如何利用雅思阅读文章提升雅思写作能力
搞笑测试-妇幼保健工作
如何利用雅思阅读文章提升雅思写作能力
朗阁海外考试研究中心吴玉
近年来，出国留学的学生越来越多，雅思高分也是层出不穷，相对应的考试技巧也是足够吸<
br>引各位考生的重要因素，那么大连朗阁雅思培训中的考试大神及资深教师给大家带来相关的
雅思学
术讨论，具体分析一下雅思考试中的重点、难点及考试技巧应用。
我们经常说阅写不分家，在这句话背后隐藏的一个原理其实是No input, no
output, 没有
输入，就没有输出。很多考生都能很清楚地意识到自己在雅思写作上的问题，无非
就是想不
到论据、素材枯竭、语言平淡、论证不充分等等，但就是找不到改变这些状态的方法。其实，<
br>考生们不必去苦苦搜寻市面上各类雅思写作的参考书籍，因为这不仅仅是一笔经济上的开销，
关键
质量还参差不齐，未必能学到有价值的信息。那么，这个input到底去哪里找呢？笔
者认为，在考生
们天天用于练习的剑桥系列真题中，每个Test中的阅读文章就是一个非常
好的学习资源。这些阅读文
章是native speaker创作的，里面无论是内容，还是观点，还
是语言，都非常有学习价值
，对考生的雅思写作其实是有很大的指导和启发作用的。
接下来，我们选取五篇雅思阅读文
章，来具体分析一下这些阅读文章对考生们的雅思写作到
底有哪些帮助。
文章选取的分别是：
剑4T2P1 Lost for Words
剑5T3P1
Early Childhood Education
剑6T2P1 Advantages of
public transport
剑6T2P2 Greying population
stays in the pink
剑5T1P3 The truth about the
environment
一、素材：
笔者在教学中发现，很大一部分考生非常头
疼的一个问题在于无法做到侃侃而谈，整篇文章
都是表面化的一些论调，没有实质性的论据。其实这是没
有输入input的最明显表现。雅
思考试的话题覆盖面还是非常广的，但考生由于年龄
、生活圈子、学习广度和深度等多方面
的影响，无法对很多话题有很深入的见解，造成文章内容看起来很
干，表面上看上去还是在
谈论该话题的，实则根本没有有用的论证和信息传递。
关
于这一点，很多考生都很无奈。考生固定思维认为对于这些话题的陌生是特别正常的，因
为之前根本没有
去思考这些问题，表现出来的状态是要么被动学习、要么直接放弃。所以，
素材积累的多少是写作能否顺
利进行的第一步。那么，除了依赖写作老师，考生们现在还可
以依赖的就是你的剑桥系列阅读文章。当然
，考生需要对雅思写作考查的话题范围非常清楚，
这样才能筛选出哪些阅读文章对自己的写作是有帮助的
，换句话说，哪些阅读文章里的内容
我是可以借鉴、并用在自己的文章里的。
下面
，我们一起来看一下从以上几篇雅思阅读文章中摘录下来的、可以在文章中作为论据来
使用的一些内容。
当然，在此要提醒考生的是，我们不需要去背，只要了解并熟悉即可，把
自己的知识面打开，知识库拓宽
，考试过程中仍然是可以传递这些信息的。
剑4T2P1 --Lost for
Words
这篇文章谈论的话题是Many minority languages are on
the danger list,
分析了此现
象的原因，并提到了一些改变这一问题可以采用的方法。
关于此现象的原因Reasons, 大家可以学习以下几条：
1. In the
Native American Navajo nation, which sprawls
across four states in the
American south-west,
the native language is dying. Most of its speakers
are
middle-aged or elderly. Although many
students take classes in Navajo, the
schools
are run in English. Street signs, supermarket
goods and even their own
newspaper are all in
English.
2. Half of the world‟s 6800
languages are likely to vanish within two
generations
– that‟s one language lost every
ten days.
3. Isolation breeds linguistic
diversity: as a result, the world is peppered with
languages spoken by only a few people.
4. What makes a language endangered is
not just the number of speakers, but
how old
they are. If it is spoken by children it is
relatively safe. The critically
endangered
languages are those that are only spoken by the
elderly.
5. Why do people reject the
language of their parents? It begins with a crisis
of
confidence, when a small community finds
itself alongside a larger, wealthier
society,
people lose faith in their culture. When the nest
generation reaches
their teens, they might not
want to be included into the old traditions.
6. Quite often, governments try to kill off a
minority language by banning its use
in public
or discouraging its use in schools, all to promote
national unity.
