨房里去仔细察看，那里的光线好一点——谢天谢地，那是有过滤嘴的。
可我心里却感
到十分难过。我想哭。 事实上，站在炉子旁边,
我确实哭过。我手里捏着一支雪白雪白的香烟，制作得非常精致。那可是会致我女儿
于死地的东西啊。
当她抽“万宝路”及“运动员”牌香烟时，我硬起心肠,
不让自己感到难过。我认识的人当中没有哪个抽过这两种
牌子的香烟。
她不知道我父亲、也就是她外公生前抽的就是骆驼牌香烟。 但是在他开始抽机制卷烟之前——那时他很
年轻、也很穷，但眼睛炯炯有
神——他抽的是用阿尔伯特亲王牌烟丝自己手工卷制的香烟。 我还记得那
鲜红的烟丝罐头，上面有一张维多利亚女王的丈夫阿尔伯特
亲王身穿黑色燕尾服、手拿一支手杖的图片。
到40年代末、50年代初，我的家乡佐治亚州的伊腾顿镇上已没有人再自己手工制作卷烟了（而且几乎
没有女人抽烟）。 烟草业，再
加上好莱坞电影——影
片中的男女主角都是老烟鬼——把像我父亲那样的人完完全全争取了过去, 他们无可救药地抽烟上了瘾。 <
br>然而我父亲看上去从来就没有像阿尔伯特亲王那样时髦。他还是一个贫穷、过于肥胖、为养活一大家人而拼
命干活的男人。他浑身漆
黑，嘴里却总叼着一支雪白的香烟。
我记不清父亲是什么时候开始咳嗽的, 也许开始时并不明显,
他早晨一下床点燃第一支香烟时才有点微咳。 到我16岁, 也就是我女
儿现在这般年龄时，他一呼吸
就呼哧呼哧的，让人感到不安；他上楼时每走三、四级楼梯就得停下来休息一会儿。
他常常一连咳上一
个来小时。
肺病把我父亲折磨得虚弱不堪,
一个严冬，他死于被叫做“穷人的朋友”的疾病—肺炎。
他咳嗽了这么多年，我想他的肺部已没有什
么完好的地方了。 去世前几年，他的呼吸已经很虚弱了，他
总得倚靠着某个东西。我记得有一次全家聚会，当时我女儿才2岁，他抱
了她一会儿，好让我有时间给他
俩拍张照片。 但是很明显，他是费了好大劲的。他生命行将结束前,
主要是因为他的肺功能已极度受
损，他才戒了烟。
戒烟后他的体重增加了几磅，但当时他太瘦了，所以没人注意到这一点。
我到第三世界国家去旅行时，看到了许多像我父亲和女儿那样的人。
到处都有针对他们这两类人的巨大广告牌：强壮、自信或时髦、
年龄较大的男人,
以及漂亮、“世故”的年青女人，都在吞云吐雾。 就像在美国的市中心区和印第安人的居留地上发生的事一样,
在
这些贫困的国家里，那些本应该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。
久而久之，人们不但缺
少食物，而且还缺少空气，这样不但大大地削弱了孩子们的体质，还使他们染上了烟瘾，最终还会致他们于死地。 我在报纸及我订阅的园艺杂志上看到,
烟蒂的毒性是很强的：一个婴儿如果吞下了一个烟蒂，就很有可能会死去；
沸水加一把
烟蒂就成了很有效的杀虫剂。
作为一个母亲，我感到深深的痛苦。
有时我有一种无能为力的感觉。 我记得自己怀孕时，吃东西的时候是多么当心啊！
之后在教她
如何安全穿过马路时，又是多么耐心啊！ 有时我纳闷：自己这样做到底是为了什么?
难道是为了她今后大半辈子有气无力地挣扎着呼
吸，然后再像她外公那样自己把自己毒死？
我特别喜欢一条写在受伤害妇女收容所里的语录：“人间平安，始于家庭。”
我认为世上所有东西都是如此。我还想起了另一条写给那
些想戒烟的人们的语录：
“每个家庭都应该是禁烟区。” 抽烟是一种自我毁灭，而且也毁灭着那些不得不坐在你身边的人。那些人偶尔也会取笑或抱怨抽烟，可常常只能无可奈何地坐在一边看。我现在意识到了，当我还是一个孩子时，许多年
中我实际上是一直坐在
旁边，看着我父亲自杀。
对那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说，能在我家取得这样一种胜利，肯定是够满意了。
UNIT
5 SECTION B别再宠坏孩子
我四处奔波，应约作各种演讲，常在他人家里过夜，被安排在孩子的卧室里。 我经常发现孩子房间里玩具实在太
多了，甚至几
乎连我盥洗用具小包也无处可放。还有壁橱通常也是塞满了衣服，因此我几乎无法把我的夹
克衫塞进去。
我不是在抱怨谁，只是在表明一种观点。我发现给孩子们买太多的玩具和衣服的倾
向在美国家庭已是司空见惯。我不仅认为孩子们
把家长的慷慨大方视作理所当然的家庭实在太多了，而且
认为这种做法的后果实际上对孩子们来说也是有害的。
家长为什么要给孩子们那么多的东西？或者要给孩子们买他们买不起的东西？我认为这有好几方面的原因。
一个颇为常见的原因就是父母亲们是出于内疚感而溺爱孩子的。都是全日上班的父母也许会因为不
能常常和孩子在一起而感到内
疚。他们可能想通过给孩子们大量物质的东西作为对他们的补偿。
其它类型的父母给孩子买这买那，是因为他们想让孩子拥有他们自己童年时所拥有的每一样东西，再
加上那些他们过去想得到而未
能得到的东西。还有些家长不愿拒绝孩子们永无休止的买玩具的要求，是因
为他们害怕孩子会认为父母不爱他们，或者害怕如果他们
得不到和小伙伴相同的玩具会被人取笑。
当家长无法顶住孩子的无理要求时，也会发生宠孩子的现象。这样的父母会在拒绝和让步之间动摇不定
— 但是好像没有哪种办法能
使他们感到满意。如果他们拒绝孩子的请求，他们会立即因为对孩子太严格
或太不慷慨而感到一阵后悔。如果他们让步了，也会因为
太容易让步而感到懊悔和自责。这样的反复无定
不但削弱了父母管教孩子的能力，同时也在某种程度上使父母与子女之间的关系变味
—
使家长和子女失去存在于健康家庭里的某些幸福和相互尊重。
但是,
用物质的东西来宠爱孩子几乎不能减轻父母的内疚感（因为父母从不会感到他们给孩子的东西已经够了), 也不
会使孩子们觉
得自己得到了更多的爱（因为孩子真正想要的是父母的时间和对他们的注意）。相反，给的
东西太多可能是有害的。在一定程度上，孩
子可能变得贪婪、自私、忘恩负义，对他人的需要和感觉变得
麻木不仁，而且首先从对自己父母的态度开始。给孩子的东西太多会逐
渐削弱他们对父母的尊敬。事实上
，孩子们已经开始感到父母的无限制的慷慨大方是不对的。这种矛盾的结果可能是这些孩子会反过
来提出
更高的要求，并下意识地希望：如果他们逼得凶些，他们就能迫使他们的父母亲建立起教育子女的规范。
Para. 8 另外, 被宠坏的孩子不象那些拥有玩具较少的孩子会在做游戏时被激发出更大的创造
性。由于他们一提出要求时，每一样东
西都马上就能得到满足，他们了解金钱价值的机会就比别人少，而
且他们在一时不能得到满足的情况下如何应对方面经验也比别的孩
子少。
讨论这个问题的
真正目的不是要告诉家长们应该给孩子们多少才适当。确切地讲，我的目的是帮助那些已经意识到自己也许是在宠
坏
孩子、但又不知道如何纠正这一做法的家长们。
有时你也许会对自己是否要对孩子提出的许多要求做出让步感到没有把握。 这并不意味着你不能改变。首先，你
应该设法弄清楚是
什么东西使你让步、或者让你感到内疚的。然后，即使没能找出原因，你也该开始做出
果断的决定，并试着用迅速、果断的方式对孩
子的要求做出反应。
一旦你改变了以往的做
法，你也不能指望马上有效果。有时你肯定会摇摆不定的。关键是你要对逐渐的进步感到满足，要预见到并接受可能伴随这种改变而来的偶尔失误。还有，即使你以更坚定、更自信的方式实施着你的决定，也不能指望你
的孩子会马上做出反应。
在一段时间内，他们会继续对你施加曾经很有效的、老一套的压力。但一旦他们
知道不停的抱怨和争论再也不会起作用时，他们最终
是会尊重你的决定的。这样做的结果是：你和你的孩
子都会对此感到比以前更加开心。
UNIT 6 SECTION A
人如其名
在她人生最初的24年里，人们一直叫她戴比——一个和她的漂亮容貌和优雅举止不相配的
名字。“我的名字总是使我觉得自己应该是
一个厨子，” 她抱怨道，“我真的不想要戴比这个名字。”
一天，在填写一份出版工作职位的申请表时，这位小姐一时冲动，用她的中名林恩替了她的名字戴比。
“这是我一生中干得最漂亮
的一件事，”
现在她对人这样说，“一旦我不再称自己为戴比，我就感到好多了•• 而且其他人也开始更认真地对待我了。”
顺利地通过
那次工作面试两年后，这位昔日的女服务员现在成了一位成功的杂志编辑。朋友和同事们都叫
她林恩。
Para. 3 当然，戴比（或林恩）的职业成就并不是改名带来的，但是这肯定给她带
来了好处，虽说改名仅使她对自己的才能增加了一
点点自信。社会科学家认为你叫什么名字会影响你的生
活。从古至今，名字不仅被用来识别人，而且也被用来描述人。《圣经》上说：
人如其名。此外，《韦伯
斯特大词典》也对名字作了如下的定义：表达某种特点的一个或几个字，这种特点被认为反映了某人或某事的本质，或描述了某人某事，常表示嘉许或不赞成的意思。请好好注意这几个词：“嘉许或不赞成”。不管是好
是坏，诸如友好或拘谨、
相貌平平或漂亮妩媚等特征已经在你的名字中有所暗示，甚至他人在见到你本人
之前就已经知道你的这些特征了。
Para. 4 名字是与特定形象相关联的，任何一个被称为“
相貌平常的简”或“普普通通的乔”的人都能证明这一点。后面的那个名字
特别使我烦恼，因为我也叫乔
。有些人认为这个名字使我更适合于做一名棒球运动员而不是别的什么职业，比如说艺术评论家。然而，
尽管有此局限，我确实曾一度设法成为了一名艺术评论家。
即便如此，一家著名杂志一直拒绝把“乔”作为我的文章署名，而是用我
名字的首字母 J. S.
来代替。我怀疑，假如我的名字是比较文雅的阿瑟或艾德里安的话，我的名字早已完整地出现在杂志上了。
Para. 5 当然，有积极含义的名字对你是有好处的，甚至能促进你结交新朋友。最新调查表明
：美国男士认为苏珊是最有吸引力的女
性名字，而女士则认为理查德和戴维是最有吸引力的男性名字。我
认识一位女士，她就拒绝了一次与一位叫哈里的男人见面，因为“这
人的名字听上去没劲”。 可就在几
天后的一个晚间聚会上，她走到我身边，催我把她介绍给一位气度不凡的男人；他们俩人整个晚上
都在互
送秋波。“哦，” 我说：“你指的是哈里呀。” 她听了后感到很尴尬。
Para. 6 虽然
我们中大多数人会认为自己没有这样的偏见，但在某种程度上，我们都多多少少对名字产生过成见。说实话，你碰
到一
个名叫奈杰儿的木匠会不会感到惊讶呢? 或是一个叫伯莎的物理学家?
抑或是一个叫梅尔的教皇? 正如我的一位女性朋友在照看托儿
所里四岁的儿童时所发现的那样，我们常
常把由名字引起的固有想法加到他人身上。“在托儿所里，有一次我想让一个很活跃的名叫朱
利安的小男
孩静静地坐下来看书，而把一个喜欢沉思、名叫罗里的孩子推出去打球。因为他们的名字，我把他们的性格给搞混
了!”
