(完整word版)如何做高中英语阅读理解中的推理判断题教案.
谢谢你作文-教师节演讲
Reading Comprehension
— how to
make inferences
By Sun Yunping
Gaoyou City No.1 Middle School
Teaching aim:
To improve the students’ ability of make
inferences
Teaching difficult point:
How
to improve the students’ ability of doing task-
based reading
Teaching aid:
Multimedia
Teaching procedures:
Step
One: Lead-in
Have a free talk with students
and find out the difficulty that they have in
doing reading
Comprehension.
1. How much
time do you usually spend on this exam item?
2.
解读2011年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生读懂简易的英语文学
作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关
于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考
生应能：
１、理解语篇主旨要义 ；
２、理解文中具体信息；
３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；
４、作出简单判断和理解；
５、理解文章的基本结构；
６、理解作者的意图和态度;
7
、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作关键词词语转换 。
3．How
many question types are there in this exam item?
事实细节型；词义猜测型；主旨大意型；推理判断型
Step Two: Finding
out ways
Give students a sample and then
help them get the relative ways to solve each
question type.
Then let them do some practice.
1).How to infer the implied
meanings(
推断隐含意义)
【
Sample
】
It is fun to turn over a big rock on the
beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the
position it
was in after you moved it. If you
don’t turn it back over, all the sea animals under
it or clinging
to（依附）the underside will die.
You can tell that rocks ________.(B)
A.
hurt sea animals B. protect
sea animals
1
C. won’t be
found on beaches D. can’t be found on
beaches
【解题技巧】
1.全面分析2.忠实原文3.不选表层信息
【Practice】
1. (2010江苏B)
The real
problem is that the areas where wolves can live
are being used by
people．Even if wilderness
land is not used directly for human needs, the
wolves can’t always
find enough food. So they
travel to the nearest source, which is often a
farm. Then there is
danger. The“big bad
wolf”has arrived! And everyone knows what happens
next．
The last sentence“ And everyone knows
what happens next” implies that in such cases.(B)
A．farm animals will be in danger and have to
be shipped away
B．wolves will kill people and
people will in turn kill them
C．wolves will
find enough food sources on farms
D．people
will leave the areas where wolves can live
2.
(2010全国卷II A）
One day, as I was getting her
food, Brownie chewed up(咬破) one of Dad’s
shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end.
I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her
know what she did was wrong. When I looked at
her and said, “Bad girl.” She looked down at
the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear
in her eyes.
We can infer from Paragraph 2
that Brownie __.(B)
A. would eat anything when
hungry B. felt sorry for her mistake
C.
loved playing hide-and-seek D. disliked
the author's dad
2).How to infer the
author’s opinion and attitudes
(推断作者观点或态度)
【
Sample
】
Why isn’t your
newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about
is murder, bribery(行贿)，
and death. Frankly, I
am sick of all the bad news.
This
author
’
s attitude towards the newspaper
reporting is to _____.(A)
A. complain B.
apologize C. amuse D. inform
【解题技巧】
1.注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子
2.推断出作者的弦外之音
3.站在作者的立场或角度
【描述作者态度的词】
objective; neutral; subjective; positive;
negative; critical; pessimistic; optimistic;
approving;
disapproving; indifferent; ironic
【Practice】
（2010天津C）
In the kitchen of
my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden
stand（木
架）with a small notepad（记事本）and a hole
for a pencil.
I’m looking for paper on which
to note down the name of a book I am recommending
to my
mother. Over forty years since my
earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil,
five houses
2
later, the
current paper and pencil look the same as they
always did. Surely it can’t be the same
pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden
stand is definitely the original one.
“I’m
just amazed you still have the same stand for
holding the pad and pencil after all these
years.” I say to her, walking back into the
living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil.
“You
still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a
pen?”
My mother replies a little sharply. “It
works perfectly well. I’ve always kept the stand
in the
kitchen. I never knew when I might want
to note down an idea, and I was always in the
kitchen
in these days.”
What is the
author’s original opinion about the wooden stand?
(B)
A. It has great value for the family.
B. It needs to be replaced by a better one.
C. It brings her back to her lonely childhood.
D. It should be passed on to the next
generation.
In the author’s mind, her mother
is __.(B)
A. strange in behavior.
B. keen on her research.
C. fond of collecting
old things. D. careless about her
appearance.
3).How to infer the writing
purpose(
推断写作目的)
【
Sample
】
“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it
lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the
water and felt the rush of energy as waves
came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave
Energy Group at the University of
Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in
waves,”he
said.
The writer uses the two
questions at the beginning of the passage to
______(B)
A. test the readers’ knowledge about
waves B. draw the readers’ attention to the
topic
C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance
D. invite the readers to answer them
【写作目的归纳】
to entertain readers 娱乐读者，让人发笑,常见于故事类的文章。
to persuade readers说服读者接受某种观点,常见于广告类的文章。
to inform readers
告知读者某些信息,多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类文章.
