围城读后感2000字-一年级美术上册教案

PART V READING COMPREHENSION 【25 MIN】
In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements，each
with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D．Choose the one that you think is the best
answer．Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two．

TEXT A
Saying“thank you”is probably the first thing most of us learn to do in a foreign
language．After all，we’re brought up to be polite，and it is important to make a good impression
upon other people—especially across national divides．
译文： 对我们大多数人来说，学说“谢谢”可能是在学外语的过程中首先学会的事情。
毕竟，我们从小受到的教 育就是要有礼貌，而且给别人留下一个好印象很重要——尤其是在
跨国交际中。
1、divide：vt. 划分；除；分开；使产生分歧 vi. 分开；意见分歧
n. [地理] 分水岭，分水线

So, what exactly are you supposed to say when
to express gratitude? According to a recent survey,19 other ways of expressing appreciation
finished ahead of ．
译文：“thank you”在最受欢迎的表达感谢的方式中只排第20位，那么，你该究竟如何表达感谢呢?最近一项有3000人参与的民意调查显示，有19种比“thank you”更受欢迎的
表达感谢的方式。

Pollsters found almost half of those asked preferred the more informal“cheers”，while others
liked to use such expressions as“ta”,“great“nice one”．
译文：民 意调查人员发现，将近一半的受访者更喜欢用非正式的“cheers”，而另一些
人喜欢用“ta”“ great”和“nice one”这样的表达。

So，just what is the appropriate form of words to express your thanks?
Fortunately, the clue is in the language itself．“Cheers”，despite its popularity，is considered
an informal way to say thank you—and this is a definite clue as to when you can best use it．
译文：那么，什么才是你表达谢意的合适字眼呢？
幸 运的是，我们可以从语言中找到线索。“cheers”虽然很流行，但却被认为是一种不
正式的表达谢 意的方式——这为你何时可以恰当使用它提供了明确的线索。
2、definite：adj. 一定的；确切的


For instance，when going for a drink with friends，a smile and a“cheers”by way of thanks is
not only appropriate to the situation，it is also culturally accurate．
译文：比 如，当你和朋友们去喝酒时，用一个微笑加上一个“cheers”作为感谢，不仅
场合合适，从文化的 角度来看也是恰当的。

“Ta”，originated from the Danish word“tak”, was the second-most popular expression of
thanks，and is also commonly used in informal situations，along with phrases such as“nice one”，
and“brilliant”．Interestingly, one word that didn’t make it into the top 20 was“thanks”．Thank your

shorter, more informal cousin．
译文：“ta”起源于丹麦语“tak”,在最受欢迎的表达谢意的方式中排名第二，与短语“nice
one”和“brilliant”等一起广泛用于非正式场合。有趣的是，“thank you”的简短语、较不
正式的“堂兄”“thanks”也没能排进前二十名。

“Thanks”can be useful，as it is able to bridge the divide between the formality of “thank
you“cheers”．
译文：“thanks”很有用，因为它介于比较正式的“thank you”与直率轻松的“cheers”
之间。
3、downright：adj. 明白的；直率的；显明的 adv. 完全，彻底；全然


Certain words can double as an expression of thanks as well as delight．Again，the words
themselves offer the clue as to when best to use them．
译文 ：某些词既可表达谢意，也可以表示高兴。而且，这些词本身就为我们提供了何时
可以恰当使用它们的线 索。

For example，words like“awesome”，“brilliant“you star
poll and they can hint at both your pleasure at someone's action，as well as serving to express your
thanks．If you are on the receiving end of a“new”thank you，you can respond with a simple“no
problem”, or“sure”．
译文：比如，像“awesome”、“brilliant”和“you star”这些在最近的民 意调查中出现
频率很高的词，不仅可以表达你的感激之情，也可以表示你对他人的行为很满意。当你是“ 新
型谢谢”的接受者时，可以用简单的“no problem”或者“sure”来回应。

Of course，in certain circumstances，a simple wave，nod or smile may be appropriate．For
instance，if a car driver slows down to let you cross the road，simply raising your hand in
acknowledgement is enough to show that you appreciate the driver's consideration．
译文：当然，在 某些情况下，一个简单的挥手、点头或是微笑就能很恰当地表达你的谢
意。比如，如果汽车司机减速让你 过马路，简单地抬手示意就足够表示你对其关照的感激之
情。

Sometimes，formality is necessary, and“thank you”is still the best choice in such situations．
But students should not worry about when exactly to use certain expressions．
译文：有时候，道谢又必须很正式，这时“thank you”仍是这些场合中的最佳选择。但
是学生们不必担心究竟什么时候使用哪些表达方式。

Many people in Western countries are worried that good manners are in decline．People are
tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass without comment．So don’t think that your
“thank you”was clumsy or awkwardly formal．The chances are，if you said “thank you”，you
made someone’s star．
译文：很多西方国家的人担心礼貌渐渐消失。 人们讨厌自己的善行或好意得不到他人的
任何反馈。所以不必担心说“thank you“显得笨拙或者过于正式。如果说了“thank you”，
你十有八九会让别人非常高兴。你很棒！

81．We can tell from the results of the poll that
A．people are unconcerned about politeness nowadays．
B．“thank you”remains the best expression of gratitude．
C．there is a variety of expressions of appreciation．
D．there are more formal expressions than informal ones．
82．Which wordphrase does NOT appear in the top 20?
A．Cheers． B．Thanks． C．Brilliant． D．You star．
83．According to the passage．which is an appropriate response to“awesome”or“brilliant”?
A．Thanks． B．Cheers． C．Nice one． D．Sure．
84．According to the passage，the way in which we express our gratitude depends on all the
following EXCEPT
A．gender． B．formality． C．culture． D．circumstance．
85．In the last paragraph the author encourages people to
A．continue their acts of kindness．
B．behave themselves well．
C．show their gratitude to others．
D．stop worrying about bad manners．