Para. 7 很明显，这样的偏见也会影响课堂成绩。在一项由圣迭戈州立大学的赫伯
特•哈拉里及乔治亚州立大学的约翰•麦克戴维主持
的研究中发现，教师总是给署名为埃尔默和休伯特的
作文打较低的分数，但当把这两篇作文的署名改为迈克尔和戴维时，老师给的分
数就要高些。但是教师的
偏见不是造成课堂成绩差别的唯一原因。 坦普尔大学的托马斯•V•布塞博士和路易莎•瑟拉里达里安发现：那
些名叫琳达、黛安、芭芭拉、卡罗尔及辛迪之类的女孩们在评分较客观的智力测验和学业成绩测验中的表
现比那些名字不太有吸引力
的女孩要好。（一个与之相关的研究表明：女孩受同伴欢迎的程度也与她们的
名字受欢迎的程度有关系，虽然对男孩来说这种关系不太
明显。）
Para. 8 虽然你
父母很可能想让你的名字用一辈子，但记住，他们选这个名字的时候几乎还没有见到你呢。而且，他们在选名字时
所
看重的希望和梦想也许并不符合你的希望和梦想。如果你的名字看上去已不再适合你，不要苦恼；你不
必一辈子用这个名字。影星们
就经常改名，下点决心，你也可以这样做。
UNIT 6
SECTION B 以貌取人
人们通常批评说：社会学研究不遗余力去证明的只是一些大多数
有常识的人都已经知道的东西。我并不想明确表示支持或反对此类批
评，只是想描述一次社会学考察活动
，这次活动似乎也证明了人们的上述说法——但对于我和我的一位同学（也许还有那些看到这篇
报道的人
）而言，这次活动使一个人人皆知的观点变得真真切切了。
Para. 2 在本地一所大学放
春假期间，我和朋友到市中心去购物。但是我们首先把自己打扮得几乎连朋友甚至家人都认不出来。我
们
穿上了与天气稍稍不配的衣服，虽很干净但没有熨过。很明显，大多数到这个地区来的游客都不会穿这种式样的衣
服。我们提着塑
料袋，里面装着杂七杂八的物品。我俩都有点衣冠不整。我的朋友在T恤衫外面套了一件
褪了色的全棉衬衣，还在运动裤外面套了一
条皱巴巴的裙子。我戴着一顶羊毛帽子把头发掩盖住，穿着一
件老式的外套, 并戴一副夹着遮阳镜片的眼镜。
Para. 3 我们的目的是为了让自己看上去像
漂泊街头的人，以观察别人对我们会有何不同反应——贫穷的外表是否会招致别人对我们
的歧视。我们也
准备做出一些稍微有点不正常的行为，以表明我们精神上有点问题，但看上去又不是神经很不正常或对他人具有危
险
性。结果证明：我们无须夸张做作，人们单凭我们的穿着就叫我们离开或不理睬我们。
Para. 4 我们 (把汽车停在铁路附近以后) 的第一个停留地点是由一家本地慈善团体经营的
廉价商店。在店里我们彬彬有礼地请求使
用洗手间，但却被拒绝了。接着我们走进了一家大旅馆的大堂，
打听咖啡厅和洗手间在哪里。门卫说：“你们得上20楼。”我们的演技
还达不到上高档餐厅一试身手的
水平，所以我们在底楼兜了一圈就走了。离开那里后，我们就去了一家旧货商店，在那里我们多多少
少和
顾客融为一体了。然后我们又到了几家高档商店，吃午饭的时候又去了几家咖啡馆。
Para. 5
这一段时间我们饱受歧视。我们遇到了一些孩子，他们盯着我们看，对我们指指点点，而且还放声大笑；成年人用
充满怀疑
的目光看着我们。商店营业员紧紧地跟着我们，监视我们的一举一动。在一家快餐店，一个帮工
赶紧走到收银员的身边。他们收下了
我两美元的支票，连身份证也没看。好像用这个代价把我们赶出门是
很合算的。在一个入口处，一名营业员用身体挡住了大门，显然
是想打消我们进去的念头。
Para. 6 我们身上有些钱，可买些小东西，而且除了穿低档衣服外，我们没有在上述任何情况
下做过任何吸引他人注意力的事：我们
仅仅是以我们习惯的方式静静地购物。在一个饭店里，我们点了法
式小面包，另加两杯特制咖啡，这确实暴露了我们的身份：这也许
与女流浪者的身份太不相称。在所有其
他地方，我们受到嘲弄、被人模仿、遭遇怀疑及无礼的目光。
Para. 7
我们了解到什么呢? 在很大程度上是我们所预料到的、人所共知的东西:人们以貌取人。仅仅是外表寒酸就会招
来歧视，同
时在很多场合，我们大多数人视为理所当然的社交礼仪也不复存在了。因为我们缺少在文化上
可被认同的属于这个环境的标志，在某
种程度上，我们就成了物品，缺少了做人所固有的尊严。
Para. 8 然而，还有一件让人感到吃惊的事——更准确地讲，是让人感到震惊的事。在我先前提
到过的那家商店门口，就是有位营业
员一见到我们就明显地堵住大门的那家商店，这种令人震惊的事表现
得最为突出。那时我刚注意到这个地方，转向我的同伴，对她说：
“我从未见过这家商店。咱们进去吧。
”她居然惊慌地看着我说：“你不是真地想进去吧?”
Para. 9
我知道她的意思，我也理解她的感受。这不是我们该去的地方。没过几小时， 我们发觉自己正在接受并适应着那
些我们遇
到的人所普遍持有的肤浅看法和偏见；我们也对自己进行了归类。毫无疑问，这是值得学习的一
课，对社会学家来说也许更是如此。
UNIT 7 SECTION A
减轻负担, 拯救生命
Para. 1
如果你常常生气、身心疲乏，好像你生活中的压力正在快速地失去控制，那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。
Para. 2 假如你不想损害自己的心脏，你就需要努力学会在力所能及的范围内控制自己的生活
——并且承认有许多东西你是无法控制
的。
Para. 3 这是罗伯特•S•埃利奥特博
士的观点。他是内布拉斯加大学的临床医学教授，新书《从压力到力量：怎样减轻你的负担，拯
救你的生
命》的作者。
Para. 4 埃利奥特说在这个世界上有一类他称之为“热核反应堆式的人”（即
易怒的人）。对这些人来说，紧张会导致他们血压大幅度
迅速上升。
Para. 5 埃利
奥特说，研究人员已经发现，有压力的人除了其他症状外，胆固醇的含量也较高。“我们已经做了多年研究，证明
过分
忧虑或紧张所产生的化学物质的确会损伤心肌纤维。这种情况发生时往往很快，不到5分钟。它会造
成许多短路，而且这种短路会引
起严重的心律不齐。心脏跳起来不像一个泵，而像一只装着蠕虫的袋子（
杂乱而又绵软无力）。当这种情况发生时, 我们就活不成了。”
Para. 6 现年64岁的
埃利奥特，在44岁时曾有过一次心脏病发作，他把那次心脏病发作的部分原因归于压力。多年来，他一直是一<
br>个“热核反应堆式的人”。表面上，
他显得沉着、冷静、泰然自若，但他内心深处的压力使他筋疲力尽。他现在身体状况很好。
Para.
7 他说，压力破坏性程度的主要预测指标是FUD因素¾¾ FUD 指的是恐惧、犹豫和怀疑 ¾¾
再加上可察觉到的缺乏控制力。
Para. 8 对许多人来说，压力的根源是愤怒，而对付愤怒的
诀窍是找出怒从何来。埃利奥特问道：“这种愤怒是否来自这么一种感觉：
希望一切事物都必须完美无缺
?”
Para. 9 “这在职业女性中是很常见的原因。她们觉得要让人人感到她们无所不能，
而且要把样样事情都做得完美无缺。她们认为，
‘我应该这样，我必须这样，我不得不这样。’追求完美
永无止境。完美主义者事必躬亲。他们生气是因为他们不得不把什么事情都扛
在自己肩上，还为之发脾气
。随后他们就感到内疚，接着他们就再把整个过程重复一遍。”
Para. 10
“还有的人生气是因为他们的生活没有方向。他们把交通阻塞看得和家庭纠纷一样重，”
他说：“如果你生气超过5分钟
¾
¾如果你生闷气，没有安全的发泄渠道的话¾¾你就必须弄清你为何生气。”
Para.
11 “此时就会发生这种情况¾¾人们由于心理压力在生理上变得越发激动，他们的身体就越可能因为某种心
脏病而崩溃。”
Para. 12 让自己平静下来的做法就是承认你存在这种倾向。通过改变你
的某些看法和消极思想，学会对事物不再抱有那么强烈的敌
视态度。
Para. 13 埃
利奥特建议人们控制自己的生活。“如果有什么能取代压力，那就是控制。你所需要的不是FUD因素而是NIC
E因素¾¾ NICE
是指新的、使人感兴趣的、有挑战性的经历。”
Para. 14
“你必须确定你能控制自己生活中的哪些部分，”他说：“停下你的脚步，对自己说，‘我要把指南针拿出来，弄
明白自己需
要什么。’”
Para. 15 他建议人们写下他们觉得自己生活中最重要
的、最想做成的6件事。本•富兰克林在32岁时就是这样做的。“他写下了他想
要做的事情，诸如要做
一个更慈爱的父亲、更体贴的丈夫、经济上独立、思维上活跃，而且还要保持性情平和——这一点他也做得不好。”
Para. 16 埃利奥特说，你可以先列出12件事，然后压缩到6件，要确定轻重
缓急。“别让自己去做不可能做到的事。要做那些会影
响你的个性、控制能力和自我价值的事情。”
Para. 17 “把它们记在一张可以随身携带的卡片上，需要的时候看看。既然我们无法让一天
有26个小时，我们就得确定先做哪些事
情。”
Para. 18 请记住：随着时间的推
移，优先要做的事会有所改变。“孩子会长大，狗会死去，你所优先考虑做的事也会改变。” Para. 19
根据埃利奥特的观点，控制压力的另一关键因素是“要承认你生活中还有一些棘手的、你几乎无法或完全
无法控制的东西——比如经
济以及政客们。”
Para. 20 你必须认识到，有时候像
交通阻塞、最后期限及讨厌的老板这类事情，“你无法抗争，也无法逃避。你必须学会如何与之相
容。”
UNIT 7 SECTION B 你是工作狂吗?
Para. 1
努力工作和工作狂之间有很大的区别。
Para. 2 努力工作是指工作有条有理、精力集中，完成
许多工作，知道何时歇手，知道除了工作还有生活。而工作狂常常是缺乏条理，
总在寻找理由想做得更多
些，没有工作可做时就感到不知所措，想通过工作来躲避问题。他们不知道怎样或何时放松一下，经常把办
公室里的活儿带回家里去做，不善于和同事及家人交流沟通，生活作息不平衡，单调乏味。
Para. 3 工作狂，就像那些老是醉醺醺的人一样，有一种无法摆脱的习惯，这种习惯通常被定义
为不顾消极后果的强迫性行为。他们
有时是被自己的工作信念、工作狂的行为模范以及一种自动认可工作
狂的工作方式所逼而养成了这种习惯的。大多数雇主尽管口头上
说得很漂亮（“生活作息保持平衡的雇员
是效率高的雇员”），可他们需要的是忠心耿耿的、愿意加班的雇员，并用高薪和更多的福利来
奖励他们
。在许多公司里，不愿意开夜车的职工处境岌岌可危。他们只在正常时间内工作就肯定是在拿自己的饭碗冒险。美
国人往往
会陷入一种由商人们所推动的工作然后花钱消费的模式之中，这种模式引诱他们
抬高自己的期望值。
Para. 4 根据某些心理顾问的观点，迷恋工作对我们来说既是好事，又是
坏事。它可以激发一种自我价值和成就感，而且我们还能因
此得到报酬和表扬，这会给我们带来我们不一
定能从生活的其他方面获得的良好感觉。
Para. 5 工作狂自石器时代起就成了一个很明显的问
题了——每当有人试图通过工作来逃避他们生活中的某些方面时，这个问题就出
现了。我们的父母和祖辈
们工作都很努力，但是他们的劳动基本上是体力劳动。而我们的工作则压力更大，尤其是在当今竞争日趋激
烈、公司规模日趋缩小的时代。由于经济形势黯淡，公司不断裁员，雇员担心失去工作，因此他们工作时间更长
。与过去相比，我们
更经常地行驶在快车道上。
Para. 6
心理咨询顾问已经注意到了三种类型的工作狂：
●
精力充沛、需要释放的人。竞争心很强、急需证明自己、并把自我价值和工作联系起来的人。
● 想通
过工作来逃避诸如悲伤、沮丧和内疚之类东西的人。他们让自己处于极度忙碌的状态，这样他们就没有时间或精力
去对付他们
的现实问题了。
Para. 7 这三类人通常有同样的特点：他们忍受不了懒懒
散散，他们发觉很难抽出时间去度假，与跟家人和朋友们在一起相比，他们
觉得和同事们在一起更舒服自
在。他们把自我价值和成功与拼命工作等同起来。他们宁可干活，而不愿到别的地方去或做其他事情。
Para. 8 工作狂可能会通过否认和辩护来解释自己的工作习惯。他们否认自己在工作上花了太多
的时间，他们自我辩解说他们的工作
是为了家庭，同时对升职也至关重要。他们也往往认为他们本人及他
们的工作对公司来说是不可或缺的，他们超时工作是对公司的一
种奉献。当然他们的奉献、抱负和持久的
精力均无可指责，错的是这些东西是以牺牲他们的健康和他们家庭幸福的高昂代价才得以实
现的。
Para. 9 因为工作狂把一切希望都寄托在一件事上——他们的工作，因此帮助他们的办法是把他
们的希望分散到几件事上去。例如，
心理顾问常常可以通过询问他们过去喜欢的、而现在却丢得一干二净
的业余爱好来帮助他们。此类问题往往能促使他们开始更多地恢
复他们生活的平衡。
Para. 10 一些心理学专家概括说，为了做一个生理和心理上都健康的人，我们必须过一种平衡
的生活。那些小事情——如阅读推理小
说、打排球、花时间和家人及朋友在一起、跟狗一起玩耍、去钓鱼
——对实现健康的目的而言，似乎是一些不太起眼的方法，但它们
至少可以和工作一样对你有益。
第八单元A
第八单元B
第九单元A
第九单元B
第十单元A
第十单元B
新视野大学英语视听说教程第二册
UNIT1
II.
Listening Skills
1. M: Why don’t we go to
the concert today?
W: I’ll go get the keys.
Q: What does the woman imply?
2. W: I
can’t find my purse anywhere. The opera tickets
are in it.
M: Have you checked in the car?
Q: What does the man imply?
3. M: Are you
going to buy that pirated CD?
W: Do I look
like a thief?
Q: What does the woman imply?
4. M: Do you think the singer is pretty?
W: Let’s just say that I wouldn’tt vote for
her in the local beauty contest.
Q: What does
the woman imply about the singer?
5. M: Have
you seen Tom? I can’t find him anywhere.
W:
The light in his dorm was on just a few minutes
ago.
Q: What does the woman mean?
III. Listening In
Task 1: Encore!
As soon as the singer completed the song, the
audience cried, “Encore! Encore!” The singer was
delighted
and sang the song again. She
couldn’t believe it when the audience shouted for
her to sing it again.
The cycle of shouts and
songs was repeated ten more times. The singer was
overjoyed with the response
from the audience.
She thanked them and asked them why they were so
much audience in hearing the same
song again
and again. One of the people in the audience
replied, “We wanted you to improve it; now
it
is much better.”
Task 2:
The Carpenters
W: They play “Yesterday Once
More” all the time on the campus radio. Do you
like it?
