新视野大学英语读写教程 第二册 2单元 textB 单词unit 2 text B
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Competition adj. competitive 竞争的 competing
相互矛盾的adv. competitively 有竞争力地
n. competitor
竞争者，对手vi. compete 竞争；比赛；对抗
Will you judge at
the swimming competition next week做评委
Sake n. 目的；利益；理由；日本米酒
for any sake
无论如何for God's (或 Christ's, goodness', gosh,
heaven's, mercy's, pity's) sake
[口
语][用于加强语气]天哪，哎呀；看在上帝份for old time's sake
看在老交情的
athlete adj. athletic 运动的，体格健壮的n.
athleticism 竞技热；运动竞赛
I was no athlete.
我完全不是运动型的人。
Sacrifice n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉vt.
牺牲；献祭；亏本出售vi. 献祭；奉献
V-T To sacrifice an animal
or person means to kill them in a special
religious ceremony as an
offering to a god. 献祭
The priest sacrificed a chicken. 牧师献祭了一只鸡。
2.N-COUNT祭品 ...animal sacrifices to the gods.
…献给众神的动物祭品。
3.V-T If you sacrifice something
that is valuable or important, you give it up,
usually to obtain
something else for yourself
or for other people. 舍弃; 牺牲
She sacrificed
family life to her career. 她为了她的事业牺牲了家庭生活。
Injury brain injury 脑损伤
Four police
officers suffered serious injuries in the
explosion. 警官在爆炸中受了重伤
2. N-VAR If someone
suffers injury to their feelings, they are badly
upset by something. If they
suffer injury to
their reputation, their reputation is seriously
harmed. (对感情或名誉等的) 伤害
[法律] She was awarded
$$3,500 for injury to her feelings.
她获得了3500美元的精神损伤费。
adj. injured 受伤的；受损害的
injurious 有害的；诽谤的 adv. injuriously 有害地；伤害地 vt.
injure 伤害，损害
exploit vt.
开发，开拓；剥削；开采n. 勋绩；功绩
Critics claim he exploited
black musicians for personal gain.
批评家们声称他为私利利用了黑
人音乐家们。
N-COUNT If you refer
to someone's exploits, you mean the brave,
interesting, or amusing things
that they have
done. 英勇事迹
His wartime exploits were later
made into a film and a television series.
他战时的英勇事迹后来被改编成了电影和电视剧。
adj. exploitive
剥削的；开发资源的 n. exploitation 开发；利用 exploiter 开拓者剥削者
glory n. 光荣，荣誉；赞颂
adj. glorious
光荣的；辉煌的 adv. gloriously 光荣地；辉煌地n. glorification
赞颂vt. glorify
赞美；美化 Walsham had his moment of
glory when he won a 20km race.
Virtue
His virtue is patience. 他的美德就是耐心。
Dash
n. 破折号；冲撞vt. 使…破灭；猛撞；泼溅vi. 猛冲；撞击
1. V-I If
you dash somewhere, you run or go there quickly
and suddenly. 猛冲
Suddenly she dashed down to
the cellar. 她猛地朝地窖冲过去。
2. N-SING Dash is also
a noun. 猛冲
...a 160-mile dash to the
hospital. …飞奔160英里赶向医院。
3. V-I If you say that
you have to dash, you mean that you are in a hurry
and have to leave
immediately. 赶紧离开 [非正式] [no
cont]
Oh, Tim! I'm sorry but I have to dash.
噢，蒂姆！很抱歉，但我得赶紧走了。
4. V-T If you dash
something against a wall or other surface, you
throw or push it violently, often
so hard that
it breaks. 猛撞; 猛摔 [文学性]
She seized the doll
and dashed it against the stone wall with
force.使劲往石墙上摔
Cut a dash 大出风头You think
you can cut a dash on the dance-floor?
Competitive
He has always been
ambitious and fiercely competitive. 他一直很有抱负，极度好胜。
Only by keeping down costs will America
maintain its competitive advantage over other
countries. 只有通过保持低成本美国才能保持对其他国家的竞争优势。
Defy vt. 藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；使落空n. 挑战；对抗
1. V-T
If you defy someone or something that is trying to
make you behave in a particular way,
you
refuse to obey them and behave in that way. 违抗
This was the first (and last) time that I
dared to defy my mother.
这是我第一次（也是最后一次）胆敢违抗我母亲。
2. V-T If you defy
someone to do something, you challenge them to do
it when you think that
they will be unable to
do it or too frightened to do it. 向…挑战; 惹
I
defy you to come up with one major accomplishment
of the current president.
我倒要看看你能否举出现任董事长的一件主要成绩。
Pursue
should we even have to decide whether to pursue
truth?
pursued the man who had stolen a
woman's bag.
Pursue after 追逐 What Marx pursue
after for lifetime is freedom of all people in the
world.
