文科大学排名及分数线-中国传媒大学录取分数线

Here we are, all by ourselves, all 22 million of us by recent
count, alone in our rooms, some of us liking it that way and
some of us not. Some of us divorced, some widowed, some
never yet committed. 事实如此，我们孤独无依地生活着。据最近
的统 计，共有2,200万人独自生活在自己的住所里。其中有些人喜欢
这种生活，有些却不喜欢。有些离了 婚，有些鳏寡无伴，也有些从未
结过婚。Loneliness may be a sort of national disease here, and
it's more embarrassing for us to admit than any other sin. On
the other hand, to be alone on purpose, having rejected
company rather than been cast out by it, is one characteristic of
an American hero. The solitary hunter or explorer needs no one
as they venture out among the deer and wolves to tame
the great wild areas. Thoreau, alone in his cabin on the pond,
his back deliberately turned to the town. Now, that's character
for you. 孤独或许是这里的一种民族弊病，我们羞于承认它，甚于其< br>他任何罪恶。而另一方面，故意选择独处，拒绝别人的陪伴而非为同
伴所弃，却是美国式英雄的一 个特点。孤独的猎人或探险者去鹿群和
狼群中冒险，征服广袤的荒野时，并不需要有人陪伴。梭罗独居在 湖
畔的小屋，有意疏离了城市生活。现在，这成了你的个性。

Inspiration in solitude is a major commodity for poets and
philosophers. They're all for it. They all speak highly of

themselves for seeking it out, at least for an hour or even two
before they hurry home for tea. 独处的灵感是诗人和哲 学家最有
用的东西。他们都赞成独处，都因能够独处而自视甚高，至少在他们
匆忙赶回家喝茶之 前的一两个小时之内是这样。
Consider Dorothy Wordsworth, for instance, helping her
brother William put on his coat, finding his notebook and
pencil for him, and waving as he sets forth into the early spring
sunlight to look at flowers all by himself. “How graceful, how
benign, is solitude,” he wrote.就拿多萝西·华兹华斯来说吧，她
帮哥哥威廉穿上外衣，为 他找到笔记本和铅笔，向他挥手告别，目送
他走进早春的阳光去独自对花沉思。他写道：“独处多么优雅 ，惬意。”
No doubt about it, solitude is improved by being voluntary. 毫
无疑问，如果自愿独处，感觉要好得多。Look at Milton's daughters
arranging his cushions and blankets before they silently creep
away, so he can create poetry. Then, rather than trouble to put
it in his own handwriting, he calls the girls to come back and
write it down while he dictates. 看看弥尔顿的女儿们：她们为他准
备好垫子和毯子，然后蹑手蹑脚地走开，以便他 能创作诗歌。然而他
并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们
记下来 。You may have noticed that most of these artistic types
went outdoors to be alone. The indoors was full of loved ones
keeping the kettle warm till they came home. 也许你已经注意

到，这些艺术家类型的人 ，大多是到户外独处，而家里则自有亲人备
好了热茶，等着他们回家。The American high priest of solitude
was Thoreau. We admire him, not for his self-reliance,
butbecause he was all by himself out there at Walden Pond,
and he wanted to be. All alone in the woods. 美 国的独处代表人
物是梭罗。我们钦佩他，并非因为他能自力更生，而是因为他孤身一
人在瓦尔登 湖畔生活，他喜欢这样──独居在湖畔的树林中。Actually,
he lived a mile, or 20 minutes' walk, from his nearest neighbor;
half a mile from the railroad; three hundred yards from a busy
road. He had company in and out of the hut all day, asking him
how he could possibly be so noble. Apparently the main point
of his nobility was that he had neither wife nor servants, used
his own axe to chop his own wood, and washed his own cups
and saucers. I don't know who did his laundry; he doesn't say,
but he certainly doesn't mention doing his own, either. Listen
to him: “I never found the companion that was so
companionable as solitude.” 实际上，他最近的邻居离他只有一
英里，走路也就20分钟；铁路离他半 英里；交通繁忙的大路距他300
码。整天都有人进出他的小屋，请教他何以能够如此高洁。显然，他< br>的高洁之处主要在于：他既没有妻子也没有仆人，自己动手用斧头砍
柴，自己洗杯洗碟。我不知道 谁为他洗衣服，他没说，但他也肯定没
提是他自己洗。听听他是怎么说的：“我从未发现比独处更好的伙 伴。”