M: I do. I never get tired of it. I
like the Carpenters. Their voices are so beautiful
and clear. I
guess that’s why they’re so
popular.
W: I like the way their voices blend.
There were just two of them, brother and sister,
right?
M: Yes, Richard and Karen I think they
were. She died I think.
W: Yes, anorexia. It
is hard to believe that someone so beautiful would
starve herself to death.
M: It’s a
problem everywhere in the world, including China,
I’m afraid. Women worry too much about
their
appearances, and are so crazy about losing weight.
W: Well, let’s go for lunch before we go to
the concert.
1. beautiful and clear 2. blend
well 3. sister 4. worry too much 5. more
important
Task 3: Mozart
Mozart was a
fascinating musician and composer whose fame
continues to grow more than two centuries
after his death. He was born in Salzburg,
Austria, in 1756. Before the age of four, he had
shown great
musical talent. His father then
decided to let him start taking harpsichord
lessons. The boy’s reputation
as a musical
talent grew fast. At five, he was composing music.
Form that time on, Mozart was performing
n
concerts and writing music. By his early teens, he
had mastered the piano, violin and harpsichord,
and was writing symphonies and operas. His
first major opera was performed in Milan in 1770,
when he
was only fourteen. At fifteen, Mozart
became the conductor for an orchestra in Salzburg.
In 1781, he
left for Vienna, where he was in
great demand as both a performer and a composition
teacher. His first
opera was a success. But
life was not easy because he was a poor
businessman, and his finances were
always in a
bad state. His music from the next decade was not
very popular, and he eventually fell back
on
his teaching jobs for a living. In 1788 he stopped
performing in public, preferring only to compose.
He died in 1791 at the age of thirty-five.
Although he lived only a short life, he composed
over 600
works.
1. Which of the following
is true of Mozart? D
2. How long has
Mozart’s fame lasted? A
3. Which of
the following is true of the four-year-old Mozart?
B
4. What could Mozart do at the age of six?
C
5. Which of the following is not mentioned
as one of Mozart’s accomplishments while he was in
his early
teens? C
IV. Speaking Out
Model 1 Do you like
jazz?
Laura: Hey!
Bob: Hello!
Laura:
Do you like jazz, Bob?
Bob: No, not much. Do
you like it?
Laura: Well, yes, I do. I’m crazy
about Wynton Marsalis.
Bob: Oh, he’s a piano
player, isn’t he?
Laura: No, he’s a trumpet
player. So, what kind of music do you like?
Bob: I like listening to rock.
Laura:
What group do you like best?
Bob: Er, The
Cranberries. They’re the greatest. What about you?
Don’t you like them?
Laura: Ugh! They make my
stomach turn!
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: Do you like
classical music?
B: No, I don’t like it at
all.
A: What type of music do you like?
B:
I’m a real fan of pop songs.
A: Who’s your
favorite singer or group?
B: Jay Chou.
What do you think about him?
A: I can hardly
bear pop songs. They are all noise to me.
Model 2 Do you like punk rock?
Max: What
kind of music do you like?
Frannie: Well, I
like different kinds.
Max: Any in
particular?
Frannie: Er, I especially like
punk rock.
Max: Punk rock? You don’t seem
like the punk rock type.
Frannie: You should
have seen me in high school. I had my hair dyed
blue.
Max: Wow, that must have been a sight!
Frannie: It sure was. What about you? What’s
your favorite music?
Max: I guess I like
jazz best. Hey, I’m going shopping for CDs
tomorrow. Would you like to come along?
Frannie: Sure, that sounds great.
SAMPLE
DIALOG
A: What sports appeal to you?
B: I
like almost every kind of sport.
A: Is there
anything you like especially?
B: Well, I like
X-sports in particular.
A: x-Sports? You don’t
look like the extreme sports type.
B: I have
even tried bungee jumping and surfing.
A: Wow,
you certainly surprised me!
B: Then how about
you? What kind of sport do you prefer?
A: I
like t’ai chi most. In fact, I’m going to buy some
books about t’ai chi. Why don’t you come
with
me?
B: Sounds good. Let’s go.
Model 3
It just sounds like noise to me.
Philip: Turn
down that noise! What on earth is it anyway!
Laura: But dad…This is Metallica1 They’re so
cool. They are one of the most famous heavy metal
bands.
Philip: I don’t care. It just sounds
like noise to me. I can’t stand it!
Laura: I
love this kind of music, but if you really hate it
that much, I’ll out on something else.
What do
you want to hear?
Philip: How about some
popular easy-listening music. Maybe something like
Celine Dion?
Laura: Not her again! Her music
isn’t very hip any more. I think she is a bore.
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: That music is terrible!
Turn off!
B: But, Mom, this is Backstreet
Boy’s hit song “Get down”! It’s really appealing.
A: Nonsense. It’s just noise tome. I can’t put
up with it anymore.
B: It’s my favorite music.
But if you hate it so much, I’ll hate something
you like. What would like
to listen to?
A:
What about some old songs of the 1970s like “The
White-Haired Girl”?
B: Ha-ha-ha-ha. It’s not
fashionable any longer. I’ll be bored to death.
V. Let’s Talk
The Origin of
the Song “Happy Birthday to You”
The story of
the song “Happy Birthday to You” Began as a sweet
one, but later became bitter. Two sisters,
Mildred Hill, a teacher at a kindergarten, and
Dr. Patty Hill, the principal of the same school,
wrote
a song together for the children,
entitled “Good Morning to All”. When Mildred
combined her musical
talents with her sister’s
knowledge in the area of kindergarten education,
‘Good Morning to All”
was sure to be a
success. The sister published the song in a
collection entitled “Song Stories of the
Kindergarten” in 1893. Thirty-one years later,
after Dr. Patty Hill became the head of the
Department
of Kindergarten Education at
Columbia University’s Teachers College, a
gentleman by the name Robert
Coleman published
the song, without the sisters’ permission. He
added a second part, which is the
familiar
“Happy Birthday to You”. Mr. Coleman’s addition of
the second part made the song popular
and,
finally, the sisters” original first part
disappeared. “Happy Birthday to You” had
altogether
replaced the sisters’ original song
“Good Morning to All”. In 1916 Patty took legal
action against
Mr. Coleman. In court, she
succeeded in proving that hey were the real owners
of the song.
1.
2.
3.
4.
teacher at a kindergarten
Good Morning to
All
Happy Birthday to You
Happy Birthday
to You Good Morning to All
Possible
Retelling for the Teacher’s Reference
The
story of “Happy Birthday to You” was a nice, sweet
on eat the very beginning, but later turned
into a bitter one. There were two sisters: one
was Mildred Hill, and the other Patty Hill. The
former
had great musical talents, while the
latter had knowledge of kindergarten education. Bu
combining their
abilities, the two produced a
song called “Good Morning to All”. It was a
success, and later published
in a collection
of songs for kindergartens.
Thirty-one years
later a man named Coleman published the song
without the sisters’ permission. To make
things worse, he added a second part, which is
the present “Happy Birthday to You”. This new song
soon became popular and eventually it replaced
the sisters’ first part altogether. Then, in 1916,
Patty
took legal action against Coleman. In
court she managed to prove that she and her sister
really owned
the song.
VI. Further
Listening and Speaking
Task 1: Karaoke
Dalin: It’s Mike’s birthday on Friday, so a
bunch of us are going to go to the karaoke bar.
Would
you like to come with us?
Laura:
Karaoke bar? You have a special place just for
singing? In America, bars sometimes have a karaoke
night where the customers can sing a song, but
we haven’t special karaoke bars!
Dalin:
Really? In China, karaoke is a very popular way
for friends ro spend time together. We can select
the music that ur group enjoys. We mostly sing
pop songs.
Laura: Do you sing individually or
in groups? Singing is not a very in thing, so I
don’t sing very
well.
1. F 2. F
Task 2: When was music first sent down a
telephone line?
So you think downloading music
from the Internet through a phone line is a really
cool modern thing?
Not so. In 1896, Thaddeus
Cahill Filed a patent on the instrument for
transmitting music electronically,
and until
1914 he sent music signals down telephone lines
with this instrument. And he wasn’t even
the
first. Elisha Gray transmitted music over a
telephone line in 1876, which was the same year
the
telephone was invented. Gray invented the
first electronic music instrument in 1874, calling
it the
“Musical Telegraph”. Alexander Graham
Bell also designed an experimental “Electric Harp”
for speech
to be transmitted over a telephone
line using technology similar to Gray’s. Bell was
a speech teacher
for the deaf. In 1879 he
created an instrument to measure hearing loss.
That is why the degrees of loudness
came to be
measured in bels or decibels.
5-4-2-1-3
Task 3: Thank You for the Music
I’m
nothing special, in fact I’m a bit of a bore
If I tell a joke, you’re probably heard it
before
But I have a talent, a wonderful thing
‘Cause everyone listens when I start to sing
I’m so grateful and proud
All I want is to
sing it out loud
So I say
Thank you
for the music, the songs I’m singing
Thanks
for all the joy they’re bringing
Who can live
without it, I ask in all honestly
What would
life be
Without a song or a dance what are we
So I say thank you for the music
For
giving it to me
Mother says I was a
dancer before I could walk
She says I began to
sing long before I could talk
And I’ve often
wondered, how did it all start
Who found out
that nothing can capture a heart
Like a melody
can
Well, whoever it was, I’m a fan
So I say
Thank you for the music, the
songs I’m singing
…
Speaking
Musical Memories
Tony: Listen! Quick,
turn up the radio! Isn’t that “Can You Feel the
Love Tonight?”
Nancy: Yeah, it is, but what’s
the big deal?
Tony: When I was a little boy,
my grandmother took me to see the movie
The
Lion King
. That’s the Elton
John song from
the movie.
Nancy: I still can’t understand why
it’s so important to you.
Tony: Because it
was the first movie I ever saw with my grandma and
because I really loved spending
time with her.
It is my favorite song of all times!
Nancy:
The first time Tom and I went on a date, we went
to see Titanic. I always think of the song “My
Heart Will Go On” as our song! Whenever I hear
it, I think of that night.
Tony: Oh, I can
understand why you love that song! Isn’t it
interesting all the memories we connect
with
songs?
UNIT2
II. Listening Skills
1.
W: From what I can remember, the director asked us
to rehearse this a hundred times.
M: One
hundred times? Is the director out of his mind?
Q: What does the man imply?
2. M: Do
you think we have made enough food for the party?
W: The refrigerator is about to explode.
Q: What does the woman imply?
3. W:
She said she might become a famous movie star.
M: Yes, and pigs might fly.
Q: What
does the man mean?
4. M: Although the man
often plays a bad guy in movies, in real life he
has a heart of gold.
W: So does a hard-
boiled egg.
Q: What does the woman mean?
5. W: What a beautiful sunset!
M:
Don’t blink. You might just miss it.
Q: What
does the man mean?
1. A
III. Listening In
Task 1: Waiting
for the New Harry Potter Movie
Amy: I’m so
excited about finally seeing this movie!
Peter: Me too. I’m crazy about Harry Potter.
Have you heard that . Rowling has added another
book to
the series?
Amy: She’s already
written Book Seven? I’m still waiting for Book
Five…
Peter: I know. Who isn’t? At least we
have the movies to watch in the meantime.
Amy:
By the way, have you seen the trailer yet?
Peter: Yeah. It was great! I think the movie
itself will be really scary.
Amy: It surely
will! All that writing on the wall in blood… It
scares me to death just to think about
it!
Both the girl and the boy are
excitedcrazy about the movie and the hero Harry
Potter. The boy heard
that the writer .
Rowling has written the latest book, which is Book
Seven, though the girl is still
waiting for
Book Five. The boy has been the trailer and
believes the film will be scary. The girl shares
that view because of the writing on the wall
in blood.
Task 2: A Great Actor
There
was once a great actor who could no longer
remember his lines. After several years of
searching,
he finally found a theater that was
willing to give him a try. The director said,
“This is the most
important part, and it has
only one line. At the opening you walk onto stage
carrying a rose. You hold
the rose to your
nose with just one finger and thumb, smell it
deeply and then say the line on praise
of the
rose: ‘Ah, the sweet smell of my love.’” The actor
was excited. All day long before the play
he
practiced his line over and over again. Finally,
the time came. The curtain went up, the actor
walked
onto the stage, looked at the audience,
and with great emotion said the line, “Ah, the
sweet smell
of my love.” The audience exploded
in laughter. Only the director was furious!
“Ahhhhhh! You damned
fool!” he cried. “You’ve
ruined my play! You’ve ruined me!” The actor was
puzzled, “What happened?
Did I forget my
line?” “No!” shouted the director. “You forget the
rose!”
Task 3:
Movie Reviews
I love movies! And after I see
them, I like to comment on them. These are movies
I saw this year I
would like to recommend:
Among comedies I highly recommend “Monsoon
Wedding”. It’s an Indian movie.
The story is
about an Indian wedding. Preparations for the
wedding bring out funny and sad situations
touching on love and a past rape. This movie
shows some of the wonderful customs of India, and
the
importance of family and love. It’s great!
Among dramas, I like “Adaptation”. It is an
excellent movie! But for me the first part of the
movie
was too fast to follow. I hope to see it
again on DVD with captions.
“The Pianist” is
set in the Second World War. It’s about a young
Polish-Jewish pianist, who lives
in
Warsaw with his family. The Nazis sent his family
to die in the concentration camps. He was safe,
but would have died without unusually good
luck and the kindness of a few non-Jews. This is a
powerful
movie with thought-provoking themes.
“Rabbit-Proof Fence” is set in the 1930s in
Australia, and it’s based on real events. It is
about
three native girls who are separated
from their families by the racist police who send
them to special
centers. There the girls are
taught practical skills, and the government tries
to integrate them into
white Australian
society. They can away from the camp and walked
1,500 miles to find their mothers.
This is a
sad, touching story that you should not miss.
1. He likes to see movies and comment on them.
2. Four.
3. Three.
4. One.
Movies
Monsoon Wedding
Contents and
Characteristics
It is about an Indian wedding.