TEXT B
From 2007 to 2010，American households lost $$l1 trillion in real estate，savings, and stocks
More than half of all U．S．workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay
during the recession．The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few
years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives—how they live，work，and spend—even the
way they think about the future．
译文：从2007年到2010年，美国家庭在房 地产、储蓄和股票中损失了11万亿美元。
在这一经济萧条时期，超过一半的美国工人要么丢了工作，要 么被迫同意削减工时或工资。
现在，最糟糕的可能已经过去了，但过去几年里令人震惊的损失几乎重塑了 他们生活的方方
面面——他们的生活，工作和消费方式甚至他们对未来的看法。
4、trillion: n. [数] 万 adj. 万亿的 num. [数] 万亿

For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander,
Wisconsin．by his company forcing the family to move in a hurry．The couple bought a new house
but were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake，Minnesota．With two mortgages(抵
押借款) and two young children to care for, Cindy couldn't imagine how to stretch her husband's
paycheck to keep her family fed．
译文：对辛迪来说，经济衰退是从丈夫被公司调制 威斯康辛州的莱茵兰德，他们被迫
匆忙搬家开始的。这对夫妇买了一座新房子，但是他们却无法卖掉位于 明尼苏达州比格莱克
的两居室。背负着偿还两个抵押贷款和照顾两个孩子的重任，辛迪无法想象单靠丈夫 的收入
怎么养活这一家人。
5、relocate：vt. 重新安置；迁移 vi. 重新安置；迁移新址 n. 浮动

Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical，a forum for gardeners，many
with an interest in sustainability．“The more I read and discussed these practices，the more I
realized this would help not only our budget but also our health，”she says．
译文：后来她无意中发现了一个叫做Blotannical的 网上社区，这是一个园艺爱好者论
坛，其中有许多人对可持续发展感兴趣。“这些做法我读得越多，讨论 得越多，就越深刻地
认识到它不仅能帮助我们节省开支，也有益于我们的健康。”辛迪说。
6、stumble：n. 绊倒；蹒跚而行 vi. 踌躇，蹒跚；失足；犯错 vt. 使…困惑；使…
绊倒
7、sustainability：n. 持续性；永续性；能维持性

Cindy admits that before the recession，she was a city girl with no interest in growing her
own dinner．“I grew flowers mostly—I didn’t think about plants that weren’t visually interesting.
But to stretch her budget，she began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry
beds to apple trees—and as her first seedlings grew，her spirits lifted．She no longer thinks of
gardening and making her own jams as just a money saver；they’re a genuine pleasure．“It’s
brought us closer together as a family, too，”she says．Her kids voluntarily pitch in with(主动帮
助)the garden work，and the family cooks together instead of eating out．The food tastes better —
it's fresher and organic —and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose：cost cutting．Now
she spends about $$200 to $$300 a month on groceries．less than half of the $$650 a month that she
used to lay out．
译文：辛迪承认，在经济衰退之前，她是一个都 市女孩，对种菜吃从来不感兴趣。“我
通常只种花——我从来不考虑没有观赏价值的植物。”但是，为了 节省开支，她开始种一些
蔬菜和水果——从草莓地到苹果树无所不有——随着她的第一批幼苗开始成长， 她的精神也
随之高涨起来。她不再把种植蔬菜和水果以及自己动手做果酱看成是一种省钱的手段；这些< br>都带给她实实在在的快乐。“这也让家庭成员之间更加亲密，”她说。孩子们会主动帮忙在种
菜， 而且全家人会一起做饭吃而不是到外面吃。食物吃起来味道也更好——它们更新鲜而且
是有机的，并且菜 园轻易地实现了建它的初期目标：减少花费。现在，辛迪每个月购买食品
的费用只有200到300美元 ，甚至少于之前她每个月650美元花销的一半。
8、seedling：n. 秧苗，幼苗；树苗
9、lay out：展示；安排；花钱；为…划样；提议

After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times，Cindy is no longer easily
discouraged．“It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself,”she says．“I feel
accomplished，and I'm more confident about attempting things I've never done before．
avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit，quilt，and make her own soap．
think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren’t for the recession，”she says．“I have a
feeling that from now on，it will affect my family’s health and happiness for the better．
译文：当她发现自己在艰难时期是如此随机应变时，辛迪不再轻易泄气。“这是 我自己
做的，能这样说是我感到非常骄傲，”她说。“我很有成就感，也更有信心去尝试我以前从来没有做过的事了。”现在她尽管不去便利商店，并开始学习织毛衣、缝制被子，甚至自己制
作肥皂。 “要不是这次经济衰退，我想我肯定不会走上这样的道路，”她说。“我有一种感觉，
从现在开始，这样 会使我的家人更加健康和幸福。”
10、quilt：n. 被子；棉被 vt. 东拼西凑地编；加软衬料后缝制 vi. 缝被子

86．We learn from the first paragraph that the recession
A．affected Americans in certain occupations．
B．had great impact on Americans’work and life．
C．had only brought huge losses in savings and stocks．
D．is over with some of the losses recovered.
87．What made the family's financial situation even worse was that they
A．moved to Rhinelander in a hurry．
B．had two children to raise．
C．didn't know anyone in Rhinelander．
D．couldn't sell their home in Big Lake．
88．Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A．Cindy had seen the benefits of gardening in a different way．
B．Cindy had developed a hobby of gardening before the recession．
C．Cindy had already had a keen interest in sustainability．
D．Cindy had already planned to meet the gardeners．
89．In addition, Cindy views gardening as a genuine pleasure because gardening
A．helped her cut living costs almost by half．
B．enabled her to make her own jams．
C．built up family ties and kids’enthusiasm．
D．enabled her to know more about plants．
90．What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has gone through?
A．It gave the couple and their kids a tough lesson．
B．It gave her confidence and optimism．
C．It would come again and affect the family．
D．It left a lasting psychological impact on the family．