Thoreau had his own self-importance for company. Perhaps
there's a message here. The larger the ego, the less the need
for other egos around. The more modest and humble we feel,
the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves inadequate
company. 梭罗以自尊自重为 伴。也许这里的启示是：自我意识越强，
就越不需要其他的人在周围。我们越是感觉谦卑，就越受孤独的 折磨，
感到仅与自己相处远远不够。

If you live with other people, their temporary absence can be
refreshing. Solitude will end on Thursday. If today I use a
singular personal pronoun to refer to myself, next week I will
use the plural form. While the others are absent you can stretch
out your soul until it fills up the whole room, and use your
freedom, coming and going as you please without apology,
staying up late to read, soaking in the bath, eating a whole pint
of ice cream at one sitting, moving at your own pace. Those
absent will be back. Their waterproof winter coats are in the
closet and the dog keeps watching for them at the window. But
when you live alone, the temporary absence of your friends
and acquaintances leaves a vacuum; they may never come back.
若与别人同住，他们的小别会使你感到耳目一新。孤独将会于星期四
结束。如果今 天我提到自己时使用的是单数人称代词，那么下星期我

就会使用复数形式。其他人不在的 时候，你可以放飞自己的灵魂，让
它充满整个房间。你可以充分享受自由，随意来去而无需道歉。你可< br>以熬夜读书、大泡浴缸、一口气吃掉整整一品脱的冰淇淋。你可以按
自己的节奏行动。暂别的人会 回来。他们的冬季防水大衣还放在衣橱
里，狗也在窗边密切留意他们归来的身影。但如果你单独居住，那 么
朋友或熟人的暂时离别会使你感到空虚，也许他们永远也不会回来了。
The condition of loneliness rises and falls, but the need to talk
goes on forever. It's more basic than needing to listen. Oh, we
all have friends we can tell important things to, people we can
call to say we lost our job or fell on a slippery floor and broke
our arm. It's the daily succession of small complaints and
observations and opinions that backs up and chokes us. We
can't really call a friend to say we got a parcel from our sister, or
it's getting dark earlier now, or we don't trust that new
Supreme Court justice. 孤独的感觉时起时落，但我们却永远需要与
人交谈。这比需要倾听更重要。噢，我们都有朋友，可以把大事要事
向他们倾诉。我们可以打电 话对朋友说我们丢了工作，或者说我们在
湿滑的地板上摔倒了，跌断了胳膊。每日不断的琐碎抱怨，对各 种事
情的看法和意见，积在那儿，塞满了我们的心。我们不会真打电话给
一位朋友，说我们收到 了姐姐的一个包裹，或者说现在天黑得比较早，
或者说我们不信任最高法院新来的法官。
Scientific surveys show that we who live alone talk at length to

ourselves and our pets and the television. We ask the cat
whether we should wear the blue suit or the yellow dress. We
ask the parrot if we should prepare steak, or noodles for dinner.
We argue with ourselves over who is the greater sportsman:
that figure skater or this skier. There's nothing wrong with this.
It's good for us, and a lot less embarrassing than the woman in
front of us in line at the market who's telling the cashier that
her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday, and
Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate, which is why she bought
the powdered hot chocolate mix, though she never drinks it
herself. 科学调查表明，独居的人会对着自己、 对着宠物、对着电视
机唠叨不休。我们问猫儿今天该穿蓝色套装还是黄色裙装，问鹦鹉今
天晚餐 该做牛排还是面条。我们跟自己争论那个花样滑冰选手和这个
滑雪运动员到底谁更了不起。这没什么不妥 ，也对我们有好处，而且
不像有些人那么令人尴尬：在超市付款处，排在前面的女人告诉收银
员 ，她的侄女梅利莎星期六可能会来看她。梅莉莎非常喜欢热巧克力，
所以她买了速溶热巧克力粉，虽然她 自己从来不喝这东西。
It's important to stay rational. 重要的是保持理性。
It's important to stop waiting and settle down and make
ourselves comfortable, at least temporarily, and find some
grace and pleasure in our condition, not like a self- centered
British poet but like a patient princess sealed up in a tower,

waiting for the happy ending to our fairy tale. 重要的是不再等
待，而是安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，至少暂时要这样。要在我们自
身的条件下发现一些优雅和乐趣， 不要做一个以自我为中心的英国诗
人，而要像一个被关在塔楼里的公主，耐心地等待着我们的童话故事< br>迎来快乐的结局。
After all, here we are. It may not be where we expected to be,
but for the time being we might as well call it home. Anyway,
there is no place like home. 毕竟，事已至此，这或许不是我们所< br>期望的局面，但眼下我们不妨称之为家吧。不管怎么说，没有什么地
方比家更好。
Unit 6
Text A