Strip vt. 剥夺；剥去；脱去衣服n.
带；条状；脱衣舞vi. 脱去衣服
N-COUNT A strip of something
such as paper, cloth, or food is a long, narrow
piece of it. (纸、布
或食物的) 条. 例：The simplest rag-
rugs are made with strips of fabric braided
together.这些最
简单的碎布地毯是由织物条编织而成的。
2. N-COUNT
A strip of land or water is a long narrow area of
it. 狭长 (地带或水域)
例：The cities sit on narrow
strips of land lying under steep mountains.
城市坐落在陡峭山脉下的狭长地带。
3. N-COUNT A strip is a
long street in a city or town, where there are a
lot of stores, restaurants,
and hotels. 商业街
[美国英语]
例：a busy commercial strip in North
Dallas.…在北达拉斯的一条繁忙的商业街
4. V-I If you strip,
you take off your clothes. 脱衣服
5. PHRASAL VERB
Strip off means the same as . 脱衣服例：The children
were brazenly
stripping off and leaping into
the sea.这些孩子们那时正无所顾忌地脱掉衣服，跳进海里。
6.V-T To strip
something means to remove everything that covers
it. 剥离
例：After mom left for work I stripped
the beds for cleaning.去上班后，我揭下了床罩
Singular arly 异常地；非常地arity 奇异；稀有singleness
单一；
独身arize 使显著；使单一化；使成为唯一；使成为单数
I was
struck with the man's singular appearance.
“The boy runs”, boy is a singular noun and runs
agree with it in number.
在 “The boy runs”
此句中，boy 是单数名词， runs 在数方面与它呼应。
Horizon on the
horizon 在地平线上；即将来临的
1. 眼界; 阅历 As your
horizons expand, these new ideas can give a whole
new meaning to life.
随着你的眼界不断开阔，这些新观念将给你的生活赋予崭新的意义。
2. 地平线 In
the distance, the dot of a boat appeared on the
horizon.
远处小黑点般的一条小船出现在地平线上。
Sprinter
sprint vi. 冲刺，全速跑 n. 冲刺；短跑 vt. 全速奔跑
vi. She
began to sprint on the last two laps.
她在最后两圈时开始冲刺了。
Bob won the sprint in
England.赢得了跑赛vt. He sprinted to the car.冲向那辆汽车
observer
I think that's what I learned
from him: how to be an observer.
我想这是我从他那里学到的：怎么做一个观察者。
The
president suggested that a UN observer should
attend the conference.
大会主席建议应该有一名联合国观察员参加该会议。
Crack n.噼啪声, 裂缝vt.
使破裂；打开；变声vi. 破裂；爆裂adj. 最好的；高明的
N.1. Suddenly
there was a loud crack and glass flew into the
car. 突然一阵巨大的爆裂声，碎玻
璃飞溅进了车内。
N- A crack is a
very narrow gap between two things, or between two
parts of a thing. 裂缝
Kathryn had seen him
through a crack in the curtains. 凯瑟琳曾从帘子的裂缝看到过他。
N-COUNT A crack is a line that appears on the
surface of something when it is slightly damaged.
裂纹 The plate had a crack in it. 这盘子上有条裂纹。
V.1. Thunder cracked in the sky. 空中雷声炸响。
2.A gas main had cracked under my neighbour's
garage and gas had seeped into our
homes.
邻居家车库下的煤气主管道破裂了，煤气渗漏进我们家。
Trail vi. 慢慢走vt.
追踪n. 小径；踪迹on the trail追踪，寻找；在山径上
is trailing
aimlessly on the street. 2. Two detectives were
trailing him.侦探正在跟踪他
N. He was following a
trail through the trees. 他正沿着一条崎岖小路穿过树林
Everywhere in the house was a sticky trail of
orange juice. 房子里都是粘乎乎的橙汁印迹
Explosive adv.
explosively 爆发地，引起爆炸地 n. explosion 爆炸；激增 v.
explode
The explosive growth in
shopping malls is one of the most remarkable signs
of
Westernization. 商场数量的暴涨是最明显的西化标志之一。
explosive device was timed to go off at the rush
hour. 爆炸装置定在交通高峰爆炸
's inherited his father's
explosive temper. 他遗传了他父亲的火暴性子。
Overcome
overcomer n. 得胜者
Molly had fought and
overcome her fear of flying. 莫莉经过努力克服了对飞行的恐
惧。
Committee 、National Committee 全国委员会Law
Committee 法律委员会
Indicate
A survey
of retired people has indicated that most are
independent and enjoying
life.
一项对退休人员的调查表明，他们中的大部分人生活自立而愉快。
Steroid A
steroid is a type of chemical substance found in
your body. Steroids can be artificially
人工的
introduced into引进 the bodies of athletes to
improve their strength. 类固醇
Conquest
He
had led the conquest of southern Poland in 1939.