TEXT C
“I'm a little worried about my future，”said Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate．He should be
so lucky．All he had to worry about was whether to have an affair with Mrs. Robinson．In the
sixties，that was the sum total of post-graduation anxiety syndrome．
译文：“我有点担心 我的未来，”达斯汀·霍夫曼在电影《毕业生》中说。他应该是非
常幸运的。因为他担心的只不过是要不 要和鲁滨逊太太闹绯闻。在60年代，那就是毕业后
焦虑综合症的全部。

Hoffman's modern counterparts are not so fortunate．The Mrs. Robinsons aren't sitting
around at home any more，seducing graduates．They are out in the workplace，doing the
high-powered jobs the graduates want，but cannot get．For those fresh out of university, desperate
for work but unable to get it，there is a big imbalance between supply and demand．And there is no
narrowing of the gap in sight．
译文：和霍夫曼一样的现代毕业生就没有那么幸运了。鲁滨逊太太那样的有妇之夫不
再闲在家里引诱毕 业生了。她们都出去工作了，而且拥有毕业生可望而不可即的高层职位。
对那些刚走出校门、渴望工作却 找不到工作的毕业生来说，供求之间存在着很严重的不平衡。

而且这样的差距目前没有缩小的趋势。
11、counterpart：n. 副本；配对物；极相似的人或物

The latest unemployment figures show that 746,000 of 18-24 year-olds are unemployed— a
record rate of 18 per cent．Many of those will have graduated this summer．They are not panicking
yet，but as the job rejections mount up，they are beginning to feel alarmed．
译文：最新的失业数据显示，18-24岁的失业人数有746000，失业率创最高纪录——18％。
他们当中的很多人会在今年夏天毕业。他们还没有感到恐慌，但随着找工作碰壁几率的增大，
他们开始警 觉了。
Of course，it is easy to blame the Government and，in particular, the target that Labour has
long trumpeted---50 per cent of school-leavers in higher education．That was not too smart．The
Government has not only failed to meet its target—the actual figure is still closer to 40 per cent—
but it has raised expectations to unrealistic levels．
译文：当然，指 责政府很容易，特别是共党政府一直鼓吹的目标——接受过高等教育的
毕业生有50％找得到工作。这样 做确实不太明智。实际数字仍然只接近40％，政府不但没
有达到预期目标，而且导致人们期望过高，达 到了不切实际的程度。
12、trumpet：n. 喇叭；喇叭声 vt. 吹喇叭；吹嘘 vi. 吹喇叭；发出喇叭般的声音

Parents feel as badly let down as the young people themselves．Middle-class families see
their graduate offspring on the dole(救济金)queue and wonder why they bothered paying school
fees．Working-class families feel an even keener sense of disappointment．For many such families，
getting a child into university was the fulfillment of a lifelong dream．It represented upward social
and financial mobility．It was proof that they were living in a dynamic，economically successful
country．That dream does not seem so rosy now．
译文；父母和年轻人一样深感 失望。中产阶层的家庭目睹毕业的子女排队去领救济金，
不禁后悔自己当初何苦要花钱送孩子上学。工薪 阶层的家庭则更加失望。对很多这样的家庭
来说，送一个孩子上大学就等于实现了他们毕生的梦想。这代 表着社会和经济地位的提升，
也是他们所处的国家富有活力、经济腾飞的证明。然而这样的梦想在现在看 来没有那么美好
了。
13、offspring：n. 后代，子孙；产物
14、rosy：adj. 蔷薇色的，玫瑰红色的；美好的；乐观的；涨红脸的 n. (Rosy)人名；
(罗、意、瑞、典)罗茜(女名)，罗西；(英)罗茜

Graduate unemployment is not，ultimately, a political problem ready to be solved．Job-creation
schemes for graduates are very low down in ministerial in-trays．If David Cameron's
Conservatives had a brilliant idea for guaranteeing every graduate a well-paid job，they would
have unveiled it by now．It is a social problem，though a more deep-seated social problem than
people perhaps realize．
译文：毕业生失业问题，从根 本上看，不是一个很快可以解决的政治问题。内阁公文
中为毕业生创造就业机会的方案很少。如果戴维· 卡梅伦的保守党有一个绝妙的主意能保证
每一个毕业生获得一份待遇优厚的工作，他们一定早就公布了。 这是一个社会问题，而且是
一个比人们或许已经意识到的更加根深蒂固的社会问题。
15、ministerial：adj. 部长的；内阁的；公使的；牧师的

16、in-tray：n. 收文篮；公文格
17、unveiled: adj. 裸露的；公布于众的 v. 公开（unveile的过去分词）；原形毕露


91．The author begins with an episode from The Graduate in order to
A．support the fact that more women are working now．
B．show that few graduates started working right after graduation．
C．demonstrate that there were much fewer graduates than now．
D．emphasize the sharp contrast between now and then．
92．With regard to job opportunities for young graduates，the author sounds
A．pessimistic． B．hopeful． C．indifferent． D．furious．
93．The author is ____ the Labour Government's target：50% of school leavers in higher
education．
A．in favour of B．doubtful about
C．strongly critical of D．mildly critical of
94．Which of the following statements about parents’feelings is CORRECT?
A．Working—class parents feel just as disappointed．
B．Parents and their children feel equally disappointed．
C．Middle—class parents feel more disappointed．
D．Parents feel more disappointed than their children．
95．Towards the end of the passage，the author implies that
A．there will be job-creation schemes for graduates．
B．graduate unemployment is more of a political issue．
C．graduate unemployment is both a political and a social issue．
D．the Conservatives are doing far from enough to solve the issue．