7. But SalikokoMufwene,
who chairs the Linguistics department at the
University of Chicago, argues that the
deadliest weapon is not government
policy but
economic globalization. Native Americans have not
lost pride in their
language, but they have
had to adapt to socio-economic pressures. They
cannot
refuse to speak English if most
commercial activity is in English.
8.
Language is also intimately bound up with culture,
so it may be difficult to
preserve one without
the other. If a person shifts from Navajo to
English, they
lose something. Moreover, the
loss of diversity may also deprive us of different
ways of looking at the world.
关于此现象的解决方案Possible Solutions, 大家可以参考以下几条：
1. The key to fostering diversity is for
people to learn their ancestral tongue, as
well as the dominant language.
2.
Most of these languages will not survive without a
large degree of
bilingualism. In New
Zealand, classes for children have slowed the
erosion of
Maori and rekindled interest in the
language.
3. Preservation can bring a
language back from the dead. There are examples of
languages that have survived in written form
and then been revived by later
generations.
剑5T3P1 -- Early Childhood Education
这
篇文章谈论的是儿童的早期教育问题，也是当下非常热点的一个话题。具体来看，该文章
强调了儿童早期
教育的重要性、经历过的失败、原因、以及最新的发现。
关于儿童早期教育的重要性，以下几点事实都能强有力地证明：
1. A 13-year
study of early childhood development at Harvard
University has
shown that, by the age of
three, most children have the potential to
understand
about 1000 words – most of the
language they will use in ordinary conversation
for the rest of their lives.
2.
Furthermore, research has shown that while every
child is born with a natural
curiosity, it can
be suppressed dramatically during the second and
third years of
life.
3. Researchers
claim that the human personality is formed during
the first two
years of life, and during the
first three years children learn the basic skills
they
will use in all their later learning both
at home and at school.
4. By the age of
three, the children in the programme were
significantly more
advanced in language
development than their peers, had made greater
strides
in problem solving and other
intellectual skills, and were further along in
social
development.
5. The
average child on the programme was performing at
the level of the top 15
to 20 per cent of
their peers in such things as auditory
comprehension, verbal
ability and language
ability.
6. Many children who entered it
at the age of three were already behind their
peers in language and measurable intelligence.
关于家长在儿童早期教育中的作用，可以参见以下的说明：
1. Despite
substantial funding, results have been
disappointing. It is thought
that there are
two explanations for this. First,… . Second, the
parents were not
involved.
2. As a
result of the growing research evidence of the
importance of the first
three years of a
child‟s life and the disappointing results from
„Headstart‟, a pilot
program was launched in
Missouri in the US that focused on parents as the
child‟s first teachers.
3. The
program was predicted on research showing that
working with the family,
rather than bypassing
the parents, is the most effective way of helping
children
get off to the best possible start in
life.
剑6T2P1 -- Advantages of public
transport
这篇文章谈到的是公共交通的好处，那么非常明显，我们可以从中获取到的信息就
是雅思写
作中关于解决交通拥挤、建立完善的公共交通体系的原因。
1. A
new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch
University‟s Institute
for Science and
Technology Policy has demonstrated that public
transport is
more efficient than cars.
2. Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director,
pointed out that these more efficient
cities were able to put the difference
into attracting industry and jobs or creating
a better place to live.
3. Train and
cars initially allowed people to live at greater
distances without
taking longer to reach their
destination. However, public infrastructure did
not
keep pace with urban sprawl, causing
massive congestion problems which now
make
commuting times far higher.
4. In cities
that developed later, the World Bank and Asian
Development Bank
discouraged the building of
public transport and people have been forced to
rely
on cars – creating the massive traffic
jams that characterize those cities.
5.
The auto-dependent city model is inefficient and
grossly inadequate in
economic as well as
environmental terms.
6. In Stockholm, car
use has actually fallen in recent years as the
city has
become larger and wealthier.
7. The population and job density of cities
rose or remained constant in the
1980s after
decades of decline. The explanation for this seems
to be that it is
valuable to place people
working in related fields together. The new world
will
largely depend on human creativity, and
creativity flourishes where people
come
together face-to-face.
剑6T2P2 -- Greying
population stays in the pink
老年人话题也是雅思写作常考的话题，
我们在雅思写作中通常写到的理念是老年人是弱势群
体，需要各方的关注和帮助，然而这篇文章给了我们
完全不同的一种看法，Greying
population stays in the
pink, 我们的老年人目前好着呢！
以下是可以证明老年人相当健康或者说越来越健康的一些事实依据：
1.
The results of a 14-year study to be announced
later this month reveal that
the diseases
associated with old age afflicting fewer and fewer
people and when
they do strike, it is much
later in life.
