分数的简单计算-杨绛简介

Teaching design for “How to write a summary”
1. Knowledge objective:
Have a general idea about summary writing.
2. Ability objectives:
(1) Learn to find key words, key sentences and key points.
(2) Put useful information together logically.
3. Teaching approaches:
Motivations Information processing Cooperative learning.
4. Teaching procedures:
Teaching and
Ways of
learning Activities Aims
learning
strategies
Brainstorming
Input
Leading in &
Presentation
Interaction
and
self-learning
Gaining useful
information
from the
passage
Guidance
Interactive
activities
Intake
Getting to the
steps of

writing a
Cooperative
summary
learning
Summarizing
reading
Getting
information
Writing a
summary
Form filling
Self and
cooperative
learning
Processing
knowledge
Help the
students to
command the
ways
Output
Applying
knowledge
Knowing the
performance of
the class
Tips on writing
a summary
Evaluation

Homework:
Required: Try to write a summary of one of the texts we have learned.
Optional: Sum up the ways of writing a summary.
Step1 Brainstorming
What is a summary? A summary is a fairly brief restatement, in your own
words, of the main contents.
How to make a summary
Identify the structure;
Find key words;
Find key sentences;
Find the key ideas;
And any ways suggested by the students.

Step2 Leading in
Let’s share opinions on summary writing:
1. May we mainly use the sentences in the original passage?
2. May we mainly use our own words?
3. May we write it in the first person or the third person?
Step3 Presentation
Example 1 （2008年广东高考读写任务）
Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part
on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where
my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I
need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the
things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was
really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.
Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love
it—good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The student’s Union
organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often
spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.
One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance
team in college and met a ton of people that way—it was so much easier to make
friends when you had a common ground.
One possible version
The first year of college life was _______ for _______ because he _______________________, which
was quite_______from his high school life. However, he soon
________________________and______________ ____________and thus _________________ there.
Transitional words and phrases: because, which, however, and, thus
At first: the first year of college life toughest partneed to know some basic life skills
Then: first semestergot used to the college life
At last: get himself active in thingsenjoyed himself
I think the above includes: when, who, where, cause, process, and outcome, the six
elements of a narrative piece.
Now let’s come to another piece!
Example 2
Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times. Many
years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be
energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.
In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest
and people are usually in the best conditions. 1Many of us may have the
experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the
morning than any other time of the day. 2If we do some morning exercise or only
take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much
healthier. 3Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our
work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will
probably have to do everything in a great hurry.
Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we

stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.
Key points: Main idea: __________________________________________
Supporting ideas: 1. 2. 3.
Conclusion:
Let’s have a try!
The passage says
The elements of an opinion piece
An opinion piece is one kind of persuasive writing. It is an essay in which the writer
expresses an opinion and then explains or defends it.
1. A strong statement of opinion. (the key idea)
Often appears in a single sentence close to the beginning.
2. Support for the opinion. (supporting sentences)
Use facts, general observations, predictions and appeals to the readers’ interests etc.
3. Conclusion.
Key idea: Getting up early a good habit of great importance to us all
Supporting sentences:
1. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more
quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day.------ a better
memory
2. If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can
build our bodies and become much healthier.------- a healthier body
3. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study
of the day if we get up early.---------a better preparation a the day
Conclusion: If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot
from it.
One possible version:
The passage says getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will
benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better
preparation for the day.
Step4 Summarizing
Step5 Reading, getting information, and writing a summary
Tips for writing a summary
1. Read the passage for overall content and identify the structure.
2. Reread carefully, highlighting the key words, phrases, and sentences.
3. Do not use your own opinion, but be sure to use your own words.
4. In your final draft, insert transitional words and phrases where necessary. Combine
sentences for a smooth, logical flow of ideas.
Let’s try it again!
Passage 1（2008年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二））
Announcement
The school board wishes to announce our plans to develop the Southern China
International School. In order to build a new computer center, expand the sporting

fields and create enough classrooms for 500 additional students, it has been decided
that the school library building must be torn down.
This decision has not been an easy one as the library is the oldest and most
beautiful building in the school. For many people the library building is a symbol of
the long and proud of our school, the place where students were first taught and where
all the important school records are stored. It is also one of the few remaining
examples of Qing Dynasty building design in the city.
However in order to modernize the school to the standard required by the
government and to satisfy the educational demands of parents, students and
teachers, we believe there is no other choice. The destruction of the library will not
only free up more space needed for the new buildings but it will also allow us to
save much money that we currently must spend to repair the library building.
We trust our decision will have the full support of the school community.
________ __________________________________________________ ___________
One possible version:
Our school recently announced it is planning to tear down the old library building.
They say although the building is historic and important, its removal is necessary for
the modernization of the school.
Passage 2（惠州市2008届高三第二次调研考试英语试题）
I am Hilary, a girl who plays the piano, I can still remember on May I took
part in my school’s big talent showcase.
Though I was eager to show off my stuff, I had a feeling that I was going to
mess up. I tried going over my music in my mind. Still I just knew I would mess up.
When it’s my turn to perform, I walked to the piano as calmly as possible, sat down,
took a deep breath and played the first part. Then I forgot the next note. I froze.
With determination, I played the beginning again, and froze again. I kept
playing the beginning again and again, and messing up. About the fourth time around,
the announcer told me to move on to my next song. The crowd in the audience was
cheering for me, but I just kept messing up! But I knew the song! Why not keep trying?
I was determined to get right!
I concentrated, positioned my fingers on the keys and ready to start again. Then I
heard my mom’s scream of encouragement. That scream got me going! I tried again.
Guess what? I finally completed my song! It felt great to finish that song. I went on to
the next one and completed it perfectly. ________________________________________________ _____________________
One possible version:
When taking part in a showcase, Hilary messed up because of nervousness.
But with the determination of herself and encouragement from her mother, she
didn’t give up and eventually completed it perfectly.
Homework
Required: Choose one of the texts you have learnt and write a summary about it.
Optional: Sum up the ways of writing a summary.
What makes a good summary?

1. A fairly brief restatement, in your own words, of the main contents.
2. A simple report back what the writer has said, no comments needed.
3. Proper use of words and accurate sentence building.

Step6 Form filling
Today we’ve learned how to make a summary and know what a good summary
is. I would like to know your performance in class. Please fill in the self
assessment in class learning and hand it in after class.
Self assessment in class learning
Name:___________ No.__________ Date:_____________

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Statements
I know what a summary is.
I know how to find the topic sentence.
I know how to grasp the main points.
I know some skills of writing a summary.
I can write a smooth summary now.
Good So so poor
















General comment:______________
Step7 Homework
Required: Choose one of the texts you have learnt and write a summary about it.
Optional: Sum up the ways of writing a summary.