TEXT D
No matter how many times you have seen images of the golden mask of boyking
Tutankhamen，come face to face with it in Egypt's Cairo museum，and you will suck in your
breath．
译文：无论看过多少次少年国 王图特安哈门金色面具的照片，在埃及开罗博物馆和他面
对面时，你都会倒吸一口凉气。
It was on Nov 4，1923，that British archaeologist Howard Carter stumbled on a stone at the
base of the tomb of another pharaoh(法老)in Luxor that eventually led to a sealed doorway．
译文：1923 年11月4日，英国考古学家霍华德·卡特在卢克索另一个法老墓的底座处
被一块石头绊倒，这最终使他 发现了一个密封的入口。
18、archaeologist：n. 考古学家
19、seal：n. 密封；印章；海豹；封条；标志 vt. 密封；盖章 vi. 猎海豹
n. (Seal)人名；(英)西尔

Then，on Nov 23，Carter found a second door and when he stuck his head through it，what he
saw was to stun the world．Inside lay the great stone coffin，enclosing three chests of gilded wood．

译文：接着，在11月23日，卡特发现了第二扇门，当他探头进去时，他所 看到的是令
世界震惊的景象。里面有一个巨大的石棺，里面有三个由镀金木头做成的内棺。
A few months later, when a crane lifted its granite cover and one coffin after another was
removed, Carter found a solid block of gold weighing 110kg．In it was the mummy(木乃伊) of the
19-year-old Tutankhamen，covered in gold with that splendid funeral mask．And all this lay buried
for more than 3,000 years．
译文:几个月后，当起重机 将花岗岩盖子吊起，一层接一层的棺木被移开，卡特发现了一
个重110千克的固体金块。里面是19岁 的图特安哈门的木乃伊，他全身被黄金覆盖，戴着
那个华丽的葬礼面具。而这些已经被埋藏了3000多 年。
20、granite：n. 花岗岩；坚毅；冷酷无情

Months after my trip to Egypt, I can relive the rush of emotion I felt and sense the hush that
descended on the crammed Cairo museum's Tutankhamen gallery．
译文：我的埃及之旅结束几个月后，我在人潮拥挤的开罗 博物馆图特安哈门展厅中感
受到的情绪激动和肃然起敬，仍历历在目。
21、crammed：adj. 挤满的；塞满的 v. 填入；把…塞满；贪婪地吃；临时抱佛脚地
死记硬背（cram的过去式）

Cairo，a dusty city of 20 million people，is a place where time seems to both stand still and
rush into utter chaos．It is a place where the ancient and contemporary happily go along on parallel
tracks．
22、utter：vt. 发出，表达；发射 adj. 完全的；彻底的；无条件的 n. (Utter)人名；
(德、芬)乌特

译文：开罗是一个尘土飞扬的城市，拥有2000万人口，这里，时间似乎是停止的，同
时又似乎陷入一 片彻底的混乱。在这里，古代和现代能融洽地并存。
Take the Great Pyramids of Giza，sitting on the western edge of the city．Even as the setting
sun silhouettes these gigantic structures against the great desert expanse，a call for prayer floats
over semi- finished apartment blocks filled with the activity of city life．
译文：就拿坐落在城市西边的吉萨大金字塔来说吧。夕阳勾勒出这些庞大 建筑的轮廓，
与广袤的沙漠交相辉映，与此同时，祷告的钟声会从充满现代城市气息、仅完工一半的公寓
楼群里飘出。
23、silouette：n. 轮廓，剪影 vt. 使…照出影子来；使…仅仅显出轮廓 n. (Silhouette)
人名；(法)西卢埃特

While careful planning for the afterlife may lie buried underground in Cairo，it is noise and
confusion on the streets．Donkey carts battle for space with pedestrians and the only operative
road rule is“might is right．”But it is a city that is full of life—from the small roadside restaurants
to the coffee shops where men and women smoke the shisha(水烟壶)．
译文：为来世而做的 周密计划可能深埋在开罗的地下，而开罗的街上却是一片喧闹和
混乱。驴车与行人争夺空间，而唯一可行 的道路规则是“胜者为王”。但这又是一个充满生
命力的城市——从路边的小餐馆到咖啡厅，到处可见用 水烟壶抽烟的男人和女人。
24、cart：n. 二轮运货马车 vt. 用车装载 vi. 驾运货马车；用运货车运送 n. (Cart)
人名；(法)卡尔；(英、芬)卡特

Donkey carts piled high with flat-breads magically find their way in and out the maddening
traffic；young women in long skirts and headscarves hold hands with young men in open collar
shirts，while conversations dwell on Kuwait's chances at the soccer World Cup．
译文：拉着堆得高高的无酵饼的驴车，居然能奇迹般地在疯狂的车流中穿行；穿着长裙、
带着头巾的年轻女人和穿敞领衬衫的年轻男人手牵着手，谈论着科威特在足球世界杯比赛中
胜出的机率 。
25、dwell on：详述；细想

96．According to the context,“suck in your breath”means“feel a sense of ____．
A．awe B．horror C．doubt D．delight
97．Which of the following statements about the discovery of the mummy is INCORRECT?
A．The mummy was first discovered by a British archaeologist．
B．The discovery of the mummy came as a surprise．
C．The mummy was found lying right inside the stone coffin．
D．The masked mummy was covered in gold．
98．Which word CANNOT be used to describe the city of Cairo?
A．Crowdedness． B．Quiet． C．Noise． D．Confusion．
99．Which pair of wordsphrases indicates contrast?
A．Gigantic structure；great desert expanse
B．A call for prayer；men and women with the shisha
C．Chaos；maddening
D．Coffee shops；pyramids
100．What is the author's attitude towards Cairo?
A．Positive． B．Objective． C．Negative． D. Not clear