2. Researchers, now
analyzing the results of data gathered in 1994,
say arthritis,
high blood pressure and
circulation problems – the major medical
complaints in
the age group – are troubling a
smaller proportion every year.
3. The
data confirms that the rate at which these
diseases are declining
continues to
accelerate. Other diseases of old age – dementia,
stroke,
arteriosclerosis and emphysema – are
also troubling fewer and fewer people.
即便
老年人的状态和多年前相比好了很多，我们仍然需要关注到的是这一现象背后的原因。
以下两点就是我们
考生可以写在作文中的老年人越来越健康的原因在哪里：
1. Clearly, certain
diseases are beating a retreat in the face of
medical advances.
2. But there may be
other contributing factors. Improvements in
childhood
nutrition in the first quarter of
the twentieth century, for example, gave today‟s
elderly people a better start in life than
their predecessors.
在这篇阅读文章中，也相当赞地提出了一些如何
让老年人保持健康状态的方法，考生们可
以学习：
1. The increasing
self-reliance of many elderly people is probably
linked to a
massive increase in the use of
simple home medical aids. For instance, the use
of raised toilet seats has more than doubled
since the start of the study, and the
use of
bath seats has grown by more than 50%. The group
found that those
elderly people who were able
to retain a sense of independence were more likely
to stay healthy in old age.
2.
Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may
help mental functioning,
says Carl
Cotman, a neuroscientist at the University of
California at Irvine.
Cotman believes this
hormone, which keeps neurons functioning, may
prevent
the brains of active humans from
deteriorating.
3. A social epidemiologist
at the University of Southern California in Los
Angeles,
found a connection between self-
esteem and stress in people over 70. In
laboratory simulations of challenging
activities such as driving, those who felt in
control of their lives pumped out lower level
of stress hormones such as cortisol.
Chronically high levels of these hormones have
been linked to heart disease.
4. Seeman
found that elderly people who felt emotionally
isolated maintained
higher levels of stress
hormones even when asleep.
剑5T1P3 -- The
truth about the environment
环境问题一直是雅思考试各个科目都很爱
考查的话题，剑5的这篇文章帮助大家剖析了环
境的一些真相。我们发现，其实环境并没有我们想象的那
么糟糕。同时，作者也分析了为何
大家会误解环境问题的几点原因。
The
truth about the environment – environmental
pollution
1. For many environmentalists, the
world seems to be getting worse. They have
developed a hit-list of our main fears: that
natural resources are running out;
that the
population is ever growing, leaving less and less
to eat; that species are
becoming extinct in
vast numbers, and that the planet‟s air and water
are
becoming ever more polluted.
The
truth about the environment – the disjunction
between perception and
reality
1.
Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many
problems.
2. Environmental groups need to
be noticed by the mass media. They also need
to keep the money rolling in.
3. A third source of confusion is the attitude
of the media. People are clearly
more curious
about bad news than good. Newspapers and
broadcasters are
there to provide what the
public wants.
4. The fourth factor is
poor individual perception. People worry that the
endless
rise in the amount of stuff everyone
throws away will cause the world to run out
of
places to dispose of wastes.
从以上的分析，我们可以有几点启发：
1. 我们曾经固化持有的观点，其实和实际情况是有
偏差的，所以考生们在写作时，可以持
有看似“另类”的观点，但关键是要有十足的理由去说服考官。
2. 大家在学习这些素材或者说论据时，一定要注意不是去背诵或者记忆，而是去了解这些
信息，大脑中获取了这些信息，转化到作文中其实是不难的。
二、论证方法之引证
笔者在阅读这些文章时，发现引用一些名人、学者、教授以及一些组织的言论或者研究结果
来行
文是这些阅读文章的一大特色。那么，考生是否记得我们雅思写作中有一种论证方法叫
引证，引用权威的
言论来帮助自己论证自己的观点也是非常好用的一种论证手法。
笔者整理了这几篇阅读文章
中收集到的一些引证的内容，大家需要学习的是加粗部分的语言
表达。
1. Only
250 languages have more than a million speakers,
and at least 3000
have fewer than 2500.（用数据说话）
2. A 13-year study of early childhood
development at Harvard
University has shown
that, by the age of three, most children have the
potential to understand about 1000
words – most of the language they will use
in
ordinary conversation for the rest of their lives.
3. Furthermore, research has shown that
while every child is born with a
natural
curiosity, it can be suppressed dramatically
during the second and third
years of life.
4. Researchers claim that the human
personality is formed during the first
two
years of life, and during the first three years
children learn the basic skills
they will use
in all their later learning both at home and at
school.
