天津专科学校-小学五年级语文上册教案

Unit 1
Settling down at college around the world
适应校园生活——来自世界各地的访谈
Tanya Zarutskaya Moscow, Russia
塔尼娅•扎茹茨卡娅 莫斯科，俄罗斯
This time last year I was nervous about my new life.
去年的这个时候，我对新生活感到很紧张。
I didn't have any friends, and it was my first time away from home.
我没有朋友，也是第一次离开家。
At first I worked all the time, going to lectures and studying late into
the night.
一开始，我一天到晚都在忙功课：上课，并且学习到深夜。

But then I realized I was missing out on so many other things at university.
可后来我意识到我错过了大学里许多其他活动。
One day a girl in my hall of residence invited everyone in the dorm to
a dinner party.
一天，跟我住同一幢宿舍楼的一个女孩儿邀请全楼的人去参加一个晚宴。
I've no idea where she managed to buy the food, or how she had enough money.
我不知道她在哪儿买的那些吃的，也不清楚她怎么会有足够的钱。
And she dressed like a model.
而且她穿得像个模特儿。
I don't know why she was bothering with university!
我真不知道她干嘛还要费那劲儿上大学！
I've got to know lots of interesting people and I now enjoy myself as well
as study hard.
现在我结识了许多有趣的人，既努力学习，也快乐地生活。

Miguel Fonseca Guadalajara, Mexico
米古尔•方斯卡 瓜达拉哈拉，墨西哥
When I first arrived at university, I tried to make notes about everything
the professors said in their lectures.
刚上大学的时候，我尽量把教授们在课堂上说的每一句话都记下来。
But I ended up being too busy writing to listen.
结果是我光忙着记笔记，都顾不上听讲了。
I'm studying chemistry, and everything seemed more complicated than what
we learned at school.
我现在学的是化学，现在学的东西似乎都比我们在中学里学的复杂。
But then I realized that here, you have to listen and think more.
现在，我已弄清新知识和过去所学知识之间的差别了。
I've now understood the difference between new information and things
which I knew already.
不过我意识到，在大学里，你应该更多地去听、去思考。

Francine Bonnet Lyon, France
弗兰辛•博内 里昂，法国
When I first arrived, the university seemed very large and unfriendly.
我刚来时，这所大学似乎很大，也很不友好。
I found the freedom and the lack of guidance difficult at first.
一开始，我觉得很难适应缺乏指导的自由生活。
At school, I was used to a timetable with homework in the evening.
上中学的时候，我已经习惯了晚上做家庭作业。

I also had a lot of trouble managing my allowance.
如何使用每月的生活费也让我感到很头疼。
You have to buy food, books, bus fares, clothes and everything, so it's
not like the pocket money you had as a kid at home.
你得买食品、书、公交车票、衣服等东西，这和小时候在家花零花钱大不一样。
The money arrives all in one go, so I felt pretty rich at the start of
term.
每学期的钱是一次性汇来的，所以一开始我总觉得手头相当宽裕。
Then I spent too much, and could only afford to eat a sandwich once a day!
然后我就大手大脚地花钱，搞到后来每天只能吃一个三明治！

But now I've realized that it's no longer my parents' or teachers'
responsibility to look after me.
我现在认识到家长或老师不再有照顾我的责任了。
For the first time, it's me who's responsible for my life ... and I don't
know what to do!
长这么大第一次， 我该自己打理自己的生活了……可我却不知道该怎么办！

Unit3
Thinking across cultures
跨文化思考
This view attracted a lot of criticism.
这一观点招致了不少批评。
People said it was too simplistic, it was based on insufficient evidence,
and it was biased in favour of English (which seemed to offer the
efficient
大家认为这种理论过于简单 化，论据不足，而且偏袒英语（好像只有英语才能
够“最有效地”展开论述似的）。
Russian students, in particular, didn't agree with the idea Kaplan had
of them!
俄罗斯学生尤其不认同卡普兰对他们的看法。

But Kaplan's work at least reminded us that, to be able to write
effectively in English (or any language), it is not enough to master
structures at sentence level—we need to work at a higher level of
organization, and to understand how rhetorical devices, such as
repetition and figurative language, are used.
不过，卡普兰的研究成果至少提醒了我们一点：要想熟练地掌握英语（或任何语
言）写作的能力 ，仅仅掌握句子层面的结构是不够的——我们需要在更高层次的
组织结构上下工夫，学会运用重复和比喻 等修辞手法。