Preparations for it reveal love and a
past
rape. The movie shows Indian
customs, family
and love.
It is too fast for the speaker, who
wants
to see it again on DVD with captions.
It is about a Jewish pianist in Warsaw.
The Nazis sent his family to the
concentration camps. He was safe, and
this
narrow escape was due to good luck
and the
kindness of a few non-Jews.
It is about three
native girls. Racist
police separate them from
their families
and send them to special
centers. There
they are taught practical
skills. The
government intends to integrate
them
into white Australian society. They ran
away from the camp and walked 1,500 miles
to find their mothers.
Adaptation
The Pianist
IV.
Speaking
Out
Model 1 Will
you come
Rabbit-Proof
Fence
with me?
John: Laura, I am
wondering if
you’re free
tomorrow
night.
Laura: Well, I
guess I am. Why?
John: I’ve got two
Star Wars
premiere
tickets. Will you come with me?
Laura: Yeah,
definitely! Thanks for inviting me!
John: It’s
my pleasure.
Laura: I really wanted to see
Star Wars on the opening night, but the tickets
were sold out. How did
you manage to get hold
of them?
John: A friend of mine works at the
“Pepsi” headquarters, which is a major sponsor of
the movie. So
he was able to get the tickets
for free.
Laura: Wow, people are paying as
much as $$200 each on the black market. I’m
flattered you went through
all this trouble
just for me.
John: You’re welcome.
Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A:
Hi, are you busy this weekend?
B: Yes. What’s
on your mind?
A: I’ve got two tickets for the
car exhibition. Would you like to go with me?
B: Sure. Thanks for your invitation.
A:
It’s nothing.
B: I’ve been wanting to see the
movie, but it was not at all easy to get a ticket.
How did you manage
to get two tickets?
A:
A friend of mine works at the exhibition center.
She was able to get three free tickets.
B:
Wow, people are paying almost 100 yuan for a
ticket on the black market. Thank you very much
indeed
for inviting me.
A: No problem.
Model 2 What did you think about the movie?
John: So… what did you think about the movie?
Laura: Well… I think this Star Wars episode is
an excellent piece of work, but not as good as the
previous ones.
John: Really? But I
think this Star Wars episode was incredible!
Laura: Why do you think so?
John: Well,
one of the most spectacular things about it was
the special effects. State-of-the-art
special
effects were the main reason for the success of
the previous episodes.
Laura: You’re right.
The special effects were amazing! And I like the
fact that they created so
many fantastic
settings and other-worldly costumes, weapons and
creatures.
Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: What did you think about
The Lion
King
?
B: Well… I think this cartoon was
pretty good, but not as good as
Beauty and the
Beast
. It’s a killer
flick.
A: Really?
But I think
The Lion King
was unbelievably
good.
B: I thought it was just OK. Why do you
think so?
A: Well, it’s so interesting that
the lives of the lions were similar to the lives
of human beings.
B: You’re right. The murder
in
The Lion King
was almost the same as
the murder in the Shakespearean
play
Hamlet
.
Model 3 The plot is first-
class.
John: It’s kind of cool that they still
used the same Star Wars theme song for this movie.
Laura: Yeah! It just reminds me of the
previous Star Wars scenes.
John: I know
exactly what you mean! Hearing that song makes me
think of the past.
Laura: I think the plot was
first-class. But I don’t think the character
development was that strong.
John: Do you
think that has anything to do with the casting of
the movie?
Laura: No, the casting was great;
the actors are excellent, but I think the acting
was a little weak.
They just didn’t have a
lot of funny or meaningful lines.
John: Well,
maybe, but I liked the little kid that played
“Skywalker”. I can’t imagine anyone else
playing that part.
Laura: Yeah, I liked
him too. He’s soooo cute!
Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: What do you think about
the movie?
B: I think the plot was first-
class. But I don’t think the character development
was so strong.
A: Yes, the characterization
was rather weak. Do you think it is because of the
casting of the movie?
B: No, the cast was
strong. But the acting was rather poor. And the
lines are not interesting at all.
A: Well,
maybe. But I liked the heroine of the movie. She
is excellent.
B: Yeah, I liked her too. She’s
adorable!
V. Let’s Talk
Alfred
Hitchcock
Alfred Hitchcock was a British
director. His movies frequently show innocent
people caught up in
situations beyond their
control or even understanding.
Hitchcock
preferred the use of suspense in his movies. In
surprise, the director provides the viewer
with frightening things. In suspense, the
director tells or shows things to the audience
which the
characters in the movie do not know,
and then skillfully builds up tension around what
will happen when
the characters finally learn
the truth. Hitchcock had a great sense of humor.
Once at a French airport,
a suspicious customs
official looked at Hitchcock’s passport, which was
marked simply PRODUCER. The
curious official
asked, “And what do you produce?” “Gooseflesh.”
replied Hitchcock.
Alfred Hitchcock always
managed to make a brief appearance in his movies:
He was sometimes getting on
a bus, or crossing
a street, pr walking in front of a store, or
across the courtyard in an apartment.
However,
for the movie Lifeboat in 1944, he was faced with
a difficult problem. The entire movie was
set
in a lifeboat out at sea, and there were only a
few characters in the boat. Originally, he wanted
to float by as a dead body, but he was afraid
he’d sink! His clever solution was to place a
photograph
of himself in a newspaper that one
of the characters read during the course of the
movie.
1. A
VI. Furthering
Listening and Speaking
Listening
Task 1:
Only One Line
Peter has always wanted to be an
actor, but never succeeded because he had a hard
time memorizing lines.
A friend of his told
him about a small part in a play. He promised
Peter that he could do it because
he’s only
have to remember one line. Peter decided to take
the part. His only line was, “Listen, I
hear
the guns roar!” Peter practiced and practiced,
“Listen, I hear the guns roar!” On the opening
night of the play Peter was very nervous.
Backstage, he practiced his line, over and over
again, “Listen,
I hear the guns roar! Listen,
I hear the guns roar!” Finally came his turn,
Peter went onto stage.
He heard a loud BOOM
and cried out in spite of himself, “WHAT THE HELL
WAS THAT?”
1. memorizing lines
2. remember
one line
3. I hear the guns roar
4.
a loud boom
5. his line
Task 2: An
Interview with . Rowling
Q: How did you get
the idea for Harry Potter?
A: I was traveling
on a train between Manchester and London and the
idea for Harry just fell into my
head. At that
point it was essentially the idea for a body who
didn’t know he was a wizard.
Q: Did you always
plan to write Harry’s story in more than one book?
If so, how many?
A: I always conceived it as a
seven-book series because I decided that it would
take seven years, from
age eleven to
seventeen, inclusive, to train as a wizard, and
each of the books would deal with one
year of
Harry’s life at the school.
Q: Any clues about
the next book?
A: I don’t want to igive
anything away, but I tell you that the books are
getting darker. Harry’s
going to have quite a
bit to deal with as he gets older. Sorry if they
get too scary!
Q: Of the many things you must
have heard people say about Harry Potter, what are
some of your favorites?
A: My very favorite
was from a twelve-year-old Scottish girl who came
to hear me read at the Edinburgh
book
festival. At the end of the festival, the queue
for signing was very long. When the girl finally
reached me, she said, “I didn’t WANT there to
be so many people here, because this is MY books!”
That is exactly how I feel about my favorite
books. Nobody else has a right to know them; let
alone
like them!
Task 3: The Secret of the Next Harry Potter
Book
The Harry Potter books rapidly became one
of the most in-demand book series among young
readers and
have earned large sums of money.
Movies based on the books won several Oscar
nominations. Readers are
now keen to know the
plot of the next book.
Harry Potter movie fans
will get a long-awaited treat. The movie
Harry
Potter and the Chamber of Secret
is finally
about to come out. This time around, Harry
discovers a frightening secret at Hogwarts School.
Eager readers of the first four Harry Potter
books are also trying to discover a secret, the
secret
plot of the fifth book in the series.
Because of the long wait since Book Four, they are
guessing many
things. Some think that
Professor Lupin will die or that Harry and his
friend Ron may be related!
. Rowling herself
has only said that Book Five will be shorter and
scarier than Book Four. To make sure
her
readers hear only rumors, she locks all her ideas
for the books in a hidden place. Since the next
book does not come out until 2003, for mow
Harry’s secret is safe with her!
1. D
Speaking
Views on Movies
Interviewer: Hello, Robert and Richard, I’d
like to ask you something about movies. Do you
prefer going
to the theater or watching movies
on video at home?
Robert: I prefer,
personally, going to the theater, because I
believe there are certain movies that
come over better when you see them in a
large theater. The sound effect is much better.
Interviewer: What about you, Richard?
Richard: Just the opposite. It’s more
comfortable to sit at home.
Interviewer:
There’re many different movie genres, for example,
science fiction, action, comedy,
romance.
What’s your personal favorite?
Robert: My
favorite would be action movies.
Richard:
And mine would be nice movies that touch me
deeply.
Interviewer: How do you like the old
black and white movies of the forties, and fifties
compared with
the modern blockbusters?
Robert: For their time, the movies of the
forties and fifties were excellent. But try to
compare
them with today’s technology, and
you’ll find there isn’t anything to compare. It’s
so
superior today.
Richard: I agree.
UNIT3
II. Listening Skills
1. M: Will
you love and keep him in sickness and in health,
as long as you both shall live?
W: I will.
Q: Who is the woman?
2. W: Mike, wake up1
It is time to go to school. Hurry up or you’re
going to be late!
M: Don’t worry. I can sleep
all day long. Did you forget today is Martin
Luther King’s birthday?
Q: Who is the woman
most likely to be?
3. M: Could I see your
driver’s license and registration, please?
W: What’s the matter, officer?
Q: Who is
the man?
4. M: I’d like to ask you about the
research paper you assigned that we have to do by
the end of the
semester.
W: ok. What
would you like to know?
Q: Who is the
woman most likely to be?
5. W: I’ve cleaned
the windows, mopped the floors, and folded the
laundry. Is there anything else
that you would
like me to do before I cal lit a day?
M:
Did you do the living room yet?
Q: Who is
the woman most likely to be?
III. Listening In
Task 1: Don’t be a
chicken!
Gilbert: Hey, Henry, is Sarah coming
with us?
Henry: Yes. Why?
Gilbert:
Nothing. I’m just asking.
Henry: Just asking?
But why is your face flaming red? Ah-huh, someone
has a crush on Sarah, doesn’t
he?
Gilbert:
Who has a crush?!
Henry: Come on, Gilbert,
don’t be such a chicken. If you like her, just go
and tell her. Maybe she
likes you.
Gilbert: But I don’t have the guts to ask her
out.
Henry: What are you so afraid of?
Gilbert: I’d totally die if she turned me
down.
Henry: But that’s better than keeping
everything to yourself. You’ve got to let her
know. Come on!
You’ve got to take a chance!
Gilbert: I don’t know… Well, maybe you’re
right, but how am I going to tell her I like her?
1. go out 2. flaming red 3. has a
crush on 4. a chicken 5. likes
6.
the guts 7. turn him down 8. know
9. keeping everything to himself
10. how to
tell her
Task 2: Problem of Meeting
People
Before the wedding, the groom went up
the minister with an unusual offer. “Look, I’ll
give you $$100
if you’ll change the wedding
vows. When you get to the part where I’m expected
to promise to ‘love,
respect and obey her,’
‘giving up all others,’ and ‘be true to her
forever,’ I’d be happy if you’d
just leave
that part out.” He gave the minister the cash and
walked away with a light heart. The wedding
day arrived, and the bride and groom reached
that part of the ceremony where they would make
vows to
each other. When it was time for the
groom’s vows, the minister looked the young man in
the eye and
said, “Will you promise to kneel
before her, obey her every command and wish, serve
her breakfast in
bed every morning of your
life and make a vow before God and your lovely
wife that you will never even
look at another
woman, as long as you both shall live?” The groom
was shocked, but in spite of himself,
he said
in a low voice, “Yes, I will.” Then the groom
whispered to the minister, “I thought we had
a
deal.” The minister put the $$100 into his hand and
whispered back, “She made me a much better offer.”
Task 3: Long Distance
Friendships
American weddings are not always
the same. I’d like to show you pictures of my
wedding. When we got
engaged, an announcement
was published in the newspaper. The announcement
typically includes the names
of the bride, the
bridegroom and their parents and the wedding is
expected to be held. About a month
before the
wedding, we sent out wedding invitations to
relatives and friends. This is the church where
we had the wedding. My father gave me to my
future husband. Then the minister started the
wedding ceremony.
He greeted the guests, and
talked about the meaning of marriage. Next, we
exchanged vows and gave each
other rings. This
is the main part of the wedding. After the vows,
the minister prayed for us. Then
the minister
declared us husband and wife, and we kissed each
other. Here is my sister, who was a bridesmaid.
This is the bouquet I carried. Traditionally,
the unmarried women gather after the wedding, and
the
bride throws her bouquet to them. The one
who catches it will, according to tradition, be
the next one
to get married. At the reception,
we cut the wedding cake and fed each other bites
of the cake. Then
we toasted each other with
champagne. Finally the reception was over, and the
minister signed the marriage
certificate and
we were legally married.
1. A
1-3-7-5-4-2-6
IV. Speaking Out
Model 1
I just broke up with Alice!
John: Hey, Se-
Jin, what’s wrong with you? You look so down!
Se-Jin: Nothing.
John: I know it’s not
your studies, so it must be girl trouble. You must
have a broken heart.
Se-Jin: Well,
you’re right. I just broke up with Alice.
John: Oh, I’m sorry. I thought you two were
made for each other.
Se-Jin: Well, you never
know. I want to settle down, but she wants a
career while she’s still young.
John: Well,
it’s always difficult to choose between career and
family.
Se-Jin: Maybe you’re right.
John:
I don’t know what to say to comfort you, but try
to cheer up!