他曾于39年统领对波兰南部的征服
Condemn adj. condemnatory
处罚的；非难的；定罪的 condemnable 该受责备的，应受谴责
的；该定罪的 n.
condemnation 谴责；定罪
Most people condemn war.
大多数人都谴责战争。
Opponent n. 对手；反对者；敌手adj. 对立的；敌对的
Norris twice knocked down his opponent
in the early rounds of the fight.
诺里斯在拳击赛的头几个回合中，曾两度击倒他的对手。
Deny deny
oneself 节制 克己 adj. deniable 可否认的；可拒绝的；可否定的
n. denial 否认；拒绝；节制；背弃
She denied
both accusations. [ækjʊ'zeɪʃ(ə)n]她否认对她的两项指控。
Two federal courts ruled that the
military cannot deny prisoners access to lawyers.
两联邦法院裁定军方不能拒绝让囚犯聘请律师。
Counter n.
计算器；柜台；计算者adv. 相反地v. 反击；反对adj. 相反的
N-COUNT In
a place such as a shop or café, a counter is a
long narrow table or flat
surface at which
customers are served. 柜台
例：...those guys we
see working behind the counter at our local video
rental shop.
…我们所见在本地音像出租商店柜台后工作的那些家伙。
2.
N-COUNT A counter is a mechanical or electronic
device which keeps a count of
something and
displays the total. 计数器
例：The new answering
machine has a call counter.
这种新型的电话答录机有一个通话计数器。
Rumor rumour
n. 谣言；传闻vt. 谣传；传说rumormonger英
['ruːmə,mʌŋɡə]造谣
者
The rumor rocked the
whole city. 谣言使整个城市惊慌不安
Formula n. [数]
公式，准则；配方；婴儿食品 aic 公式化的；刻板的formulary
规定的；公式的ation 构想，规划；公式化formulary
公式集；处方一览表
ate 规划；用公式表示；明确地表达formularize
使公式化；以形式表示
He developed a mathematical formula
describing the distances of the planets from the
Sun.他提出了一个描述各行星与太阳之间距离的数学公式。
Suspicion ious 可疑的；怀疑的iously 怀疑
There
was a suspicion that this runner attempted to
avoid the procedures for drug
testing.存在这
名赛跑运动员试图逃避药检的怀疑。
Erosion
n. 侵蚀，腐蚀 啮蚀状的；凹凸不平的erosive 腐蚀的；冲蚀的；侵蚀
性的n
侵蚀，腐蚀侵蚀；损坏
N-UNCOUNT Erosion is the gradual
destruction and removal of rock or soil in a
particular area
by rivers, the sea, or the
weather. 侵蚀
例：...erosion of the river
valleys.…河谷的侵蚀。 soil erosion n. 水土流失
2.
N-UNCOUNT The erosion of a person's authority,
rights, or confidence is the gradual
destruction or removal of them. 削弱
例：...the erosion of confidence in world
financial markets.…对世界金融市场信心的削弱
Participation ipant 参与的；有关的ipant 参与者ipate 参与
Some have questioned the participation of the
military in the program.
一些人对于这个项目上有军队参与提出质疑。
Relay torch relay 火炬传递 relay race 接力赛
N-COUNT A relay or a relay race is a race
between two or more teams, for example teams of
runners or swimmers. Each member of the team
runs or swims one section of the race.
接力赛
例：Britain's prospects of beating the United
States in the relay looked
poor.英国队在接力赛中战
胜美国队的希望看上去不大。
2. V-T To
relay television or radio signals means to send
them or broadcast them. 转播
例：The satellite
will be used mainly to relay television
programmes.这颗卫星将主要用来转播电
视节目。
3. V-T If you
relay something that has been said to you, you
repeat it to another person. 转告 [正
式]例：She
relayed the message, then frowned.她转告了那个消息，然后皱了皱眉。
Reception n. 接待；接收；招待会；感受；反应 reception
desk 接待处 前台
N-COUNT A reception is a formal
party which is given to welcome someone or to
celebrate a
special event. 招待会例：At the
reception they served smoked
salmon.在招待会上，他们端上了
熏三文鱼。
2. N-SING
Reception in a hotel is the desk or office that
books rooms for people and answers
their
questions. (酒店) 接待处; 服务台 ['the' N, oft N n, also
'at' N]
例：Have him bring a car around to
reception.让他开辆车到接待处附近来。
3. N-COUNT If someone
or something has a particular kind of reception,
that is the way that
people react to them.
接待例：Mr. Mandela was given a warm reception in
Washington.曼德拉先
生在华盛顿受到了热情接待。
4. N-UNCOUNT
If you get good reception from your radio or
television, the sound or picture is
clear
because the signal is strong. If the reception is
poor, the sound or picture is unclear because
the signal is weak. (收音机或电视机的) 接收效果
例：...poor radio reception.…糟糕的广播接收效果。