What's more, most of us would probably agree that people from different
cultural backgrounds do have different ways of presenting arguments, or
telling stories,
并且，我们可能大都认同这样一种观点，即来自不同文化背景的人会以各自不同
的方式提出论点或者讲故 事。
and that, even if these differences are difficult, and perhaps impossible
to classify, just being aware that they exist can help us to understand
and appreciate each other better. < br>即使我们很难或是根本不可能阐明其差异，但仅仅是意识到这些差异的存在也有
助于我们加深对彼 此的理解和认同感。

Unit 4
Saying it without words
非言语表达
Misunderstandings are not restricted to words.
误解并不仅限于言语。
It's just as easy to create confusion with body language and gestures which
mean one thing in one culture, but something different in another.
由于肢体语言和手势 在一种文化中表达一个意思，可在另一种文化中又表达另一
个意思，这很容易造成困惑。
For example, new arrivals from the West in China often find it strange
when you stare at them, because it makes them feel embarrassed and
self-conscious, whereas the Chinese are simply curious.
比如说，刚到中国的西方人看见有人盯着他们看，觉得很奇怪，因为这让他们觉得很尴尬、很难为情。其实，中国人只是好奇而已。

Unit 6
Market trading
集市贸易
In some markets, the trader will allow you to choose the fruit and
vegetables yourself, but others may insist on choosing for you.
在有些集市上，卖家允许你自己挑选水果和蔬菜，而在另外一 些集市上，卖家可
能要坚持替你挑选。
The best way to check is
最好的方法便是入乡随俗。
In other words, watch if the locals pick their goods, place them in a bowl
or a basket, and then hand it to the trader.
也就是说，留意当地人的做法，看他们是不是自己挑选物品，将物品放入碗中或
者篮子里，然后 交给卖家。

It's rare to bargain in markets, or more precisely, in markets which sell
food and clothes or anywhere the price is marked on a label.
在集市上，或者更准确地说，在销售食品、衣服或明码标价的集市上，讨价还价
是很少见的。The only exception is marketsthat is to say, markets
where you can buy second-hand goods and antiques.
唯一的例外是“跳蚤市场”，也就是二手货和古玩市场。
But if it's OK to bargain, find out what similar goods are worth on other
stalls, let the salesperson tell you the price first, then make them an
offer, or more precisely, about 40 per cent of their price, and hope to
agree on something which pleases both of you.
如果可以讨价 还价，你需要先了解相同的物品在其他货摊上卖多少钱，然后让卖
主先告诉你价格，你再还价，或者更确 切地说，你给的价格可以大约是卖主出价。

Unit 8
Ecotourism
生态旅游
As a thoughtful and responsible traveller, there are several things you
can do to avoid affecting or damaging the sights you have come to see.
作为一个有头脑、负责任的旅行者，你可以做几件事以避免影响或毁坏你参观过
的风景名胜区。
It's important to be aware of the economic, cultural and environmental
effects of tourism.
认识到旅游所产生的经济、文化及环境效应是非常重要的。
The more you put into your trip, the more you'll get out of it.
你在旅行中付出的越多，你从中得到的就越多。

Find out about your destination.
了解目的地。
This doesn't just mean reading the guidebooks.
这不仅仅意味着读读旅行指南。
For example, before you go, look out for news and current events about
the area you're planning to visit.
比如说，走之前，你可以留意一下有关旅游目的地的新闻与时事。
Try to learn a few words of the local language.
或者试着学几句当地的语言。

Respect local customs and traditions,
尊重当地的习俗与传统。
such as wearing the right clothes or being careful about taking photos.
比如说着装要得体，拍照时要小心谨慎。
Try to remember that appropriate behaviour for you may not be transferable
to another culture.
要记住，在你看来恰当的举止不一定会被另一个文化所接受。
Remember that you're not just a tourist, you're a guest.
记住你不仅仅是名游客，你还是位客人。

Don't show how wealthy you are.
不要炫富。
Your belongings, like cameras, wristwatches or jewellery, may create a
barrier between you and the local people.
你随身携带的东西，如照相机、手表及珠宝首饰等，有可能在你和当地人之间造
成隔阂。
Keep them out of sight.
把这些东西收起来。

Conserve resources.
节约资源。

Be aware that, as a visitor, you may be using valuable resources, for
instance, water, wood and food, which may already be under pressure.
要知道，作为游客，你可能会消耗日益稀少的珍贵自然资源，如水、木材及食品
等。
A large hotel in the middle of nowhere uses more resources than small
family-run accommodation.建在茫茫旷野中的大旅馆比家庭经营的小旅店要消
耗更多的资源。