Students taking business courses are sometimes a little
surprised to find that classes on business ethics have been
included in their schedule. They often do not realize that
bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries
and, in some, has been a way of life for centuries. 商科学生有时
对课程里包含商业道德课略感吃惊。他们通常没意识到在很多国家 ，
形形色色的贿赂行为正日益增多。在某些国家，这已成为人们几百年
来的一种生活方式。Su ppose that during a negotiation with some
government officials, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to

you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it
much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you
are also likely to avoid
the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles?
It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in
practice, what would one really do in such a situation? Some
time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a
fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable practices such as
paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated commission,
offering additional discounts, and making payments to
numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The company rejected
these charges and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at
that time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain
who were prepared to say in private: we're in a very
competitive business. Every year we're selling more than a
￡ 1,000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million
pounds to keep some of the buyers happy, who's hurt? If we
didn't do it, someone else would. 假定在一场与政府官员的谈 判
中，贸易部长向你明确表示如能给他一大笔贿赂，那么你的商品拿到
进口许可证就会容易得多 ，还可能避免他所说的“程序上的延误”。现
在的问题是：你是被迫掏钱呢，还是坚持原则？高尚的道德 标准说起
来容易，但实际上人们在这种情况下究竟会怎么做呢？早些时候，一

家 英国汽车制造商被指控利用一笔基金行贿，并进行其他一些可疑运
作，如给代理商和客户高额回扣、提供 额外折扣、向一些在瑞士银行
开的匿名账户汇款等。这家汽车公司否认了这些指控，后来指控也被
撤销了。然而，当时英国汽车业里就有人准备私下里说：“瞧，我们这
一行竞争激烈，每年我们汽车的 海外销售额超过10亿英镑。如果花几
百万英镑能让一些客户高兴，谁会有损失呢？我们不这样干，别人 也
会这样干的。”


It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other
questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem
to have become a fact of commercial life. To take just one
example, the Chrysler Corporation, third largest of the U.S. car
manufacturers, revealed that it made questionable payments
of more than $$2.5 million between 1971 and 1976. By
announcing this, it joined more than 300 other U.S. companies
that had admitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission that they had made payments of one kind or
another — bribes, extra discounts, etc. — in recent years. For
discussion purposes, we can divide these payments into three
broad categories. 很容易产生这样的 印象：贿赂以及其他可疑开支
正日渐增多。的确，这似乎已成为商界的一个事实。仅举一例：美国

第三大汽车制造企业克莱斯勒汽车公司透露，它在1971至1976年间
共发生了2 50万美元的可疑开支。这一事实的披露，使克莱斯勒与其
他300多家美国公司一样，向美国证券交易 委员会承认自己近年曾有
过某种形式的支出，像贿赂、额外打折等。为方便讨论起见，我们可
将 这些支出分为三大类。

The first category consists of substantial payments made for
political purposes or to secure major contracts. For example,
one U.S. corporation offered a large sum of money in support
of a U.S. presidential candidate at a time when the company
was under investigation for possible violations of U. S. business
laws. This same company, it was revealed, was ready to finance
secret U.S. efforts to throw out the government of Chile. 第一大< br>类是那些为政治目的或为获得大宗合同所付出的大笔款项。比如，有
一家美国企业曾因可能违反美 国商业法规而受调查，当时它捐出一大
笔款项支持一位总统候选人。后来发现，这家公司也打算资助美国 推
翻智利政府的秘密行动。

In this category, we may also include large payments made to
ruling families or their close advisers in order to secure arms
sales or major petroleum or construction contracts. In a court
case involving an arms deal with Iran, a witness claimed that