5. There is growing evidence in
New Zealand that children from poorer
socio-
economic backgrounds are arriving at school less
well developed and that
our school system
tends to perpetuate that disadvantage.
6.
A new study conducted for the World Bank by
Murdoch University’s
Institute for Science and
Technology Policy has demonstrated that
public
transport is more efficient than cars.
ing to Professor Newman, the larger Australian
city of Melbourne is
a rather unusual city in
this sort of comparison.
8. A new study
makes this point even more starkly.
9.
The results of a 14-year study to be announced
later this month
reveal that the diseases
associated with old age afflicting fewer and fewer
people and when they do strike, it is much
later in life.
10. In the last 14 years,
the National Long-term Health Care Survey has
gathered data on the health and lifestyles
more than 20,000 men and women
over 65.
11. Researchers, now analyzing the
results of data gathered in 1994,
say
arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation
problems – the major medical
complaints in the
age group – are troubling a smaller proportion
every year.
12. The data confirms that
the rate at which these diseases are declining
continues to accelerate.
三、语言
谈完了内容，我们来谈谈语言。其实在这些native speaker写的文章中，我们可以悟出他
们喜欢用什么样的词句、他们经常用的句型是什么样的。以下简单列出几类考生没有意识去
用或
者不太会用的几种表达，大家可以在文章中多多使用。
1. 副词开头
1).
Not surprisingly, linguists doubt that any native
speakers of Navajo will
remain in a hundred
years‟ time.
2). Unquestionably, that‟s a
real need; but since parents don‟t normally send
children to pre-schools until the age of
three, are we missing out on the most
important years of all?
3). Clearly,
certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face
of medical
advances.
2. 倒装句
Never
before has the planet‟s linguistic diversity
shrunk at such a pace.
3. 强调句
It isnot necessarily these small
languages that are about to disappear.
4.
插入语
1). The former US policy of running Indian
reservation schools in English, for
example,
effectively put languages such as Navajo on the
danger list.
2). But SalikokoMufwene, who
chairs the Linguistics department at the
University of Chicago, argues that the
deadliest weapon is not government
policy but
economic globalization.
3). Newman,
however, believes the study demonstrates that the
auto-dependent city mode is inefficient and
grossly inadequate in economic as
well as
environmental terms.
4). That, however,
can lead to significant distortions of perception.
5). Improvements in childhood nutrition
in the first quarter of the twentieth
century,
for example, gave today‟s elderly people a better
start in life than
their predecessors.
5. 主语从句
1). It is generally acknowledged
that young people from poorer
socio-economic
backgrounds tend to do less will in our education
system.
2).It is thought that there are
two explanations for this.
3). It was
once assumed that improvements in
telecommunications would
lead to more
dispersal in the population as people were no
longer forced into
cities.
6.
介宾结构的宾语从句
1). The explosion in demand for
accommodation in the inner suburbs of
Melbourne suggests a recent change in many
people‟s preference as to where
they live.
2). Newman believes one of the best
studies on how cities built for cars
might be
converted to rail use is The Urban Village report,
which used
Melbourne as an example.
7. 同位语从句
There is a widespread belief that
increasing wealth encourages people to
live
farther out where cars are the only viable
transport.
8. 并列成分
并列成分是拉长句子的一个好方法，大家
在写作中可以使用并列名词、并列形容词、并列动
词短语、甚至并列从句。
1).
This included both the public and private costs of
building, maintaining
and using a transport
system.
2). Elderly people are growing
healthier, happier and more independent.
3). Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director,
pointed out that these more efficient
cities
were able to put the difference into attracting
industry and jobs or
creating a better place
to live.
4). They have developed a hit-
list of our main fears: that natural resources
are running out; that the population is ever
growing, leaving less and less
to eat; that
species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and
that the
planet’s air and water are becoming
ever more polluted.
9.
Withwithout结构
1). The study found that the
Western Australian city of Perth is a good example
of a city with minimal public transport.
2). In the UK, travel times to work had been
stable for at least six centuries,
with people
avoiding situations that required them to spend
more than
half an hour travelling to work.
3). Train and cars initially allowed
people to live at greater distances without
taking longer to reach their destination.
以上的语言表达难度都不大，但却是在native speaker眼中地道、在考生心中想不到去用
的一些表达。大家在阅读文章中有意识地去关注这些表达，看多了类似的表达方式，还是能
在考
试中游刃有余地使用起来的。
四、总结
本文只是挑选了一部分雅思阅读文章以及
文章中一部分好的素材和语言，考生们在平时长期
的备考过程中，完全可以花时间去研读这些文章，为自
己的雅思写作积累最地道、最优质的
input。