Se-Jin: Yeah, but it’s hard to
forget her at the moment. You know, we were
together for almost three
years.
John:
There’s lots more fish in the sea and you’ll find
your perfect match!
Now Your Turn
A: Why
do you look so upset?
B: I’m all right.
A:
I know it’s not your work. So anything wrong with
Susan and you?
B: Well, you’re right. I just
spilt up with her.
A: Oh, I’m sorry. I thought
the two of you made a good match.
B: I think I
should have a career first but she wants to get
married right now.
A: Well, it’s hard to make
a choice between career and family.
B: Yeah,
it’s hard.
A: I know it’s difficult, but try
to cheer up!
B: You know, we were together for
a long time. I can’t get her out of my mind.
A: Well, you’ll find a good match sooner or
later.
Model 2 Leo proposed to me.
Mary:
Laura! Guess what! Leo proposed to me!
Laura:
Wow. That’s wonderful. Did you accept?
Mary:
Not yet. I have some doubts…like the age factor.
I’m really robbing the cradle here.
Laura: I
know he’s fur years younger than you, but he’s
mature for his age.
Mary: I’m worried about
the cultural differences, too.
Laura: But I
can see that both of you have the same interests
and personalities. That’s even more
important.
Mary: Maybe you’re right.
Now Your Turn
A: Can you believe it? Philip made a proposal
to me!
B: How wonderful. Did you say yes?
A: Not yet. I’m concerned about the age gap.
He’s much younger than me.
B: I know he’s a
few years younger than you, but I think he is
mature than mind.
A: I’m also worried about
whether we can maintain a long distance
relationship. You know, he lives
in another
city.
B: But you love each other. That’s very
important.
A: Maybe you’re right.
Model 3
There’s something about him.
Jane: Laura, I
know you like Charles a lot, but what do you like
about him?
Laura: Well, there’s just something
about him.
Jane: Really? What is this
something?
Laura: Well, he’s mature, handsome,
gentle, and successful. I think he’s for me.
Jane: He’s certainly mature, but don’t you
think he’s a little old for you? He’s almost twice
as
old as you are!
Laura: Well, age
shouldn’t be something that comes in the way of a
person’s marriage.
Jane: It’s true that age
isn’t the most important issue, but what would
your parents think?
Laura: I don’t care what
other people think. I just know that I love him
and he loves me. Love’s all
that matters.
Now Your Turn
A: Well, you and Chris have
been together for a long time. What are his good
points?
B: There’s something wonderful about
him.
A: Really? What do you mean by this
something?
B: Well, he’s handsome, humorous,
and hard-working. I think he’s my perfect match.
A: But I think he is too old for you.
B:
Well, age doesn’t matter too much for me.
A:
But what would your parents and friends think?
B: I don’ worry too much about what other
people think. For me, love is the most important
V. Let’s Talk
Dating
Before marriage,
younger Americans date each other, that is, they
often go out together. Casual dating
usually
begins in the early teens, and in the late teens a
pattern of steady dating develops. There
is a
great possibility that one goes to a dance with
one person, to a football game with another, and
to a picnic with a third. Sometimes two
couples go out together. This is known as “double
dating.”
Group dating is also popular among
young people. Large groups of boys and girls may
go around together.
Young people may go out
together for a long time, which is, in effect, a
public statement of their intention
to marry.
Men and women go out together a great deal,
especially those in cities. This is “adult
dating.”
They ski together, dine together,
either at restaurants or in each other’s homes.
The American dating
system is a rather casual
one. Often young Americans who hardly know each
other go out on dates. It
is also acceptable
for them to arrange a “blind date”, that is, a
date between two young people who
have not met
before.
Dating
Description
Causal dating
Early teens
Steady dating
Late teens
Many partners
. a dance, a game, a picnic
Double dating
Two couples
Group dating
Large groups
Go out for a long period
Intention to marry
Adult dating
Men and work, dine together
Casual dating
system Those who hardly know
each other
Blind dating
Those who have never met before
VI. Furthering
Listening and Speaking
Task 1: Finding the
Right Type of Girl
Keith: Hey, Peter! You’ve
been in the room all night. Get out and dance with
someone like that babe
over there.
Peter:
No way, Keith! She’s the intellectual type. My
pickup line just won’t work with her.
Keith:
Oh, come on, man! What kind of girl do you like?
Peter: I want a girl that gentle and
mild, and that babe is not the right type.
Keith: Times are changing, and you’ll never
find a woman that will shine your shoes and fill
your beer
mug all the time. Wake up.
Peter: Oh really? I still prefer women that
stay home, cook, clean, and take care of the kids.
Keith: Okay, then what will you do after you
get home from work?
Peter: Hmm. Eat, watch TV,
and throw our the trash.
Keith: Wit, wait,
wait. I can’t believe my ears. You’ll never find a
wife.
Task 2: He thinks I’m God.
A young woman brings home her fiancé to meet
her parents. After dinner, her mother tells her
father
to find out about the young man’s
plans. The father invites the fiancé to his study
for a drink.
“So what are your plans?” the
father asks the young man.
“I am a Bible
student,” he replies.
“A Bible student. Hmm.”
The father says. “Good, but what will you do to
provide my daughter with
a nice house such as
she’s accustomed to?”
“I will study,”: the
young man replies, “and God will provide for us.”
“And how will you buy her a beautiful
engagement ring such as she deserves?” asks the
father.
“I will concentrate on my studies,”
the Youngman replies, “and God will provide for
us.”
“And children?” asks the father. “How
will you support children?”
“Don’t worry, sir.
God will provide,” replies the fiancé.
The
conversation goes on like this, and each time the
father questions him, the young man insists that
God will provide. Later, the mother asks, “How
did it go, honey?”
The father answers, “He had
no job and no plans, but the good news is he
thinks I’m God.”
Task 3: Lady
Lady, I’m your knight in shining armor and I
love you.
You have made me what I am and I am
yours.
My love, there’s so many ways I want to
say I love you.
Let me hold you in my arms
forever more.
You have gone and made me
such a fool;
I’m so lost in your love.
And
on, we belong together.
Won’t you believe in
my song?
Lady, for so many years I
thought I’d never find you.
You have some into
my life and made me whole.
Forever let me wake
to see you each and every morning.
Let me hear
you whisper softly in my ear.
In my eyes
I see no one else but you.
There’s no other
love like our love.
And yes, oh yes,
I’ll always want you near me.
I’ve wanted for
you so long.
Lady, your love’s the only
love I need
And beside me is where I want you
to be.
‘Cause, my love, there’s something I
want you to know,
You’re the love of my life,
you’re my lady.
Speaking
Mutual Love
Jill: You know, Robert, we’ve been dating a
long time now.
Robert: Yeah. Twelve months
next week.
Jill: You remembered!
Robert:
Of course I did. How could I forget the
anniversary of our first date?
Jill: You’re
so sweet. Can I tell you something?
Robert:
Sure. You can tell me anything.
Jill: From
our very first date, I knew we’d be together a
long time.
Robert: Can U tell you something?
Jill: Yes.
Robert: The feeling was
mutual.
UNIT4
II. Listening Skills
1-i
2-a 3-f 4-b 5-c 6-d 7-h 8-g 9-e
III. Listening In
Task 1: The Influence of
Advertising
Richard: Dad, I need a pair of new
shoes for an important basketball game. My old
ones look kind of
funny.
Father: Funny!
We just bought those last spring. There’s a lot of
life left in them.
Richard: But look at this
ad with Yao Ming. He says these shoes give him
extra spring.
Father: Yao Ming is so tall
that he doesn’t need extra spring. Anyway, he
makes money than I do. And
they probably give
him millions of dollars to wear those shoes.
Richard: But if you bought me the shoes, I’d
wear them for nothing. And I’d have that extra
spring.
Father: Do you think Yao Ming reached
the top just because of the shoes he wears? Or was
it something
else?
Richard: You mean like
hard work, dedication, that sort of thing?
Father: Exactly. Just focus on your studies
and forget the shoes.
1. shoes 2. look kind
of funny 3. there is still a lot of life left
4. ad
5. give him extra spring much
money 7. need extra spring 8. millions of
dollars the
shoes 10. wear
11. for nothing 12. reach the top
13.
because of 14. something lese 15. hard work
and dedication
16. focusconcentrate on his
studies 17. forget
Task 2: I’ll
get a camera.
One day just before closing
time, John rushed into a TV store to buy a color
TV set with the money he
th
had saved for
three months. The friendly shop assistant was
waiting for the day’s last and 100 customer
to
reach his sales target for his bonus, so he warmly
greeted John and showed him the various models
on display. He asked John to see how sharp and
colorful the imagine on the screen was. At that
moment,
a new commercial came onto the screen,
introducing a popular brand of camera as well as
some beautiful
pictures it had taken. The
camera and pictures attracted John. He suddenly
changed his mind and told
the shop assistant:
“Thank you for the TV commercial. Now I have to
hurry to the camera store to get
that camera.”
Task 3: Don’t even think about
it!
“Don’t even think about it!” is a phrase
commonly used in the United States when a person
emphatically
denies or refuse something.
In 1995, Shaquille O’ Neal, a popular
basketball player, made a Pepsi commercial in
which this phrase
was used. The commercial
begins with Shaq playing basketball, and a little
kid is watching him. Then
the boy cries out
the name of this basketball star. Shaq turns to
see the kid with a Pepsi n his hand.
He walks
over to the boy and says, “Hey, can I have it?” He
bends over, supposing that his admirer
will
give him the Pepsi. But then the kid says, “Don’t
even think about it!” This commercial was
rather popular, and it had been shown on TV
for about three years. The commercial seems to
have a more
dramatic effect than that produced
by the Coca-Cola company in the 1970s. In the Coke
ad a young boy
meets football star “Mean” Joe
Green as he is leaving the field a game. The boy
gives his hero a bottle
of Coke, and in
exchange for the drink, the football player throws
to the boy, who excitedly catches
the
souvenir.
The phrase “Don’t even think about
it!” is used on many other occasions. Visitors to
New York City
are often amused to see a road
sign with these words: “Don’t even think about
parking here.” This
road sign means that
people are strictly prohibited from parking there.
1. A
IV. Speaking Out
Model 1 Who pays?
Laura: Hey!
Bob:
Hey! Look, this is a cool TV commercial. “Things
go better with Coke!”
Laura: I think the Pepsi
commercial is just as attractive: “The choice of a
new generation!”
Bob: Yeah, but the
competitors are just canceling out each other’s
efforts.
Laura: That’s quite true. They both
spend piles of money to increase their market
shares, but neither
gains.
Bob: I’m
afraid the extra costs of advertising will be
passed on to the consumers.
Laura: I hear that
the advertising produces a good image of a
product, and that leads to consumer brand
loyalty.
Bob: What do you mean by
consumer brand loyalty?
Laura: It means
consumers are loyal to a certain product and keep
buying it. Also, they’re willing
to pay
more.
Bob: It seems contradictory. In other
words, more sales mean lower production costs, but
more
advertising means higher costs to the
consumer. In the end the winner is of course the
company.
Laura: That’s true!
Now Your Turn
A: Look, “Make yourself heard!” The Ericsson’s
TV commercial is so cool.
B: I think the
Nokia’s commercial is just as fascinating:
“Connecting People.”
A: I’m afraid consumers
will have to pay for the advertising.
B: I
hear that the advertisements create as a favorable
onmage of a product, and that leads to consumer
brand loyalty.
A: Could you explain
“consumer brand loyalty”?
B: I mean consumers
identify with the product and keep buying it.
Sometimes they’re even willing to
pay more.
A: It is contradictory that increases sales
lead to a lower production cost per unit, but more
advertising
results in greater costs for
consumers. The winner is always the company.
B: I agree.
Model 2 Beware of ads!
Peter: Mind if I switch channels? Those TV
commercials are killing me.
Jane: How can you
say that? Watch: “Take Toshiba, take the world.”
Fantastic! There’s a product you
can depend
on. A powerful product.
Peter: If I were you,
I wouldn’t trust those commercials.
Jane: Now,
look at this McDonald’s commercials! Aren’t those
little kids cute? Oh, and there’s such
a warm
family feeling.
Peter: Just how an advertising
agency wants you to see McDonald’s. you’re the
target audience.
When they make TV
commercials, they use scientific methods to learn
what you’ll like and buy.
Jane: Are you
telling me those darling little children biting
into Big Macs are part of a scientific
project
to get me into McDonald’s?
Peter: Advertises
don’t bother with facts more. Instead they want
the end-user—that’s you—to fall
in love with
their product.
Jane: I see. So what you’re
saying is, “Watch out, or commercials will take
over your life.”
Now Your Turn
A: Shall we
switch to another channel? I don’t like those TV
commercials.
B: Why do you think so? Look:
Just do it! What a powerful product.
A: I
doubt it.
B: Now, look at this L’Oreal
commercial. The model’s skin is so smooth.
A:
This is what they want you to believe: use the
product and you will get the same skin.
B: You
mean they are lying about the product? I don’t
really think so.
A: Advertisers now appeal to
emotions, not reason. They want you to like their
product.
B: Well, I don’t really agree with
you, but we can switch to another channel.
Model 3 Are the free magazines free?
Peter: Jane, what’s that magazine you’re
reading?
Jane: It’s one of those free magazine
you can pick up around town. It’s got some pretty
interesting
articles in it.
Peter: Wake
up, Jane! It’s not free at all. Look at it: It’s
all advertising.
Jane: Maybe so, but if the
advertising pays for the magazine, then I don’t
have to.
Peter: Sure you do. The cost
of the ads is built into the products.
Jane:
Still, I think advertising serves a useful
purpose. It tells me about new products.
Peter: A lot of companies spend more money on
advertising than on making quality products.
Jane: But some commercials are really
fascinating. Besides, you have the freedom to
choose not to look
at the ads.
Peter:
Well, it’s time to cook dinner.
Now Your Turn
A: What’s that brochure you’re reading?