Follow the leave-no-trace rules.
遵循不留痕迹的原则。
Take home everything you brought, such as packaging, paper and litter.
把你带来的所有东西，如包装盒、纸、垃圾等，全都带回家。
Don't take home anything you didn't bring and which may have an impact
on the environment, such as plants or souvenirs made from animal products.
不要把不是你 带来的或是会对环境造成影响的东西带回家，比如植物或用动物制
品制作的纪念品。

Support the local economy.
支持当地的经济。
For example, eat local food and use local transport, restaurants, markets
and guides. 比如说，品尝当地的食品，乘坐当地的交通工具，在当地的饭馆就餐，光顾当地
的市场，雇用当地的 导游。
It's important that the money you spend remains within the local community
and creates jobs.
重要的是，你在当地花的钱创造了就业机会。尽量避免随大型旅游公司去旅行。

Follow up your visit.
继续你的旅行。
Your visit doesn't end with your flight home.
乘飞机回到家以后，你的旅行并没有结束。
There's lots more you can do, for instance, you can stay in touch with
the people and the places you visited, and share your experiences with
people back home and read up about what you've learnt.
你还可以做更多的 事情，比如说，你可以和你去过的那些地方以及你见过的那些
人保持联系，与亲朋好友分享你的经历，仔 细研究一下你学到的东西。
Sustain your interest by supporting suitable conservation agencies.
通过支持一些合适的保护机构来保持你的兴趣。
Try and write an article for publication in a local newspaper or magazine.
试着写篇文章，投寄给当地的报纸或杂志发表。

If you don't appreciate being a visitor, why do you want to leave home
in the first place?
如果你不喜欢旅行，那你当初为什么要离开家呢？

Unit 9
Cold climate, hot habit
冷气候，热习惯
In Finland winters are long and cold, with temperatures rarely rising
above freezing, and the nights never seem to end.
在芬兰，冬天漫长而寒冷，温度很少在零度以上，长夜漫漫，似乎没有尽头。
In addition, those who live in the far north of the country have to cope
with the
never rises.
另外，那些生活在该国最北部地区的人们还得应对“极夜”，一段连续51天、
太阳永不升起的 日子。

But the Finns have invented a way of staying warm and happy — the sauna.
但是芬兰人发明了一种保持温暖、快乐的方法——桑拿。
Almost every house in Finland has one; in a country which numbers just
five million inhabitants, there are an estimated two million saunas.
在芬兰，几乎每一栋 房子都有一间桑拿房。在这个只有500多万居民的国家里，
估计有多达200万间的桑拿房。

Saunas have been around for a long time.
桑拿房历史久远，
The first written reference to them dates back to the 12th century.
有关桑拿房的最早文字记载可以追溯到12世纪。
At first, the sauna was just a heated hole in the ground used for bathing.
最初，桑拿房只是在地上挖的一个坑，加热后用于洗澡。
But over time, as the population became more settled, it became an
above-ground room separated from the main house.
但是后来，随着定居人口的增多，桑拿房变成了独立于主宅的地上房间。
Today, however, most modern homes include a sauna, in addition to a shower
or bath, in the bathroom.
但是，今天大多数现代家庭的浴室里除了淋浴喷头和浴缸外，还有桑拿设备。
Furthermore, the function of the sauna has today use it
for relaxation.
而且，桑拿房的功能也发生了变化，如今人们将它用作休闲享乐的场所。

In essence, the sauna is a fire without a chimney.
从本质上讲，桑拿是不用烟囱的一团火。石头被放在火上以储存热量。
Rocks are put on the fire to retain the heat, and when you pour water on
the rocks it releases a burst of heat throughout the room.
当你往石头上泼水时，它就释放出大量的热气，瞬间弥漫整个屋子。

For Finns the sauna is part of life from childhood, and an experience to
be shared with family or friends.
对于芬兰人来说，早在童年时代桑拿就是他们生活的一部分，是与家人或朋友分

享的人生经历。
Since being naked is the norm (but not a rule), it is usual (but again,
not a rule) for men and women to take it in turns to have a sauna.
洗桑拿浴时一般（但不是规定）要全身赤裸，因此通常（也不是规定）男人和女
人轮流洗桑拿。
In public saunas there will be separate saunas for men and women.
公共桑拿房里有各自独立的男士桑拿间和女士桑拿间。
The aim is to relax and sweat, after which you can have a shower, or just
run about in the snow outside.
桑拿的目的就是为了放松和出汗。
Some people dive into a nearby lake as well!
桑拿之后，你可以冲个澡，或者干脆到外面雪地里跑跑。有些人还跳进附近的湖
里！
(There are 200,000 of them in Finland).
（芬兰有20万个湖。）
But are saunas healthy?
但是，桑拿对身体有益吗？