【Practice】
1. (2010湖南A)
L1PITOR
ABOUT LIPITOR
Lipitor is a
prescription medicine. Along with diet and
exercise，it lowers “bad'’ cholesterol(胆
固醇)in your blood．It can also raise “good'’
cholesterol·
Lipitor can lower the risk
of heart attack in patients with several common
risk factors，
WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?
Who can take LIPITOR：
What is the
main purpose of the passage?(D)
People who
cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet
and exercise
Adults and children over l0
3
Who should NOT take LIPITOR：
Women
who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become
pregnant. Lipitor may harm your
unborn baby…
A. To teach patients ways for
quick recovery.
B. To present a report on a
scientific research.
C. To show the importance
of a good lifestyle.
D. To give information
about a kind of medicine.
2.
(2010四川B)
Boiler rooms are often dirty and
steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point
is a very new47-unit living building in South
Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds
of the people living there are formerly (以前)
homeless people, whose rent is paid by the
government. The rest are low-income families.
The boiler room has special equipment, which
produces energy for electricity and heat. It
reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the
air,
reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also
cutting costs.
What is the purpose of
describing the boiler room in the first
paragraph?(C)
A. To explain the measures the
city takes to care for poor people.
B. To
suggest that affordable housing is possible in all
areas.
C. To show how the environment-friendly
building works.
D. To compare old and new
boiler rooms.
4).How to infer the
structure and organization(
推断文脉关系)
【
Question forms
】
The next
paragraph would most probably deal with _______
The paragraph preceding this one would most
likely discuss ______.
【解题技巧】
推测下文的内容：推断下文要注意最后一段的内容。
推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是开始几句话。
【Practice】
(2010湖北B)
In this article, I'll describe
three no-win situations that commonly arise
between
teens and parents and then suggest
some ways out of the trap. The first no-win
situation is
quarrels over unimportant things.
Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the
cleanliness of
the bedroom, the preferred
style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a
good breakfast before
school, or his tendency
to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second,
blaming. The goal of a
blaming battle is to
make the other admit that his bad attitude is the
reason why everything goes
wrong. Third,
needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the
topic is— politics, the laws of
physics, or
the proper way to break an egg—the point of these
arguments is to prove that you are
right and
the other person is wrong, for both wish to be
considered an authority — someone who
actually
knows something —and therefore to command respect.
Unfortunately, as long as
parents and teens
continue to assume that they know more than the
other, they'll continue to fight
these battles
forever and never make any real progress.
What
will the author most probably discuss in the
paragraph that follows?(C)
A. Causes for the
parent-teen conflicts.
B. Examples of the
parent-teen war.
C. Solutions for the parent-
teen problems.
D. Future of the parent-teen
relationship.
4
【
Question
forms
】
Which of the following best shows
the structure of the passage?
How is the
passage organized?
【解题技巧】
按段落的组织方法理解文章结构或按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章结构。
【Practice】
(2005江苏E)
The twentieth
century saw greater changes than any century
before: changes for the
better, changes for
the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits
to human beings, changes
that put man in
danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my
opinion, the most important
was the progress
in science.
Scientific research in physics and
biology has vastly broadened our views. It has
given us a
deeper knowledge of the structure
of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a
better
understanding of the nature of life and
of its continuous development. Technology in the
application of science has made big advances
that have benefited us in nearly every part of
life.
The continuation of such activities in
the twenty-first century will result in even
greater
advantages to human beings: in pure
science ---a wider and deeper knowledge in all
fields of
learning; in applied science--- a
more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and
better
protection of the environment.
Sadly, however, there is another side to the
picture. The creativity of science has been
employed in doing damage to mankind．The
application of science and technology to the
development and production of weapons of mass
destruction has created a real danger to the
continued existence of the human race on this
planet. We have seen this happen in the case of
nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has
so far occurred only in the Second World War,
the number of nuclear weapons that were
produced and made ready for use was so large that
if
the weapons had actually been used, the
result could have been the ruin of the human race,
as
well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said
,
The web of
our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线）, good and ill
together. The above brief review of the
application of only one part of human
activities---
science seems to prove what
Shakespeare said．But does it have to be so? Must
the ill always go
together with the good? Are
we biologically programmed for war?
Which of
the following best shows the structure of the
passage?
（
A
）
5
Step Three: Conclusion
Let
students have a discussion and draw a conclusion
about what they should pay attention to
while
making inferences.
1. 判断有据, 推论有理,
忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。
2.
全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。
3.
善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。
4. 不可直接选取文中的原句。
Give
students some proverbs to encourage them.
Rome
wasn't built in a day. Work harder and practice
more. Your hard-work will be rewarded by
god
one day. God is equal to everyone!
Homework
阅读理解专项练习——推理判断型
6