PART V READING COMPREHENSION 【25 MIN】
In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements，each
with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D．Choose the one that you think is the best
answer．Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two．

TEXT A
Saying“thank you”is probably the first thing most of us learn to do in a foreign
language．After all，we’re brought up to be polite，and it is important to make a good impression
upon other people—especially across national divides．
译文： 对我们大多数人来说，学说“谢谢”可能是在学外语的过程中首先学会的事情。
毕竟，我们从小受到的教 育就是要有礼貌，而且给别人留下一个好印象很重要——尤其是在
跨国交际中。
1、divide：vt. 划分；除；分开；使产生分歧 vi. 分开；意见分歧
n. [地理] 分水岭，分水线

So, what exactly are you supposed to say when
to express gratitude? According to a recent survey,19 other ways of expressing appreciation
finished ahead of ．
译文：“thank you”在最受欢迎的表达感谢的方式中只排第20位，那么，你该究竟如何表达感谢呢?最近一项有3000人参与的民意调查显示，有19种比“thank you”更受欢迎的
表达感谢的方式。

Pollsters found almost half of those asked preferred the more informal“cheers”，while others
liked to use such expressions as“ta”,“great“nice one”．
译文：民 意调查人员发现，将近一半的受访者更喜欢用非正式的“cheers”，而另一些
人喜欢用“ta”“ great”和“nice one”这样的表达。

So，just what is the appropriate form of words to express your thanks?
Fortunately, the clue is in the language itself．“Cheers”，despite its popularity，is considered
an informal way to say thank you—and this is a definite clue as to when you can best use it．
译文：那么，什么才是你表达谢意的合适字眼呢？
幸 运的是，我们可以从语言中找到线索。“cheers”虽然很流行，但却被认为是一种不
正式的表达谢 意的方式——这为你何时可以恰当使用它提供了明确的线索。
2、definite：adj. 一定的；确切的


For instance，when going for a drink with friends，a smile and a“cheers”by way of thanks is
not only appropriate to the situation，it is also culturally accurate．
译文：比 如，当你和朋友们去喝酒时，用一个微笑加上一个“cheers”作为感谢，不仅
场合合适，从文化的 角度来看也是恰当的。

“Ta”，originated from the Danish word“tak”, was the second-most popular expression of
thanks，and is also commonly used in informal situations，along with phrases such as“nice one”，
and“brilliant”．Interestingly, one word that didn’t make it into the top 20 was“thanks”．Thank your

shorter, more informal cousin．
译文：“ta”起源于丹麦语“tak”,在最受欢迎的表达谢意的方式中排名第二，与短语“nice
one”和“brilliant”等一起广泛用于非正式场合。有趣的是，“thank you”的简短语、较不
正式的“堂兄”“thanks”也没能排进前二十名。

“Thanks”can be useful，as it is able to bridge the divide between the formality of “thank
you“cheers”．
译文：“thanks”很有用，因为它介于比较正式的“thank you”与直率轻松的“cheers”
之间。
3、downright：adj. 明白的；直率的；显明的 adv. 完全，彻底；全然


Certain words can double as an expression of thanks as well as delight．Again，the words
themselves offer the clue as to when best to use them．
译文 ：某些词既可表达谢意，也可以表示高兴。而且，这些词本身就为我们提供了何时
可以恰当使用它们的线 索。

For example，words like“awesome”，“brilliant“you star
poll and they can hint at both your pleasure at someone's action，as well as serving to express your
thanks．If you are on the receiving end of a“new”thank you，you can respond with a simple“no
problem”, or“sure”．
译文：比如，像“awesome”、“brilliant”和“you star”这些在最近的民 意调查中出现
频率很高的词，不仅可以表达你的感激之情，也可以表示你对他人的行为很满意。当你是“ 新
型谢谢”的接受者时，可以用简单的“no problem”或者“sure”来回应。

Of course，in certain circumstances，a simple wave，nod or smile may be appropriate．For
instance，if a car driver slows down to let you cross the road，simply raising your hand in
acknowledgement is enough to show that you appreciate the driver's consideration．
译文：当然，在 某些情况下，一个简单的挥手、点头或是微笑就能很恰当地表达你的谢
意。比如，如果汽车司机减速让你 过马路，简单地抬手示意就足够表示你对其关照的感激之
情。

Sometimes，formality is necessary, and“thank you”is still the best choice in such situations．
But students should not worry about when exactly to use certain expressions．
译文：有时候，道谢又必须很正式，这时“thank you”仍是这些场合中的最佳选择。但
是学生们不必担心究竟什么时候使用哪些表达方式。

Many people in Western countries are worried that good manners are in decline．People are
tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass without comment．So don’t think that your
“thank you”was clumsy or awkwardly formal．The chances are，if you said “thank you”，you
made someone’s star．
译文：很多西方国家的人担心礼貌渐渐消失。 人们讨厌自己的善行或好意得不到他人的
任何反馈。所以不必担心说“thank you“显得笨拙或者过于正式。如果说了“thank you”，
你十有八九会让别人非常高兴。你很棒！

81．We can tell from the results of the poll that
A．people are unconcerned about politeness nowadays．
B．“thank you”remains the best expression of gratitude．
C．there is a variety of expressions of appreciation．
D．there are more formal expressions than informal ones．
82．Which wordphrase does NOT appear in the top 20?
A．Cheers． B．Thanks． C．Brilliant． D．You star．
83．According to the passage．which is an appropriate response to“awesome”or“brilliant”?
A．Thanks． B．Cheers． C．Nice one． D．Sure．
84．According to the passage，the way in which we express our gratitude depends on all the
following EXCEPT
A．gender． B．formality． C．culture． D．circumstance．
85．In the last paragraph the author encourages people to
A．continue their acts of kindness．
B．behave themselves well．
C．show their gratitude to others．
D．stop worrying about bad manners．