B:
It’s a giveaway brochure you can easily find here
and there. It’s got some pretty interesting things
in it.
A: Do you really think so? It’s not
really free. Look at all the ads in it.
B:
Could be, but I don’t have to pay for it.
A:
You bet you do. The cost6oof the ads is included
in the products.
B: Still, I think advertising
tells me about new products. It helps me in
choosing what to buy.
A: This is just what the
advertisers want you to do.
B: But some
commercials are really fascinating. Besides,
you’re didn’t have to believe all the ads.
A:
Well, let’s go swimming.
V. Let’s Talk
A
Job Ad for a Friendly Employee
A firm
advertising for a “friendly” employee has been
asked to change its wording because it
discriminates against unfriendly people.
Travelco, a travel agency, put in a request
for a “Friendly employee” to provide food for its
staff.
But the Job Center in Bristol told
managing director Harry Smith that he would have
to remove the word
“friendly” before the
advertisement could be accepted.
Mr. Smith
said he could not believe the decision and thought
it was “ridiculous.” He said: “We were
told we
could not use that particular word because it was
discriminatory against people who looked
unfriendly. We thought it was ridiculous. It’s
only too natural for us to specify what kind of
people
we want.” He added, “The people at the
center have since said they thought they had been
a little
over the top.”
The center had
made it a rule that certain words were nor allowed
in ads and the words “motivated”
and
“enthusiastic” had been banned in the past.
An
official of the center said: “We do have
guidelines of not using personality
characteristics in
advertisements to ensure
that there is no discrimination in the process.”
She added: “We should leave the dispute to the
local judges. They’ll make the final decision.
It’s
possible that a member of our staff has
been over-enthusiastic in cutting out words in
ads.”
PersonsAgencies
A firm
WordsActions ReasonsPurposes
advertised
for a friendly discrimination against
employee; unfriendly people
Was asked to
change the
wording
requested for a
friendly to provide food for its
employee
staffemployees
told the Travelco managing
director to remove the
word “friendly”
Travelco
The Job Center
The
managing director said was told not to use It was
natural to specify
that word; thought it was
the kind of people they
ridiculous wanted
added that the people at
the center
thought they
had been a little over the
top
had decided that certain
words were not allowed; .
motivated,
enthusiastic
said they had guidelines no
discrimination
of not using personality
characteristics
added that they should to
make the final decision
leave the dispute to
the
local judges
maybe a member of their
in cutting words
staff had been
over-
enthusiastic
The center
An official
VI. Furthering Listening and
Speaking
Task 1: Banning Cigarette Ads
Nancy: Hey, Robert, what do you think about
cigarette ads?
Robert: They’re disgusting.
Many countries have banned tobacco ads completely.
Nancy: I heard in the States advertises are
not allowed to show young people smoking
cigarettes, neither
are ads targeted at youth
allowed.
Robert: But advertises keep finding
ways around the law. Some years ago one cigarette
ad showed a deer
smoking, but it was dressed
in a university sweater. Obviously the ad is
trying to attract young
people.
Nancy: In
order to increase sales, they have to make smoking
appealing to young people. Make them think
it’s cool.
Robert: Right. Cigarette
manufacturers need to keep bringing in new
customers. The old ones are dying
of lung
cancer.
Nancy: Good point. Our Student Union
should do some publicity against smoking in
campus.
Robert: I couldn’t agree more.
1.
They have banned tobaccocigarette ads completely.
2. Advertisers are not allowed to show young
people smoking cigarettes.
3. They keep
finding ways around the law.
4. They must keep
bringing in new customers, as the old ones are
dying of lung cancer.
5. IT should do some
publicity against smoking on campus.
Task 2: A
Radio Commercial
Are you looking for
appliances or furniture to give new life to your
home?
Look no further! Here at Frontier
Furniture, we have everything you need to give
your home a new look
and feel. Stereos, video
machines, refrigerators, dining tables, washers
and dryers. You name it; we
have it! Low on
cash? We have an easy rent-to-own plan that will
put you on your favorite sofa tonight.
Big color TVs cost only two hundred and
twenty-five dollars; digital pianos staring at
three ninety-nine
($$399); king size beds from
two hundred and fifty dollars. Free delivery on
all major appliances.
So come on down to
Frontier Furniture. Located downtown two blocks
east of city hall, across from Union
Square.
We’re open daily from 10:00 AM to 9:30 PM. So,
come on in, and let us make your dream home
a
reality.
Task 3: An
Introduction to Advertising
Advertising has
become increasingly specialized in modern times.
In today’s business world, supply
usually
outnumbers demand. There is great competition
among different manufacturers of the same kind
of product to attract customers to their
product. They always have to remind the consumer
of the name
and the qualities of their
product. They do this by advertising. The
manufacturers advertise in the
newspapers and
on posters. They sometimes pay for songs about
their product in commercial radio programs.
They employ attractive salesgirls to
distribute samples. They organizes competitions,
with prizes for
the winners. They often
advertise on the screens of local cinemas. Most
important of all, in countries
that have
television, they have advertisements put into
programs that will accept them. Manufacturers
often spend large sums of money on
advertisements. Sometimes they even spend more on
ads than on the
products themselves. We
usually think so because of the advertisements
that say so. Some people never
pause to ask
themselves if the advertisements are telling the
truth.
Speaking
Influence
of a High-Profile Star
Jill: Hey, isn’t that
the same jacket the soccer star Roberto wears in
that magazine ad?
Robert: The very same one
indeed. Even the same color.
Jill: But his
would have bigger pockets to hold all the money
the company pays him to wear it.
Robert:
You’re just jealous. Wait a sec. I’m going to try
it on. It seems to fit me pretty well.
Jill:
You make me sick. You fall for every ad you see.
Robert: Not at all. I want to buy it just
because I like it.
Jill: Sure you do. It and
Roberto.
UNIT5
II. Listening Skills
1.
M: The police gave a few tickets out last week
along Highway 15.
W: In fact, quite a few
tickets were given on that road.
Q: What
does the woman mean?
2. M: Who do you
think is the smartest student in the class?
W: Mary is second to none.
Q: What does the
woman say about Mary?
3. W: What are you
so happy about?
M: Instead of being given an
even dozen, we’ve been given a baker’s dozen.
Q: Why is the man so happy?
4. M: We have had a lot of rain over the last
few years.
W: But nothing like this.
Q: What does the woman mean?
5. M: What
effect has the booming economy had on interest
rates for loans?
W: The interest rates have
skyrocketed!
Q: What does the woman mean?
1. A 2. B
III. Listening In
Task 1: Dogs aren’t allowed here!
Manager:
I’m sorry. Miss, but dogs aren’t allowed in this
theater.
Mary: But I have a ticket for him.
Manager: I’m very sorry, but animals aren’t
permitted.
Mary: You don’t understand. This
is a special case. My dog is so well trained and
so intelligent
that he’s almost human.
Manager: I see that you have an exceptional
animal, but…
Mary: I promise you that if
there is any problem we’ll leave the theater
immediately. I promise you
that this dog isn’t
like any other dog you’ve ever seen.
Manager:
Well…all right. I’ll let you go in, since the
theater is almost empty tonight. But your dog
will have to behave himself, or you will have
to leave.
Mary: Thank you very much.
1.
allowed movie theater
2. a ticket
3. well trained intelligent human
problem leave the theater any other dog
seen
5. almost empty
Task
2: Put the cat out!
A couple was going out for
the evening to celebrate the wife’s birthday.
While they were getting ready,
the husband put
the cat out. The taxi arrived, and as the couple
walked out of their home, the cat ran
back
into the house. Not wanting their car to have free
run of the house while they were out, the husband
went back upstairs to chase the cat out. The
wife, not waiting it known that the house would be
empty,
explained to the taxi driver, “He’s
just going upstairs to say goodbye to my mother.”
A few minutes
later, the husband got into the
car, and said, “Sorry it took it so long. The
stupid old thing was
hiding under the bed, and
I had to poke her with a stick to get her to come
out!”
4-1-3-5-2-6 D) She was ill-treated
at home.
Task 3: A Sudden Change in the
Parrot’s Attitude
A young man named John
received a parrot as a gift. The parrot had a bad
attitude and an even worse
vocabulary. Every
word out of this bird’s mouth was rude. John tried
every method to change the bird’s
attitude by
constantly saying polite words, playing soft
music, and anything he could think of to set
a good example. Nothing worked.
Finally, John got fed up and he yelled at the
parrot. And the bird yelled
back. John shook
the parrot, and the bird got angrier and ruder.
Finally, in a moment of desperation,
John put
the bird in the refrigerator freezer. For a few
minutes, John heard the bird scream and kick.
Then suddenly there was silence. Not a sound
for over a minute. Fearing that he’s hurt the
bird, John
quickly opened the door to the
freezer. The parrot calmly stepped out and said,
“I believe I may have
offended you with my
rude language and actions. I am truly sorry, and I
will do everything I can to
correct my poor
behavior.”
John was greatly surprised at the
bird’s change of attitude. As he was about to ask
the parrot what
had caused such a sudden
change in his behavior, the bird continued, “May
Ii ask why you put the chickens
there and what
they did wrong?”
IV.
Speaking Out
Model 1 The dog will be company
for her.
John: Se-Jin, come shopping with me.
I’m buying a present for my mother.
Se-Jin:
What are you getting her?
John: I’ve got just
the perfect idea. A dog.
Se-Jin: A dog? Would
she like that?
John: She’ll love it. My dad
works long hours each day, and I think with me
away at school, she is
a bit lonely. And I’ll
just get a small one, a Pekinese.
Se-Jin: Good
idea! The dog will be company for her.
Now
Your Turn
A: Hi, come shopping with me. I want
to buy a gift for my neighbor.
B: What for?
A: His wife died a couple of weeks ago, and he
is feeling lonely. He’s been kind to us. I want to
buy
something to cheer him up.
B: What do
you want to get for him?
A: I’m thinking of
buying a bunch of flowers for him.
B: But I’ve
got a perfect idea. A dog.
A: A dog? Why?
B: He’ll be crazy about it. He’s so lonely; he
needs company rather than beautiful flowers.
A: Good thinking! The dog can keep him
company.
Model 2 Where to walk dogs?
Bob:
There’s some talk of a businessman building a dog
park in Shanghai.
Laura: Really, what on earth
for?
Bob: Apparently there is a law against
having dogs on the streets.
Laura: Does it
mean that the dogs have to stay inside apartments
at all times?
Bob: It sounds pretty cruel,
doesn’t it? Maybe the park is a good idea.
Laura: Maybe they should just allow people to
walk their dogs on the streets.
Bob: But in
many large cities where dogs can be walked, the
streets are a mess. I heard Paris is the
worst.
Laura: Couldn’t people just clean
up after their dogs?
Bob: Would they?
Now
Your Turn
A: Have you heard the city
has passes a law against walking dogs in the
streets?
B: Sure, it’s published in the
newspapers.
A: It means that dogs have to be
kept inside all the time.
B: It’s rather
cruel, isn’t it? We shouldn’t be so cruel to dumb
animals.
A: But dogs often leave a mess from
their dogs.
B: But owners can clean up the
mess from their dogs.
A: Would they?
B:
Perhaps the best solution is to build a dog park.
Then people can walk their dogs there.
A:
Sounds too good to be realistic. The city is
already too crowed without the dogs.
Model 3
What does having a few fish do for you?
Philip: Wow! I see you’ve bought an aquarium.
Nice!
Peter: You should get one too. I highly
recommend it.
Philip: Why? What does having a
few fish do for you?
Peter: I find it relaxing
just to sit down and watch tropical fish at the
end of a tiring day.
Philip: I can understand.
I like to take it easy after work , too.
Peter: There’s more than that. They’re really
fascinating. They give you hours of entertainment,
believe me.
Philip: Perhaps I should give
it a try.
Peter: OK, I can lend you a couple
of good reference books.
Philip: Great! Any
other tips on getting started?
Now Your Turn
A: Wow! You’ve bought a discman! It does look
nice!
B: You’d better buy one as well. I
strongly recommend it.
A: Why? What can it do
for you?
B: I find it relaxing to listen to
music on it.
A: I can understand. After a
day’s work I like to relax a bit myself.
B:
Not only that. Some music cheers you up and makes
you forget all your troubles.
A: Maybe I
should have a try, but I don’t know how to use the
diskman.
B: OK, I can lend you this manual.
A: Wonderful! Any other tips on getting
starded?
V. Let’s Talk
An Intelligent Dog
A black dog walked into a butcher’s shop with
a five-dollar bill in his mouth. He spent several
minutes
looking at the meat on display. He
finally fixed his eyes on the lamb chops and
barked, showing that
he wanted to buy some of
them. The butcher, thinking the dog wouldn’t know
the difference, picked out
the worst chops.
The dog barked angrily and continued to bark until
the butcher selected the finest
chops. After
the butcher took the money from the dog’s mouth,
the dog picked up the chops and left
the shop.
The butcher was deeply impressed and decided
that he would like to own a clever dog like that.
He closed
up shop and followed the dog to see
where it went. The dog entered an apartment house,
climbed to the
third floor, and began to
scratch on the door. With that, the door opened
and an angry man started yelling
at the dog.
As he did so, the butcher stepped forward to ask
the man to stop. “What are you doing?”
That’s
the smartest animal I’ve ever seen! Surely it
doesn’t deserve this kind of treatment.” The
butcher then went on to explain how the dog
had bought the best lamb chops in the shop. The
man looked
at the butcher from the corner of
his eye and said, “I don’t think he’s so
intelligent. You see,
this is third
time this week he’s forgotten his key.”
Characters
A dog
The butcher
The
dog
The butcher
The dog
The butcher
The dog
Actions and Words
walked into
a butcher’s shop with five dollars;
fixed eyes
on the lamb chops and barked—wanted some.
picked up the worstlowest quality chops.
barked angrily and continuously
selected
the finest chops;
took the money.
left.
wanted to ownhave such a dog;
followed the
dog.
entered an apartment house
climbed to
the third floor;
scratched on the door.
opened the door;
yelled at the dog.
asked him to stop,
saying it was the
smartestcleverest animal;
explained how the
dog had got the best lamb chops.
looked at him
sideways;
said it was the third time this week
the dog had forgotten
his key.