￡ 1 million had been paid by a British company to a
who helped close a deal for the supply of tanks
and other military equipment to that country. Other countries
have also been known to put pressure on foreign companies to
make donations to party bank accounts. 这一大类也包括为得到
武器销售或重大的石油、建筑等项 目的合同而向权势家族及其身边的
顾问所付出的大笔款项。在一桩涉及对伊朗武器销售的案子中，一位< br>证人声称一家英国公司曾付给某“洽谈人”100万英镑。此人帮忙做
成了一笔向伊朗提供坦克和 其他军事装备的交易。据闻其他国家也是
如此，向外国公司施压，要他们向党派组织的账户捐款
The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker
official approval of some project, to speed up the wheels of
government. An interesting example of this kind of payment is
provided by the story of a sales manager who had been trying
for some months to sell road machinery to the Minister of
Works of a Caribbean country. Finally, he hit upon the answer.
Discovering that the minister collected rare books, he bought a
rare edition of a book, slipped $$20,000 within its pages, then
presented it to the minister. This man examined its contents,
then said:
work.
company cannot afford a two-volume edition, sir, but we could

offer you a copy with a preface!short time later, the deal
was approved.
The third category involves payments made in countries where
it is traditional to pay people to help with the passage of a
business deal. Some Middle East countries would be included
on this list, as well as certain Asian countries. 第二大类包括旨在
促使政府加快对某些工程项目 的正式批准而作的支出。关于这一点有
个有趣的例子：有个销售经理几个月来一直试图向加勒比地区一个 国
家的建工部长推销道路工程机械。后来，他想到了办法。了解到建工
部长收藏珍本书，他买了 一本书的珍藏版，在书里夹了两万美元，将
其送给部长。部长看了书的内容后说：“我知道这书有两卷本 的。”机
敏的销售经理答道：“先生，我们公司买不起两卷本，不过可以给你弄
一本带‘前言’ 的！”不久，这笔生意获准了。第三大类指某些国家按
照传统做法付给在交易中起作用的人的费用。中东 的一些国家和某些
亚洲国家的做法都属此类。

Is it possible to devise a code of rules for companies that would
prohibit bribery in all its forms? The International Chamber of
Commerce (ICC) favors a code of conduct that would ban the
giving and seeking of bribes. This code would try to distinguish
between commissions paid for real services and exaggerated
fees that really amount to bribes. A council has been proposed

to manage the code.是否有可能制订一套公司法规，防止各种类型
的贿赂呢？国际商会（ICC）赞成用一套行为准则来制止行贿索贿。这
一准则试图区分哪些是 真正为服务所付的佣金，哪些是等同于贿赂的
过高费用。已经成立了一个委员会来实际操作这一准则。


Unfortunately, opinions differ among members of the ICC
concerning how to enforce the code. The British members
would like the system to have enough legal power to make
companies behave themselves. However, the French delegates
think it is the business of governments to make and impose law;
the job of a business community like the ICC is to say what is
right and wrong, but not to impose anything. 可惜的是，国际商
会委员们就如何实行这一法规的意见不一。英国委员们希望这一 体系
有充分的法律效力以使公司规范行事。而法国代表认为制定和实施法
律是政府的事。像国际 商会这样的商业团体该做的是表明孰对孰错，
而非强制实行什么。

In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that

the takeThis is probably an exaggeration. However,
today's businessman, selling in overseas markets, will

frequently meet situations where it is difficult to square his
business interests with his moral conscience. 在一家知名英国报
纸上，最近有位作者指出 “企业已陷入贿赂网”，人人都“贪赃枉法”。
这一说法可能有些夸张。然而，如今做海外销售的商人们 常常难以做
到既确保自己的商业利益，又无愧于道德良心。

Unit 7

Text A
Research into Population Genetics
While not exactly a top selling book, The History and
Geography of Human Genes is a remarkable collection of more
than 50 years of research in population genetics. It stands as
the most extensive survey to date on how humans vary at the
level of their genes. The book's firm conclusion: once the genes
for surface features such as skin color and height are
discounted, the
variation among individuals is muchgreater than the
differences among groups. In fact, there is no scientific basis
for theories pushing the genetic superiority of any one
population over another. 《人类基因的历史与地理分布》尽管不是
严格意义上的畅销书，却是一本汇集了50 多年人类遗传学方面研究成