TEXT B
From 2007 to 2010，American households lost $$l1 trillion in real estate，savings, and stocks
More than half of all U．S．workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay
during the recession．The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few
years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives—how they live，work，and spend—even the
way they think about the future．
译文：从2007年到2010年，美国家庭在房 地产、储蓄和股票中损失了11万亿美元。
在这一经济萧条时期，超过一半的美国工人要么丢了工作，要 么被迫同意削减工时或工资。
现在，最糟糕的可能已经过去了，但过去几年里令人震惊的损失几乎重塑了 他们生活的方方
面面——他们的生活，工作和消费方式甚至他们对未来的看法。
4、trillion: n. [数] 万 adj. 万亿的 num. [数] 万亿

For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander,
Wisconsin．by his company forcing the family to move in a hurry．The couple bought a new house
but were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake，Minnesota．With two mortgages(抵
押借款) and two young children to care for, Cindy couldn't imagine how to stretch her husband's
paycheck to keep her family fed．
译文：对辛迪来说，经济衰退是从丈夫被公司调制 威斯康辛州的莱茵兰德，他们被迫
匆忙搬家开始的。这对夫妇买了一座新房子，但是他们却无法卖掉位于 明尼苏达州比格莱克
的两居室。背负着偿还两个抵押贷款和照顾两个孩子的重任，辛迪无法想象单靠丈夫 的收入
怎么养活这一家人。
5、relocate：vt. 重新安置；迁移 vi. 重新安置；迁移新址 n. 浮动

Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical，a forum for gardeners，many
with an interest in sustainability．“The more I read and discussed these practices，the more I
realized this would help not only our budget but also our health，”she says．
译文：后来她无意中发现了一个叫做Blotannical的 网上社区，这是一个园艺爱好者论
坛，其中有许多人对可持续发展感兴趣。“这些做法我读得越多，讨论 得越多，就越深刻地
认识到它不仅能帮助我们节省开支，也有益于我们的健康。”辛迪说。
6、stumble：n. 绊倒；蹒跚而行 vi. 踌躇，蹒跚；失足；犯错 vt. 使…困惑；使…
绊倒
7、sustainability：n. 持续性；永续性；能维持性

Cindy admits that before the recession，she was a city girl with no interest in growing her
own dinner．“I grew flowers mostly—I didn’t think about plants that weren’t visually interesting.
But to stretch her budget，she began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry
beds to apple trees—and as her first seedlings grew，her spirits lifted．She no longer thinks of
gardening and making her own jams as just a money saver；they’re a genuine pleasure．“It’s
brought us closer together as a family, too，”she says．Her kids voluntarily pitch in with(主动帮
助)the garden work，and the family cooks together instead of eating out．The food tastes better —
it's fresher and organic —and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose：cost cutting．Now
she spends about $$200 to $$300 a month on groceries．less than half of the $$650 a month that she
used to lay out．
译文：辛迪承认，在经济衰退之前，她是一个都 市女孩，对种菜吃从来不感兴趣。“我
通常只种花——我从来不考虑没有观赏价值的植物。”但是，为了 节省开支，她开始种一些
蔬菜和水果——从草莓地到苹果树无所不有——随着她的第一批幼苗开始成长， 她的精神也
随之高涨起来。她不再把种植蔬菜和水果以及自己动手做果酱看成是一种省钱的手段；这些< br>都带给她实实在在的快乐。“这也让家庭成员之间更加亲密，”她说。孩子们会主动帮忙在种
菜， 而且全家人会一起做饭吃而不是到外面吃。食物吃起来味道也更好——它们更新鲜而且
是有机的，并且菜 园轻易地实现了建它的初期目标：减少花费。现在，辛迪每个月购买食品
的费用只有200到300美元 ，甚至少于之前她每个月650美元花销的一半。
8、seedling：n. 秧苗，幼苗；树苗
9、lay out：展示；安排；花钱；为…划样；提议

After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times，Cindy is no longer easily
discouraged．“It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself,”she says．“I feel
accomplished，and I'm more confident about attempting things I've never done before．
avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit，quilt，and make her own soap．
think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren’t for the recession，”she says．“I have a
feeling that from now on，it will affect my family’s health and happiness for the better．
译文：当她发现自己在艰难时期是如此随机应变时，辛迪不再轻易泄气。“这是 我自己
做的，能这样说是我感到非常骄傲，”她说。“我很有成就感，也更有信心去尝试我以前从来没有做过的事了。”现在她尽管不去便利商店，并开始学习织毛衣、缝制被子，甚至自己制
作肥皂。 “要不是这次经济衰退，我想我肯定不会走上这样的道路，”她说。“我有一种感觉，
从现在开始，这样 会使我的家人更加健康和幸福。”
10、quilt：n. 被子；棉被 vt. 东拼西凑地编；加软衬料后缝制 vi. 缝被子

86．We learn from the first paragraph that the recession
A．affected Americans in certain occupations．
B．had great impact on Americans’work and life．
C．had only brought huge losses in savings and stocks．
D．is over with some of the losses recovered.
87．What made the family's financial situation even worse was that they
A．moved to Rhinelander in a hurry．
B．had two children to raise．
C．didn't know anyone in Rhinelander．
D．couldn't sell their home in Big Lake．
88．Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A．Cindy had seen the benefits of gardening in a different way．
B．Cindy had developed a hobby of gardening before the recession．
C．Cindy had already had a keen interest in sustainability．
D．Cindy had already planned to meet the gardeners．
89．In addition, Cindy views gardening as a genuine pleasure because gardening
A．helped her cut living costs almost by half．
B．enabled her to make her own jams．
C．built up family ties and kids’enthusiasm．
D．enabled her to know more about plants．
90．What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has gone through?
A．It gave the couple and their kids a tough lesson．
B．It gave her confidence and optimism．
C．It would come again and affect the family．
D．It left a lasting psychological impact on the family．