A man
The butcher
The man
VI.
Furthering Listening and Speaking
Task 1: A
Birthday Present
Mary: David, how did your mom
like the dog you gave her for a birthday gift?
David: Oh, Mary, she was delighted. It licked
her hand and wagged its tail and she was hooked.
Mary: What did she call it?
David: She’s
calling it “Brian”, after a friend of hers.
Mary: Your mom always did have a sense of
humor. I read somewhere that dogs can become very
close to
their owners.
David: I’ve heard
that. I saw an interview on TV with a man who had
epileptic attacks, and his dog
would warn him
before he would have an attack.
Mary: Really?
I wonder how they can do that1
David: It ahs
something to do with the dog’s sense of smell.
It’s very keen.
Mary: Do you think Brian will
be able to foretell when your mom is going to
roast a chicken?
After David gave his mom
a dog as a birthday present, she was very pleased,
for the dog licked her hand
and wagged its
tail. She called it Brian after one of her
friends. Mary read an article which says that
dogs can be faithful to their ownersmasters.
David agreed, for he saw a TV interview which
introduced
a dog that could warn its master of
an epileptic attack. He explained that this
ability of the dog’s
has something to do with
its keen sense of smell. Jokingly, Mary said she
wounded whether the dog Brian
can
foretellpredict when David’s mom is going to roast
a chicken.
Task 2: 100 Percent Polar Bear
One afternoon in the Arctic, a father
polar bear and his son polar bear were sitting in
the snow. The
son turned to his father and
asked, “Dad, am I 100 percent polar bear?” “Of
course, son, you’re
100 percent polar bear.”
A few minutes passed, and the bear turned to
his father again and said, “Dad, tell me the
truth. I
can take it. Am I 100 percent polar
bear? No brown bear or panda bear?” “Son, I’m 100
percent polar
bear and your mother is 100
percent polar bear, so you’re certainly 100
percent polar bear.”
A few minutes passed, and
the son polar bear again turned to his father and
asked, “Dad, don’t worry.
But it’ll hurt my
feelings if it’s not true. I really need to
know…am I really 100 percent polar
bear?”
Somewhat angered by this continued
questioning, the father polar bear yelled at his
son, “Why on earth
do you keep asking is
you’re 100 percent polar bear?”
“Because I’m
freezing to death out here!”
Task 3: An Introduction to Advertising
“Are you ready to go to work?” a woman asks
her dog Sydney. The dog was her tail. Then she
starts
sniffing around inside the house.
Sydney is hunting for mold. When she sits down,
that means she smells
mold nearby. Usually
mold is found within three or four feet. A boy who
lives in this house has epileptic
attacks. It
could be from mold. His mother wanted to find the
mold. She tried other ways to find it,
but
they didn’t work. She said she trusted the dog
more than the other ways. Workers found mold near
where Sydney sat. Nobody had thought to look
for mold there before. Now it can be cleaned out
and the
boy will feel much better.
Sydney
is very special. Only about ten animals in the
U.S. can do this. She spent hundreds of hours
with a police dog trainer in Florida to learn
how. In the U.S., people have used dogs to find
drugs
and bombs for a long time, but dogs that
find mold are something new.
People in Europe
have used mold-sniffing dogs for many years. Dogs
are cheaper to use than human trackers
and can
find exactly where the mold is. They also do it
quickly and for less than %500. Other methods
may cost thousands of dollars and take many
weeks.
Speaking
A Funeral
for a Dead Fish
Nancy: Westerners often take
pets as their friends, even their family members.
Especially dogs They
think dogs are man’s best
friends.
Michael: What pets do people usually
keep?
Nancy: A lot. Fish, cats, horses…
anything could be a pet.
Michael: Do you have
a pet?
Nancy: I have three fish. One day, the
fish called Susan died. We even had a funeral for
her.
Michael: A funeral?
Nancy: Yes,
usually it’s a ceremony for dead people. But we
had a funeral for the dead fish.
Michael:
Sounds interesting.
Nancy: Well, I need to go
back to feed my fish. Talk to you later.
Michael: OK, bye.
UNIT6
II.
Listening Skills
Dialog 1
Girl 1: What do
you think of this miniskirt, Amy? Pretty hot
stuff, eh?
Girl 2: Wow…it’s pretty short. My
mom would never let me wear something like that.
Girl 1: My mom’s cool. She lets me make my own
decisions about clothes.
Girl 2: Not my mom.
She’d be mad if I came home in a skirt like that.
Girl 1: Let’s both got one; then maybe your
mom wouldn’t be so upset if we both wore the same
skirt.
Girl 2: Well…maybe.
2. The first
girl(The girl who suggests wearing the short
skirt.)
Dialog 2
Mother: Lily, where
did you get that skirt? You can’t wear that. It’s
much too short! What will others
think?
Lily: You don’t understand fashion. It’s
what everyone is wearing. I think it looks very
attractive.
Mother: Nonsense, it’s only
suitable for a supermodel on the catwalk. It’s not
meant for ordinary
people like us. Your dad is
sure to say the skirt is far too revealing!
Lily: But it’s really in high fashion;
everyone is wearing clothes like this.
Mother:
Not everyone. Your friend Amy would never wear a
skirt like that!
[Amy comes in, wearing the
same style of short skirt!]
Lily: Look, Amy
has come. She’s wearing the same skirt!
Mother: My God, I give up.
1. B 2. No,
she hasn’t.
III. Listening In
Task 1: A
Woman’s Funny Dress
Lily: Mom, look at that
woman. Her dress looks funny.
Mother: I
wouldn’t say that, Lily. It looks fine to me.
Lily: Are you kidding? She’s out of fashion.
That’s last year’s style.
Mother: Oh, come
one, as long as it looks good on her.
Lily:
Wow, you’re really as out-dated as she is.
Mother: You’re right. I’m out of date. So
what? What’s the point of following the fashion?
Lily: No wonder you never buy me new
dresses.
1. looks funny
2. looks fine to
her
3. is behind the times
4. went out
5. looks good on her
6. out-dated
7.
keeping herself in style
8. no wonder
Task
2: How is fashion decided?
Fashion designers
design and make fashionable clothes for men and
women. They deign trends and create
new
styles. Paris has been the traditional center of
world fashion, though recently British designers
have had great influence in setting new
styles, and so have certain designers in the
United States and
Italy. French designers
guard the secrets of their new designs until their
collections are shown to
the public.
Then pictures of the styles are published in
newspapers and magazines all over the world.
People from many countries travel to Paris to
buy the clothes and copy the newest ideas. In
January
they go to see the spring clothes; and
in July, to see the autumn designs. Many dress
manufacturers
from other countries buy the
original clothes of the famous French designers.
They then take them back
to their own sewing
rooms, where the clothes are copied and made up in
great numbers. That’s why you
may be able to
buy in your town the clothing that is in the
latest style without paying a very high
price
for it. Other manufacturers use the Paris styles
simply as a starting point for their own ideas.
Still others may adapt only a part of the
French design into their own styles.
1. F
Fashion designers design
fashionable clothes,
begin trends and new styles,
and their work is copied all over the world.
Paris is the center of
the world fashion, where the secrets of the new
designs
are guarded until they are shown to
the public
People and manufacturers come
to Paris to buy and copy new clothes, in January
and July. Then the
clothes are copied and made
up in large numbers, for which one does not
have to pay a high price.
Other manufacturers use Paris styles simply as a
starting point for their
own ideas.
Still others adapt only a part of the French
design
Task 3: Dreaming of Being a Fashion
Model
Top fashion models travel all over the
world, earn huge salaries and live exciting lives.
If you want
to be a model, you should know the
basic rules. Girls are usually picked to be models
when they are
between 15 and 22 years old.
Ideally, they are tall, long-legged, and thin. The
minimum height is about
5’8”, and the average
weight is 108-125 pounds. A few other important
things for a fashion model are
clear skin,
healthy hair, straight teeth, and a well-shaped
body. You’ll also need ambition,
intelligence,
confidence, independence, and will-power.
If
you’ve got the right looks but are worried over
not being tall enough or fit enough, Kimi is the
answer. Kimi is the magic key to developing
your fashion model potential. Kimi is a computer-
designed
stimulator. It massages your feet to
stimulate a part of your brain that produces more
growth hormones.
This will give you the
fashion model kind of height. You should also go
in for some sports like running
or basketball.
These increase the benefits of using Kimi.
Make an important decision today. Order Kimi
right now! Don’t you think having the hegith and
shape
of a fashion model would be wonderful?
Yes, Kimi helps you realize your dream.
Top fashion models…..earning large salaries
Future models…..being at least 5’8” tall
Kimi…………..massaging one’s feet
A part of
the brain……producing growth hormones directly
Customers…….buying Kimi
IV. Speaking Out
Model 1 How did you like the fashion show?
Laura: How did you like the fashion show last
night?
John: It was dumb. I think it’s stupid
of women to wear clothes like that.
Laura: I
didn’t see anything wrong with the clothes; they
looked pretty nice to me.
John: Do you
really think people can wear that stuff and walk
around the streets?
Laura: Yes, I do. At
least, some people certainly can. They wear high-
fashion clothes to show off their
sense of
style and wealth.
John: Well, I still think
they’re dumb. It makes more sense to spend the
money on more practical
purposes.
Now Your
Turn
A: What did you think of the low-cut
dress at the fashion show yesterday evening?
B: I think it’s not decent for Chinese girls
to wear a dress like that.
A: The dress seemed
quite al right to me. In fact, they looked pretty
nice to me.
B: Do you really think people can
wear that stuff and walk around the streets?
st
A: Yes, I do. Don’t forget this is
already the 21 century. Some people wear high-
fashion clothes to
show off their sense of
style as wealth.
B: Well, I still think low-
neck dresses are wrong. It would be better to
spend the money on high-quality,
traditional
clothes.
Model 2 I’m looking for a light
jacket.
Salesman: What can I do for you?
John: I’m looking for a light jacket.
Salesman: Please come this way; they’re just
over here. What size do you like?
John: I’m
not sure.
Salesman: ok, I’ll measure you.
Well, you are size 42. What color do you like?
John: Light blue, please.
Salesman:
OK, try this one on.
John: Yes, that’s
comfortable. And the color goes well with my
jeans. How much is it?
Salesman: $$.
John:
I’ll take it. Can I pay with a credit card?
Salesman: Sure, we take both debit and major
credit cards.
Now Your Turn
A: Can I help
you?
B: Can you show me a pair of jeans?
A: OK. What size do you wear?
B: I don’t
know.
A: No problem, I’ll take your
measurements…OK, what color do you like?
B:
Dark blue, please.
A: Please try this one
on…How does it feel?
B: Yes, that’s
comfortable. And the color matches my jacket. What
does it cost?
A: $$.
B: I’ll take it. Can I
pay with a credit card?
A: Sorry, we accept
only cash.
Model 3 Could you show me a pair of
running shoes?
Salesman: Good morning, see
anything you like?
John: Not yet, I’ll
look around first…Excuse me, could you show me a
pair of running shoes? Are
any of these on
sale?
Salesman: The price of the Reeboks won’t
change, but the Nikes go on sale this
afternoon:25% off. That’s
a good deal.
John: No, I don’t like Nikes at all.
Salesman: Well, why don’t you try on
this pair of Reeboks and see how they feel?
John: Okay. But I think they are going to
be on the small side. Oh, there, I’m afraid are a
bit
too tight. Do you have a size 24?
Salesman: I’m sorry, they’re all sold out. But
I’ll be glad to order a new pair of you.
John:
How long will it take?
Salesman: Three days.
John: Then don’t bother. Thank you anyway.
Now Your Turn
A: May I help you?
B: I want to buy a dress. Can I have a look at
the green one?
A: Sure. Please try it on and
see how it feels.
B: OK…I think it’s a bit too
large. Do you have a smaller one?
A: I’m
sorry, this is the smallest one. How about the
blue one?
B: No, I don’t like the color.
Thanks.
V. Let’s Talk
The Miniskirt
Mary Quant was a famous dress designer in the
1960s. Her main contribution to fashion history
was the
miniskirt. During the 1960s many young
people were starting to think women could do more
in life than
be wives and mothers. Clothes
became a weapon in the battle between generations.
Anything different
and daring was soon
popular. During this period miniskirts attracted
the world’s attention. It was
teenagers and
very young girls who bought short shirts that
displayed their legs. Ms. Quant said that
at
her fashion shop, young women began demanding
shorter and shorter skirts. “If I didn’t make them
short enough, the girls that had wonderful
legs would take scissors and shorten the skirts
themselves.”
She said. Eventually, Ms. Quant’s
skirts, which arrived in the United States in the
mid-60’s, were
reduced to about five inches.
In parts of Europe and North America the miniskirt
represented loose morals.
Members of the older
generation believed good girls would never appear
in miniskirts. But in Ms. Quant’s
opinion,
short skirts worn with heavy pantyhose would make
the girl look childlike. Lately, feminists
have come to see mini as a symbol of women’s
liberation, as a powerful weapon against the
traditional
stereotype of the woman simply as
wife and mother.
VI.
Furthering Listening and Speaking
Task 1:
Paying for the New Clothes
Daughter: Mom, I
need some new clothes. Everything I have is out of
date. The new semester will be starting
soon—can we go shopping?
Mother: You have
a closet full of clothes that are still in very
good condition. Your father and I
already have
to pay you university tuition…and there’re the
books too.
Daughter: But everyone else will be
wearing the latest Levis. And I will look stupid
wearing the same
old skirts I wore in high
school. They are so long. People will think I came
form the middle
ages.
Mother: But…
Daughter: Maybe I could get a part-time job to
help pay for the new clothes.
Mother:
No, you need to study. But university is a new
experience…maybe we can look for something not
too expensive.