果的好书。它对人类在基因层面上的差异作了迄今为止最为广 泛的调
查，得出了明确的结论：如果不考虑影响肤色、身高等表面特征的基
因，不同的“种族” 在外表之下相似地令人吃惊。个体之间的差异远
远大于群体之间的差异。实际上，那种认为某一种群比另 一种群的基
因更优越的理论是毫无科学根据的。

The book, however, is much more than an argument against
the latest racially biased theory. The prime mover behind the
project, Luca Cavalli-Sforza, a Stanford professor, labored with
his colleagues for 16 years to create nothing less than the first
genetic map of the world. The book features more than 500
maps that show areas of genetic similarity — much as places
of equal altitude are shown by the same color on other maps.
By measuring how closely current populations are related, the
authors trace the routes by which early humans migrated
around the earth. Result: the closest thing we have to a global
family tree. 然而，此书还不仅仅是对目前的种族 偏见理论的反驳。
这一项目的主要倡导者，斯坦福大学教授路卡?卡瓦里-斯福尔扎，与
同事一 起经过16年的努力，绘制了这一世界上首幅人类基因分布图
谱。此书的一大特点是提供了500多幅图 ，显示了相同的遗传基因所
处的区域，这很像其他地图上用同样的颜色标示同样海拔高度的地区。
通过测定当前人类种群间的亲缘关系，作者们勾绘了地球上早期人类

迁徙的路线。他们 的研究结果相当于一份全球家谱。

The information needed to draw that tree is found in human
blood: various proteins that serve as markers to reveal a
person's genetic makeup. Using data collected by scientists
over decades, the authors assembled profiles of hundreds of
thousands of individuals from almost 2,000 groups. And to
ensure the populations were
groups that were in their present locations as of 1492, before
the first major movements from Europe began — in effect, a
genetic photo of the world when Columbus sailed for America.
他们在人类血液中找到了绘制这一家谱 所需的信息：不同的蛋白质就
是显示一个人的基因构成的标志。作者们利用几十年来科学家们收集
的数据，汇编成了近2,000个群体中成千上万个个体的数据图。为了
确保种群的“纯正”，这项研 究将对象限定于自1492年起，即欧洲最
初的大规模迁徙之前就一直居住在现生活区域的那些群体。这 实际上
就是一幅哥伦布驶向美洲时期的世界人口基因分布图。

Collecting blood, particularly from ancient populations in
remote areas, was not always easy; potential donors were often
afraid to cooperate, or raised religious concerns. On one
occasion, when Cavalli-Sforza was taking blood samples from

children in a rural region of Africa, he was confronted by an
angry farmer waving an axe. Recalls the scientist:
him saying, ’If you take the blood of the children, I'll take
yours.’ He was worried that we might want to do some magic
with the blood. 收集血样，特别是到偏远地区的古老人群中收集血
样，并非总是易事。潜在的供血者通常 不敢合作，或存在宗教上的担
心。有一次在非洲农村，正当卡瓦里?斯福尔扎要从儿童身上采血时，一个愤怒的村民手执斧头出现在他面前。这位科学家回忆道：“我记得
他说，‘如果你从孩子们身上 抽血，我就要放你的血。’那个人是担心
我们可能用这些血来施魔法。”

Despite the difficulties, the scientists made some remarkable
discoveries. One of them jumps right off the book's cover: a
color map of the world's genetic variation has Africa at one end
of the range and Australia at the other. Because Australia's
native people and black Africans share such superficial
characteristics as skin color and body shape, they were widely
assumed to be closely related. But their genes tell a different
story. Of all humans, Australians are most distant from the
Africans and most closely resemble their neighbors, the
Southeast Asians. What the eye sees as racial differences —
between Europeans and Africans, for example — are mainly a