TEXT C
“I'm a little worried about my future，”said Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate．He should be
so lucky．All he had to worry about was whether to have an affair with Mrs. Robinson．In the
sixties，that was the sum total of post-graduation anxiety syndrome．
译文：“我有点担心 我的未来，”达斯汀·霍夫曼在电影《毕业生》中说。他应该是非
常幸运的。因为他担心的只不过是要不 要和鲁滨逊太太闹绯闻。在60年代，那就是毕业后
焦虑综合症的全部。

Hoffman's modern counterparts are not so fortunate．The Mrs. Robinsons aren't sitting
around at home any more，seducing graduates．They are out in the workplace，doing the
high-powered jobs the graduates want，but cannot get．For those fresh out of university, desperate
for work but unable to get it，there is a big imbalance between supply and demand．And there is no
narrowing of the gap in sight．
译文：和霍夫曼一样的现代毕业生就没有那么幸运了。鲁滨逊太太那样的有妇之夫不
再闲在家里引诱毕 业生了。她们都出去工作了，而且拥有毕业生可望而不可即的高层职位。
对那些刚走出校门、渴望工作却 找不到工作的毕业生来说，供求之间存在着很严重的不平衡。

而且这样的差距目前没有缩小的趋势。
11、counterpart：n. 副本；配对物；极相似的人或物

The latest unemployment figures show that 746,000 of 18-24 year-olds are unemployed— a
record rate of 18 per cent．Many of those will have graduated this summer．They are not panicking
yet，but as the job rejections mount up，they are beginning to feel alarmed．
译文：最新的失业数据显示，18-24岁的失业人数有746000，失业率创最高纪录——18％。
他们当中的很多人会在今年夏天毕业。他们还没有感到恐慌，但随着找工作碰壁几率的增大，
他们开始警 觉了。
Of course，it is easy to blame the Government and，in particular, the target that Labour has
long trumpeted---50 per cent of school-leavers in higher education．That was not too smart．The
Government has not only failed to meet its target—the actual figure is still closer to 40 per cent—
but it has raised expectations to unrealistic levels．
译文：当然，指 责政府很容易，特别是共党政府一直鼓吹的目标——接受过高等教育的
毕业生有50％找得到工作。这样 做确实不太明智。实际数字仍然只接近40％，政府不但没
有达到预期目标，而且导致人们期望过高，达 到了不切实际的程度。
12、trumpet：n. 喇叭；喇叭声 vt. 吹喇叭；吹嘘 vi. 吹喇叭；发出喇叭般的声音

Parents feel as badly let down as the young people themselves．Middle-class families see
their graduate offspring on the dole(救济金)queue and wonder why they bothered paying school
fees．Working-class families feel an even keener sense of disappointment．For many such families，
getting a child into university was the fulfillment of a lifelong dream．It represented upward social
and financial mobility．It was proof that they were living in a dynamic，economically successful
country．That dream does not seem so rosy now．
译文；父母和年轻人一样深感 失望。中产阶层的家庭目睹毕业的子女排队去领救济金，
不禁后悔自己当初何苦要花钱送孩子上学。工薪 阶层的家庭则更加失望。对很多这样的家庭
来说，送一个孩子上大学就等于实现了他们毕生的梦想。这代 表着社会和经济地位的提升，
也是他们所处的国家富有活力、经济腾飞的证明。然而这样的梦想在现在看 来没有那么美好
了。
13、offspring：n. 后代，子孙；产物
14、rosy：adj. 蔷薇色的，玫瑰红色的；美好的；乐观的；涨红脸的 n. (Rosy)人名；
(罗、意、瑞、典)罗茜(女名)，罗西；(英)罗茜

Graduate unemployment is not，ultimately, a political problem ready to be solved．Job-creation
schemes for graduates are very low down in ministerial in-trays．If David Cameron's
Conservatives had a brilliant idea for guaranteeing every graduate a well-paid job，they would
have unveiled it by now．It is a social problem，though a more deep-seated social problem than
people perhaps realize．
译文：毕业生失业问题，从根 本上看，不是一个很快可以解决的政治问题。内阁公文
中为毕业生创造就业机会的方案很少。如果戴维· 卡梅伦的保守党有一个绝妙的主意能保证
每一个毕业生获得一份待遇优厚的工作，他们一定早就公布了。 这是一个社会问题，而且是
一个比人们或许已经意识到的更加根深蒂固的社会问题。
15、ministerial：adj. 部长的；内阁的；公使的；牧师的

16、in-tray：n. 收文篮；公文格
17、unveiled: adj. 裸露的；公布于众的 v. 公开（unveile的过去分词）；原形毕露


91．The author begins with an episode from The Graduate in order to
A．support the fact that more women are working now．
B．show that few graduates started working right after graduation．
C．demonstrate that there were much fewer graduates than now．
D．emphasize the sharp contrast between now and then．
92．With regard to job opportunities for young graduates，the author sounds
A．pessimistic． B．hopeful． C．indifferent． D．furious．
93．The author is ____ the Labour Government's target：50% of school leavers in higher
education．
A．in favour of B．doubtful about
C．strongly critical of D．mildly critical of
94．Which of the following statements about parents’feelings is CORRECT?
A．Working—class parents feel just as disappointed．
B．Parents and their children feel equally disappointed．
C．Middle—class parents feel more disappointed．
D．Parents feel more disappointed than their children．
95．Towards the end of the passage，the author implies that
A．there will be job-creation schemes for graduates．
B．graduate unemployment is more of a political issue．
C．graduate unemployment is both a political and a social issue．
D．the Conservatives are doing far from enough to solve the issue．