Daughter: Wonderful, at
least we can have a look.
The daughter wants
to buy new clothes, but the mother disagrees,
saying she still has a lot of clothes
in good
condition and the parents have to pay for the
university tuition. The daughter argues that she
needs clothes in fashion, so as not to look as
if she had come form the middle ages. The daughter
then
suggests getting a part-time job to cover
the expenses. Not wanting to affect the daughter’s
studies,
the mother finally agrees to buy new
clothes.
Task 2: A Model’s Description of Her
Work
Before the fashion show started, we had a
rehearsal. In a small room we were each given a
space. A dresser
got us into the fashion
clothes, then an assistant checked that the style
was right—the correct number
of buttons
undone, the trousers pulled to the right height.
Once dressed, we queued up in order by the
door. The fashion designer checked that the
clothing was as the he wanted. The music started,
and we
went out. We posed for the
photographers, turned and walked back. It was a
breeze. I walked back into
the room, too
excited to realize I was meant to hurry. In the
few steps from the door you can throw
off
quite a few layers of clothing. By failing to do
so, I almost missed my next turn.
At 8:., with
the audience in place, we were back in the
clothes. We went out again, to a full house.
The music was loud, but clear. You could hear
the talking—fashion shows are not theatre, and
people
don’t keep quiet. Journalists discuss
what to write about; buyers discuss whether they
can make a profit
from the clothes. And
although you have been chosen for your looks that
are suitable for certain dresses,
as a model,
you are just an advertisement for the designer. So
you walk through conversations, unable
to stop
or react. You are not a creative human being, just
a smiling doll.
Task 3: Itsy
Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka-dot Bikini
She was afraid to come out of the locker
She was as nervous as she could be
She was
afraid to come out of the locker
She was
afraid that somebody would see
One, two,
three, four, tell people what she wore
It
was an itsy bitsy teenie weenie yellow polka-dot
bikini
That she wore for the first time today.
An itsy bitsy teenie weenie yellow polka-dot
bikini
So in the locker she wanted to stay.
Two, three, four, stick around we’ll tell you
more
She was afraid to come out in the
open
And so a blanket around her she wore
She was afraid to come out in the open
And
so she sat bundled up on the shore
Two, three,
four, tell the people what she wore…
Speaking
Buying an Expensive Dress
Nancy:
Your new low-cut dress is wonderful.
Jill:
Thank you, Nancy. I just bought it on sale. It was
marked d9own 50%.
Nancy: Where did you get it?
Jill: Lane Crawford. They had a year-end
sale that was too good to pass up.
Nancy: I
heard about this store. They have all the high-end
stuff.
Jill: Nothing good in life is cheap.
Nancy: Well, let’s go shopping then. And don’t
forget to bring it.
Jill: Bring what?
Nancy: Your credit card.
UNIT7
II.
Listening Skills
1. W: How much money is the
rent for an apartment in this neighborhood?
M: Your rent should be about a quarter of that.
Q: How much should be the woman’s rent be?
2. M: I paid $$3,500 for this digital
camera. It was on sale at a 30$$ discount.
W:
It’s a real bargain.
Q: How much did the
camera cost originally?
3. M: What’s the
rate for an economy car?
W: The daily rate
is $$32, unlimited mileage.
Q: How much will
the man pay if he rents the car for a week?
4. M: I’ll take these sweaters. How much do
they cost?
W: They are $$180 each and four
makes a total of $$720. But today we are offering a
20% discount.
Q: How much does the man have
to pay?
5. W: What an old car you’ve got!
M: Well, it had run 12,000 miles when I
bought it second hand. And it’s covered 3,080
miles since
then.
Q: How many miles has
the car run?
III.
Listening In
Task 1: It’s time to buy.
Mike: Hey, Robert, where are you off to?
Robert: I’m going to talk to a banker about a
loan.
Mike: You are short of money? I
thought you were the saving type.
Robert:
There’s a time to save and a time to spend.
Mike: I know all about spending. What’s the
loan for? I have a few bucks I could…
Robert:
I’m considering getting a mortgage to buy some
property.
Mike: Do you think property is a
good investment? I mean, it’s a lot of money.
Robert: Well, Mike, as you know, property
values have been going through the roof. If I had
bought an
apartment two years ago, its value
would have gone up by 30 percent today.
Mike:
And from what I know, interest rates are low now.
Robert: Exactly. Sounds like a good time to
buy.
9. a banker a loan
10. saving
save spend
11. a mortgage property
12. Property values
13. risengone
upincreased by 30 percent
Task 2: Can I have
my change please?
Tom was down on his luck and
felt he needed a few drinks. Hw went to a bar and
had several drinks. When
he was done, he stood
up and walked toward the door. The barman shouted
after him, “Hey mister, are
you going to pay
for those drinks?”
Tom turned around and
replied, “I have already paid you,” and then
walked out of the bar. Almost
immediately he
saw one of his friends Richard and told him about
the barman, “Just go in there and
drink all
you want, then get up and leave. When the barman
asks you to pay the bill, just tell him you
have already paid.”
This sounded easy
enough, so Richard went in and has several drinks.
The barman went to him and said,
“Before you
came in, another man was here. When I asked him to
pay his bill, he told me he’d paid,
but I
don’t remember him paying me.”
Richard said,
“I would love to stay and hear your story, but I
don’t have time. Can I havemy change
please?”
1. A
Task 3: Why not just
print money?
What’s the solution to a
recession, a time of little economic activity?
Just print money! Sounds
reasonable, doesn’t
it? Let’s see if this will work by using an
example.
Let’s pretend that all the students
in your class make up the ENTER population of the
country, and
the teacher represents the
government. Let’s also pretend each student has
exactly $$.
Since we are in a recession, let’s
have the teacher, who represents the government,
print money. He
prints $$ more for everyone.
Now everyone has $$ more to spend. More money to
spend sounds like a great
way to get us out of
recession, since more money to spend means demand
for goods and services.
Then if that works,
why don’t we give MORE money away? How about $$100?
Now we have lots of money to
spend. So no more
recession, right?
Not really, because we have
only looked at one side of the problem. As more
and more people receive
more and more money,
what’ll happen?
Since everyone has more money,
the students all go shopping to spend that extra
money. This causes the
demand for goods and
services to rise, and people who sell goods and
services raise price. For example,
if you
could buy a new music CD at $$10 in the past, now
the price could be $$1,000! This is called
inflation.
So, the original reason for
printing all this money was to help get us of
recession, but we have only
replaced one
problem with another.
IV. Speaking Out
Model 1 I want to
blow it all.
John: Hey, Se-Jin, do you want
to come shopping with me? My dad just gave me my
monthly allowance and
I want to blow it all.
Se-Jin: That sounds just like you, John! What
do you want to buy?
John: I don’t know…Some
music CDs, maybe.
Se-Jin: If you spend all
that money on things you don’t even know if you
want, you won’t have any
money left when you
need it.
John: But if I just save my money,
that doesn’t s sound like much fun either.
Besides, I need some
new CDs.
Se-Jin: You
also need a financial advisor!
Now Your Turn
A: Hey, do you want to come shopping with me?
I just got some money from my part-time job, and I
want
to get rid of it right away.
B:
That’s your style. What do you want to buy?
A:
I don’t know…some fashionable clothes, maybe.
B: If you waste all your money on things you
don’t even know if you want, you’ll be out of
money completely
when you need it.
A: But
if I just hold on to my money…that doesn’t make
much sense either. I really need some new clothes.
What’s the point of saving lots of money
without fun?
B: As I see it, you need a person
to look after your money.
Model 2 Can money
buy everything?
Peter: I’m trying to think of
ways to become rich. If I could get my hands on a
lot of money, I’ll
be really happy.
Jane:
Do you really think so? I’m not so sure.
Peter: Of course, why wouldn’t I? I’d be able
to have anything I want.
Jane: Well, there are
plenty of people who have a lot of money but
aren’t happy. What do you say to
that?
Peter: But if I became a millionaire, I’d buy
whatever I wanted.
Jane: Can you buy true
love? Can you buy the moon?
Peter: Maybe not,
but I can buy a house with a lot of modern
conveniences.
Jane: So many people think like
you do, buy look at all the divorces, suicides and
murders among wealthy
people. How do you
explain that?
Peter: Maybe there’s something
in what you said.
Now Your Turn
A: I
really hope I can make a fortune. If I had a lot
of money, I’d be as happy as a king.
B: Do you
really believe so? I have my doubts about it.
A: Of course, why wouldn’t I? If I were a
millionaire, there’s nothing I couldn’t buy.
B: Well, can you but health? Can you but true
friendship?
B: Maybe not. But I can but a big
house and car, and make my life more comfortable.
A: Maybe you have a point there. Money can
bring material comforts. But don’t forget, there
are also
divorces and suicides among wealthy
people.
B: Well, there is some truth in what
you said. Money cannot but real happiness.
Model 3 I wonder if you could give me a
loan.
John: Hey, Se-Jin, I was just on my way
to find you.
Se-Jin: What’s up, John?
John: Se-Jin, I’m kind of broke, and you
usually have a bundle tucked away. I wonder if you
could
give me a loan.
Se-Jin: Dream on!
I’m hard up myself.
John: You see, I want to
buy some new stereo equipment, and I’m just about
a hundred short.
Se-Jin: Why not save up for
it?
John: The stores have all stuff on a huge
sales promotion right now. I could save at least
30 percent!
S-Jin: John, I’d lend you money if
you were in a jam. But a new stereo isn’t an
emergency.
John: Then I’m afraid I have to
find someone who is more easy-going.
Now
Your Turn
A: Hi, I was trying to catch up with
you.
B: What happened?
A: Money had burned
a hole in my pocket. You usually have some
savings. I wonder if you can lend me
some
money?
B: You’re daydreaming. I’m short of
money myself.
A: Look, I want to buy a digital
camera, and I’m only short of 150 bucks.
B:
Why not save towards it?
A: The camera is on
sale right now. This can save me almost 25
percent.
B: Well, I’d lend you the money if
you were in real redouble. But a new camera isn’t
urgent.
A: Then I’m afraid I’ll have to try
someone who’s more generous.
V. Let’s Talk
Story of a Miser
There was a miser who
loved money more than anything else. Just before
he died, he said to his wife,
“Now, listen.
When I die, I want you to take all my money and
put it in the casket with me. I want
to take
my money to the afterlife with me.”
He made
her promise with all her heart that when he dies,
she would pit all the money in the casket
with
him. Then he died. He was laid in the casket, his
wife was sitting there wearing black, and her
friend was sitting next to her.
When they
finished the ceremony, just before the undertakers
got already to close the casket, the wife
said, “Wait a minute!” She had a box with her.
She came over with the box and put it in the
casket.
Then the undertakers locked the casket
down, and they rolled it away. He friend said,
“Girl, I know
you weren’t fool enough to put
all that money in there with your husband!”
She said, “Listen, I’m a Christian. I can’t go
back on my word. I promise him that I would put
all
the money in the casket with him.”
“You mean you really put that money in the
casket with him!?”
“I surely did,” said the
wife. “I wrote him a check.”
1. more than
2. money casket
3. promise
4. in
the casket
5. sitting black
6.
next tobeside
7. close
8. a box
9.
awayoff
10. foolish all that moneythe money
11. a Christian on her word
12. put the
money
13. a check
VI. Furthering Listening
and Speaking
Task 1: Giving Money to a Beggar
Susan: Hey, Robert, you gave that beggar some
of your hard-earned cash?
Robert: I know. He
looked as if he needed help.
Susan: Buy you’re
always so careful with your money.
Robert:
Yeah, I guess so, but I like to help when
someone’s in need.
Susan: I just wonder why
the guy doesn’t get a job and make his own living.
Robert: It’s just not that simple, Susan. Some
people have a hard time of it in life.
Susan:
Maybe they waste all their money. If you give them
money, they will just go on wasting it.
Robert: Life has been good to me, Susan, and
I’d like to share some of my luck.
1. the
beggar
2. as if
3. help
4. careful
withabout
5. a job
6. people
7. a hard
time
8. waste
9. share
10. good luck
Task 2: Buying a Machine
An American
manufacturer is showing his machine factory to a
potential customer. At noon, when the lunch
bell rings, two thousand men and women
immediately stop working and leave the building.
“Your workers, they’re escaping!” cries the
visitor. “You’ve got to stop them.”
“Don’t
worry, they’ll be back,” says the American. And
indeed, an exactly one 0’clock the bell
rings
again, and all the workers return from their
break.
When the tour is over, the manufacturer
turn s to his guest and says, “Well, now, which of
these machines
would you like to order?”
“Forget the machines,” says the visitor. “How
much do you want for that bell?”
Task 3: An Introduction to Credit Cards
Credit cards are plastic cards issued by a
bank or other financial institutions allowing the
holder
to buy goods and service without using
cash. Many American don’t like to carry much cash.
For them
the cards are convenient and safe to
use.
Credit cards are gaining popularity, even
for buying small items. They are accepted almost
everywhere,
though not at fast food
restaurants.
Credit cards allow you to
purchase things that you may not currently have
the money to buy. When you
use a credit card,
the credit card company that issued the credit
card pays the store. Later, a bill
will be
mailed to you by your credit card company for the
amount you purchased. At that time, you can
either pay the bill in full, or only pay a
minimum amount, and wait till later to finish
paying. If
you wait till later, you will owe
the credit card company interest on the amount
that you do not pay.
Speaking
Can you change a twenty-dollar bill?
Cashier: How can I help you, Miss?
Jill:
Could you change a 20 for me?
Cashier: Sure.
How do you want it?
Jill: Could I have two
5’s, but not enough 1’s. Are quarters all right
with you?
Cashier: Well, I have some 5’s, but
not enough 1’s. Are quarters all right with you?
Jill: Oh, that’s even better! In that case,
I won’t have to worry about the small change for
the
laundry.
Cashier: Here you are!
Jill: Thanks a million!