way to adapt to climate as humans move from one continent to
another.
The same map, in combination with ancient human bones,
confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus
the starting point of the original human movements. Those
findings, plus the great genetic distance between present-day
Africans and non-Africans, indicate that the split from the
African branch is the oldest on the human family tree. 尽管有 困
难，科学家们还是取得了一些引人注目的发现。其中之一就醒目地印
在此书封面上：人类基因 变异彩图表明，非洲与澳洲分别位于变化范
围的两端。因为澳洲土著和非洲黑人之间有一些共同的外表特 征，如
肤色、体型等，所以被普遍认为有密切的亲缘关系。但是他们的基因
却表明并非如此。在 所有人种中，澳洲人与非洲人的关系最远，而与
其邻居东南亚人非常接近。我们所看到的人种差异，例如 欧洲人与非
洲人的差异，主要是人类从一个大陆向另一个大陆迁徙时为适应气候
所产生的。结合 对远古人骨的研究，这一图谱证实了非洲是人类的诞
生地，因而也是人类迁徙的始发地。这些发现，再加 上现代非洲人与
非非洲人之间的巨大基因差异，说明了从非洲种群开始的分支是人类
家谱上最早 的分支。


The genetic maps also shed new light on the origins of

populations that have long puzzled scientists. Example: the
Khoisan people of southern Africa. Many scientists consider the
Khoisan a distinct race of very ancient origin. The unique
character of the clicking sounds in their language has
persuaded some researchers that the Khoisan people are
directly descended from the most primitive human ancestors.
But their genes beg to differ. They show that the Khoisan may
be a very ancient mix of west Asians and black Africans. A
genetic trail visible on the maps shows that the breeding
ground for this mixed population probably lies in Ethiopia or
the Middle East. 这一基因分布图谱对长期以来困绕着科学家的人
种起源问 题也做出了新的解释。南部非洲的科伊桑人就是一个例子。
很多科学家认为科伊桑人是一个独立的非常古 老的人种。他们语言中
那种独特的短促而清脆的声音使得一些研究者认为科伊桑人是最原始
的人 类祖先的直系后裔。然而他们的基因却表明情况并非如此。基因
研究表明科伊桑人可能是古代西亚人与非 洲黑人的混血。图谱上显示
的遗传轨迹表明这一混血人种的发源地可能在埃塞俄比亚或中东地
区 。

The most distinctive members of the European branch of the
human tree are the Basques of France and Spain. They show
unusual patterns for several genes, including the highest rate

of a rare blood type. Their language is of unknown origin and
cannot be placed within any standard classification. And the
fact that they live in a region next to famous caves which
contain vivid paintings from Europe's early humans, leads
Cavalli-Sforza to the following conclusion: Basques are
extremely likely to be the most direct relatives of the
Cro-Magnon people, among the first modern humans in
Europe.
with 65% Asian and 35% African genes. 法国和西班牙的巴斯克
人是人类家谱图 上欧洲人分支的最特殊的成员。他们有几组少见的基
因类型，包括一种罕见血型的发生率在巴斯克人中也 是最高的。他们
的语言起源不明，也无法被归入任何标准的类别。他们居住的地区紧
挨着发现早 期欧洲人壁画的几个著名的洞穴这一事实使卡瓦里?斯福
尔扎得出这样的结论：“在欧洲最早的近代人中 ，巴斯克人极有可能与
克罗马努人关系最直接。”人们认为所有的欧洲人都是混合人种，有
65 %的亚洲人基因，35%的非洲人基因。

In addition to telling us about our origins, genetic information
is also the latest raw material of the medical industry, which
hopes to use human DNA to build specialized proteins that
may have some value as disease-fighting drugs. Activists for
native populations fear that the scientists could exploit these

peoples: genetic material taken from blood samples could be
used for commercial purposes without adequate payment
made to the groups that provide the DNA. 除了揭示人种的起源
以外，基因信息对医学界来说也是最新资料。医学界希望能用人类脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）制成特别的蛋白质，这些蛋白质可能具有某种抗病
药物的价值。保护土著人权 益的活动家们担心科学家可能会利用土著
人：从当地人血样中提取的基因物质可被用于商业目的，而DN A 提供
者却不会获得足够的报酬。
Cavalli-Sforza stresses that his mission is not just scientific but
social as well. The study's ultimate aim, he says, is to
conventional notions of race
goal that he hopes will be welcomed among native peoples
who have long struggled for the same end. 卡瓦里?斯福尔扎强
调，他的工作不仅有科学意义，而且也有社会意义。他说研究 的最终
目的是“削弱”造成种族偏见的“传统的种族观念”。他希望这一目的
会得到一直为同样 目的进行抗争的土著民族的接受。