TEXT D
No matter how many times you have seen images of the golden mask of boyking
Tutankhamen，come face to face with it in Egypt's Cairo museum，and you will suck in your
breath．
译文：无论看过多少次少年国 王图特安哈门金色面具的照片，在埃及开罗博物馆和他面
对面时，你都会倒吸一口凉气。
It was on Nov 4，1923，that British archaeologist Howard Carter stumbled on a stone at the
base of the tomb of another pharaoh(法老)in Luxor that eventually led to a sealed doorway．
译文：1923 年11月4日，英国考古学家霍华德·卡特在卢克索另一个法老墓的底座处
被一块石头绊倒，这最终使他 发现了一个密封的入口。
18、archaeologist：n. 考古学家
19、seal：n. 密封；印章；海豹；封条；标志 vt. 密封；盖章 vi. 猎海豹
n. (Seal)人名；(英)西尔

Then，on Nov 23，Carter found a second door and when he stuck his head through it，what he
saw was to stun the world．Inside lay the great stone coffin，enclosing three chests of gilded wood．

译文：接着，在11月23日，卡特发现了第二扇门，当他探头进去时，他所 看到的是令
世界震惊的景象。里面有一个巨大的石棺，里面有三个由镀金木头做成的内棺。
A few months later, when a crane lifted its granite cover and one coffin after another was
removed, Carter found a solid block of gold weighing 110kg．In it was the mummy(木乃伊) of the
19-year-old Tutankhamen，covered in gold with that splendid funeral mask．And all this lay buried
for more than 3,000 years．
译文:几个月后，当起重机 将花岗岩盖子吊起，一层接一层的棺木被移开，卡特发现了一
个重110千克的固体金块。里面是19岁 的图特安哈门的木乃伊，他全身被黄金覆盖，戴着
那个华丽的葬礼面具。而这些已经被埋藏了3000多 年。
20、granite：n. 花岗岩；坚毅；冷酷无情

Months after my trip to Egypt, I can relive the rush of emotion I felt and sense the hush that
descended on the crammed Cairo museum's Tutankhamen gallery．
译文：我的埃及之旅结束几个月后，我在人潮拥挤的开罗 博物馆图特安哈门展厅中感
受到的情绪激动和肃然起敬，仍历历在目。
21、crammed：adj. 挤满的；塞满的 v. 填入；把…塞满；贪婪地吃；临时抱佛脚地
死记硬背（cram的过去式）

Cairo，a dusty city of 20 million people，is a place where time seems to both stand still and
rush into utter chaos．It is a place where the ancient and contemporary happily go along on parallel
tracks．
22、utter：vt. 发出，表达；发射 adj. 完全的；彻底的；无条件的 n. (Utter)人名；
(德、芬)乌特

译文：开罗是一个尘土飞扬的城市，拥有2000万人口，这里，时间似乎是停止的，同
时又似乎陷入一 片彻底的混乱。在这里，古代和现代能融洽地并存。
Take the Great Pyramids of Giza，sitting on the western edge of the city．Even as the setting
sun silhouettes these gigantic structures against the great desert expanse，a call for prayer floats
over semi- finished apartment blocks filled with the activity of city life．
译文：就拿坐落在城市西边的吉萨大金字塔来说吧。夕阳勾勒出这些庞大 建筑的轮廓，
与广袤的沙漠交相辉映，与此同时，祷告的钟声会从充满现代城市气息、仅完工一半的公寓
楼群里飘出。
23、silouette：n. 轮廓，剪影 vt. 使…照出影子来；使…仅仅显出轮廓 n. (Silhouette)
人名；(法)西卢埃特

While careful planning for the afterlife may lie buried underground in Cairo，it is noise and
confusion on the streets．Donkey carts battle for space with pedestrians and the only operative
road rule is“might is right．”But it is a city that is full of life—from the small roadside restaurants
to the coffee shops where men and women smoke the shisha(水烟壶)．
译文：为来世而做的 周密计划可能深埋在开罗的地下，而开罗的街上却是一片喧闹和
混乱。驴车与行人争夺空间，而唯一可行 的道路规则是“胜者为王”。但这又是一个充满生
命力的城市——从路边的小餐馆到咖啡厅，到处可见用 水烟壶抽烟的男人和女人。
24、cart：n. 二轮运货马车 vt. 用车装载 vi. 驾运货马车；用运货车运送 n. (Cart)
人名；(法)卡尔；(英、芬)卡特

Donkey carts piled high with flat-breads magically find their way in and out the maddening
traffic；young women in long skirts and headscarves hold hands with young men in open collar
shirts，while conversations dwell on Kuwait's chances at the soccer World Cup．
译文：拉着堆得高高的无酵饼的驴车，居然能奇迹般地在疯狂的车流中穿行；穿着长裙、
带着头巾的年轻女人和穿敞领衬衫的年轻男人手牵着手，谈论着科威特在足球世界杯比赛中
胜出的机率 。
25、dwell on：详述；细想

96．According to the context,“suck in your breath”means“feel a sense of ____．
A．awe B．horror C．doubt D．delight
97．Which of the following statements about the discovery of the mummy is INCORRECT?
A．The mummy was first discovered by a British archaeologist．
B．The discovery of the mummy came as a surprise．
C．The mummy was found lying right inside the stone coffin．
D．The masked mummy was covered in gold．
98．Which word CANNOT be used to describe the city of Cairo?
A．Crowdedness． B．Quiet． C．Noise． D．Confusion．
99．Which pair of wordsphrases indicates contrast?
A．Gigantic structure；great desert expanse
B．A call for prayer；men and women with the shisha
C．Chaos；maddening
D．Coffee shops；pyramids
100．What is the author's attitude towards Cairo?
A．Positive． B．Objective． C．Negative． D. Not clear