Opinions are divided.
对此人们的观点各不相同。
For example, although some people think that it is possible to use a sauna
to lose weight, most doctors would advise against this.
例如，虽然有些人认为可以通过桑拿减肥，但是大多数医生反对这么做。
More realistic claims made in favour of saunas include improving blood
circulation, getting rid of toxins, helping people who have breathing
problems, and relieving tired muscles.
支持桑 拿的更为现实的观点包括桑拿可以改善血液循环、排除毒素、治疗呼吸道
疾病以及舒缓肌肉疲劳。
What's more, research by the Finnish Medical Society suggests that people
who regularly have saunas reduce their chances of catching colds by up
to 30 per cent.
而且，芬兰医学会的研究表明，那些经常洗桑拿的人患感冒的机会减少了30％。

But of course for Finns, the effect of the sauna is psychological as well
as physical.
当然，对芬兰人来说，桑拿的作用既是生理的，也是心理的。
Relaxing in a sauna while winter rages outside is part of the pleasure
of living in a northern climate.
冬天，当室外已是一片冰天雪地的时候，在桑拿房里放松休养是生活在北方的一
种乐趣。

一、
适应校园生活——来自世界各地的访谈
塔尼娅•扎茹茨卡娅 莫斯科，俄罗斯
去年的这个时候，我对新生活感到很紧张。我没有朋友，也是第一次离开家。一
开始，我一天到晚都在忙功课：上课，并且学习到深夜。

可后来我意识到我错过了大学里 许多其他活动。一天，跟我住同一幢宿舍楼的一
个女孩儿邀请全楼的人去参加一个晚宴。我不知道她在哪 儿买的那些吃的，也不
清楚她怎么会有足够的钱。而且她穿得像个模特儿。我真不知道她干嘛还要费那< br>劲儿上大学！现在我结识了许多有趣的人，既努力学习，也快乐地生活。

米古尔•方斯卡 瓜达拉哈拉，墨西哥
刚上大学的时候，我尽量把教授们在课堂上说的每一句 话都记下来。结果是我光
忙着记笔记，都顾不上听讲了。我现在学的是化学，现在学的东西似乎都比我们
在中学里学的复杂。不过我意识到，在大学里，你应该更多地去听、去思考。现
在，我已弄清新 知识和过去所学知识之间的差别了。

弗兰辛•博内 里昂，法国
我刚来时，这所 大学似乎很大，也很不友好。一开始，我觉得很难适应缺乏指导
的自由生活。上中学的时候，我已经习惯 了晚上做家庭作业。

如何使用每月的生活费也让我感到很头疼。你得买食品、书、公交车票 、衣服等
东西，这和小时候在家花零花钱大不一样。每学期的钱是一次性汇来的，所以一
开始我 总觉得手头相当宽裕。然后我就大手大脚地花钱，搞到后来每天只能吃一
个三明治！

我现在认识到家长或老师不再有照顾我的责任了。长这么大第一次，我该自己打
理自己的生活了……可 我却不知道该怎么办！

二、
这一观点招致了不少批评。大家认为这种理论过于 简单化，论据不足，而且偏袒
英语（好像只有英语才能够“最有效地”展开论述似的）。俄罗斯学生尤其 不认
同卡普兰对他们的看法。

不过，卡普兰的研究成果至少提醒了我们一点：要想 熟练地掌握英语（或任何语
言）写作的能力，仅仅掌握句子层面的结构是不够的——我们需要在更高层次 的
组织结构上下工夫，学会运用重复和比喻等修辞手法。

并且，我们可能大都认同 这样一种观点，即来自不同文化背景的人会以各自不同
的方式提出论点或者讲故事。即使我们很难或是根 本不可能阐明其差异，但仅仅
是意识到这些差异的存在也有助于我们加深对彼此的理解和认同感。

三、
误解并不仅限于言语。由于肢体语言和手势在一种文化中表达一个意思， 可在另
一种文化中又表达另一个意思，这很容易造成困惑。比如说，刚到中国的西方人
看见有人 盯着他们看，觉得很奇怪，因为这让他们觉得很尴尬、很难为情。其实，
中国人只是好奇而已。