人民银行考试内容-封斋节

2011中考英语三轮复习--
中考阅读理解如何猜测生词及练习



同学们，你们好！如何搞好最后的复习，哪种方法最适合我们，我想这是每个同学 都在关心的
问题。今天我要谈的是做好中考“阅读理解”的一些方法。

随着 新课程标准的不断实施，重综合运用能力、轻语法已成为中考英语的命题趋势。阅读
是英语学习中听、说 、读、写四种技能之一，阅读理解能力的高低也是衡量一个人英语水平的重要
标志之一。要想做好中考的 阅读理解，首先要知道中考对阅读理解的要求。根据教育部制定的英语
课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级 综合语言运用能力。

阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：

1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；

2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；

3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；

4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；

5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；

6、除教材外，课外阅 读量应累计达到15万词以上(上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上)所谓阅读
能力是指视读能力、理解 能力和对所读材料的评价能力。

阅读理解的能力不是短期内能够培养成的，我们在 最后复习的阶段，主要的是熟悉各种题
型的解题方法。提高解题的正确率，得到理想的分数，下面我根据 具体的实例来分析常见的阅读理
解的解题方法，希望对大家有帮助。

请看下面的阅读材料

Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care about those people who have beautiful
houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money
and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have
cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time. In fact, happiness is always
around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends
will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good
care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say
congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to
correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these
are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always around
you.

Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are
poor, you can also you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought
with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because
you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and
poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋转的)door. When
it does, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky
person.

1. Those who have big houses may often feel ________.

A. happy B. lonely C. free D. excited

2. When you fall down in a PE class, both your teacher and your classmates will ________.

A. laugh at you B. play jokes on you

C. quarrel with you D. help you up



3. What will your friends say to you when you make great progress?

A. Oh, so do I. B. Congratulations.

C. Good luck. D. It’s just so-so.

4. Which idea is NOT RIGHT according to the passage?

A. People who have cars would never like to walk in the open air.

B. You can get help from others when you make mistakes.

C. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money.

D. Happiness is always around you though difficulties come towards you.

5. Which of the following is this passage about?

A. Bad luck. B. Good luck. C. Happiness. D. Life.



透析：

1. B。这是一个考查细节和事实的题目。文章中有明确的叙述：Because those who have big houses
may often feel lonely…. 所问问题和原文的叙述完全一样。

2. D。这也是一个考查细节和事实的题目。在所给文章中可以找到这样地叙述：When you are in
trouble at school, your friends will help you. 根据这一叙述，我们可以判断：当你在体育
课上摔倒时，你的老师和同学们肯定会帮你站起来的。

3. B。这一道阅读理解题同样是考查事实和细节的题目。在阅读文章里我们也能找到关于这问题 的
叙述：when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you.

4. A。这是一道判断题目。阅读文章里明确叙述：those who have cars may want to walk on the
country roads at their free tim e.阅读理解题的A项说，有车的人永远不愿在室外走，与文章
所讲完全不同，因此是不对的。

5. C。这是一道考查文章主题的题目。这篇文章共有三段。 第一段的主题句是：Happiness is for
everyone. 第二段的主题句是：In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart
into it. 第三段的主题句是：Happiness is not the same as money. 三段的主题都是围绕
happiness展开的，所以正确答案是happiness。



阅读理解经常会遇到生词，这些生词怎么解决呢？下面我就介绍一些猜词的技巧：

1.通过因果关系猜词

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然 后才能猜词。有时文章借助
关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus， as a result，of course，therefore等等)表
示前因后果。例如：

You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句
子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义 是责备。

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如
M an has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of
spaces hips.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道p lanets
就可猜出这几个词都属于行星这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词 ，如
but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，
not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely
的意 思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通过构词法猜词

在阅读 文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章
的理解又有着举足 轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀
un-表反义词，如ha ppy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等； 后缀- ment表

名词，如develop、developm ent，state、statement，argue、argument等；后缀-er、-or或-ist
表同源名词；如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、 lawyer，wait、waiter，sci- ence、
scientist，art、artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。

4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义

例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，
or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下 雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即
drought，由此可见drought意思为久旱，旱灾。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种
同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。

5.通过句法功能来推测词义

例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm
areas.假如pinea pples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大
致的意思。 从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属 fruit
类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。

6.通过描述猜词

描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的 外在相貌或内在特征
的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and
walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the
fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

总而言之，阅读理解靠的是扎实的语言基础，扎实的语言基础来自平时严格 的基本功训练和长期的
知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，又掌握了较科学的解题 方法做“阅读理
解”题是不会太难的。今天我就讲到这里。祝大家中考顺利。下面为大家准备几篇阅读理 解，仔细
做过再看分析哦。

When you want to go shopping, decide how much money you can spend for new clothes.
Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale(销
售).

There are labels(标签)inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take
care of your clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater
label may tell you to wash by washing in cold water. The label on a coat may say clean
g may ruin(损坏)this coat. If you do as the directions(说明)say on the label,
you can keep your clothes looking their best. Many clothes today must be dry cleaned. Dry
cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check(核实)to see if they will need to
be dry cleaned. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.



You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes last longer.
They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that cost more money
are not always better made. They do not always fit(合身)better. Sometime less expensive
clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.

you want to save money you can buy clothes that _____.

A. don't fit you B. don't last long

C. need to be dry cleaned D. can be washed

label inside the clothes tell you______.

A. how to keep them looking their best

B. how to save money

C. whether they fit you or not

D. where to get them dry cleaned

first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is ______.

A. to look for well-made clothes

B. to see how much money you can pay

C. to know how to wash them

D. to read the labels inside them

learn from the reading that cheaper clothes ______.

A. are always worse made

B. must be dry cleaned

C. can not be washed

D. can sometimes fit you better

best title(标题) for the reading should be ______.

A. Buying Less Expensive Clothes

B. Taking Enough Money When Shopping

C. Being a Clever Clothes Shopper

D. Choosing the Labels inside New Clothes

分析：

1．此题为理解题，从第二段Dry cleaning is expensive. You will save money if you buy clothes
that can be washed.可以看出C答案不对，又可以从第三段很容易判断出A和B不对。

2．此题为理解题，第二段的第二句话应该被看作主题句。从此句可以看出该题答案选择A。 一
般说来，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句，且多位于段首或段末，有时也会夹在中间。对无
主题 句的篇章，考生应对文章进行分析和归纳，然后概括中心思想。

3．此题为直接题，从文章第一段第一句可以看出答案选B。

4．此题为推理题，文 章中虽然没有直接信息，但从文章第二段及第三段很容易推断出A，B，C答
案都是错误的。又从第三段 最后一句话可以推断出答案选D。

5．此题为概括题，此题考查文章的标题，主要针对文章的 主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主
题句或主题段），要求学生在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心 思想。考生归纳各段的主题句不
难发现此题答案选择C。

最后考生建议以下做阅读理解题基本的解题方法，希望对大家有所帮助。

1. 速读短文。了解短文的主旨大意，辨别文体，掌握结构。

2．看题。了解考查内容，带着问题阅读材料，寻找答案。

3．复读。对所选答案有针对性地寻找支撑论点的关键信息。

4．核查。注意各题的 答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。尽可能从文中根据，确保答案准确无误。